JP4599113B2 - Impurity removal equipment - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an impurity removal apparatus that removes soluble impurities and insoluble impurities contained in primary system water or the like of a nuclear power plant.

  Impurities are contained in the primary system water of a nuclear power plant, the primary system water of a thermal power plant, or the system water of a fuel cell. There are two types of impurities: a soluble one that behaves as a solution when dissolved in water, and an insoluble one that does not dissolve in water and becomes dispersed or settled. For this reason, it is necessary for a system for removing impurities to have the ability to remove both soluble and insoluble impurities.

Conventionally, as a representative technique for removing soluble impurities, there is an ion exchange resin method (see, for example, Patent Document 1), and there are a reverse osmosis membrane method, a distillation method, an electrodialysis method, and the like. Further, as a main technique for removing insoluble impurities, there are a filtration method (for example, see Patent Document 2), a centrifugal separation method, and the like.
JP 2003-181303 A JP 2003-145150 A

  The technology for removing soluble impurities described above is generally inferior in heat resistance, durability, and contamination resistance compared to the technology for removing insoluble impurities, and this heat resistance, durability, and contamination resistance are good or bad. The performance of the impurity removal apparatus will be determined.

Hereinafter, the problem of the technique for removing soluble impurities will be described.
First, the ion exchange resin method uses an ion exchange resin, which is an organic material with a functional group added. It is sensitive to heat, and the target water must be free from insoluble impurities. After that, reagent cleaning or replacement is required.

  Next, the reverse osmosis membrane method uses a membrane made of an organic material having fine pores that can be sieved against soluble impurities. Like the ion exchange resin, it is vulnerable to heat and the target water is insoluble. In order for the target water to permeate the ultrafine pore membrane, high pressure is required.

  Further, the distillation method heats and evaporates the target water, and the energy required for evaporation becomes enormous. Furthermore, the electrodialysis method uses a membrane-like ion exchange resin and electrophoresis, is weak to heat like the ion-exchange resin, and is less durable than the ion-exchange resin as long as it is molded into a membrane shape.

In view of the technical problem of removing such soluble impurities, the inventors flowed a treatment fluid containing dissolved chargeable impurities into the treatment chamber of the electrophoresis tank and applied an electric field from both ends to treat the treatment. Removal of soluble impurities by desalting equipment in which a physical sieve is carried out by diffusion layers arranged on both sides of the treatment chamber by causing electrified impurities in the fluid to be electrophoresed in the potential direction according to the polarity of the charge. Invented the technology (Japanese Patent Application Nos. 2003-328325 and 2003-424778).
The technique for removing soluble impurities by this desalting apparatus has the characteristics that it is excellent in heat resistance and durability and is also resistant to contamination.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems. By combining a filtration device for filtering insoluble impurities with a technique for removing soluble impurities by a desalting device, soluble impurities and undissolved substances in the water to be treated can be obtained. An object of the present invention is to obtain an impurity removing apparatus capable of removing soluble impurities.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the invention of the impurity removing apparatus according to the present invention includes a filtration apparatus in which a stock solution, which is water to be treated, is filtered, and the filtered treated water is taken in a desalting apparatus. An apparatus for removing impurities to be processed, wherein the filtration device includes a filtration treatment tank, a filter that is accommodated in the filtration treatment tank and that separates the inside into an inlet water side compartment and an outlet water side compartment, and an inlet of the filtration treatment tank A raw material inlet pipe which is treated water provided to communicate with the water-side compartment, a treated water outlet pipe provided to communicate with the outlet water-side compartment of the filtration treatment tank, and a reverse flow through the filter And a backwashing mechanism having a backwashing fluid introduction pipe and a discharge pipe for washing, and the desalting apparatus includes a tea tube-shaped desalting tank and the desalting tank. From one end of the salt treatment tank to the other end Disc-shaped negative electrode insulating spacers, disc-shaped negative electrodes, circular negative electrode liquid distribution insulating spacers, disk-shaped negative electrode side separators, circular processed water distribution insulating spacers, A space formed by a disk-shaped positive electrode side separator, an annular positive electrode liquid distribution insulating spacer, a disk-shaped positive electrode, a disk-shaped positive electrode insulating spacer, and the treated water distribution insulating spacer to the outlet pipe of the inlet mouth piping and desalted water treated water provided so as to communicate, the solubility impurities provided so as to communicate with the space portion formed by the negative electrode and the positive electrode liquid circulation insulating spacer It is characterized by comprising a backwashing mechanism having a drainage pipe for containing water, a backwashing fluid introduction pipe and a drainpipe for backwashing the negative electrode side and the positive electrode side separator.

Since the impurity removing apparatus according to the present invention does not require the use of an organic material, the heat resistance, durability, or contamination resistance can be greatly improved as compared with the prior art.

Embodiments of an impurity removing apparatus according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
(Example 1)
Embodiment 1 will be described with reference to FIG.
The impurity removal apparatus according to the present embodiment cascades the filtration apparatus 100 and the desalination apparatus 200, so that the raw solution (for example, primary system water of a nuclear power plant, Water containing insoluble impurities and soluble impurities such as primary water or fuel cell water) is filtered and the filtered treated water is taken into the desalinator 200 and desalted. It is comprised so that it may do.

First, the configuration and operation of the filtration device 100 will be described.
Fixing the filtration apparatus 100 includes a cylindrical filtration tank 14, the filtration is accommodated in the processing tank 14, a cylindrical filter 16 Ru spaced interior inlet water side compartment and the outlet water side compartment, the filter Insoluble from stock solution 1 by filter 16, inlet pipe 10 for feeding raw water 1 containing water to be treated, that is, insoluble impurities and soluble impurities, from the bottom into filtration tank 14, and filter 16 The outlet pipe 11 for sending out the water 2 from which impurities have been removed from the upper part of the filtration tank 14 and the water or gas 4 from which the insoluble impurities have been removed from the upper part of the filtration tank 14 are introduced. And a discharge pipe 13 for discharging the water 5 containing insoluble impurities from the bottom of the filtration tank 14.

Of the inlet pipe 10 to the discharge pipe 13, the inlet pipe 10 and the outlet pipe 11 are used during steady operation, while the introduction pipe 12 and the discharge pipe 13 are used during backwashing operation.
The filtration tank 14 and the filter 16 accommodated in the filtration tank 14 have been described as being formed in a cylindrical shape. The reason why the filter tank 14 is formed in a cylindrical shape is to uniformly filter the stock solution 1 containing impurities from all sides. is there. As a material of the filtration tank 14, it is appropriate to use a metal material because heat resistance, pressure resistance and workability are required. Among the metal materials, stainless steel is appropriate when considering the cost aspect, but when considering corrosion resistance and operability, select from heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant metal materials such as Hastelloy (registered trademark), Inconel, or titanium. There is a need.

  Further, when considering higher corrosion resistance in the filtration tank 14, ceramic materials such as alumina or fluoride-based materials can be lined on these metal materials. It is necessary to make a selection with consideration.

  By the way, it is desirable that the filter 16 has a pore size of 1 μm or less in consideration of capture of microcolloids. As the material of the filter 16, it is appropriate to use a metal material because heat resistance, workability, and denseness are required, and stainless steel is appropriate among metal materials in consideration of cost. However, when considering corrosion resistance, operability, etc., it is necessary to make a selection taking into consideration the equipment requirements such as elution from materials such as hastely, inconel and titanium. Alternatively, it may be possible to apply a ceramic material such as alumina or a fluoride-based material in order to meet the equipment requirements for special eluate.

  Table 1 shows the chemical components of Hastelloy and Inconel applicable to the filtration tank 14 and the filter 16.

  Next, the desalting apparatus 200 will be described. The basic principle of the desalination apparatus 200 is the same as that of the water treatment apparatus described in the prior invention (Japanese Patent Application No. 2003-424778 “Water Treatment Apparatus and Water Treatment Method, Nuclear Power Plant”), but the specific configuration is slightly different. Different. That is, the desalination apparatus 200 used in the present invention adopts a shape in which a tea cylinder is placed sideways with respect to the flow-down direction of the water 2 to be treated.

The most basic conceptual configuration of the desalting apparatus 200 will be described with reference to FIG.
As shown in FIG. 5, the desalting apparatus 200 is disposed inside a desalting treatment tank 26 formed in a tea cylinder shape oriented in a direction orthogonal to the flow-down direction of the water to be treated 2 with an insulating spacer for electrodes interposed therebetween. A pair of electrodes are arranged opposite to each other, and a pair of plate-like separators are arranged in a space formed between the pair of electrodes via annular electrode liquid circulation insulating spacers, respectively. It is configured so as to insert an annular insulating solution circulation spacer.

  That is, inside the desalting treatment tank 26, from the left end face in the figure, a disk-shaped negative electrode insulating spacer 29a, a disk-shaped negative electrode 27a, an annular negative electrode liquid circulation insulating spacer 29b, a disk-shaped insulating spacer 29b Cathode-side separator 28a, annular-shaped stock solution distribution insulating spacer 29c, disk-shaped positive electrode-side separator 28b, annular-shaped positive electrode solution distribution insulating spacer 29d, disk-shaped positive electrode 27b, positive electrode insulation The spacer 29e is sequentially arranged. The negative electrode 27a, the negative electrode side separator 28a, the positive electrode side separator 28b, and the positive electrode 27b formed in a disk shape are each sandwiched in a liquid-tight state by insulating spacers 29a to 29e arranged on both sides. It has become so.

  And in the upper part of the tea tube-shaped desalting apparatus 200 configured in this way, an inlet pipe 20 for taking in the treated water 2 from which insoluble impurities have been removed by the filtration apparatus 100, impurities as a backwashing fluid are contained. Introductory piping 22 for introducing the removed water or gas 6 is connected. On the other hand, in the lowermost central portion of the desalting treatment tank 26, the treated water 3 from which all insoluble impurities and soluble impurities have been removed is provided. An outlet pipe 21 is provided, and outlet pipes 23 and 24 for water 7 and 8 containing soluble impurities are connected to a portion slightly separated from the outlet pipe 21. Reference numeral 25 denotes a discharge pipe used at the time of back washing provided by branching from the outlet pipe 21, and discharges the water 9 containing impurities in an insoluble form in the separators 28a and 28b at the time of back washing.

Next, the material of each component of the desalinator 200 will be further described.
Since the desalination apparatus 200 needs to have a large reaction area and a small distance between the electrodes in order to improve the treatment performance, the shape of the desalination apparatus 200 corresponds to the flow direction of the treated water 2 as described above. Basically, it is in the shape of a long and short tea cylinder. For this reason, the desalination treatment tank 26 is also formed into a vertically and horizontally short tea tube shape, and the material thereof is a metal material because heat resistance and pressure resistance and workability are required in the same manner as the filtration treatment tank 14. In the case of the desalination tank 26, it is appropriate to select stainless steel if cost is important. However, when considering corrosion resistance and operability superior to stainless steel, there are Hastelloy, Inconel, titanium, etc. Select from materials. Furthermore, in order to improve corrosion resistance, insulation, etc., a ceramic material such as alumina or a fluoride material may be lined on the outer surface of these metal materials. These need to be selected in consideration of equipment requirements such as eluate.

  Next, the separators 28a and 28b preferably have a hole diameter of 1 μm or less, but may have a hole diameter larger than 1 μm. The separators 28a and 28b are made of insulating material such as hastelloy, stainless steel, inconel and titanium, ceramic materials such as alumina, fluoride materials, etc. due to heat resistance, corrosion resistance, denseness, workability and spreadability. It is necessary to make selections that take into account equipment requirements such as eluate. It should be noted that the chemical components of hasteroty and inconel used for the treatment tank 26 and the separator 28 are the same as those shown in Table 1 above.

  Of the insulating spacers 29a to 29e, the electrode insulating spacers 29a and 29e formed in a disk shape need to have a shape in which a hole corresponding to the lead wire of the electrodes 27a and 27b is formed at the center point. The electrode solution distribution insulating spacers 29b and 29d and the undiluted solution distribution insulating spacer 29c have a reaction surface in the center and a hole through which the electrode solution or undiluted solution flows in the vertical direction.

  In addition, the material of each insulating spacer 29a to 29e is selected in consideration of equipment requirements such as ceramic materials such as alumina, fluoride-based materials, etc. due to heat resistance, corrosion resistance, workability, spreadability, insulation, etc. Need to do.

  On the other hand, for the electrodes 27a and 27b, platinum group element materials or metal materials plated with platinum group elements can be considered because of their heat resistance, corrosion resistance, workability, spreadability, insolubility, etc. It is necessary to make a selection in consideration of the equipment requirements.

Next, the operation of this apparatus will be described with reference to FIGS.
In the case of the present embodiment, the stock solution 1 containing insoluble and soluble impurities, which is the water to be treated fed into the apparatus, is first removed by filtration with the filter 16 in the filtration apparatus 100, and then Soluble impurities are removed by desalting in the desalinator 200. Hereinafter, the steady operation of the filtration device 100 will be described as being backwashed, and then the steady operation of the desalter 200 will be backwashed. Continue to explain.

  In the steady operation of the filtration apparatus 100, as shown in FIG. 1, the valve 12V of the introduction pipe 12 for water or air 4 excluding the insoluble impurities as the backwash fluid and the water 5 containing insoluble impurities The valve 13V of the discharge pipe 13 is closed, and the stock solution 1 containing impurities is sent into the filtration tank 14 from the inlet water pipe 10, and insoluble impurities are removed by the sieving effect on the outer surface of the filter 16. After that, it passes through the fine holes inside the filter 16 to the inside thereof, and becomes treated water 2 from which insoluble impurities are removed from the outlet water pipe 11 and is sent out of the filtration treatment tank 14.

  In such steady operation, when the pressure loss of the filter 16 increases due to accumulation of insoluble impurities removed on the outer surface of the filter 16, a pressure sensor (not shown) operates to perform steady operation. Stop and perform backwash operation.

The backwashing operation of the filtration device 100 is performed as follows, for example.
In FIG. 2, first, the valve 10V of the inlet pipe 10 of the stock solution 1 containing impurities and the valve 11V of the outlet pipe 11 of the treated water 2 from which insoluble impurities have been removed are closed, and conversely, in the upper center of the filtration tank 14 The valve 12V of the introduction pipe 12 for introducing the installed backwash fluid 4 and the valve 13V of the discharge pipe 13 for the water 5 containing insoluble impurities are switched to open.

  In this state, the backwashing fluid 4 is introduced from the backwashing fluid introduction pipe 12 and permeated from the inside to the outside of the filter 16 to push away insoluble impurities accumulated on the outer surface of the filter 16. The peeled insoluble impurities are collected at the bottom of the filtration tank 14 by gravity sedimentation, and are discharged from the discharge pipe 13 as water 5 containing insoluble impurities.

  Next, steady operation of the desalting apparatus 200 will be described. In the case of steady operation of the desalting apparatus 200, as shown in FIG. 1, the valve 22V of the introduction pipe 22 for water or gas 6 excluding impurities as a backwash fluid, and the discharge pipe for water 9 containing insoluble impurities Keep 25 valves 25V closed.

In this state, the treated water 2 from which insoluble impurities have been removed by the filtration device 100 is formed from the inlet pipe 20 shown in FIG. 5 by the annular stock solution insulating spacer 29c and the disk separators 28a and 28b. Flow into the treated space. Then, the soluble impurities contained in the treated water 2 move in the polarity direction via the anode side separator 28b and the cathode side separator 28a by the electric field applied to the electrodes 27a and 27b. In this process, the anode side separator 28b and the cathode side separator 28a accumulates on each surface as an insoluble form of impurities. As a result, the soluble impurities contained in the treated water 2 are removed and discharged from the outlet pipe 21 as water 3.
The soluble impurities moved in the polar direction are discharged to the outside as water 7 or 8 containing soluble impurities from the discharge pipes 23 and 24 connected to the electrode liquid insulating spacers 29b and 29d.

  In the case where the voltage of the desalting tank 26 is increased due to accumulation of soluble impurities in an insoluble form on the surfaces of the disk separators 28a and 28b by the steady operation of the desalting apparatus 200 as described above. The steady operation is stopped by the operation of a voltage sensor (not shown), and the backwash operation is performed.

The backwashing operation of the desalting apparatus 200 is performed as follows, for example.
In FIG. 3, first, the valve 20V of the inlet pipe 20 for water 2 excluding insoluble impurities, the valve 21V of the outlet pipe 21 for water 3 excluding impurities, and the outlet pipe 23 for water 7 or 8 containing soluble impurities. , Close each valve 23V, 24V. On the contrary, the valve 22V of the introduction pipe 22 of the water or gas 6 from which impurities are removed and the valve 25V of the discharge pipe 25 of the water 9 containing insoluble impurities are opened.

  In this state, water or gas 6 excluding impurities at the upper part of the electrode solution insulating spacer 29 is introduced from the introduction pipe 22. The water or gas 6 from which impurities are removed permeates through the electrode solution circulation insulating spacers 29b and 29d through the separators 28a and 28b in the direction of the stock solution circulation insulation spacer 29c. The insoluble form of impurities accumulated in the material is pushed away. The impurities in the insoluble form thus peeled off are collected at the bottom by gravity sedimentation, and discharged from the discharge pipe 25 as water 9 containing insoluble impurities.

  As described above, according to the impurity removing apparatus and method according to the present embodiment, since it is not necessary to use an organic material, heat resistance, durability, or contamination resistance can be greatly improved as compared with the prior art. It becomes possible. As a result, there is no problem in treatment even with high-temperature compressed water. For example, it is applied to the removal of impurities contained in the primary system water of a nuclear power plant, the primary system water of a thermal power plant, the system water of a fuel cell, etc. be able to.

(Example 2)
Example 2 will be described with reference to FIG.
The impurity removal apparatus according to the second embodiment reverses the connection relationship between the filtration apparatus 100 and the desalting apparatus 200, and takes in the desalinating apparatus 200 that takes in the stock solution 1 and the treated water that has been treated by the desalting apparatus 200. The filter device 100 is configured.

  In the case of the second embodiment, the configurations of the desalting apparatus 200 and the filtering apparatus 100 are almost the same as those in FIG. The pipe 25 and the valve 25V for discharging the accumulated impurities in an insoluble form can be omitted. Reference numeral 30 denotes treated water from which insoluble impurities have been removed.

  In the second embodiment, in the desalination apparatus 200, impurities accumulated on the surfaces of the separators 28a and 28b and in an insoluble form can be removed by the filtration apparatus 100 connected to the subsequent stage, so that the efficiency of the system is increased. Is possible.

  In addition, in the above description, the example which combined one desalination apparatus with respect to one filtration apparatus was demonstrated, However, When installing in a nuclear power station etc., undiluted | stock solution 1 is made into several impurity removal apparatus. Input may be performed in parallel, or a plurality of desalting apparatuses 200 may be juxtaposed with respect to one filtration apparatus 100. In any case, the number of installed units is naturally determined from the relationship between the processing capability of the stock solution 1 as an impurity removing device and the processing capability between the filtration device 100 and the desalting device 200.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The schematic block diagram of the impurity removal apparatus which shows Example 1 of this invention. The state figure at the time of the backwashing operation | movement of the filtration apparatus shown in FIG. The state figure at the time of the backwashing operation | movement of the desalination apparatus shown in FIG. The schematic block diagram of the impurity removal apparatus which shows Example 2 of this invention. The expanded sectional view of the desalination apparatus shown in FIG.

Explanation of symbols

1 ... water containing impurities (stock solution), 2 ... treated water from which insoluble impurities have been removed, 3 ... treated water from which impurities have been removed, 4 ... backwash fluid (water or gas from which insoluble impurities have been removed), 5 ... Water containing insoluble impurities, 6 ... Backwash fluid (water or gas excluding impurities), 7 ... Water containing positive or negative soluble impurities, 8 ... Negative or positive soluble impurities 9 ... Water containing insoluble impurities during backwashing, 10 ... Water inlet piping containing impurities, 10V ... Valve of inlet piping, 11 ... Water outlet piping excluding insoluble impurities, 11V ... Valve of outlet pipe 11, 12 ... Introduction pipe of backwashing fluid 4, 12V ... Valve of introduction pipe 12, 13 ... Drain pipe of water containing insoluble impurities, 13V ... Valve of drain pipe 13, 14 ... Filtration Treatment tank, 15 ... Fixing base for filter, 16 ... Filter, 20 ... Water inlet pipe excluding insoluble impurities, 20V ... Inlet pipe 20 valve, 21 ... Exit water outlet pipe, 21V ... Outlet pipe 21 valve, 22 ... Backwash fluid 6 introduction pipe, 22V ... Introduction pipe 22 valve, 23 ... Positive or negative polarity 24V outlet valve, 24V outlet pipe 24 valve, 25 ... backwashing water outlet pipe, 23V ... outlet pipe 23 valve, 24 ... negative or positive solubility water outlet pipe, 24V ... outlet pipe 24 valve Discharge pipe for water containing insoluble impurities, 25V ... Valve for discharge pipe 25, 26 ... Desalination tank, 27 ... Electrode, 28 ... Separator, 29 ... Insulating spacer, 30 ... Water excluding insoluble impurities, 100 ... Filtration device, 200 ... Desalination device.

Claims (12)

An impurity removing device that takes a stock solution as water to be treated into a filtration device and performs filtration, and takes this filtered treated water into a desalting device and performs desalting treatment,
The filtration device is provided so as to communicate with a filtration treatment tank, a filter accommodated in the filtration treatment tank and separating the inside into an inlet water side compartment and an outlet water side compartment, and an inlet water side compartment of the filtration treatment tank. An inlet pipe for a raw solution that is treated water, an outlet pipe for treated water provided to communicate with an outlet water-side section of the filtration tank, and a backwash fluid for backwashing the filter A backwashing mechanism having an introduction pipe and a discharge pipe,
The desalting apparatus includes a tea-tubular desalting tank, and a disc-shaped insulating spacer for a negative electrode that is sequentially disposed in the desalting tank from one end surface to the other end surface of the desalting tank, Disc-shaped negative electrode, annular negative electrode liquid distribution insulating spacer, disk-shaped negative electrode side separator, circular processed water distribution insulating spacer, disc-shaped positive electrode side separator, annular positive electrode Insulating spacer for liquid flow, disc-shaped positive electrode, and disc-shaped positive electrode insulating spacer,
In the space part formed by the inlet pipe of the treated water and the outlet pipe of the desalted treated water provided so as to communicate with the space part formed by the insulating spacer for circulating the treated water, and the insulating electrode for circulating the negative electrode and the positive electrode liquid A discharge pipe for water containing soluble impurities provided so as to communicate, and a backwashing mechanism having a backwashing fluid introduction pipe and a discharge pipe for backwashing the negative electrode side and positive electrode side separators An impurity removal apparatus comprising:   2. The impurity removing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the filtration tank and the filter constituting the filtration device is formed of a heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant metal material.   2. The impurity removing device according to claim 1, wherein the filter constituting the filtering device is formed of a ceramic material.   2. The impurity removing device according to claim 1, wherein the filter constituting the filtering device is made of a fluoride-based material.   2. The impurity removing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the desalting tank is formed in a tea tube shape oriented in a direction orthogonal to the flow-down direction of the water to be treated.   2. The impurity removing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the desalting tank, the separator, and the insulating spacer constituting the desalting apparatus is made of a heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant metal material. 7. The impurity removing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant metal material is any of Hastelloy, stainless steel, Inconel, and titanium.   2. The impurity removing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the desalting treatment tank constituting the desalting apparatus is lined with a ceramic material.   The impurity removal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the desalination treatment tank constituting the desalination apparatus is lined with a fluoride-based material.   2. The impurity removing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the separator and the insulating spacer constituting the desalting apparatus is formed of a ceramic material.   2. The impurity removing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the separator and the insulating spacer constituting the desalting apparatus is formed of a fluoride material.   2. The impurity removing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the electrode constituting the desalting apparatus is formed of platinum or a material plated with platinum.

Images