JP4466996B2 - Sludge incineration equipment and sludge incineration method - Google Patents

Sludge incineration equipment and sludge incineration method Download PDF

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JP4466996B2
JP4466996B2 JP2004093396A JP2004093396A JP4466996B2 JP 4466996 B2 JP4466996 B2 JP 4466996B2 JP 2004093396 A JP2004093396 A JP 2004093396A JP 2004093396 A JP2004093396 A JP 2004093396A JP 4466996 B2 JP4466996 B2 JP 4466996B2
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dryer
sludge
scrubber
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隆文 山本
正樹 片岡
和由 寺腰
義之 福沢
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Tsukishima Kikai Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は、汚泥焼却設備におけるスクラバ排水の廃熱利用技術に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a technology for utilizing waste heat of scrubber wastewater in a sludge incineration facility.

下水処理場においては、脱水機で凝集剤を用いて汚泥を脱水し、この脱水汚泥を乾燥機で乾燥した後、この乾燥汚泥を焼却炉で焼却処理するとともに、焼却に伴い発生する排ガスをスクラバで水等の洗浄液と接触させて洗浄することが行われている。このスクラバの排液は、下水汚泥焼却処理システムの最終的な廃熱量の半分以上を占めるため、その有効利用が求められている。   In a sewage treatment plant, sludge is dehydrated with a flocculant in a dehydrator, and this dehydrated sludge is dried with a dryer, and then this dried sludge is incinerated in an incinerator and the exhaust gas generated by incineration is scrubbed. The cleaning is performed by contacting with a cleaning liquid such as water. This scrubber drainage accounts for more than half of the final waste heat amount of the sewage sludge incineration treatment system, and its effective use is required.

しかし、スクラバの洗浄液は焼却排ガスとの接触により高温となるものの、せいぜい６０〜８０℃までである。このため、廃熱の利用用途は限られてしまい、例えば脱水汚泥の予熱に用いる（特許文献１参照）こと等が提案されているものの、この程度の予熱では焼却炉の燃焼効率が僅かに向上するだけである。したがって、多くの現場ではスクラバの排水をそのまま棄てているのが現状である。
特許第２８４３７６２号公報 However, although the scrubber cleaning liquid becomes hot due to contact with the incineration exhaust gas, it is at most 60 to 80 ° C. For this reason, the use application of waste heat is limited, for example, although it has been proposed to use it for preheating dehydrated sludge (see Patent Document 1), the combustion efficiency of the incinerator is slightly improved with this level of preheating. Just do it. Therefore, in many sites, the wastewater from the scrubber is discarded as it is.
Japanese Patent No. 2843762

そこで、本発明の主たる課題は、焼却設備の性能を顕著に向上しうる、新規なスクラバ排水の廃熱利用技術を提供することにある。   Then, the main subject of this invention is providing the waste heat utilization technology of the scrubber waste_water | drain which can improve the performance of incineration equipment notably.

上記課題を解決した本発明は次記のとおりである。
＜請求項１記載の発明＞
汚泥を脱水機で凝集剤を用いて脱水し、この脱水汚泥を乾燥機で乾燥した後、この乾燥汚泥を焼却炉で焼却処理するとともに、焼却に伴い発生する排ガスをスクラバで洗浄液と接触させて洗浄するように構成した汚泥焼却設備であって、
前記乾燥機として、脱水汚泥と熱源との間接熱交換による加熱乾燥ならびに真空乾燥を併用する間接加熱型乾燥機を設け、
前記スクラバで排ガスとの接触により６０℃〜８０℃となった洗浄液の廃熱のみを、前記乾燥機の熱源として用い、
前記乾燥機における真空乾燥を、前記乾燥機内の気圧を１００００〜１５０００Ｐａとすることにより行うようになし、
前記乾燥機に供給される脱水汚泥の含水率を８２重量％以上、及び前記乾燥機から焼却炉に供給される乾燥汚泥の含水率を７４重量％以下となし、
前記乾燥機にて、前記脱水汚泥を前記焼却炉で自燃する程度まで乾燥するように構成した、ことを特徴とする汚泥焼却設備。 The present invention that has solved the above problems is as follows.
< Invention of Claim 1>
The sludge is dehydrated with a flocculant in a dehydrator, and this dehydrated sludge is dried with a dryer, and then this dried sludge is incinerated in an incinerator and the exhaust gas generated during incineration is brought into contact with the cleaning liquid with a scrubber. A sludge incineration facility configured to be cleaned,
As the dryer, there is provided an indirect heating type dryer that uses heat drying by indirect heat exchange between the dehydrated sludge and the heat source as well as vacuum drying,
Only waste heat of the washing solution became 60 ° C. to 80 ° C. by contact with flue gas in the scrubber, used as the heat source of the dryer,
Vacuum drying in the dryer is performed by setting the atmospheric pressure in the dryer to 10000 to 15000 Pa,
The moisture content of the dewatered sludge supplied to the dryer is 82% by weight or more, and the moisture content of the dried sludge supplied from the dryer to the incinerator is 74% by weight or less,
The sludge incineration facility , wherein the dryer is configured to dry the dewatered sludge to such an extent that it self-combusts in the incinerator.

（作用効果）
このように、焼却炉の上流側に乾燥機を設置し、スクラバ洗浄液の廃熱を乾燥機の熱源として利用することにより、単に予熱するのと比較すれば、焼却炉の燃焼効率を飛躍的に向上させることができる。なお、本発明において焼却とは燃焼、溶融、炭化を含むものである。 (Function and effect)
In this way, by installing a dryer upstream of the incinerator and using the waste heat of the scrubber cleaning liquid as a heat source for the dryer, the combustion efficiency of the incinerator is dramatically improved compared to simply preheating. Can be improved. In the present invention, incineration includes combustion, melting, and carbonization.

特に廃熱を利用して脱水汚泥を自燃レベルまで乾燥させることにより、焼却炉において燃焼継続のための燃料が不要となり、ランニングコストを顕著に低減させることができるものである。 In particular, by drying the dehydrated sludge to the self-combustion level using waste heat, fuel for continuing combustion in the incinerator becomes unnecessary, and the running cost can be significantly reduced.

本発明は、スクラバ洗浄液の廃熱の利用先として、焼却炉への投入に先立って脱水汚泥を乾燥する乾燥機を設けたものである。しかし、前述のとおり、スクラバ排水は、汚泥の乾燥熱源として用いるには温度が低く、自燃レベルまでの乾燥を行うのは困難である。この場合、仮にスクラバ排水の廃熱を汚泥の乾燥熱源として用いたとしても、乾燥が不十分な汚泥は焼却炉で自燃しないため、重油等の燃料の使用が必須になり、改善の余地がある。   The present invention is provided with a drier for drying dewatered sludge prior to being put into an incinerator as a utilization destination of the waste heat of the scrubber cleaning liquid. However, as described above, scrubber wastewater is low in temperature to be used as a drying heat source for sludge, and it is difficult to perform drying to a self-combustion level. In this case, even if the waste heat from the scrubber effluent is used as the drying heat source for sludge, sludge that is not sufficiently dried does not self-combust in the incinerator. .

そこで、本発明者らは発想を変えて、スクラバ洗浄液の廃熱という不十分な熱量利用を前提とし、それを何らかの形で補助することができれば脱水汚泥を自燃レベルまで乾燥させることも可能であると考えるに至った。しかしこの場合、乾燥のために更なる加熱を要するとなるとその熱量の調達は困難を極めた。そこで、さらに発想を転換し、熱量を要せずに乾燥を促進させ得る手段を用いれば良いとの考えに至り、本発明をなすに至ったものである。   Therefore, the present inventors changed the idea, and based on the premise that the scrubber cleaning liquid waste heat is insufficient, if it can be supported in some way, dehydrated sludge can be dried to the self-combustion level. I came to think. However, in this case, it became extremely difficult to procure the amount of heat when further heating was required for drying. Therefore, the idea has been further changed, and it has been thought that it is sufficient to use means that can accelerate drying without requiring an amount of heat, and the present invention has been made.

すなわち、本発明では、スクラバにて排ガスとの接触により高温となった洗浄液の廃熱を用いて乾燥を行うことを基本とし、その補助として、真空乾燥を併用することにより、スクラバ洗浄液の廃熱という不十分な熱量であっても、自燃レベルまで乾燥できるようにしたものである。   That is, in the present invention, drying is performed using the waste heat of the cleaning liquid that has become high temperature due to contact with the exhaust gas in the scrubber, and as a supplement, the waste heat of the scrubber cleaning liquid is obtained by using vacuum drying together. Even if it is an insufficient amount of heat, it can be dried to the self-combustion level.

本発明は、自燃レベルまでの乾燥を要求するものではないが、その乾燥能力を十分に発揮させることにより、自燃レベルまで乾燥させることもでき、従来の予熱と比較して、焼却炉における燃焼効率を顕著に向上させることができるものである。
また、スクラバから排出される洗浄液の温度は現在のところ６０〜８０℃程度が上限であるが、その排出量は非常に多い。よって真空乾燥を併用する場合において、スクラバから回収される熱量を最大限有効再利用すると、自燃領域まで乾燥させたとしても、廃熱の利用量よりも回収量が多くなる、つまり廃熱が余ってしまう。そこで、本項記載の発明では、これを逆手に取り、脱水機における脱水を従来よりも弱く行い、脱水汚泥の水分含有量を従来よりも高くし、その分だけ乾燥機における廃熱利用量を増加し、乾燥機の処理可能量を高めることにより、脱水機における凝集剤使用量を低減させようとするものである。後述の実施例からも明らかなように、本発明に従って、乾燥機に供給される脱水汚泥の含水率を８２重量％以上とし、乾燥機から焼却炉に供給される乾燥汚泥の含水率を７４重量％以下にすると、凝集剤使用量は著しく少なくて済み、ランニングコストは顕著に低下する。しかも、このレベルの脱水汚泥であっても、真空乾燥の併用により自燃レベルまで乾燥させることが可能である。
＜請求項２記載の発明＞
前記洗浄液の廃熱を、昇温せずに、前記乾燥機の唯一の熱源として用いる、請求項１の汚泥焼却設備。 Although the present invention does not require drying up to the self-combustion level, it can also be dried up to the self-combustion level by fully exhibiting its drying capacity, and compared with conventional preheating, the combustion efficiency in the incinerator Can be remarkably improved.
Moreover, although the upper limit of the temperature of the cleaning liquid discharged from the scrubber is currently about 60 to 80 ° C., the discharged amount is very large. Therefore, when combined with vacuum drying, if the amount of heat recovered from the scrubber is effectively reused as much as possible, even if it is dried to the self-combustion region, the recovered amount will be greater than the amount of waste heat used, that is, the waste heat will remain. End up. Therefore, in the invention described in this section, this is taken upside down, dewatering in the dehydrator is performed weaker than before, the moisture content of the dewatered sludge is made higher than before, and the waste heat utilization amount in the dryer is increased by that amount. It is intended to reduce the amount of flocculant used in the dehydrator by increasing and increasing the treatable amount of the dryer. As will be apparent from the examples described later, according to the present invention, the water content of the dewatered sludge supplied to the dryer is 82% by weight or more, and the water content of the dry sludge supplied from the dryer to the incinerator is 74% by weight. If it is less than%, the amount of the flocculant used can be remarkably reduced, and the running cost is remarkably reduced. Moreover, even this level of dewatered sludge can be dried to the self-combustion level by the combined use of vacuum drying.
<Invention of Claim 2>
The sludge incineration facility according to claim 1, wherein the waste heat of the cleaning liquid is used as a sole heat source of the dryer without increasing the temperature.

＜請求項３記載の発明＞
前記スクラバで排ガスとの接触により高温となった洗浄液を用いて温水を製造する温水製造手段を設け、この温水製造手段により製造される温水を前記乾燥機の熱源として供給するように構成した、請求項１又は２記載の汚泥焼却設備。 < Invention of Claim 3 >
A hot water production means for producing hot water using a cleaning liquid that has become hot due to contact with exhaust gas in the scrubber is provided, and the hot water produced by the hot water production means is configured to be supplied as a heat source for the dryer. Item 1 or 2 sludge incineration facility.

（作用効果）
間接加熱型乾燥機を用いる場合、スクラバ洗浄液の廃熱は、温水として回収して乾燥機に供給すると、効率的に且つ容易に再利用できるため好ましい。 (Function and effect)
When using an indirect heating type dryer, it is preferable that the waste heat of the scrubber cleaning liquid is recovered as warm water and supplied to the dryer because it can be efficiently and easily reused.

＜請求項４記載の発明＞
前記脱水機における脱水汚泥の含水率が最低となる最適凝集剤使用量に対し、その８０％以下の量の凝集剤を使用して前記脱水機による脱水を行う、請求項１〜３のいずれか１項に記載の汚泥焼却設備。 < Invention of Claim 4 >
To optimum flocculant usage moisture content is the lowest dewatering sludge in the dewatering machine performs dehydration by the dehydrating machine using the amount of flocculant that 80% or less, claim 1-3 The sludge incineration facility according to item 1.

（作用効果）
このように、脱水機における脱水汚泥の含水率が最低となる最適凝集剤使用量に対し、その８０％以下の量の凝集剤を使用して脱水機による脱水を行うことによって、ランニングコストを顕著に低下させることができる。 (Function and effect)
In this way, the running cost is conspicuous by performing dehydration by the dehydrator using the coagulant in an amount of not more than 80% of the optimum coagulant usage amount at which the water content of the dewatered sludge in the dehydrator is the lowest. Can be lowered.

なお、最適凝集剤使用量は、凝集剤使用量以外の脱水条件を一定にし、凝集剤使用量を変化させて脱水汚泥の含水率を多数測定し、凝集剤使用量に対する脱水汚泥含水率の変化曲線から求めることができる。具体的に凝集剤使用量を横軸、脱水汚泥含水率を縦軸にしてプロットすると、脱水汚泥含水率の変化曲線はＵ字状をなすようになるため、脱水汚泥含水率が最低となるときの凝集剤使用量により、最適凝集剤使用量を求めることができる。この曲線は、凝集剤使用量以外の脱水条件、例えば脱水機の相違や、凝集剤の種類、供給する汚泥の性状等により変化するが、どのような場合であっても、含水率が最低となる点を有するＵ字状曲線となるため、最適凝集剤使用量は求めることができる。
＜請求項５記載の発明＞
汚泥を脱水機で凝集剤を用いて脱水し、この脱水汚泥を乾燥機で乾燥した後、この乾燥汚泥を焼却炉で焼却処理するとともに、焼却に伴い発生する排ガスをスクラバで洗浄液と接触させて洗浄する汚泥焼却方法であって、
前記乾燥機として、脱水汚泥と熱源との間接熱交換による加熱乾燥ならびに真空乾燥を併用する間接加熱型乾燥機を用い、
前記スクラバで排ガスとの接触により６０℃〜８０℃となった洗浄液の廃熱のみを、前記乾燥機の熱源として用い、
前記乾燥機における真空乾燥を、前記乾燥機内の気圧を１００００〜１５０００Ｐａとすることにより行い、且つ
前記乾燥機に供給される脱水汚泥の含水率を８２重量％以上、及び前記乾燥機から焼却炉に供給される乾燥汚泥の含水率を７４重量％以下となし、
前記乾燥機にて、前記脱水汚泥を前記焼却炉で自燃する程度まで乾燥する、ことを特徴とする汚泥焼却方法。 The optimal amount of flocculant used is that the dewatering conditions other than the amount of flocculant used are kept constant, the water content of dewatered sludge is measured by changing the amount of flocculant used, and the change in water content of dewatered sludge relative to the amount of flocculant used. It can be obtained from a curve. Specifically, when the amount of flocculant used is plotted on the horizontal axis and the dehydrated sludge moisture content is plotted on the vertical axis, the change curve of the dehydrated sludge moisture content becomes U-shaped. The optimum amount of flocculant used can be determined from the amount of flocculant used. This curve changes depending on the dehydration conditions other than the amount of coagulant used, such as the difference in dehydrators, the type of coagulant, the properties of the sludge to be supplied, etc. Therefore, the optimum use amount of the flocculant can be obtained.
<Invention of Claim 5>
The sludge is dehydrated with a flocculant in a dehydrator, and this dehydrated sludge is dried with a dryer, and then this dried sludge is incinerated in an incinerator and the exhaust gas generated during incineration is brought into contact with the cleaning liquid with a scrubber. A method of incineration of sludge to be cleaned,
As the dryer, an indirect heating type dryer that uses in combination heat drying and vacuum drying by indirect heat exchange between dehydrated sludge and a heat source,
Only the waste heat of the cleaning liquid that has become 60 ° C. to 80 ° C. due to contact with exhaust gas in the scrubber is used as the heat source of the dryer,
Vacuum drying in the dryer is performed by setting the atmospheric pressure in the dryer to 10000-15000 Pa, and
The moisture content of the dewatered sludge supplied to the dryer is 82% by weight or more, and the moisture content of the dried sludge supplied from the dryer to the incinerator is 74% by weight or less,
The sludge incineration method, wherein the dewatered sludge is dried to the extent that it is self-combusted in the incinerator.

以上のとおり本発明によれば、スクラバ排水の廃熱を利用して、焼却設備の性能を顕著に向上させることができる。   As described above, according to the present invention, the performance of the incineration facility can be remarkably improved by utilizing the waste heat of the scrubber waste water.

以下、本発明の一実施形態について添付図面を参照しながら詳説する。
図１は、本発明に係る焼却設備例のフロー図を示している。脱水機１で凝集剤を用いて脱水された汚泥はホッパ１０内に一時的に貯留され、このホッパ１０内からポンプ等の圧送装置Ｐ１により乾燥機２に供給され、乾燥機２で乾燥された後、焼却炉３で焼却処理される構成となっている。また、焼却に伴い発生する排ガスは、焼却炉３から熱交換器、バグフィルタ、サイクロン等の集塵機９を経てスクラバ４に対して送られ、水等の洗浄液と接触されて洗浄された後、図示しない煙突から大気に放出されるようになっている。 Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a flow diagram of an example of an incineration facility according to the present invention. The sludge dehydrated using the flocculant in the dehydrator 1 is temporarily stored in the hopper 10, supplied from the hopper 10 to the dryer 2 by a pumping device P <b> 1 such as a pump, and dried in the dryer 2. Thereafter, the incinerator 3 is incinerated. Further, the exhaust gas generated by incineration is sent from the incinerator 3 to the scrubber 4 through a dust collector 9 such as a heat exchanger, a bag filter, and a cyclone, and after contacted with a cleaning liquid such as water and cleaned, The chimney is not released into the atmosphere.

乾燥機２としては、脱水汚泥と熱源との間接熱交換により加熱乾燥する間接加熱型乾燥機を好適に用いることができ、中でも、円筒もしくは溝型攪拌乾燥機が特に好適である。このタイプの乾燥機は、円筒または溝型容器２ａ中に、長手方向に沿って回転軸２ｂを設け、この回転軸２ｂに攪拌翼２ｃを設け、かつこの攪拌翼２ｃ中に乾燥熱媒を通して翼面を加熱面としたものであり、容器２ａの一端部から供給された対象物を回転する攪拌翼２ｃによって攪拌及び加熱乾燥しながら他端側の排出口へ移送し、排出させるものであり、汚泥の連続乾燥に適したものである。   As the drier 2, an indirect heating type drier that heats and dries by indirect heat exchange between the dewatered sludge and the heat source can be suitably used, and among them, a cylindrical or groove type agitating drier is particularly suitable. In this type of dryer, a rotary shaft 2b is provided along a longitudinal direction in a cylindrical or grooved container 2a, a stirring blade 2c is provided on the rotary shaft 2b, and a drying heat medium is passed through the stirring blade 2c. The surface is a heating surface, the object supplied from one end of the container 2a is transferred to the discharge port on the other end side while being stirred and heated and dried by the rotating stirring blade 2c, and discharged. Suitable for continuous drying of sludge.

スクラバ４としては、洗浄液を用いて洗浄を行うものであり、ガスと液との接触面積を大きくするための充填物を内蔵する充填式、多孔板上に水膜を形成し、そこにガスを通過させる多孔板式の他、スプレー塔式、ベンチュリ式等があり、いずれも用いることができるが、可能な限り洗浄液が高温になるものが好ましく、スプレー塔式スクラバが好適に用いられる。スクラバから排出される洗浄液（所謂スクラバ排水）の温度は６０℃〜８０℃である。図示形態では、排出される洗浄液を間接熱交換器５に通し、次述するように温水製造に利用した後、再び洗浄液として循環利用するように構成されている。   The scrubber 4 performs cleaning using a cleaning liquid, and is a filling type with a built-in packing for increasing the contact area between the gas and the liquid. A water film is formed on the perforated plate, and the gas is supplied there. In addition to the perforated plate type, there are spray tower type, venturi type and the like, and any of them can be used. However, it is preferable that the cleaning liquid becomes as high as possible, and a spray tower type scrubber is preferably used. The temperature of the cleaning liquid discharged from the scrubber (so-called scrubber wastewater) is 60 ° C to 80 ° C. In the illustrated embodiment, the discharged cleaning liquid is passed through the indirect heat exchanger 5 and used for hot water production as will be described below, and then circulated and reused as the cleaning liquid.

本実施形態では、スクラバ４で排ガスとの接触により高温となった洗浄液は、乾燥機２の乾燥熱媒としての温水を製造するために用いられる。このため、本実施形態では、水貯留槽６を設け、その貯留水を間接熱交換器５に供給し、スクラバ４から排出される洗浄液との間接熱交換により加熱し温水とした後、乾燥機２に供給するようになっている。製造した温水の温度は洗浄液の温度に対して放熱分低下するが、その低下幅は２〜４℃となるように構成するのが好ましい。乾燥機２で乾燥に利用され低温となった水は、図示形態のように、水貯留槽６に返送し、循環利用するのが好ましい。   In the present embodiment, the cleaning liquid that has become hot due to contact with the exhaust gas in the scrubber 4 is used to produce hot water as a drying heat medium for the dryer 2. For this reason, in this embodiment, the water storage tank 6 is provided, the stored water is supplied to the indirect heat exchanger 5, heated by indirect heat exchange with the cleaning liquid discharged from the scrubber 4, and then heated to a dryer. 2 is supplied. Although the temperature of the manufactured hot water is reduced by the amount of heat release with respect to the temperature of the cleaning liquid, it is preferable that the decrease is 2 to 4 ° C. It is preferable that the water that has been used for drying by the dryer 2 and becomes a low temperature is returned to the water storage tank 6 and circulated as shown in the figure.

さらに、脱水汚泥を自燃レベルまで乾燥させるために、乾燥機２内の気圧を低下させるための真空吸引手段が設けられている。具体的に図示形態では、乾燥機２内で発生する排ガス（脱水汚泥から除去された水分を主体とする）を真空ポンプ７で吸引するように構成している。この場合、排ガスは除湿装置８を介して除湿した後焼却炉３に供給し、燃焼空気とするのが好ましい。除湿装置８は特に限定されないが、スクラバやミストセパレータを好適に使用することができる。真空ポンプ７による吸引の度合い（乾燥機内の気圧）は、温水による加熱条件や乾燥機２の処理量、脱水汚泥の水分量等を考慮して、１００００〜１５０００Ｐａとされる。 Furthermore, in order to dry the dewatered sludge to the self-combustion level, a vacuum suction means for reducing the atmospheric pressure in the dryer 2 is provided. Specifically, in the illustrated form, exhaust gas (mainly water removed from dehydrated sludge) generated in the dryer 2 is sucked by the vacuum pump 7. In this case, the exhaust gas is preferably dehumidified via the dehumidifier 8 and then supplied to the incinerator 3 to form combustion air. The dehumidifier 8 is not particularly limited, but a scrubber or a mist separator can be preferably used. The degree of suction by the vacuum pump 7 (atmospheric pressure in the dryer) is set to 10000 to 15000 Pa in consideration of the heating conditions with warm water, the processing amount of the dryer 2, the moisture content of the dewatered sludge, and the like.

かくして構成された焼却設備では、乾燥機２内を真空吸引することにより乾燥機２内の気圧を低下させた状態で、製造した温水を乾燥機２の熱源として供給することにより、脱水汚泥を、例えば焼却炉３で自燃するレベルまで乾燥させることができ、スクラバ排水の廃熱利用が可能となるだけでなく、顕著な省エネルギー化を図ることができる。また、乾燥機２内を真空吸引するため、臭気が発生し難くなる、乾燥機２が圧力容器とならずボイラ技師が不要となる等の副次的メリットももたらされる。   In the incineration equipment thus configured, the dehydrated sludge is supplied by supplying the produced hot water as a heat source of the dryer 2 in a state where the pressure inside the dryer 2 is reduced by vacuum suction inside the dryer 2. For example, the incinerator 3 can be dried to a level where it can burn itself, and not only can waste heat from the scrubber wastewater be used, but also significant energy savings can be achieved. Moreover, since the inside of the dryer 2 is vacuum-sucked, odors are less likely to be generated, and secondary merits such as that the dryer 2 is not a pressure vessel and a boiler engineer is unnecessary are brought about.

なお、本発明では、上述のように真空乾燥を併用するとともに、乾燥機２に供給される脱水汚泥の含水率を８２重量％以上とし、乾燥機２から焼却炉３に供給される乾燥汚泥の含水率を７４重量％以下とする。脱水汚泥の含水率が８２重量％未満の場合、乾燥汚泥の含水率を７４重量％以下とするのに必要となる乾燥機２での温水利用量は、通常の焼却設備におけるスクラバ廃熱を最大限有効利用した場合の温水製造量よりも多くなる。そこで、上記のように乾燥機における乾燥負荷を従来よりも高く設定し、乾燥機２の温水利用量を増加して乾燥機２の処理能力を高めるとともに、その分だけ、脱水機１の脱水負荷を少なく設定すると、脱水機１における凝集剤使用量を飛躍的に少なくすることができる。この凝集剤使用量の削減量は汚泥性状や凝集剤の種類にもよるが、通常の場合であれば２０％までは略確実に削減できる、換言すれば、凝集剤の使用量を従来の８０％以下にすることができる。しかも、この程度であれば、脱水性能が低下したとしても、乾燥機において真空乾燥の併用により自燃レベルまで乾燥させることができる。 In the present invention, together with a combination of vacuum drying, as described above, the water content of the dewatered sludge supplied to the dryer 2 and 82 wt% or more, of the dry sludge is supplied from the dryer 2 to the incinerator 3 The water content is set to 74% by weight or less. When the moisture content of the dewatered sludge is less than 82% by weight, the amount of hot water used in the dryer 2 that is required to reduce the moisture content of the dried sludge to 74% by weight or less maximizes the scrubber waste heat in a normal incinerator. It becomes more than the amount of hot water produced when it is effectively used. Therefore, as described above, the drying load in the dryer is set higher than before, the hot water usage of the dryer 2 is increased to increase the processing capacity of the dryer 2, and the dehydration load of the dehydrator 1 is increased accordingly. If it is set to be small, the amount of the flocculant used in the dehydrator 1 can be drastically reduced. Although the amount of the flocculant used depends on the sludge properties and the type of flocculant, it can be almost certainly reduced to 20% in a normal case. In other words, the amount of flocculant used can be reduced to 80% of the conventional amount. % Or less. And if it is this grade, even if spin-drying | dehydration performance falls, it can be made to dry to a self-combustion level by combined use of vacuum drying in a dryer.

図２に示すように乾燥機２、真空ポンプ７及び熱交換器５等の乾燥関連機器を有しない従来設備（従来例。符号は図１と共通。）と、図１に示すものと同様の本発明に係る設備（実施例）とで、ランニングコスト（２４時間連続運転、年間稼働日数：３００日間）を算出し比較した。なお、各設備の運転条件は下記のとおりである。比較結果を表１に示す。表１に示すように、本発明により約３０％のランニングコスト削減が可能である。   As shown in FIG. 2, the conventional equipment (conventional example, the code is common to FIG. 1) which does not have drying related equipment such as the dryer 2, the vacuum pump 7 and the heat exchanger 5, and the same as that shown in FIG. The running cost (24-hour continuous operation, annual working days: 300 days) was calculated and compared with the facility (Example) according to the present invention. The operating conditions for each facility are as follows. The comparison results are shown in Table 1. As shown in Table 1, the present invention can reduce running costs by about 30%.

（従来例）
焼却炉処理量：１００ｔ／日
脱水ケーキ水分：７８％
固形分：２２％
補助燃料使用量（都市ガス）：９０ｍ3 N／ｈ (Conventional example)
Incinerator throughput: 100t / day Dehydrated cake moisture: 78%
Solid content: 22%
Auxiliary fuel consumption (city gas): 90 m 3 N / h

（実施例）
焼却炉処理量：８１ｔ／日
脱水ケーキ水分：８３％
固形分：２７％
脱水ケーキ温度：２０℃
乾燥ケーキ水分：７３％
乾燥ケーキ温度：５０℃
スクラバ排水温度：７５℃
温水温度：７３℃
水貯留槽の貯留水温度：４３℃
乾燥機内圧：１１９９９Ｐａ (Example)
Incinerator throughput: 81t / day Dehydrated cake moisture: 83%
Solid content: 27%
Dehydrated cake temperature: 20 ° C
Dry cake moisture: 73%
Dry cake temperature: 50 ° C
Scrubber drain temperature: 75 ℃
Hot water temperature: 73 ° C
Reservoir temperature in the water storage tank: 43 ° C
Dryer internal pressure: 11999Pa

Figure 0004466996
Figure 0004466996

また、凝集剤および重油の使用量が削減されることによる、処理場からのＣＯ2排出量の削減効果を算出した。なお、凝集剤のＣＯ2排出係数（すなわち単位凝集剤使用量あたりの排出ＣＯ2量）は６５３４ｋｇ／ｔとし、都市ガスのＣＯ2排出係数（すなわち単位凝集剤使用量あたりの排出ＣＯ2量）は１．９９ｋｇ／Ｎｍ3とした。また、凝集剤使用量は０．０８６４ｔ／日とし、都市ガス使用量は２１６０Ｎｍ3／日とした。その結果は下記のとおりとなり、本発明によって処理場からのＣＯ2排出量を大幅に削減できることが判明した。 Further, due to the fact that the amount of aggregating agent and heavy oil is reduced, to calculate the effect of reducing CO 2 emissions from treatment plants. The CO 2 emission coefficient of the flocculant (that is, the amount of CO 2 discharged per unit flocculant used) is 6534 kg / t, and the CO 2 emission coefficient of the city gas (that is, the amount of CO 2 discharged per unit flocculant used) Was 1.99 kg / Nm 3 . The amount of the flocculant used was 0.0864 t / day, and the amount of city gas used was 2160 Nm 3 / day. The results are as follows, and it has been found that the present invention can significantly reduce CO 2 emission from the treatment plant.

（本発明によるＣＯ2排出量削減量）
凝集剤 ：５６２ｋｇ／日
都市ガス：４２９８．４ｋｇ／日 (CO 2 emission reduction amount according to the present invention)
Flocculant: 562 kg / day City gas: 4298.4 kg / day

本発明は、下水汚泥の焼却設備に適用されるものである。   The present invention is applied to an incineration facility for sewage sludge.

本発明に係る焼却設備のフロー図である。It is a flowchart of the incineration equipment concerning the present invention. 従来の焼却設備のフロー図である。It is a flowchart of the conventional incineration equipment.

１…脱水機、２…乾燥機、３…焼却炉、４…スクラバ、５…間接熱交換器、６…水貯留槽、７…真空ポンプ、８…除湿装置。   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Dehydrator, 2 ... Dryer, 3 ... Incinerator, 4 ... Scrubber, 5 ... Indirect heat exchanger, 6 ... Water storage tank, 7 ... Vacuum pump, 8 ... Dehumidifier.

Claims (5)

汚泥を脱水機で凝集剤を用いて脱水し、この脱水汚泥を乾燥機で乾燥した後、この乾燥汚泥を焼却炉で焼却処理するとともに、焼却に伴い発生する排ガスをスクラバで洗浄液と接触させて洗浄するように構成した汚泥焼却設備であって、
前記乾燥機として、脱水汚泥と熱源との間接熱交換による加熱乾燥ならびに真空乾燥を併用する間接加熱型乾燥機を設け、
前記スクラバで排ガスとの接触により６０℃〜８０℃となった洗浄液の廃熱のみを、前記乾燥機の熱源として用い、
前記乾燥機における真空乾燥を、前記乾燥機内の気圧を１００００〜１５０００Ｐａとすることにより行うようになし、且つ
前記乾燥機に供給される脱水汚泥の含水率を８２重量％以上、及び前記乾燥機から焼却炉に供給される乾燥汚泥の含水率を７４重量％以下となし、
前記乾燥機にて、前記脱水汚泥を前記焼却炉で自燃する程度まで乾燥するように構成した、ことを特徴とする汚泥焼却設備。 The sludge is dehydrated with a flocculant in a dehydrator, and this dehydrated sludge is dried with a dryer, and then this dried sludge is incinerated in an incinerator and the exhaust gas generated during incineration is brought into contact with the cleaning liquid with a scrubber. A sludge incineration facility configured to be cleaned,
As the dryer, there is provided an indirect heating type dryer that uses heat drying by indirect heat exchange between the dehydrated sludge and the heat source as well as vacuum drying,
Only waste heat of the washing solution became 60 ° C. to 80 ° C. by contact with flue gas in the scrubber, used as the heat source of the dryer,
Vacuum drying in the dryer is performed by setting the atmospheric pressure in the dryer to 10000-15000 Pa, and
The moisture content of the dewatered sludge supplied to the dryer is 82% by weight or more, and the moisture content of the dried sludge supplied from the dryer to the incinerator is 74% by weight or less,
The sludge incineration facility , wherein the dryer is configured to dry the dewatered sludge to such an extent that it self-combusts in the incinerator. 前記洗浄液の廃熱を、昇温せずに、前記乾燥機の唯一の熱源として用いる、請求項１の汚泥焼却設備。 The sludge incineration facility according to claim 1 , wherein the waste heat of the cleaning liquid is used as a sole heat source of the dryer without increasing the temperature . 前記スクラバで排ガスとの接触により高温となった洗浄液を用いて温水を製造する温水製造手段を設け、この温水製造手段により製造される温水を前記乾燥機の熱源として供給するように構成した、請求項１又は２記載の汚泥焼却設備。 A hot water production means for producing hot water using a cleaning liquid that has become hot due to contact with exhaust gas in the scrubber is provided, and the hot water produced by the hot water production means is configured to be supplied as a heat source for the dryer. Item 1 or 2 sludge incineration facility. 前記脱水機における脱水汚泥の含水率が最低となる最適凝集剤使用量に対し、その８０％以下の量の凝集剤を使用して前記脱水機による脱水を行う、請求項１〜３のいずれか１項に記載の汚泥焼却設備。 To optimum flocculant usage moisture content is the lowest dewatering sludge in the dewatering machine performs dehydration by the dehydrating machine using the amount of flocculant that 80% or less, claim 1-3 The sludge incineration facility according to item 1. 汚泥を脱水機で凝集剤を用いて脱水し、この脱水汚泥を乾燥機で乾燥した後、この乾燥汚泥を焼却炉で焼却処理するとともに、焼却に伴い発生する排ガスをスクラバで洗浄液と接触させて洗浄する汚泥焼却方法であって、The sludge is dehydrated with a flocculant in a dehydrator, and this dehydrated sludge is dried with a dryer, and then this dried sludge is incinerated in an incinerator and the exhaust gas generated during incineration is brought into contact with the cleaning liquid with a scrubber. A method of incineration of sludge to be cleaned,
前記乾燥機として、脱水汚泥と熱源との間接熱交換による加熱乾燥ならびに真空乾燥を併用する間接加熱型乾燥機を用い、As the dryer, an indirect heating type dryer that uses in combination heat drying and vacuum drying by indirect heat exchange between dehydrated sludge and a heat source,
前記スクラバで排ガスとの接触により６０℃〜８０℃となった洗浄液の廃熱のみを、前記乾燥機の熱源として用い、Only the waste heat of the cleaning liquid that has become 60 ° C. to 80 ° C. due to contact with exhaust gas in the scrubber is used as the heat source of the dryer,
前記乾燥機における真空乾燥を、前記乾燥機内の気圧を１００００〜１５０００Ｐａとすることにより行い、且つVacuum drying in the dryer is performed by setting the atmospheric pressure in the dryer to 10000-15000 Pa, and
前記乾燥機に供給される脱水汚泥の含水率を８２重量％以上、及び前記乾燥機から焼却炉に供給される乾燥汚泥の含水率を７４重量％以下となし、The moisture content of the dewatered sludge supplied to the dryer is 82% by weight or more, and the moisture content of the dried sludge supplied from the dryer to the incinerator is 74% by weight or less,
前記乾燥機にて、前記脱水汚泥を前記焼却炉で自燃する程度まで乾燥する、ことを特徴とする汚泥焼却方法。The sludge incineration method, wherein the dewatered sludge is dried to the extent that it is self-combusted in the incinerator.
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