JP4418257B2 - Submersible and temperature difference power generation method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a temperature difference power generation device, a diving machine, and a temperature difference power generation method, and more particularly, to a temperature difference power generation device mounted on a ship, a temperature difference power generation method using the temperature difference power generation device, and a diving machine to which these are applied.

  A submersible equipped with a fuel cell as a power source is known. For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-18185 discloses a technology of a fuel cell-mounted deep sea diving research ship operation system. The fuel cell-equipped deep sea diving research ship operation system of this technology consists of a deep sea diving research ship and a support mother ship of the research ship. The deep-sea diving research ship includes a propulsion device, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, a high-pressure hydrogen gas cylinder and a high-pressure oxygen gas cylinder, a generated water tank, and a control device for the fuel cell. The propulsion device operates by receiving power. The polymer electrolyte fuel cell supplies electric power to the propulsion device. The high-pressure hydrogen gas cylinder and the high-pressure oxygen gas cylinder supply hydrogen gas and oxygen gas to the fuel cell, respectively. The generated water tank guides the generated water in the fuel cell and stores it in the ship. The support mother ship includes a water splitting device that generates hydrogen gas and oxygen gas for replenishing the high-pressure hydrogen gas cylinder and the high-pressure oxygen gas cylinder, respectively. In a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, heat is generally generated with power generation. The deep-sea diving research ship in this system exhausts the heat of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell from the radiator to the outside of the ship.

  Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-187595 discloses a technology of a hydrogen generator for a submersible. The hydrogen generator for a diving machine of this technology generates hydrogen by bringing a metal hydride into contact with a hydrogen generation accelerator in a hydrogen supply generator such as a fuel cell used as a power source for the diving machine. At least one of the metal hydride or the hydrogen generation accelerator is in a liquid state. A container in which the liquid state is stored is disposed in the machine. The pressure is almost equalized to the water pressure outside the machine. The exhaust heat of the fuel cell in the submersible is used for heating or temperature control of the hydrogen generation accelerator in this apparatus.

  On the other hand, the Rankine cycle is known as one of the thermal cycles used for power generation. FIG. 4 is a graph (Pv diagram) showing the relationship between the pressure and volume of the working fluid in the Rankine cycle. The vertical axis represents the pressure of the working fluid, and the horizontal axis represents the volume of the working fluid. The Rankine cycle when the working fluid is water (steam) will be described below. In FIG. 4, the working fluid in the state <03> is superheated steam. In process <c>, work is performed while adiabatic expansion. For example, the turbine is rotated. As a result, the generator coupled to the turbine generates electricity. The working fluid in the state <04> that has undergone the process <c> is wet steam. In the process <d>, isobaric cooling is performed. The working fluid in the state <01> that has undergone the process <d> is saturated water. Adiabatic compression is performed in the process <a>. The working fluid in the state <02> that has undergone the process <a> is pressurized water. In the process <b>, isobaric heating, evaporation and superheating are performed. The working fluid that has undergone the process <b> becomes the state <03> again. Power generation is performed by such a cycle of change of the working fluid. In this cycle, since the liquid is compressed, there is an advantage that the compression power is small, and the improved cycle is used for the steam turbine.

  A technique in which such a Rankine cycle is combined with another power generation system is disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 5-12603. The combined power generation device of this technology includes a power generation unit, a high-temperature heat storage tank, a steam generator, a preheater, a steam engine, a generator, a condenser, and a cooler. The power generation unit generates power using an internal combustion engine or a fuel cell as a drive source. The high-temperature heat storage tank stores high-level exhaust heat output from the power generation unit. The steam generator takes out heat from the high-temperature heat storage tank and vaporizes the working medium that operates the steam engine. The preheater collects low-level exhaust heat output from the power generation unit to preheat the working medium. The steam engine is operated by steam generated from the steam generator. The generator generates power using this steam engine as a drive source. The condenser cools and liquefies the return steam from the steam engine. The cooler cools this condenser. This apparatus uses the exhaust heat of the fuel cell to preheat or vaporize the working medium.

  Ships, especially submersibles, are required to continue as many activities as possible after leaving the port or mother ship that is the base of their activities. That is, it is required to extend the duration of the power supplied to the device and to extend the cruising distance. To cope with this, it is conceivable to use energy efficiently or to install more fuel. However, the equipment and fuel that can be mounted on the submersible are limited in terms of volume and weight. Therefore, if more fuel is to be loaded, it is necessary to increase the buoyancy of the submersible in accordance with the weight of the added fuel. In order to increase buoyancy, it is necessary to enlarge the submersible. If this happens, more power will be required, and it will be necessary to add more fuel and equipment.

  As described above, it is not always an effective means to increase the size or weight of the submarine when extending the duration or range of power. Rather, it is more effective means to improve the energy efficiency while reducing the size and weight. A technique capable of improving the energy efficiency of a ship, particularly a submersible, is desired. Technology to reduce the size and weight of the submersible is required. Technology that extends the duration of electric power and cruising distance is required.

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 5-12603 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-181685 JP 2002-187595 A

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a temperature difference power generation apparatus and a temperature difference power generation method capable of improving energy efficiency in a ship, particularly a diving machine, and a diving machine to which these are applied.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a temperature difference power generation apparatus and a temperature difference power generation method that improve the space utilization efficiency in the diving machine, and a diving machine to which these are applied.

  Still another object of the present invention is to provide a temperature difference power generation apparatus and a temperature difference power generation method capable of reducing the size and weight of a diving machine, and a diving machine to which these are applied.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a temperature difference power generation apparatus and a temperature difference power generation method capable of extending the duration time and cruising distance of a diving machine, and a diving machine to which these are applied.

  Hereinafter, means for solving the problem will be described using the numbers and symbols used in the best mode for carrying out the invention. These numbers and symbols are added in parentheses in order to clarify the correspondence between the description of the claims and the best mode for carrying out the invention. However, these numbers and symbols should not be used for interpreting the technical scope of the invention described in the claims.

Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the temperature difference power generation device of the present invention is a temperature difference power generation device (30) mounted on a ship (1), and includes a pump (35) and a heat exchange section (31) for heating. ), A turbine (32), a heat exchange part for heat radiation (34), and a generator (33). The pump (35) raises the pressure (<a>) of the working fluid that is in the first state (<01>) of the liquid phase to the second state (<02>) of the liquid phase. The heating heat exchanging section (31) raises the temperature (<b>) of the working fluid in the second state (<02>) to the gas phase third state (<03>). The turbine (32) expands (<c>) the working fluid in the third state (<03>) to the fourth state (<04>) in the gas phase. The heat dissipation heat exchanging section (34) lowers the temperature (<d>) of the working fluid in the fourth state (<04>) to the first state (<01>). The generator (33) is connected to the turbine (32) and generates power. The heating heat exchanging section (31) raises the temperature of the working fluid by exchanging heat with the exhaust heat of the fuel cell (13) mounted on the ship (1).
The temperature difference power generation device (30) of the present invention performs adiabatic compression as pressure increase, performs isobaric heating, evaporation and superheating as temperature rise, performs adiabatic expansion as expansion, and isobaric cooling as temperature decrease, At (32), the energy is extracted and power is generated. And since the exhaust heat of the fuel cell (13) mounted in the ship is used, the efficiency of the electric power generation including the fuel cell (13) in the ship (1) can be improved. In addition, since the exhaust heat of the fuel cell system (10) is transported by cooling water for cooling the fuel cell (13), an existing pump (28) or the like can be used. Thereby, compared with the case where a power generation device is simply introduced, the power consumption and volume of the pump and the like are reduced, and the power efficiency and the space utilization efficiency are improved.

In the above-described temperature difference power generation device, the heat dissipation heat exchanging section (34) lowers the temperature of the working fluid by heat exchange with water around the ship (1) flowing in at least one of the inside and outside of the ship (1).
In the present invention, water that flows around the ship (1) or water that flows into the ship is used during the isobaric cooling. This eliminates the need for a pump for circulating a cooling medium (water) for cooling. Therefore, compared with a case where a power generation device is simply introduced, the power consumption and volume of the pump and the like are small, and the power efficiency and space utilization efficiency are improved. Examples of the water include lake water, water flowing through a river, and sea water (seawater). They may be water flowing around the ship (1) or water in an area where the water (1) provided to the ship (1) can flow in and out.

In the above temperature difference power generation device, the working fluid changes from the fourth state (<04>) to the first state (<01>) at a temperature higher than the temperature of the water.
In the present invention, if the working fluid can change its state at a temperature higher than the temperature of water, it is not necessary to prepare a structure for further cooling the working fluid, the structure is simplified, and the space utilization efficiency is improved. To do.

In the above-described temperature difference power generation device, the ship (1) is a diving machine (1).
In the present invention, since the submersible (1) navigates in seawater, seawater can be used as water. In the area where the submersible (1) is submerged, the seawater temperature is lower and the cooling efficiency is improved. In addition, since the temperature difference between the working fluids can be increased, the power generation efficiency can be improved.

In the above temperature difference power generator, the fuel cell (13) is a solid polymer fuel cell. The working fluid changes from the second state (<02>) to the third state (<03>) at a temperature lower than the operating temperature of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (13).
In the present invention, if the working fluid can change its state at a temperature lower than the operating temperature of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (13), a heat source is required in addition to the exhaust heat of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (13). In addition, the structure is simplified and the space utilization efficiency is improved.

In the above temperature difference power generation device, the first state (<01>) is a first pressure, a first temperature, and a first volume. The second state (<02>) is the second pressure, the second temperature, and the second volume. The third state (<03>) is the third pressure, the third temperature, and the third volume. The fourth state (<04>) is the fourth pressure, the fourth temperature, and the fourth volume. The first pressure and the fourth pressure are approximately equal, and the second pressure and the third pressure are approximately equal and equal to or higher than the first pressure and the fourth pressure. The first temperature and the fourth temperature are substantially equal, the second temperature is a temperature equal to or higher than the first temperature and the fourth temperature, and the third temperature is a temperature equal to or higher than the second temperature. The first volume and the second volume are substantially equal, the third volume is a volume greater than or equal to the first volume and the second volume, and the fourth volume is a volume greater than or equal to the third volume.
In the present invention, in such a state, Rankine cycle power generation can be efficiently performed.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the diving machine (1) of the present invention includes a fuel cell (13) and the temperature difference power generation device (30).
The submarine (1) of the present invention has improved energy efficiency and space utilization efficiency, can be made smaller and lighter, and can extend the duration of electric power and the cruising distance.

  In order to solve the above problems, a temperature difference power generation method of the present invention is a temperature difference power generation method using a temperature difference power generation device (30) mounted on a submersible (1), and includes steps (a) to (e). It has. In the step (a), the working fluid that is in the first state (<01>) in the liquid phase is pressurized (<a>) to the second state (<02>) in the liquid phase. (B) The step raises the temperature (<b>) of the working fluid in the second state (<02>) by the exhaust heat of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (13) mounted on the submersible (1). The gas phase is changed to the third state (<03>). In step (c), the working fluid in the third state (<03>) is expanded (<c>) to be in the fourth state (<04>) in the gas phase. In step (d), power is generated based on the energy released when the working fluid expands. (E) The step is to lower the temperature (<d>) of the working fluid in the fourth state (<04>) by the heat exchange with the seawater flowing in at least one of the inside and outside of the submersible (1), and the liquid phase To the first state (<01>).

  In the above temperature difference power generation method, the working fluid changes from the fourth state (<04>) to the first state (<01>) at a temperature higher than the temperature of the seawater. In addition, the second state (<02>) is changed to the third state (<03>) at a temperature lower than the operating temperature of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (13).

  According to the present invention, it is possible to improve energy efficiency and space utilization efficiency in a ship, particularly a diving machine, and to reduce the size and weight of the diving machine. Thereby, it becomes possible to extend the electric power duration and cruising distance of the submersible.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of a temperature difference power generation apparatus, a temperature difference power generation method, and a submarine to which the temperature difference power generation method is applied will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In this embodiment, a submarine will be described, but the temperature difference power generation apparatus and the temperature difference power generation method of the present invention can be applied to other ships.

  First, an embodiment of the diving machine of the present invention will be described. This submersible applies the temperature difference power generation apparatus and the temperature difference power generation method of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration in the embodiment of the diving machine of the present invention. The submersible 1 includes a cockpit 2, a front sonar 5, a transceiver 6, an electric propulsion device 7, a projector 8, a viewing window 9, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell system 10, and a power distribution unit 17.

  The operator of the cockpit 2 of the pressure vessel (shell) controls the diving machine 1 while illuminating the front with the projector 8 and referring to the field of view from the front search sonar 5 and the viewing window 9. The diving machine 1 sails by supplying the electric power of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell system 10 to the electric propulsion device 7 through the power distribution unit 17. The diving machine 1 can communicate with the outside (for example, a mother ship on the ocean) by the transceiver 6.

  The polymer electrolyte fuel cell system 10 includes a fuel supply unit 11, an oxidant supply unit 12, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell main body 13, a fuel cell control device 14, a generated water tank 15, and a temperature difference power generation device 30. Each of them is housed in a pressure vessel (shell). The components are connected by fluid piping and wiring piping through valves (not shown in the figure).

  The main structure including the polymer electrolyte fuel cell system 10 and the cockpit 2 in the diving machine 1 is the one around the diving machine 1 except for the pipes and valves except those housed in a pressure vessel (shell). It has the same pressure as seawater. That is, the main structure of a normal diving machine is stored at a predetermined pressure (eg, atmospheric pressure) inside one pressure vessel (shell) that constitutes the outermost shell. However, this submersible machine 1 has the main components housed in independent pressure vessels (shells). And in the area | region other than that in the submersible 1, it is in the condition where seawater can enter (enter and exit). Therefore, since it is not necessary to make the outermost shell a pressure vessel (shell), it is not necessary to increase the strength and the thickness can be reduced. Thereby, the diving machine 1 can be reduced in weight. In addition, the size of each pressure vessel (shell) can be reduced. That is, although the number of pressure vessels (shells) increases, since they are small and lightweight, the diving machine 1 is made small and light as a whole as compared with the case where all are contained in one pressure vessel (shell). be able to.

The polymer electrolyte fuel cell system 10 will be further described.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell system in the embodiment of the diving machine of the present invention. Specifically, the polymer electrolyte fuel cell system 10 includes a fuel supply unit 11, a pressure regulating valve 11a, a fuel humidifier 19, a cooling water tank 20, fuel pipes 22-1 to 22-3, and a cooling water pipe 24-1. -24-3, liquid feed pump 28, oxidant supply unit 12, pressure regulating valve 12a, oxidant humidifier 18, product water tank 15, oxidant piping 23-1 to 23-3, product water piping 25, solid height A molecular fuel cell main body 13, a fuel cell control device 14, and a temperature difference power generation device 30 are provided.

  The polymer electrolyte fuel cell main body 13 includes an electrolyte membrane 13a, an anode 13b provided on one side of the electrolyte membrane 13a, and a cathode 13c provided on the other side. The fuel cell control device 14 controls the operation of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell system 10.

  The fuel supply unit 11 supplies a fuel gas such as hydrogen to the anode 13 b of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell main body 13. The fuel supply unit 11 is exemplified by a high-pressure hydrogen gas cylinder, a hydrogen supply system using a hydrogen storage alloy, and a liquid hydrogen tank. The pressure adjustment valve 11a is provided in the middle of the fuel pipe 22-1, and adjusts the pressure of the fuel gas supplied from the fuel supply unit 11. The fuel humidifier 19 adds a predetermined amount of water vapor to the supplied fuel gas. The fuel pipe 22-1 connects the fuel supply unit 11 and the fuel humidifier 19, and the fuel pipe 22-2 connects the fuel humidifier 19 and the polymer electrolyte fuel cell main body 13 (the anode 13b). The pipe 22-3 connects the polymer electrolyte fuel cell main body 13 (the anode 13b thereof) and the fuel pipe 22-1.

  The oxidant supply unit 12 supplies an oxidant gas such as oxygen to the cathode 13 c of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell main body 13. The oxidant supply unit 12 is exemplified by a high-pressure oxygen gas cylinder. The pressure adjustment valve 12 a is provided in the middle of the oxidant pipe 23-1 and adjusts the pressure of the oxidant gas supplied from the oxidant supply unit 12. The oxidant humidifier 18 adds a predetermined amount of water vapor to the supplied oxidant gas. The oxidant pipe 23-1 connects the oxidant supply unit 12 and the oxidant humidifier 18, and the oxidant pipe 23-2 is connected to the oxidant humidifier 18 and the polymer electrolyte fuel cell main body 13 (the cathode 13c). The oxidant pipe 23-3 connects the polymer electrolyte fuel cell main body 13 (the cathode 13c thereof) and the oxidant pipe 23-1. The produced water tank 15 stores produced water produced by the polymer electrolyte fuel cell main body 13 (the cathode 13c thereof). The generated water pipe 25 connects the polymer electrolyte fuel cell main body 13 (the cathode 13 c thereof) and the generated water tank 15.

  The cooling water tank 20 stores cooling water for cooling the polymer electrolyte fuel cell main body 13. The liquid feed pump 28 is provided in the middle of the cooling water pipe 24-1 and circulates the cooling water among the polymer electrolyte fuel cell main body 13, the cooling water tank 20, and the temperature difference power generator 30. The cooling water pipe 24-1 connects the cooling water tank 20 and the polymer electrolyte fuel cell main body 13, and the cooling water pipe 24-2 connects the polymer electrolyte fuel cell main body 13 and the temperature difference power generator 30. The cooling water pipe 24-3 connects the temperature difference power generation device 30 and the cooling water tank 20.

  The temperature difference power generation device 30 is a power generation device using a Rankine cycle. Exhaust heat generated in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell main body 13 in the heat exchanger 31 for heating (described later) is received via the cooling water flowing through the cooling water pipe 24-2. The exhaust heat is used for power generation. On the other hand, the heat generated by the power generation by the temperature difference power generation device 30 is cooled by seawater in a heat dissipation heat exchanger 34 (described later).

The temperature difference power generator 30 will be further described.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the configuration of the embodiment of the temperature difference power generator of the present invention. The temperature difference power generator 30 includes a heat exchanger 31 for heating, a turbine 32, a generator 33, a heat exchanger 34 for heat dissipation, a pump 35, an inverter 36, and pipes 40-1 to 40-4.

  The heat exchanger 31 for heating is a heat exchanger that functions as an evaporator. What is supplied to the high temperature side of the heat exchanger is the cooling water supplied via the above-described cooling water pipe 24-2. The cooling water absorbs the exhaust heat generated in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell main body 13 and has a high temperature. What is supplied to the low temperature side is the working fluid in the second state <02> (see FIG. 4) in a liquid phase as a working fluid supplied via the pipe 40-2 and in a high pressure and low temperature. Then, the working fluid exchanges heat with the heated cooling water, and is heated to be isobaric heated, evaporated, and superheated to become a working fluid in the third state <03> that is high pressure and high temperature in the gas phase. The working fluid in the third state <03> is sent to the pipe 40-3.

  The turbine 32 adiabatically expands the working fluid in the third state <03> having a high pressure and a high temperature in the gas phase supplied via the pipe 40-3, and obtains work at that time. The work causes the turbine 32 to rotate. Then, the working fluid in the third state <03> becomes the working fluid in the fourth state <04> in the gas phase at low pressure and low temperature. The turbine 32 is connected to the generator 33 coaxially (integrated). The working fluid in the fourth state <04> is sent to the pipe 40-4.

  The heat dissipation heat exchanger 34 is a heat exchanger that functions as a condenser. What is supplied to the high temperature side of the heat exchanger is the working fluid in the fourth state <04> supplied via the pipe 40-4. What is supplied to the low temperature side of the heat exchanger is seawater. That is, the piping protrudes outside the pressure vessel (shell) of the temperature difference power generator 30, and the seawater flowing around the piping cools the working fluid in the fourth state <04> flowing in the piping. Then, the working fluid in the fourth state <04> exchanges heat with seawater, is cooled at the same pressure, and becomes the working fluid in the first state <01> in the liquid phase at low pressure and low temperature. The working fluid in the first state <01> is sent to the pipe 40-1.

  The pump 35 pressurizes the low-pressure and low-temperature working fluid in the first state <01> in the liquid phase supplied via the pipe 40-1 and operates in the second high-pressure and slightly high temperature in the second state <02>. Let it be fluid. The working fluid in the second state <02> is sent to the pipe 40-2.

The working fluid is preferably changeable from the fourth state <04> to the first state <01> at a temperature higher than the temperature of seawater (0 to 30 ° C.). In the case of the diving machine 1, since the navigation depth is deep, the temperature of the seawater is 0 to 5 ° C. That is, it is more preferable to be able to change from the fourth state <04> to the first state <01> at a temperature higher than 0 to 5 ° C.
On the other hand, the working fluid is preferably changeable from the second state <02> to the third state <03> at a temperature lower than the operating temperature (60 to 100 ° C.) of the solid polymer fuel cell main body 13. In the case of the diving machine 1, since the temperature of the surrounding seawater is low, the heat of the cooling water including exhaust heat is easily taken. That is, it is more preferable that the second state <02> can be changed to the third state <03> at a temperature lower than 60 to 100 ° C.
As such a working fluid, an alternative chlorofluorocarbon is exemplified. Examples of alternative CFCs include HCFC-123 (CF ₃ CHCl ₂ ), HCFC-141b (CH ₃ CCl ₂ F), HCFC-225ca (CH ₃ CF ₂ CHCl ₂ ), and HCFC-225cb (CClF ₂ CF ₂ CHClF). Is done.

  Here, when this temperature difference power generation device 30 is mounted on the ship instead of the submersible 1, what is supplied to the low temperature side of the heat-dissipating heat exchanger 34 is seawater, lake water or river water flowing around the ship. It is.

  The generator 33 is rotated by the rotation of the turbine 32 to generate power. The generator 33 is exemplified by a synchronous generator or an induction generator. The generated power is converted into predetermined DC power by the inverter 36 and used for the operation of the submersible 1.

  Next, the operation (embodiment of the temperature difference power generation method) in the embodiment of the temperature difference power generation device of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 3, 4 and 5. However, FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the operation in the embodiment of the temperature difference power generator of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a graph (Pv diagram) showing the relationship between the pressure and volume of the working fluid in the Rankine cycle as described above. The vertical axis represents the pressure of the working fluid, and the horizontal axis represents the volume of the working fluid. The working fluid here is an alternative chlorofluorocarbon.

  The alternative CFC is supplied from the heat dissipation heat exchanger 34 to the pump 35 via the pipe 40-1. The state of the alternative chlorofluorocarbon at this time is the first state <01> in FIG. Here, for example, the substitute chlorofluorocarbon is a liquid, which is about 5 ° C. and about 1 atmosphere.

  Next, the substitute chlorofluorocarbon is adiabatically compressed by the pump 35. This process is process <a> in FIG. Then, the alternative CFC is in the second state <02> in FIG. 4 (step S1). Here, for example, the substitute chlorofluorocarbon is a liquid, which is about 20 ° C. and about 3 atmospheres. The substitute chlorofluorocarbon is sent to the pipe 40-2.

  Subsequently, the alternative chlorofluorocarbon is supplied from the pump 35 to the heat exchanger 31 for heating via the pipe 40-2. The alternative chlorofluorocarbon is heated at a constant pressure, evaporated, and superheated by exhaust heat (eg 60 ° C.) from the polymer electrolyte fuel cell main body 13 in the heat exchanger 31 for heating. This process is process <b> in FIG. Then, the alternative chlorofluorocarbon enters the third state <03> in FIG. 4 (step S2). Here, for example, the substitute chlorofluorocarbon is a gas, which is about 60 ° C. and about 3 atmospheres. The alternative chlorofluorocarbon is sent to the pipe 40-3.

  Next, the alternative chlorofluorocarbon is supplied to the turbine 32 via the pipe 40-3. The alternative CFC is adiabatically expanded by the turbine 32. This process is process <c> in FIG. The alternative CFC is in the fourth state <04> in FIG. Here, for example, the substitute chlorofluorocarbon is gas or wet steam, and is 1 atm and 5 ° C. The alternative chlorofluorocarbon is sent to the pipe 40-4. At this time, the turbine 32 is rotated by the work accompanying the adiabatic expansion of the alternative CFC. The generator 33 generates power using the energy of the rotation (step S3). The generated electric power is taken out via the inverter 36.

Subsequently, the alternative chlorofluorocarbon is supplied to the heat dissipation heat exchanger 34 via the pipe 40-4. The alternative chlorofluorocarbon is cooled at a constant pressure from seawater (for example, 5 ° C.) in the heat-dissipating heat exchanger 34. This process is process <d> in FIG. Then, the alternative chlorofluorocarbon enters the first state <01> shown in FIG. 4 (step S4).
Then, the above four processes are repeated.

  However, the alternative CFCs in the first state <01> are the first pressure, the first temperature, and the first volume. The alternative CFCs in the second state <02> are the second pressure, the second temperature, and the second volume. The alternative chlorofluorocarbon in the third state <03> is the third pressure, the third temperature, and the third volume. The alternative chlorofluorocarbon in the fourth state <04> is the fourth pressure, the fourth temperature, and the fourth volume. The first pressure and the fourth pressure are approximately equal, and the second pressure and the third pressure are approximately equal to the first pressure and the fourth pressure or more. The first temperature and the fourth temperature are substantially equal, the second temperature is a temperature equal to or higher than the first temperature and the fourth temperature, and the third temperature is a temperature equal to or higher than the second temperature. The first volume and the second volume are substantially equal, the third volume is a volume greater than or equal to the first volume and the second volume, and the fourth volume is a volume greater than or equal to the third volume.

When the efficiency of the temperature difference power generation device 30 is evaluated, for example, it is estimated as follows. The enthalpy of each state <03><04><01> of the working fluid is i ₃ , i ₄ , i ₁ [J / mol], respectively, and the temperature of the cooling water including the exhaust heat of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell body 13 If T _H [K] and seawater temperature T _L [K] are set, then the theoretical efficiency η of the Rankine cycle is
_{η = (i 3 -i 4)} / (i 3 -i 1) ≒ (T H -T L) / T H (1)
It is represented by The efficiency of each heat exchanger is 0.8, the efficiency of the turbine 32 (including the inverter 36) is 0.8, the efficiency of the pump 35 is 0.8, T _H = 60 ° C. = 333 K, seawater temperature T _L = If 5 ° C. = 278 ° C., the power generation efficiency η _{GEN of the} sending value is
η _GEN = (333-278) /333×0.8×0.8×0.8×100=8.5% (2)
It becomes. The power generation efficiency η _GEN is approximately 10% if the temperature of the seawater takes into account fluctuations due to depth and fluctuations due to the exhaust heat from the polymer electrolyte fuel cell main body 13 due to the operating state of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell main body 13. In this case, if the exhaust heat amount P _LOSS [W] of the fuel cell is 4000 W, the power P _GEN [W] that can be extracted is
P _GEN = P _LOSS × η _GEN ≈400W (3)
It becomes. This electric power is sufficient to operate the fuel cell control device 14 of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell system 10.

  Based on the above evaluation, for example, when the power generation efficiency of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell system 10 when the temperature difference power generation device 30 is not used is about 50%, the power required for power generation (for example, for the control device, If about 15% is used for pumps, valves, etc.), the effective power is about 35%. However, by using the temperature difference power generation device 30 of the present invention, if about 10% of the about 50% lost due to heat or the like can be recovered, the effective power can be reduced to about 40%.

  That is, if the temperature difference power generation device 30 of the present invention is used, it is possible to recover the energy that has been discarded as waste heat, and it is possible to improve the energy efficiency of the ship, in particular, the submersible 1.

  Since the active power increases, the same cruising distance can be achieved with a smaller amount of fuel. In this case, the size and weight of the fuel supply unit 11 can be reduced, and the space in the diving machine 1 can be effectively used for other purposes. And the diving machine 1 can be reduced in size and weight.

  Since the active power is increased, a greater range can be achieved with the same amount of fuel. In this case, the duration time and cruising distance of electric power can be extended.

  In this embodiment, the Rankine cycle is used, but a regeneration cycle or a reheat cycle using the Rankine cycle can also be used.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration in the embodiment of the diving machine of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell system in the embodiment of the diving machine of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the configuration of the embodiment of the temperature difference power generator of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a graph (Pv diagram) showing the relationship between the pressure and volume of the working fluid in the Rankine cycle. FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the operation in the embodiment of the temperature difference power generator of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Submarine 2 Cockpit 5 Pre-search sonar 6 Transmitter / receiver 7 Electric propulsion device 8 Projector 9 Viewing window 10 Polymer fuel cell system 11 Fuel supply part 11a Pressure adjustment valve 12 Oxidant supply part 12a Pressure adjustment valve 13 Solid Polymer Fuel Cell Main Body 13a Electrolyte Membrane 13b Anode 13c Cathode 14 Fuel Cell Control Device 15 Generated Water Tank 17 Power Distribution Unit 18 Oxidizer Humidifier 19 Fuel Humidifier 20 Cooling Water Tank 22-1 to 22-3 Fuel Piping 24-1 -24-3 Cooling water piping 23-1 to 23-3 Oxidant piping 25 Product water piping 28 Liquid feed pump 30 Temperature difference power generation device 31 Heat exchanger for heating,
32 Turbine 33 Generator 34 Heat exchanger for heat dissipation 35 Pump 36 Inverter 40-1 to 40-4 Piping

Claims (7)

The cockpit and the fuel cell system's fuel supply unit, oxidant supply unit, polymer electrolyte fuel cell body, fuel cell control device, generated water tank, and temperature difference power generation device are housed in pressure-resistant containers, respectively. Between each configuration is a diving machine that is connected by fluid piping and wiring piping through valves, and is capable of entering seawater in areas other than those contained in the pressure vessel,
The temperature difference power generator is
A pump that pressurizes the working fluid that is in the first state of the liquid phase to be in the second state of the liquid phase;
A heating heat exchanging section for raising the temperature of the working fluid in the second state to bring the gas phase into a third state;
A turbine that expands the working fluid in the third state into a fourth state in a gas phase;
Lowering the temperature of the working fluid in the fourth state to bring the heat-dissipating part into the first state;
A generator connected to the turbine for generating electricity,
The heating exchange unit, by heat exchange with waste heat before Symbol polymer electrolyte fuel cell main body by elevating the temperature of the working fluid,
The radiating heat exchanger, in portion out into the outside of the pressure vessel of the temperature difference power generator, cooling the working fluid of the serial fourth state by heat exchange with sea water
Submersible . The submersible according to claim 1,
The radiating heat exchanger is it cooling the working fluid by heat exchange with the pre Kiumi water flowing within the prior Symbol submersible
Submersible . The diving machine according to claim 2,
The working fluid that Do to said first state from said fourth state at a temperature higher than the temperature of the water
Submersible . The diving machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3 ,
Before SL working fluid that Do in the third state from the second state at a temperature lower than the operating temperature of the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell body
Submersible . The diving machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4 ,
The first state is a first pressure, a first temperature, and a first volume,
The second state is a second pressure, a second temperature, and a second volume,
The third state is a third pressure, a third temperature, and a third volume,
The fourth state is a fourth pressure, a fourth temperature, and a fourth volume,
Etc. properly from the first pressure and the fourth pressure, and the second pressure and the third pressure is at approximately equal the first pressure and the fourth pressure higher,
The first temperature and the fourth temperature is equal properly, the second temperature is the first temperature and the fourth temperature or higher, it said third temperature is the second temperature or higher,
It said first volume and said second volume and equal details, the third volume is the volume above the first volume and the second volume, the fourth volume Ru volume der above the third volume
Submersible . The cockpit and the fuel cell system's fuel supply unit, oxidant supply unit, polymer electrolyte fuel cell body, fuel cell control device, generated water tank, and temperature difference power generation device are housed in pressure-resistant containers, respectively. between each configuration are connected by piping for piping and wiring for the fluid through the valve, the temperature difference power generator submarine vehicle capable ingress of seawater in the area other than the one which is on the their pressure vessel A temperature difference power generation method using
(A) pressurizing the working fluid that is in the first state in the liquid phase to obtain a second state in the liquid phase;
(B) the working fluid in the second state, and heated by exhaust heat of the pre-Symbol solid high polymer type fuel cell body, the steps of the third state of the gas phase,
(C) expanding the working fluid in the third state to a gas phase fourth state;
(D) generating power based on energy released when the working fluid expands;
(E) The temperature of the working fluid in the fourth state is lowered by heat exchange with the seawater flowing in the submersible at a portion protruding to the outside of the pressure vessel of the temperature difference power generator , and the liquid phase A temperature difference power generation method comprising the steps of: In the temperature difference power generation method according to claim 6 ,
The working fluid changes from the fourth state to the first state at a temperature higher than the temperature of the seawater, and from the second state to the third state at a temperature lower than the operating temperature of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell body . The temperature difference power generation method .

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