JP4417422B2 - Digital soil hardness tester - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus that converts information on soil hardness and depth into digital data and collects measurement data together with position information of a measurement location.

  In the fields of civil engineering and architecture, in order to measure relatively deep points and hard soil, a weight is dropped from a certain height onto a rod with a cone and driven, and a striking type that measures the penetration of the cone or hydraulic pressure Or there exists a measuring device which measures the resistance value when pushing in a cone with motive power using a load cell. There is also a measuring device that measures penetration resistance while rotating the cone using the power of an engine or motor.

  Conventionally, in the soil hardness measurement in the agricultural field, when measuring soil having a depth of about 1 meter from the soil surface, the hardness of the soil is measured using only human power without using any impact or power.

  In general, soil hardness measurement of agricultural land includes the handy type measurement method shown in FIG. 6 (hereinafter referred to as measurement method 57) and the penetration type measurement method shown in FIG. 7 (hereinafter referred to as measurement method 61). In the measuring method 57, a handy type soil hardness meter (hereinafter referred to as a handy type 64) is used, and in the measuring method 61, a penetrating type soil hardness meter (hereinafter referred to as a penetrating type 77) is used. FIG. 6 shows an example of a soil hardness measuring method using the handy type 64, and FIG. 7 shows an example of a soil hardness measuring method using the penetration type 77.

  Next, each type of measurement procedure will be described. In the measuring method 57 of FIG. 6, the soil is dug about 1 meter in the vertical direction from the soil surface 58, and the measurer 59 presses the handy type 64 from the soil surface 58 at a right angle to the soil cross section 60 at an arbitrary depth and soil hardness. Measure. In the measuring method 61 of FIG. 7, the measurer 62 holds the penetrating type 77 by hand, and the rod 85 attached to the penetrating type 77 and the cone 87 attached to the tip of the pen are attached to the soil surface 63 by hand. While pushing, the soil hardness is continuously measured in the vertical direction.

  Next, the structure and measuring method of the handy type 64 soil hardness meter will be described with reference to FIGS. First, the handy type 64 in FIG. 8 is a state before the cone 66 has penetrated into the soil, and the handy type 64-A in FIG. 9 represents the state in which the cone 66 has penetrated into the soil. In the handy type 64, the body case 69 is held by hand so as to be perpendicular to the soil surface 65, and when the conical cone 66 is penetrated into the soil surface 65, the cone 66 receives resistance according to the hardness of the soil. The coiled spring 68 supporting the cone mount 67 to which the cone 66 is attached is contracted, and the cone 66 and the cone mount 67 are retracted into the main body case 69 by the contracted length, and the cone 66 is positioned at 66-A. become.

  At this time, the movement of the cone 66 and the cone mount 67 described above causes the slide bar 71 mounted on the cone mount 67 to move backward by the contraction length of the spring 68, and as shown in FIG. A scale 72 engraved in 71 is pushed out of the doughnut-shaped spring retainer 70 attached to the main body case 69 in the opposite direction to the soil surface 65 by the contraction length of the spring 68. The measurer measures the hardness of the soil by reading the amount of contraction of the spring 68 from the amount of movement of the scale 72 pushed out from the spring retainer 70 described above.

  Further, as a handy type soil hardness meter, there is a handy type soil hardness meter 73 having different scale mounting positions shown in FIG. In this handy type soil hardness meter 73, when the cone 66 receives resistance according to the hardness of the soil as in the above-described handy type 64, the cone 66 and the cone mount 67 are retracted into the main body case 76. At this time, the buoy 74 that is connected to the cone mount 67 and the slide bar 74 -A and attached to the side surface of the main body case 76 moves in the direction opposite to the soil surface due to the contraction of the spring 68. The measurer measures the hardness of the soil by reading the scale 75 engraved in the main body case 76 for the amount of movement of the contraction of the spring 68, that is, the amount of movement of the buoy 74.

  Next, the structure and measurement method of the penetration type 77 will be described with reference to FIG. The handy type 64 and the handy type 73 are methods in which a part of the cone 66 penetrates into the soil according to the hardness of the soil, whereas the penetration type 77 is a method in which the cone 87 is continuously penetrated into the soil. It is.

  In the penetration type 77, the soil hardness is measured as follows. The measurer sets the rod 85 with the cone 87 at the tip at a right angle with respect to the soil surface 86 by using the level 92, and pushes the handle grip 78 in the direction of the soil surface 86 by hand to thereby insert the cone 87 into the soil. And the rod 85 can penetrate. When penetrating the cone 87 into the soil, the pushing force in the direction of the soil surface 86 is from the handle 96 attached to the handle grip 78 to the spring retainer 95 → spring 80 → spring case 94 → rod mounting base 84 → rod 85 → cone 87. The cone 87 receives resistance according to the hardness of the soil, and the resistance received by the cone 87 is transmitted in order from the rod 85 to the rod mounting base 84 to the spring case 94 to the spring 80. The spring 80 is compressed by two forces, the force required to penetrate in the direction of the soil surface 86 and the penetration resistance received by the cone 87. That is, when the resistance of the soil is large, that is, when the soil is hard, the spring 80 is strongly compressed and the spring is greatly contracted. On the contrary, when the resistance of the soil is small, that is, when the soil is soft, the compression of the spring 80 is small and the spring is less contracted. Thus, the contraction of the spring 80 compressed by the hardness of the soil changes. The amount of contraction of the spring 80 is linked to the pen arm 79 attached to the spring retainer 95 and recorded on the recording paper 82 wound around the drum 93 by the recording pen 81 attached to the pen arm 79.

  Further, the penetration depth of the cone 87 is measured simultaneously with the penetration of the cone 87 and the rod 85 into the soil. The penetration depth is measured by passing the doughnut-shaped soil surface detecting slide plate 88 through the rod 85 to a position corresponding to the cone 87, and then pushing the handle grip 78 by hand to simultaneously penetrate the cone 87 into the soil. The soil surface detection slide plate 88 is pushed by the soil surface 86 and moves along the rod 85 toward the rod mounting base 84. Further, the lead wire 89 attached to the soil surface detection slide plate 88 is always wound up by the spring-type lead hoist 90 without slack, and the spring-type lead hoist 90 is rotated by the spring-type lead. Transmission from a gear 91 attached to the winder 90 to a rotating gear 83 attached to the drum 93, and by rotating the drum 93, the amount of contraction of the spring 80 is recorded in the longitudinal direction of the recording paper 82, and the penetration depth Are recorded in the horizontal direction of the recording paper 82.

  FIG. 12 shows an example of the measurement result recorded on the recording paper 82 used in the penetration type 77. This recording paper 82 is printed with the soil hardness value obtained by a known calculation method from the hardness of the spring 80 used for measurement and the shape of the cone 87 in the vertical direction and the penetration depth in the drum rotation direction as a scale. Therefore, the measurer can know the hardness of the soil according to the penetration depth by reading the locus recorded by the pen 81 from the scale printed on the recording paper 82.

  In the penetration type 77, the hardness of the soil, that is, the penetration resistance of the cone is measured using the contraction of the spring, but there is one that measures using a load cell instead of the spring. In addition, there are some which measure the penetration depth of the cone by measuring the distance from the soil surface with ultrasonic waves.

  Further, there is an intrusion type soil hardness meter that obtains measurement point information using a global positioning system (hereinafter referred to as GPS), and simultaneously measures and records the soil hardness and the penetration depth.

  There are devices that use power as a device for soil hardness measurement, but those that are attached to the vehicle and transported and a power source are separately required, and it is difficult to say that it is portable, requiring labor and installation, During the time when the crop is cultivated, it is difficult to get a vehicle equipped with a measuring device or a transportation vehicle to the measurement point, and it is not always satisfactory for measuring soil hardness of agricultural land. Therefore, a handheld type 64 shown in FIG. 8, a handy type 73 shown in FIG. 10, and a penetrating type 77 shown in FIG. 11 have been widely used. .

  However, with the conventional handy type 64 and handy type 73, the scale can only be read visually, and an artificial reading error is likely to occur, and high-precision measurement cannot be performed. Furthermore, since there is no device that can collect measurement data by digitizing it, it takes effort to input the measurement data to a computer in order to analyze the measurement data.

  In addition, the conventional handy type 64 and handy type 73 have a structure that cannot be replaced with a cone having a different shape according to the hardness of the soil, and it is necessary to prepare separate measuring devices according to the measurement soil. The measurement work was complicated.

  In addition, in the conventional penetration type, there is one that measures the hardness of the soil with the load cell instead of the contraction of the spring, but the load cell is vulnerable to a drop impact, and there is a risk of dropping in a device used as a portable type In the case of failure, the load cell cannot be easily replaced by the user, so it is not only inferior to maintainability but also cannot be changed to a load cell with a measurement range that matches the soil hardness at the measurement site. There are scenes where accuracy is inferior.

  In addition, in the conventional penetration type, there is one that measures the distance from the surface using ultrasonic waves to measure the penetration depth of the cone, but ultrasonic waves are easily affected by the state of the soil surface and the measurement accuracy is low. Unfortunately, it was not possible to measure when there was water on the soil surface such as paddy fields.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above, and has a shape that is lightweight, portable and portable in consideration of the characteristics of the measurement site called agricultural land, and high-precision measurement by digitizing measurement values. The measurement value can be stored as digital data, making it easy to collect and analyze the measurement data, and the cone and spring can be easily replaced at the measurement site, facilitating maintenance. In addition, the operator can freely select the shape of the cone and the hardness of the spring according to the soil to be measured, enabling measurement accuracy to be improved. In addition, even when there is water on the soil surface, the penetration depth is accurately measured. It is for providing an apparatus having a function capable of being performed.

Means to solve the problem

The present invention is intended to solve such a conventional problem, a cone that penetrates into the soil, a cone mounting base to which the cone is attached, and a hardness that is pressed and contracted by the resistance received by the cone that has penetrated into the soil. A spring for measurement, a spring case that holds the spring and is gripped by the user, and is attached to the cone case, the cone, and the spring in the spring case in a detachable and screwed manner from the front end side of the spring case Thus, a spring presser that holds the spring, a converter that converts the amount of change in the length of the spring described above into an electrical signal, a slide arm that transmits the spring length to the converter, and a converter that is connected to the slide arm. a connector for outputting the converted signal to the display recording device, the spring case is cylindrical potentiometer via the connection cap at its rear end A meter cover is connected, and the converter is housed in the potentiometer cover to prevent soil from entering, and the slide arm passes through a hole formed in the connection cap and the converter has a structure which transmits the expansion and contraction of the spring, characterized in that said spring retainer by removing the distal end side of the spring case, where the cone mount, the cone and the spring, it can be taken together from the spring case It is a digital type soil hardness meter.

  In the above-mentioned digital soil hardness tester, the handy type has a structure in which the aforementioned cone can be detachably attached to the cone mount and a structure in which the spring presser can be attached to and detached from the spring case.

  In the above-mentioned digital soil hardness tester, the penetration type penetrates the soil attached to the cone and the rod attached to the cone to transmit the resistance received by the cone penetrated into the soil to the spring for hardness measurement. A handle that is pushed by a person to move the soil, a slide plate for measuring the soil surface, and a slide plate for measuring the soil surface that moves up and down according to the soil surface. A lead wire that is attached to and interlocked with the lead wire, a lead wire hoist that winds the lead wire, and a depth conversion that converts the rotation speed of the lead wire hoist into an electrical signal to measure the penetration depth of the cone. It is characterized by having a vessel.

  In the above-described penetration type, the spring retainer has a structure that can be detachably attached to the spring case and a structure that can make the cone detachable from the rod.

  In the above-mentioned digital soil hardness meter, a device for capturing position information, date and time information, an input connector for attaching a connection cable for transmitting an electrical signal output from the converter, and a data processing unit for digitally converting the input signal, A display recorder having a memory for storing digitally converted measurement data, position information, date and time information, a liquid crystal display unit for displaying setting items and measurement values, and operation keys for setting functions necessary for measurement. It is characterized by having provided.

  The display recorder described above is characterized in that it includes an output connector for outputting digital data stored in a memory to a computer.

The invention's effect

  According to the present invention, by digitizing the measurement value while taking advantage of the conventional features that are lightweight and portable and portable, highly accurate measurement is possible, and artificial reading error is zero. In the intrusion type, the depth of penetration of the corn into the soil can be digitally measured even when there is water on the soil surface. In addition, data input work can be reduced by storing soil hardness or measured values of soil hardness and penetration depth as digital data in a display recorder having a function of storing in memory. Furthermore, by making the spring and cone for soil hardness measurement detachable, it can be easily replaced at the measurement site, improving maintainability and improving measurement accuracy.

  The embodiment of the digital soil hardness meter of the present invention is a digital soil hardness meter handy type shown in FIG. 1 (hereinafter referred to as digital handy type 1) or a digital soil hardness meter penetration type shown in FIG. A digital soil hardness meter display recorder (hereinafter referred to as a display recorder 39) shown in FIG. 4 is connected by a connection cable 41 to measure soil hardness. Details will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  The configuration of the digital handy type 1 will be described with reference to FIG. The digital handy type 1 has a cone 2 penetrating into the soil surface 14, a cone mounting base 4 for mounting the cone 2, a spring 7 inserted into the cone mounting base 4 and compressed by the hardness of the soil, and when the spring 7 contracts. The spring guide 5 attached to the cone mount 4 so as not to be distorted other than in the compression direction, the spring retainer 3 for holding them in the spring case 6, and the amount of movement of the contraction of the spring inserted into the cone mount to the soil A slide arm 9 connected to transmit to the hardness measurement potentiometer 10, a potentiometer cover 11 for preventing soil from entering the soil hardness measurement potentiometer 10, and a soil hardness measurement potentiometer 10. Attach the output connector 13 for outputting the signal converted in step 1 to the display recorder 39, the output connector 13 and the potentiometer cover 11. A command cap 12, potentiometer 10 have holes through which the sliding arm 9 is attached, and a further spring case 6 and the potentiometer cover 11 both connected connection cap 8.

  In the digital handy type 1, the spring retainer 3 is attached to the spring case 6 by screwing. By removing the spring retainer 3, the cone 2, the cone mount 4, the spring guide 5, and the spring 7 are pulled out from the spring case 6. It has a structure that can. Further, the cone 2 is attached to the cone mounting base 4 by screwing, and has a structure that allows the user to replace the cone with a different shape. Furthermore, since the spring 7 is inserted into the cone mount 4, the spring 7 can be replaced with a spring having a different hardness according to the hardness of the soil simply by pulling the spring 7 out of the cone mount 4. It has become. It should be noted that the shape of the cone 2 and the hardness of the spring 7 are very different and cannot be defined depending on the soil to be measured or the ingenuity of the user.

  The digital penetration type 16 will be described with reference to FIG. The digital penetrating type 16 has a cone 27 penetrating into the soil, a handle grip 18 that is attached to push the rod 25 attached to the cone 27 with a screw in the direction of the soil surface 28, and the handle grip 18 is attached. The handle 17, the spring retainer 36 connected to the handle, the spring 24 compressed by the hardness of the soil, and the spring guide attached to the spring case 34 so that no distortion occurs in the direction other than the compression direction when the spring 7 contracts. 23, a spring case 34 in which a spring 24 and a spring guide 23 are inserted, a handle attachment cap 37 for attaching the handle 17 having a spring retainer 36 connected to the spring case 34, and soil hardness measurement for converting the amount of movement of the contracted length of the spring 24. A potentiometer 22 and a spring that transmits the contraction of the spring 24 to the potentiometer 22 for soil hardness measurement. Id arm 20, a rod mounting base 30 on which a rod 25 having a length corresponding to the depth to be measured is screwed, and a donut-shaped soil surface detection slide plate 26 that moves the rod 25 in accordance with the depth of penetration of the cone 27 A lead wire 29 attached to the soil surface detection slide plate 26 that moves up and down, a spring-type lead hoist 32 that winds it up, and a spring-type lead hoist to measure the depth of penetration of the cone 27 A penetration depth measuring potentiometer 31 for converting the rotational speed of 32 into an electrical signal, an output connector 35 for outputting a signal converted by the respective potentiometers to the display recorder 39, and each potentiometer. Wiring cord 33 for connecting the output connector 35 to the output connector 35 and a protective cover for preventing soil from entering each potentiometer. 21, a level 19 for confirming the angle for pushing the rod 25 having the cone 27 attached to the upper surface of the protective cover 21 at right angles to the soil surface 28, and a display record for attaching the display recorder 39 to the handle 17. And a device mounting base 38.

  In the digital penetrating type 16, the handle mounting cap 37 attached to the spring case 34 with a screw is removed, the spring retainer 36 connected to the handle 17 is pulled out, and the spring 24 is pulled out from the spring case 34 and removed. The structure allows the user to replace the springs with different hardness according to the soil hardness. The rod 25 and the rod mounting base 30 have a screw type structure that can be replaced with a rod 25-A having a different length according to the penetration depth, or the rod 25-A can be added to the rod 25. Furthermore, the cone 27 is screwed to the rod 25 or 25-A, and has a structure that allows the user to replace the cone with a different shape according to the hardness of the soil.

  In the digital penetration type 16, the shape of the cone 27, the length of the rod 25 and the rod 25-A, and the hardness of the spring 24 are various and cannot be defined depending on the soil to be measured or the ingenuity of the user.

  The display recorder 39 will be described with reference to FIGS. The display recorder 39 includes an input connector 47 for connecting a connection cable 41 for transmitting a signal from the digital handy type 1 or the digital penetration type 16, a data processing unit 48 for digitally converting a signal input from the input connector 47, and a setting. A liquid crystal display 42 for displaying items and measured values, a power source (battery) 52 for driving the display recorder 39, a GPS 44 for capturing position information, date and time information using an artificial satellite 56, and a data processing unit 48 Is stored in the memory 53 for storing the data converted in step 4 and the data of the GPS 44, the battery case cover 46 for inserting and removing the battery, the operation key 43 for setting functions necessary for measurement, the power switch 45, and the memory 53. A serial cable 54 for outputting data to the computer 55 and an output cable for attaching the serial cable 54 It is composed of Kuta 40.

  In the display recorder 39, the data processing unit 48 obtains the hardness of the soil from the microprocessor (CPU) 49, the shape of the cone 2 used in the digital handy type 1, the hardness of the spring 7 and the signal of the potentiometer 10. The operation program 50 in which the following equation is written is included. The data processing unit 48 also includes a known arithmetic expression for determining the soil hardness from the signal of the shape of the cone 27 used in the digital penetration type 16, the hardness of the spring 24 and the soil hardness measurement potentiometer 22, and the penetration depth measurement. It has a calculation program 51 in which a calculation formula for calculating the penetration depth from the signal of the potentiometer 31 is written.

  Further, the display recorder 39 is one of the aforementioned types input to the display recorder 39 via the connection cable 41 connected to the digital handy type 1 or the digital penetration type 16 connected to the display recorder 39. The signal processing unit 48 has a function of digitally converting the signal from the potentiometer into soil hardness or soil hardness and penetration depth and storing the position information, date and time information obtained by the GPS 44 in the memory 53. is doing.

  Next, the operation of the digital soil hardness meter will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. First, the digital handy type 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. The digital handy type 1 in FIG. 1 is a state before the cone 2 has penetrated into the soil, and the digital handy type 15 in FIG. 2 represents a state in which the cone 2 has penetrated into the soil. In the measurement, from the state of the digital handy type 1, the spring case 6 is held by hand so that the spring case 6 is perpendicular to the soil surface 14, and the cone 2 is pushed in the soil surface direction until the spring retainer 3 hits the soil surface 14. Then, the cone 2 receives resistance according to the hardness of the soil, the coiled spring 7 supporting the cone mounting base 4 is contracted, and the cone 2 moves to the position of the cone 2-A as shown in FIG. Further, in conjunction with the contraction of the spring 7, the slide bar 9 moves to the position of the slide bar 9-A. At this time, the movement amount of the slide bar 9 is converted into an electrical signal by the hardness measuring potentiometer 10 and transmitted from the output connector 13 to the display recorder 39 to measure the soil hardness in the digital handy type 15 state. It will be. In addition, since the moving amount | distance of the slide bar 9 changes with the hardness of soil, it does not necessarily move to the position of the slide bar 9-A shown in FIG.

  Next, the operation of the digital penetration type 16 will be described with reference to FIG. In the digital penetration type 16, the rod 25 with the cone 27 is set at a right angle to the soil surface 28 while checking with the level 19, and the handle grip 18 is pushed by hand toward the soil surface 28 in the soil. The cone 27 and the rod 25 can be penetrated into. When penetrating the cone 27 into the soil, the force pushing in the direction of the soil surface 28 is from the handle 17 attached to the handle grip 18 to the spring retainer 36 → spring 24 → spring case 34 → rod mounting base 30 → rod 25 → cone 27. The cone 27 receives resistance according to the hardness of the soil, and the resistance received by the cone 27 is transmitted in order from the rod 25 to the rod mounting base 30 to the spring case 34 to the spring 24. The spring 24 is compressed by two forces, the force required to penetrate in the direction of the soil surface 28 and the penetration resistance received by the cone 27. That is, when the resistance of the soil is large, that is, when the soil is hard, the spring 24 is strongly compressed and the spring is greatly contracted. On the contrary, when the resistance of the soil is small, that is, when the soil is soft, the compression of the spring 24 is small and the spring is less compressed. Thus, the contraction of the spring 24 compressed by the soil hardness changes. The contraction length of the spring 24 is interlocked with the slide arm 20 attached to the spring retainer 36, and moves to the position of the slide arm 20-A. Furthermore, the soil hardness is measured by converting the amount of movement of the slide arm 20 into an electrical signal by a hardness measuring potentiometer 22 attached to the slide arm 20. In addition, since the movement amount of the slide arm 20 changes with the hardness of soil, it does not necessarily move to the position of the slide arm 20-A.

  In the digital penetration type 16, the soil hardness measurement and the penetration depth of the cone 27 are measured simultaneously. The penetration depth is measured when the doughnut-shaped soil surface detecting slide plate 26 is passed through the rod 25 and pulled down to a position corresponding to the cone 27, and then the handle grip 18 is pushed by hand. The surface detecting slide plate 26 is pushed by the soil surface 28 and moves along the rod 25 toward the rod mounting base 30. Further, the lead wire 29 attached to the soil surface detection slide plate 26 is always wound up by the spring-type lead hoisting device 32 without sagging, and the rotation of the spring-type lead hoisting device 32 is rotated by the potentiometer 31 for depth measurement. The amount of movement of the soil surface detection slide plate 26 can be measured by conversion into an electrical signal. That is, this movement amount becomes the penetration depth of the cone 27 into the soil.

  Next, the operation of the display recorder 39 of the digital soil hardness meter will be described with reference to FIGS. The display recorder 39 selects the digital handy type 1 or the digital penetrating type 16 with the operation key 43. In the case of the digital penetration type 16, the length of the rod 25 to be used is further selected. Next, the connection cable 41 is connected to the digital handy type 1 or the digital penetration type 16 selected above. When the measurement is started with the digital handy type 1 or the digital penetrating type 16, the signal converted in any of the connected potentiometers is input to the display recorder 39 via the connection cable 41 connected to the input connector 47. The data processing unit 48 digitally converts it into soil hardness or soil hardness and penetration depth, and the position information, date and time information obtained by the GPS 44 are stored in the memory 53 to complete the measurement work.

  In the display recorder 39, data analysis can be performed by connecting the output connector 40 and the computer 55 with a serial cable 54 and outputting the digital data stored in the memory 53 to the computer 55.

The embodiment described above has the following effects.
(1) Considering the characteristics of the measurement site as an agricultural land, it is lightweight and can be carried and carried. The shape of the spring 7 of the digital handy type 1 and the spring 24 of the digital penetrating type 16 remains unchanged. By converting the amount of contraction into an electrical signal and digitizing it, high-accuracy measurement is possible and the artificial reading error is zero. (2) In the digital penetration type 16, the vertical movement is adjusted to the conventional soil surface 28. The number of rotations of the spring-type lead hoisting device 32 is determined using the configuration of the soil surface measuring slide plate 26, the lead wire 29 interlocking with the soil surface measuring slide plate 26, and the spring-type lead hoisting device 32. By providing a depth potentiometer 31 that converts the electrical signal into an electrical signal and measures the penetration depth of the cone, even in soil with water on the soil surface, the cone 27 can be accurately transferred to the soil. The penetration depth can be digitally measured.
(3) The soil hardness measured in the above (1) and (2) or the measured value of soil hardness and penetration depth is stored as digital data in the display recorder 39 having a function of storing in the memory 53. This can reduce the data input work.
(4) In digital handy type 1 and digital penetrating type 16 of digital soil hardness, the use of a spring for measurement means that the spring can be easily replaced at the measurement site, facilitates maintenance, and matches the soil hardness to be measured. It is possible for the measurer to freely select the hardness, and the measurement accuracy can be improved. Furthermore, it is possible to freely select the hardness of cones and springs with different shapes, and the measurer can try various combinations according to purposes that could not be achieved.
(5) In the digital handy type 1 and the digital penetrating type 16 described above, a known arithmetic expression for obtaining the hardness of the soil from the hardness of the cone and the spring having different shapes is displayed in advance in the data processing unit 48 of the recorder 39. By providing, data can be processed quickly without cumbersome calculation processing.
(6) The position information and date and time information measured using the GPS 44 are obtained, stored together with the measurement data in the memory 53 of the display recorder 39, and the stored data is output to the computer 55, whereby the above-mentioned memory is obtained. The data stored in 53 is correlated with the map data, and the measurement data is mapped using the software called Geometrical Information System (GIS) that searches, analyzes, and displays the information. By displaying it above, the measurement data can be grasped visually.

In addition, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment at all, For example, the following are also contained.
(1) In the above embodiment, GPS is used, but other means may be used as means for obtaining position information and the like.
(2) In the above embodiment, the amount of change in the spring contraction and the number of revolutions of the lead wire hoist were measured using a potentiometer, but the slide resistance or magnetic type, photoelectric linear encoder, optical type Various known measuring means such as a photo encoder may be used.
(3) In the above embodiment, the memory 53 for storing data is built in the display recorder 39, but a storage medium that is detachable from the display recorder 39 may be used.
(4) In the above embodiment, the computer 55 is used as the output destination of the data stored in the memory 53, but a personal computer may be used as long as it has the ability to process the measurement data.

It is sectional drawing of a digital type soil hardness meter handy type. It is sectional drawing which shows the example of a measurement of a digital type soil hardness meter handy type. It is sectional drawing of a digital type soil hardness meter penetration type. It is an external view of the display recorder of a digital soil hardness meter. It is a block diagram of the digital soil hardness meter. It is drawing which shows the measuring method of the soil hardness meter handy type of a conventional system. It is drawing which shows the measuring method of the soil hardness meter penetration type of a conventional system. It is sectional drawing of the soil hardness meter handy type of a conventional system. It is sectional drawing which shows the example of a measurement of the soil hardness meter handy type of a conventional system. It is sectional drawing of the soil hardness meter handy type of the conventional system from which the attachment position of a scale differs. It is sectional drawing of the soil hardness meter penetration type of a conventional system. It is a recording paper of the conventional soil hardness meter penetration type.

Explanation of symbols

1 Digital soil hardness meter handy type 2 Digital soil hardness meter handy type cone 2-A Digital handy type cone moved during measurement 3 Digital soil hardness meter handy type spring retainer 4 Digital soil hardness meter handy type Cone mount 5 Digital soil hardness meter Handy type spring guide 6 Digital soil hardness meter Handy type spring case 7 Digital soil hardness meter Handy type spring 8 Digital soil hardness meter Handy type connection cap 9 Digital soil hardness Handy type slide arm 9-A Handy type slide arm 10 moved by contraction of spring Digital soil hardness meter Handy type potentiometer for soil hardness measurement 11 Digital soil hardness meter Handy type potentiometer Cover 12 Digital soil hardness meter handy type end cap 13 Digital soil hardness meter handy type output connector 14 Soil surface 15 Digital soil hardness meter handy type with cone penetrating into soil 16 Digital soil hardness meter penetration type 17 Digital soil hardness meter penetration type handle 18 Digital soil hardness meter penetration type handle grip 19 Digital soil hardness meter penetration type level 20 Digital soil hardness meter penetration type slide arm 20-A Spring length reduction Penetration type slide arm 21 moved by digital soil hardness meter penetration type protective cover 22 Digital soil hardness meter penetration type soil hardness measurement potentiometer 23 Digital soil hardness meter penetration type spring guide 24 Digital soil hardness Total penetration Thailand Spring 25 Digital soil hardness meter penetration type rod 25-A Digital soil hardness meter penetration type rod for replacement / addition 26 Digital soil hardness meter penetration type soil surface detection slide plate 27 Digital soil hardness meter Penetration type cone 28 Soil surface 29 Digital soil hardness meter penetration type lead wire 30 Digital soil hardness meter penetration type rod mount 31 Digital soil hardness meter penetration type penetration depth measurement potentiometer 32 Digital soil hardness Intrusion type spring type lead hoist 33 Digital soil hardness meter penetration type wiring cord 34 Digital soil hardness meter penetration type spring case 35 Digital soil hardness meter penetration type output connector 36 Digital soil hardness meter penetration type Spring holder 37 Digital soil hardness meter penetration Thailand Handle mounting cap 38 Digital soil hardness meter penetrating display recorder mounting base 39 Digital soil hardness meter display recorder 40 Digital soil hardness meter serial output connector 41 Digital soil hardness meter connection cable 42 Digital type Soil hardness meter liquid crystal display 43 Digital soil hardness meter operation key 44 Digital soil hardness meter GPS
45 Digital soil hardness meter power switch 46 Digital soil hardness meter battery case cover 47 Digital soil hardness meter input connector 48 Digital soil hardness meter data processing unit 49 Digital soil hardness meter data processing unit micro Processor (CPU)
50 Hardness calculation program 51 Hand penetration type hardness and penetration depth calculation program 52 Digital soil hardness meter power supply (battery)
53 Digital soil hardness meter memory 54 Digital soil hardness meter serial cable 55 Computer 56 GPS satellite 57 Measurement method of conventional handy type soil hardness meter 58 Soil surface 59 Measurement of conventional handy type soil hardness meter 60 A soil section 61 A conventional penetration type soil hardness meter measuring method 62 A conventional penetration type soil hardness meter measurer 63 A soil surface 64 A conventional handy type soil hardness meter 64-A Conventional in a state where a corn has penetrated into the soil Handy type soil hardness tester 65 soil surface 66 Conventional handy type soil hardness tester cone 66-A Conventional handy type soil hardness tester cone 67 moved at the time of measurement Conventional handy type soil hardness tester cone installation Stand 68 Spring of conventional handy type soil hardness tester 69 Conventional method Handy type soil hardness tester spring case 70 Conventional handy type soil hardness tester spring retainer 71 Conventional handy type soil hardness tester slide bar 72 Conventional handy type soil hardness tester scale 73 Different scale mounting positions Conventional soil hardness tester handy type 74 Conventional soil hardness tester handy type buoy 74-A Conventional soil hardness tester handy type slide bar 75 Conventional scale soil hardness tester handy type scale 76 Conventional soil hardness meter handy type spring case 77 with different scale mounting positions 77 Conventional penetration type soil hardness meter 78 Conventional penetration type soil hardness meter handle grip 79 Conventional penetration type soil hardness meter pen arm 80 The conventional penetration type soil hardness tester bar 81 Conventional penetrating type soil hardness meter recording pen 82 Conventional penetrating type soil hardness meter recording paper 83 Conventional penetrating type soil hardness meter drum rotating gear 84 Conventional penetrating type soil hardness meter rod Mounting base 85 Conventional penetration type soil hardness meter rod 86 Soil surface 87 Conventional penetration type soil hardness meter cone 88 Conventional penetration type soil hardness meter soil surface detection slide plate 89 Conventional penetration type soil Hardness meter lead wire 90 Conventional penetration type soil hardness tester spring type lead hoist 91 Conventional penetration type soil hardness tester spring type lead hoist gear 92 Conventional penetration type soil hardness tester level Instrument 93 Conventional penetration type soil hardness tester drum 94 Conventional penetration type soil hardness tester spring case 95 Conventional penetration Handle penetration type soil hardness meter of the spring retainer 96 conventional method type soil hardness meter

Claims (3)

A cone penetrating into the soil, a cone mounting base on which the cone is attached, a hardness measuring spring which is pressed and contracted by the resistance received by the cone penetrating into the soil, and a spring case which holds the spring and is gripped by the user In the state where the cone mounting base, the cone and the spring are put in the spring case, the spring presser for holding the spring by being detachably attached from the front end side of the spring case, and the contraction change amount of the spring described above and a converter for converting into an electric signal, comprising: a slide arm for transmitting a reduced length of the spring to the transducer, a connector for outputting the converted signal concatenated transducer slide arm to the display recording device, the spring case A cylindrical potentiometer cover is connected to the rear end side via a connection cap, and the converter is connected to the potentiometer. Soil penetration by being housed down the meter the cover is prevented, the slide arm has a structure which transmits the expansion and contraction of the spring to the transducer through the hole formed in the connection cap, the The digital soil hardness meter, wherein the cone mount, the cone and the spring can be taken out from the spring case by removing a spring retainer from the tip end side of the spring case. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the device captures position information, date and time information, an input connector to which a connection cable for transmitting an electrical signal output from the converter is attached, a data processing unit for digitally converting the input signal, and digital conversion. Digital display equipped with a memory for storing measured data, position information, date and time information, a liquid crystal display for displaying setting items and measured values, and a display recorder having operation keys for setting functions required for measurement Type soil hardness tester. 3. The digital soil hardness meter according to claim 2, wherein the display recorder comprises an output connector for outputting digital data stored in the memory to a computer.

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