JP4406460B2 - Breath alcohol measuring device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a breath alcohol measuring apparatus that measures the alcohol concentration in the breath of a subject.

Conventionally, a breath alcohol measuring apparatus that measures the alcohol concentration in the breath of a subject is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
JP 2007-271628 A

  In such a breath alcohol measuring device, for example, when the alcohol concentration in the breath of the driver is measured in order to prevent the drunk driving of the driver in the transportation industry of people or goods, there is a replacement ball that is not drunk. Injustice may occur when a drunk driver drives a vehicle in response to a measurement of alcohol concentration in exhaled breath.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a breath alcohol measuring device capable of detecting fraud caused by a subject's replacement.

  An exhaled alcohol measuring device of the present invention includes an exhaled alcohol measuring unit that measures alcohol concentration in exhaled breath of the subject, an exhaled breath blowing unit for the subject to blow the exhaled air, and a fingerprint of the subject's finger A fingerprint reading unit that performs reading, a fingerprint authentication unit that performs authentication of the subject based on the fingerprint read by the fingerprint reading unit, and the person who performed the reading and the person who performed the reading are the same person And the same person determination unit for determining whether or not the breath is blown, the breath blowing unit includes a lip electrode that is an electrode with which the lips of the subject are brought into contact, and the fingerprint reading unit is touched with the finger A finger electrode that is an electrode to be operated, and the same person determination unit acquires the electrical activity of the subject's heart based on the voltage of the lip electrode and the finger electrode, and the acquired electrical activity Based on There and performing the determination.

  With this configuration, the breath alcohol measurement device of the present invention acquires abnormal electrical activity of the heart when the person who has exhaled breath is different from the person whose fingerprint has been read. It is possible to detect fraud by replacement balls.

  The breath alcohol measuring apparatus of the present invention is a unit in which a breath alcohol measuring unit that measures the alcohol concentration in the breath of a subject and a breath blowing unit for the subject to blow the breath is installed. A fingerprint reading unit that is installed in a unit different from the exhalation blowing unit and reads the fingerprint of the subject's finger, and authenticates the subject based on the fingerprint read by the fingerprint reading unit A fingerprint authentication unit; and a same person determination unit that determines whether or not the person who performed the blowing and the person who performed the reading are the same person, and the breath blowing unit is gripped by the subject A hand electrode which is an electrode disposed at a position where the subject's hand is brought into contact with the finger, and the fingerprint reading unit is an electrode with which the finger is brought into contact The same person determination unit acquires the electrical activity of the subject's heart based on the voltages of the hand electrode and the finger electrode, and performs the determination based on the acquired electrical activity. It is characterized by performing.

  With this configuration, the breath alcohol measuring apparatus of the present invention is configured so that when the person who has exhaled is holding the exhalation unit, the person who has exhaled and the person whose fingerprint has been read Since the abnormal electrical activity of the heart is acquired when different from the above, it is possible to detect fraud due to the replacement of the subject.

An exhaled alcohol measuring device of the present invention includes an exhaled alcohol measuring unit that measures alcohol concentration in exhaled breath of the subject, an exhaled breath blowing unit for the subject to blow the exhaled air, and a fingerprint of the subject's finger A fingerprint reading unit that performs reading, a fingerprint authentication unit that performs authentication of the subject based on the fingerprint read by the fingerprint reading unit, and the person who performed the reading and the person who performed the reading are the same person And the same person determination unit for determining whether or not the breath is blown, the breath blowing unit includes a lip electrode that is an electrode with which the lips of the subject are brought into contact, and the fingerprint reading unit is touched with the finger And the same person determination unit obtains conductivity between the lips of the subject's body and the finger based on the voltage of the lip electrode and the finger electrode. And acquired And performing the determination based on Kishirube conductivity.

  With this configuration, the breath alcohol measurement device of the present invention acquires abnormal conductivity of the body when the person who has exhaled breath is different from the person whose fingerprint has been read. Can detect fraud.

The breath alcohol measuring apparatus of the present invention is a unit in which a breath alcohol measuring unit that measures the alcohol concentration in the breath of a subject and a breath blowing unit for the subject to blow the breath is installed. A fingerprint reading unit that is installed in a unit different from the exhalation blowing unit and reads the fingerprint of the subject's finger, and authenticates the subject based on the fingerprint read by the fingerprint reading unit A fingerprint authentication unit; and a same person determination unit that determines whether or not the person who performed the blowing and the person who performed the reading are the same person, and the breath blowing unit is gripped by the subject A finger electrode disposed at a position where the subject's hand is brought into contact with the finger, and the fingerprint reading unit is an electrode with which the finger is brought into contact It includes a use electrodes, the same person determination section, the conductive based on said voltage hand electrodes and the finger electrodes obtains conductivity between the finger and the hand of the body of the subject, and acquires The determination is performed based on a rate.

  With this configuration, the breath alcohol measuring apparatus of the present invention is configured so that when the person who has exhaled is holding the exhalation unit, the person who has exhaled and the person whose fingerprint has been read Since the abnormal electrical conductivity of the body is acquired in the case where they are different from each other, it is possible to detect fraud due to the replacement of the subject.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a breath alcohol measuring device that can detect fraud due to a subject's replacement by utilizing the fingerprint authentication of the subject and the electrical properties of the subject's body.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  First, the configuration of the alcohol interlock system as the breath alcohol measuring apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an alcohol interlock system 10 according to the present embodiment. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the alcohol interlock system 10.

  The alcohol interlock system 10 is a system that does not allow the driver to drive the vehicle 100 when the driver as a subject is in a drinking state. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the alcohol interlock system 10 includes a handy unit 20 that is detachably attached to a left portion of the handle 102 in the front surface of the dashboard 101 of the vehicle 100, and an upper surface of the dashboard 101. Among the display unit 40 installed on the right side of the handle 102 for performing various displays, the camera unit 60 installed on the upper part of the rearview mirror 103 of the vehicle 100 for photographing the driver, and the dashboard 101 A control unit 80 which is installed inside and controls the handy unit 20, the display unit 40 and the camera unit 60, a cable 11 which electrically connects the handy unit 20 and the control unit 80, and the display unit 40 and the control unit 80. Electric A cable 12 for connecting and the camera unit 60 and control unit 80 and a cable 13 for electrically connecting.

  The control unit 80 includes an interlock relay 81 including a switch 81a and an electromagnet 81b for switching the connection state of the switch 81a. The switch 81a includes a terminal 81c and a terminal 81d.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the vehicle 100 includes a battery 111, a cell motor 112 that is driven by the battery 111 to start the engine, a starter relay 113 that switches an electrical connection state between the battery 111 and the cell motor 112, and a key Is provided with a starter key switch 114 that switches an electrical connection state between the battery 111 and the starter relay 113 and a vehicle speed pulse generator 115 that generates a vehicle speed pulse signal representing the speed of the vehicle 100. The battery 111 includes a minus terminal 111a electrically connected to the ground and a plus terminal 111b. The cell motor 112 includes a terminal 112a that is electrically connected to the ground and the negative terminal 111a of the battery 111, and a terminal 112b. The starter relay 113 includes a switch 113a and an electromagnet 113b for switching the connection state of the switch 113a. The switch 113 a of the starter relay 113 includes a terminal 113 c electrically connected to the terminal 112 b of the cell motor 112 and a terminal 113 d electrically connected to the plus terminal 111 b of the battery 111. The electromagnet 113b of the starter relay 113 is electrically connected to the ground, the terminal 113e electrically connected to the negative terminal 111a of the battery 111 and the terminal 112a of the cell motor 112, and the terminal 81c of the switch 81a of the interlock relay 81. Terminal 113f. The starter key switch 114 turns on the terminal 114a electrically connected to the positive terminal 111b of the battery 111 and the terminal 113d of the starter relay 113, the OFF terminal 114b for turning off the engine of the vehicle 100, and the accessory power supply of the vehicle 100. An ACC terminal 114c for setting the state, an ON terminal 114d for turning on the ignition power source, and a START terminal 114e for starting the cell motor 112 are provided. The START terminal 114 e is electrically connected to the terminal 81 d of the interlock relay 81 of the control unit 80.

  The power of the battery 111 is supplied to the control unit 80, and is also supplied from the control unit 80 to the handy unit 20, the display unit 40, and the camera unit 60 through the cables 11, 12, and 13. In the following description, description of power supply is omitted.

  FIG. 3 is a front view of the handy unit 20. FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the handy unit 20.

  The handy unit 20 is a device for the driver to measure the alcohol concentration in exhaled breath before driving. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the handy unit 20 includes a case 21, a replaceable mouthpiece 23 provided on the upper portion of the case 21, and a side portion of the case 21 so that the driver can operate the handy unit 20. The hand electrode 24 disposed at a position where the driver can touch with the left hand of the driver, the switch 25 provided on the front of the case 21 and pushed by the driver, and the alcohol concentration provided on the front of the case 21 7 seg display alcohol concentration display unit 26, and the cable 11 is connected to the lower part of the case 21. The handy unit 20 includes a mouthpiece 23 as an exhalation blowing unit, and constitutes an exhalation blowing unit of the present invention.

  FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the mouthpiece 23.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the mouthpiece 23 has a cylindrical lip contact portion 23a sandwiched between the driver's upper lip and lower lip, and a cylindrical shape having an outer diameter smaller than that of the lip contact portion 23a. The case insertion part 23b to be inserted into the lip contact part 23a and the lip contact part 23a and the case insertion part 23b are formed in the surface of the lip contact part 23a. The electrode 23d for lips which is an electrode is provided. The lip electrode 23d is formed, for example, by electroplating the surface of the mouthpiece 23 or by forming the entire mouthpiece 23 from metal.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the handy unit 20 includes an external interface 29 electrically connected to the control unit 80 via the cable 11 (see FIG. 3) and a mouthpiece 23 (see FIG. 5). A contact spring 30 that contacts the lip electrode 23d and is electrically connected to the lip electrode 23d when inserted into the lip electrode 23d; and an expiration temperature sensor 31 for measuring the temperature of expiration; An exhalation pressure sensor 32 for measuring the exhalation pressure, an exhalation CO2 sensor 33 for measuring the concentration of carbon dioxide in the exhalation, and an alcohol fuel as an exhalation alcohol measurement unit for measuring the alcohol concentration in the exhalation The battery sensor 34, the amplifier 35 that amplifies the signal output from the alcohol fuel cell sensor 34, and the breath inside the alcohol fuel cell sensor 34 are collected. A suction pump 36 for writing, a nonvolatile memory 37 for storing various data, and a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 38 for controlling each component of the handy unit 20 inside the case 21.

  FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the display unit 40 shown in FIG. FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the display unit 40.

  The display unit 40 is a device that displays the alcohol concentration in the driver's breath and indicates the operation procedure by voice and display. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the display unit 40 is provided at the left end of the front surface of the case 41 and the case 41, and the alcohol fuel cell sensor 34 (see FIG. 4) of the handy unit 20 (see FIG. 1). A warm-up lamp 43 for indicating that the vehicle is warming up, a blow lamp 44 provided right next to the warm-up lamp 43 on the front of the case 41 for prompting the driver to breathe in, and a case 41 A wait lamp 45 is provided on the right side of the blow lamp 44 on the front side of the battery to indicate that alcohol concentration is being measured by the alcohol fuel cell sensor 34, and is provided on the right side of the wait lamp 45 on the front side of the case 41. And the OK lamp 46 indicating that the driver has not been determined to be in a drinking state, and the OK lamp on the front of the case 41 7 seg provided on the right side of the display 46 to display that the driver has been determined to be drinking, and 7 seg provided on the right side of the NG lamp 47 in front of the case 41 to display the alcohol concentration. A display alcohol concentration display unit 48, a fingerprint reading unit 50 provided on the upper surface of the case 41 for reading the fingerprint of the right hand of the driver, and a finger electrode which is a transparent electrode provided on the surface of the fingerprint reading unit 50 51 and a speaker 52 provided to the right of the fingerprint reading unit 50 on the upper surface of the case 41, and the cable 12 is connected to the back surface of the case 41.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the display unit 40 has an external interface 54 electrically connected to the control unit 80 via the cable 12 (see FIG. 6) and images of thousands of fingerprints (hereinafter “ A fingerprint authentication module 55 serving as a fingerprint authentication unit that authenticates a fingerprint read by the fingerprint reading unit 50 based on a registered fingerprint image and a finger electrode 51. A case 41 (see FIG. 6) includes an amplifier 56 that amplifies the signal output from the audio signal, an audio LSI (Large Scale Integration) 57 that generates audio output from the speaker 52, and a CPU 58 that controls each component of the display unit 40. )) Inside.

  FIG. 8 is a front view of the camera unit 60 shown in FIG. FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the camera unit 60.

  As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the camera unit 60 is provided at the front end of the case 61 so that the case 61, the lens 63 provided at the center of the front of the case 61, and photographing at night are possible. An imaging lamp 64 is provided, and the cable 13 is connected to the case 61.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the camera unit 60 is operated via an external interface 66 electrically connected to the control unit 80 via the cable 13 (see FIG. 8) and a lens 63 (see FIG. 8). CCD (Charge Coupled Device) image sensor 67 for photographing a person, a built-in antenna 68 for receiving a GPS (Global Positioning System) radio wave for specifying a location, and a GPS for decoding the GPS radio wave received by the built-in antenna 68 A case 61 includes a receiving module 69, a memory 70 for temporarily recording image data until the image data captured by the CCD image sensor 67 is transferred to the control unit 80, and a CPU 71 for controlling each component of the camera unit 60. (Figure And provided inside of the reference.).

  FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the control unit 80 shown in FIG. FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the control unit 80.

  As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the control unit 80 includes a case 82 and an antenna 83 erected on the upper surface of the case 82, and cables 11 to 14 are connected to the rear surface of the case 82.

  As shown in FIG. 11, the control unit 80 includes an interlock relay 81, an external interface 85, an amplifier 86 electrically connected to the electromagnet 81 b of the interlock relay 81, and an antenna 83. A communication module 87 for performing wireless communication with the outside, a clock LSI 88 for measuring time, a lithium battery 89 that is a power source of the clock LSI 88, and an acceleration for measuring the acceleration of the vehicle 100 (see FIG. 1). Each component of the acceleration sensor 90, an electrocardiogram amplifier 92 for measuring the electrical activity of the driver's heart, a LOG memory 94 for recording various data such as history information on the determination result of the drinking level, and the control unit 80 And a CPU 95 that controls the inside of the case 82 (see FIG. 10). The terminal 81c of the interlock relay 81 is electrically connected to the terminal 113f of the starter relay 113 (see FIG. 2) via the cable 14 (see FIG. 10). The terminal 81 d of the interlock relay 81 is electrically connected to the START terminal 114 e of the starter key switch 114 (see FIG. 2) via the cable 14. The external interface 85 is electrically connected to the handy unit 20, the display unit 40, and the camera unit 60 via cables 11, 12, 13 (see FIG. 10), respectively, and the battery 111 ( 2 are electrically connected to the negative terminal 111a and the positive terminal 111b, the ACC terminal 114c of the starter key switch 114, and the vehicle speed pulse generator 115.

  FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the electrocardiogram amplifier 92 shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 12, the electrocardiogram amplifier 92 includes a differential amplifier 141 that amplifies the voltage between the lip electrode 23d and the hand electrode 24 of the handy unit 20, and the hand electrode 24 and the display unit 40 of the handy unit 20. A differential amplifier 142 that amplifies the voltage between the finger electrodes 51, a differential amplifier 143 that amplifies the voltage between the lip electrode 23d of the handy unit 20 and the finger electrode 51 of the display unit 40, and a differential AD converters 144, 145, and 146 for converting the output signals of the amplifiers 141, 142, and 143 from analog signals to digital signals, respectively. Here, voltages input from the AD converters 144, 145, and 146 to the CPU 95 are voltages V1, V2, and V3, respectively.

  FIG. 13 is a graph showing electrocardiogram waveforms registered in the LOG memory 94 of the control unit 80. FIG. 14 is a graph showing an electrocardiogram waveform registered in the LOG memory 94, and an electrocardiogram waveform newly input from the lip electrode 23d, the hand electrode 24, and the finger electrode 51. It is a graph when the input driver is not registered. FIG. 15 is a graph showing an electrocardiogram waveform registered in the LOG memory 94, and an electrocardiogram waveform newly input from the lip electrode 23d, the hand electrode 24, and the finger electrode 51. It is a graph when the input driver is registered.

  In the LOG memory 94, for example, as shown in FIG. 13, electrocardiogram waveforms based on voltages V1, V2, and V3 are registered in advance for each driver. The CPU 95 compares the electrocardiogram waveform registered in the LOG memory 94 with the electrocardiogram waveforms newly input from the lip electrode 23d, the hand electrode 24, and the finger electrode 51, and the operation in which the electrocardiogram waveform is newly input is performed. It is determined whether or not the user is registered. As shown in FIG. 14, the CPU 95 resembles any one of the electrocardiogram waveform registered in the LOG memory 94 and the electrocardiogram waveform newly input from the lip electrode 23d, the hand electrode 24, and the finger electrode 51. If not, it is determined that the driver who newly inputs the ECG waveform is not registered. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 15, the CPU 95 resembles the electrocardiogram waveform registered in the LOG memory 94 and the electrocardiogram waveform newly input from the lip electrode 23d, the hand electrode 24, and the finger electrode 51. It is determined that the driver who newly inputs the electrocardiogram waveform is registered. As described above, the CPU 95 can authenticate the driver with the electrocardiogram based on the output of the electrocardiogram amplifier 92.

  For example, when a driver in a drunk state performs fingerprint authentication and a replacement ball that has not been drunk injects exhalation, the electrocardiogram becomes abnormal in which two ECGs are mixed. Therefore, the CPU 95 acquires an electrocardiogram that is an electrical activity of the driver's heart based on the voltages of the lip electrode 23d, the hand electrode 24, and the finger electrode 51, and the mouthpiece 23 of the handy unit 20 shown in FIG. Whether the person who has exhaled breath from the person and the person whose fingerprint is read by the fingerprint reading unit 50 of the display unit 40 shown in FIG. 6, which is a unit different from the handy unit 20, are the same person. (Hereinafter referred to as “identical person determination”) can be performed based on the electrocardiogram. That is, the CPU 95 constitutes the same person determination unit of the present invention.

  In the above, the same person determination based on the electrocardiogram is performed using all of the voltages V1, V2, and V3. However, the electrode of the handy unit 20 and the finger electrode 51 of the display unit 40 are used. Therefore, it can be performed using only two of the voltages V1, V2, and V3, or can be performed using only the voltages V2 and V3. Further, since the same person determination is a determination as to whether or not the person who has exhaled breath and the person whose fingerprint has been read are the same person, both the lip electrode 23d and the finger electrode 51 are used. Is more reliable than a determination performed using only the voltage V2.

  Next, the operation of the alcohol interlock system 10 will be described.

  FIG. 16 is a flowchart of the operation of the alcohol interlock system 10. FIG. 17 is a flowchart subsequent to the operation shown in FIG. 16 among the operations of the alcohol interlock system 10.

  When the driver sits in the driver's seat of the vehicle 100 and presses the switch 25 of the handy unit 20, the CPU 95 of the control unit 80 detects that the switch 25 is pressed and starts the operation shown in FIG.

  First, based on the output from the ACC terminal 114c of the starter key switch 114, the CPU 95 determines whether or not the accessory power supply of the vehicle 100 is on, that is, whether or not the ACC terminal 114c is electrically connected to the terminal 114a. Is determined (step S208). When the CPU 95 determines in step S208 that the accessory power source is in the on state, the CPU 95 outputs the sound from the speaker 52 so as to retry the operation with the accessory power source in the off state (step S210), and the current time obtained from the clock LSI 88; After recording the current position based on the GPS information from the camera unit 60 and the fact that the accessory power supply is on in the LOG memory 94 and the nonvolatile memory 37 of the handy unit 20, a series of processing is terminated. The reason for ending the series of processes when the accessory power supply is on is that the warm-up time to be described later is prolonged when the temperature around the handy unit 20 is low, and the alcohol interlock system 10 is configured during that time. This is to prevent the battery 111 of the vehicle 100 from being consumed by an electronic device (for example, a car radio) other than the device to be operated. Therefore, when the capacity of the battery 111 is large or when the warm-up time is short, it is not necessary to end the series of processes even if the accessory power supply is in the on state.

  When CPU 95 determines that the accessory power supply is off in step S208, CPU 95 determines whether or not the speed of vehicle 100 is greater than 0 based on the output from vehicle speed pulse generator 115 of vehicle 100 (step S212). If the CPU 95 determines that the speed of the vehicle 100 is greater than 0 in step S212, the CPU 95 outputs the sound from the speaker 52 so as to restart the operation after stopping the vehicle 100 (step S214), and the current time obtained from the clock LSI 88 The current position based on the GPS information from the camera unit 60 and the fact that the speed of the vehicle 100 is greater than 0 are recorded in the LOG memory 94 and the non-volatile memory 37 of the handy unit 20, and then the series of processes is terminated.

  When CPU 95 determines that the speed of vehicle 100 is 0 in step S212, CPU 95 determines whether or not the acceleration of vehicle 100 is greater than 0 based on the output from acceleration sensor 90 (step S216). If the CPU 95 determines that the acceleration of the vehicle 100 is greater than 0 in step S216, the CPU 95 outputs the sound from the speaker 52 so as to repeat the operation after stopping the vehicle 100 (step S214), and the current time obtained from the clock LSI 88 The current position based on the GPS information from the camera unit 60 and the fact that the acceleration of the vehicle 100 is greater than 0 are recorded in the LOG memory 94 and the non-volatile memory 37 of the handy unit 20, and then a series of processing ends.

  Note that whether or not the vehicle 100 is moving can also be determined based on information other than the speed and acceleration of the vehicle 100. For example, when the vehicle 100 is moving, it is determined that the vehicle 100 is moving when the voltage of the battery 111 is equal to or higher than a predetermined voltage using the fact that the voltage is increased by generating and charging the battery 111. You can also. It can also be determined whether or not the vehicle 100 is moving based on a change in the current position based on GPS information from the camera unit 60.

  If the CPU 95 determines in step S216 that the acceleration of the vehicle 100 is zero, the CPU 95 causes the fingerprint authentication module 55 of the display unit 40 to perform fingerprint authentication. The fingerprint authentication module 55 performs authentication based on the fingerprint image registered in advance in itself and the driver's fingerprint image read from the fingerprint reading unit 50 of the display unit 40, and the authentication is successful. The registrant ID corresponding to the driver's fingerprint image read from the fingerprint reading unit 50 is transmitted to the CPU 95, and if the authentication fails, the registrant ID indicating the authentication failure, eg, No. 9999 is transmitted to the CPU 95. When the registrant ID is transmitted from the fingerprint authentication module 55, the CPU 95 determines whether the authentication is successful based on the registrant ID transmitted from the fingerprint authentication module 55 (step S218). Note that the CPU 95 stores the registrant ID transmitted from the fingerprint authentication module 55, the current time obtained from the clock LSI 88, and the current position based on the GPS information from the camera unit 60 in the nonvolatile memory of the LOG memory 94 and the handy unit 20. Record in the memory 37.

  If the CPU 95 determines that the authentication has failed in step S218, the CPU 95 outputs a voice indicating that the authentication has failed from the speaker 52 (step S220), and ends the series of processes.

  If the CPU 95 determines that the authentication is successful in step S218, the CPU 95 starts warming up the alcohol fuel cell sensor 34, turns on the WarmUP lamp 43 of the display unit 40, and the sound from the speaker 52, as shown in FIG. Is notified that the alcohol fuel cell sensor 34 is warming up (step S228). Here, the warm-up of the alcohol fuel cell sensor 34 means that the alcohol fuel cell sensor 34 is heated by the heater circuit inside the alcohol fuel cell sensor 34 even if the ambient temperature is as low as −45 ° C., for example. The operation is to maintain uniform measurement performance by raising the temperature inside the alcohol fuel cell sensor 34 to a constant 33 ° C. Then, the CPU 95 waits until the warm-up is completed (step S230).

  When the CPU 95 determines that the warm-up has been completed in step S230, the CPU 95 starts measuring time based on the output value of the clock LSI 88, and turns on the Blow lamp 44 of the display unit 40 and outputs sound from the speaker 52. Thus, the driver prompts the driver to breathe (step S232), and the photographing lamp 64 of the camera unit 60 is turned on (step S234).

  Next, the CPU 95 determines whether or not a predetermined time has elapsed during the measurement (step S236). If the CPU 95 determines that the predetermined time has elapsed in step S236, the CPU 95 outputs a voice indicating that the predetermined time has elapsed from the speaker 52 (step S238). In step S218, the CPU 95 prints the fingerprint. LOG indicating that the registrant ID transmitted from the authentication module 55, the current time obtained from the clock LSI 88, the current position based on the GPS information from the camera unit 60, and that a predetermined time has elapsed. After recording in the memory 94 and the non-volatile memory 37 of the handy unit 20, the photographing lamp 64 is turned off (step S240), and a series of processing ends.

  If the CPU 95 determines that the predetermined time has not elapsed in step S236, the CPU 95 determines whether or not the authentication by the electrocardiogram is successful based on the output from the electrocardiogram amplifier 92 (step S242). If the CPU 95 determines that the authentication based on the electrocardiogram has failed in step S242, the CPU 95 outputs a voice indicating that the authentication based on the electrocardiogram has failed (step S244), and the registrant ID transmitted from the fingerprint authentication module 55 in step S218. And the current time obtained from the clock LSI 88, the current position based on the GPS information from the camera unit 60, and the failure of authentication by the electrocardiogram in the LOG memory 94 and the nonvolatile memory 37 of the handy unit 20, The photographing lamp 64 is turned off (step S240), and the series of processes is terminated.

  If the CPU 95 determines that the authentication by the electrocardiogram is successful in step S242, it is determined whether or not the pressure of the exhaled air blown from the mouthpiece 23 of the handy unit 20 by the driver is a predetermined pressure, for example, 0.3 L / second or more. Is determined based on the measured value of the expiratory pressure sensor 32 (step S246). The reason why the exhalation pressure is determined is that the alcohol concentration cannot be measured accurately unless exhalation at a certain pressure is performed. If the CPU 95 determines in step S246 that the expiratory pressure is not equal to or higher than the predetermined pressure, the CPU 95 returns to the process of S236.

  If the CPU 95 determines in step S246 that the expiratory pressure is equal to or higher than a predetermined pressure, the CPU 95 determines whether or not the concentration of carbon dioxide in the expiratory air blown from the mouthpiece 23 by the driver is equal to or higher than the predetermined concentration. A determination is made based on the measured value of the sensor 33 (step S248). The reason why the concentration of carbon dioxide in the exhalation is determined is to prevent fraud in which it is determined that the alcoholic state is not determined by blowing air that does not contain alcohol into the mouthpiece 23 by inflating. Human breath contains more carbon dioxide than air. If the CPU 95 determines in step S248 that the concentration of carbon dioxide in the expired air is not equal to or higher than the predetermined concentration, the registrant ID transmitted from the fingerprint authentication module 55 in step S218, the current time obtained from the clock LSI 88, the camera The current position based on the GPS information from the unit 60 and the fact that the concentration of carbon dioxide in the exhalation is not higher than a predetermined concentration are recorded in the LOG memory 94 and the nonvolatile memory 37 of the handy unit 20, and then the process of S236 is performed. Return.

  If the CPU 95 determines in step S248 that the concentration of carbon dioxide in the exhalation is equal to or higher than the predetermined concentration, the temperature of the exhaled air blown from the mouthpiece 23 by the driver is within a predetermined temperature range centered on 34 ° C. Is determined based on the measured value of the expiration temperature sensor 31 (step S250).

  FIG. 18 is a graph showing changes in the measured value of the expiration temperature sensor 31 for each type of air blown from the mouthpiece 23 of the handy unit 20.

  The reason for determining the expiration temperature in step S250 is to prevent fraud in which air that does not contain alcohol is blown into the mouthpiece 23 by inflating or the like so as not to be determined as a drinking state. As shown in FIG. 18, the air blown in by inflating the air converges on the temperature of the air around the handy unit 20, whereas human exhalation is stable depending on the human body temperature. Regardless of the temperature of the air around the handy unit 20, it always converges to around 34 ° C.

  As shown in FIG. 17, when CPU 95 determines in step S250 that the temperature of exhalation is not within a predetermined temperature range centered on 34 ° C., the registrant ID transmitted from fingerprint authentication module 55 in step S218 and The LOG memory 94 and the handy that the current time obtained from the clock LSI 88, the current position based on the GPS information from the camera unit 60, and that the temperature of the breath is not within a predetermined temperature range centered on 34 ° C. After recording in the nonvolatile memory 37 of the unit 20, the process returns to S236.

  If the CPU 95 determines in step S250 that the expiration temperature is within a predetermined temperature range centered on 34 ° C., the volume of air blown from the mouthpiece 23 by the driver is a predetermined volume, for example, 1.0 L. Whether or not this is the case is determined based on the time measured by the clock LSI 88 and the measured value of the expiratory pressure sensor 32 (step S252). The reason for determining the volume of the blown air is that if the alcohol concentration is measured when there is little accumulation of the blown air, the alcohol concentration of fresh air that has just entered the mouth may be measured. This is because a certain volume of air needs to be blown in order to measure the exhaled air, ie the alcohol concentration of the air that has entered the lungs. If the CPU 95 determines in step S252 that the volume of the blown air is not greater than or equal to the predetermined volume, the CPU 95 returns to the process of S236.

  FIG. 19 is a graph showing an example of the passage of time of pressure, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, and volume of air blown into the mouthpiece 23 of the handy unit 20.

  In FIG. 19, the CPU 95 proceeds from step S246 to step S248 because the expiratory pressure 301 blown from the mouthpiece 23 by the driver becomes equal to or higher than the predetermined pressure 301a at time 311. Next, the CPU 95 proceeds from step S248 to step S250 because the carbon dioxide concentration 302 in the expired air that is blown from the mouthpiece 23 by the driver becomes equal to or higher than the predetermined concentration 302a at time 312. Next, the CPU 95 proceeds from step S250 to step S252 because the expiratory temperature 303 blown from the mouthpiece 23 by the driver falls within a predetermined temperature range 303a centered on 34 ° C. at time 313. Then, the CPU 95 proceeds from step S252 to the next step because the volume 304 of air blown from the mouthpiece 23 by the driver (the area indicated by hatching in FIG. 19) exceeds a predetermined volume at time 314. .

  As shown in FIG. 17, when the CPU 95 determines in step S <b> 252 that the volume of the blown air is greater than or equal to a predetermined volume, the CPU 95 photographs the driver on the CCD image sensor 67 by transferring a shutter command to the camera unit 60. (Step S256). Therefore, an image 401 (see FIG. 20) of the driver who is blowing exhalation from the mouthpiece 23 of the handy unit 20 is recorded in the memory 70 of the camera unit 60.

  Next, the CPU 95 starts the measurement of the alcohol concentration by the alcohol fuel cell sensor 34 by driving the suction pump 36 of the handy unit 20 to introduce exhalation into the alcohol fuel cell sensor 34 (step S258). The fact that the alcohol fuel cell sensor 34 is measuring the alcohol concentration is notified by the lighting of the wait lamp 45 of the unit 40 and the sound output from the speaker 52 (step S260).

  When the measurement started in step S258 is completed, the CPU 95 is based on the registrant ID transmitted from the fingerprint authentication module 55 in step S218, the current time obtained from the clock LSI 88, and the GPS information from the camera unit 60. The current position, the measurement result, and the image 401 photographed in step S256 and recorded in the memory 70 of the camera unit 60 are recorded in the LOG memory 94 and the nonvolatile memory 37 of the handy unit 20 (step S262) and measured. It is determined whether the alcohol concentration is equal to or less than a predetermined reference value (step S264).

  If the CPU 95 determines that the alcohol concentration exceeds the predetermined reference value in step S264, the CPU 95 determines that the alcohol is in a drunk state and cannot start the engine, from the lighting of the NG lamp 47 of the display unit 40 and the speaker 52. (Step S266), the photographing lamp 64 is turned off (step S268), and the series of processing ends.

  When the CPU 95 determines that the alcohol concentration is equal to or lower than the predetermined reference value in step S264, the CPU 95 supplies power to the electromagnet 81b of the interlock relay 81 via the amplifier 86 and closes the switch 81a (step S270). After notifying that the engine can be started because it has not been determined that the display unit 40 has been turned on by the lighting of the OK lamp 46 of the display unit 40 and the sound output from the speaker 52 (step S272), the photographing lamp 64 is turned off (step S272). S268), a series of processing ends. Note that the CPU 95 opens the switch 81a after 5 minutes have passed since the switch 81a was closed in step S270. Accordingly, the driver can start the engine of the vehicle 100 by turning the key of the starter key switch 114 within 5 minutes to electrically connect the terminal 114a and the START terminal 114e. That is, when the terminal 114 a of the starter key switch 114 and the START terminal 114 e are electrically connected, the starter relay 113 of the starter key 113 is connected via the switch 81 a of the interlock relay 81 of the control unit 80 and the starter key switch 114. The electric power of the battery 111 is supplied to the electromagnet 113b and the switch 113a is closed, whereby the electric power of the battery 111 is supplied to the cell motor 112 via the switch 113a of the starter relay 113, and the engine of the vehicle 100 is started.

  The various information recorded in the LOG memory 94 can be used for various purposes later. For example, the determination result of the drinking level recorded in the LOG memory 94 is regularly used for monitoring at the police station in charge in the case of drunk driving addicts, or periodically in the case of business use. Can be used for monitoring.

  Various information recorded in the LOG memory 94 may be transmitted to the outside by the antenna 83 and the communication module 87 of the control unit 80. For example, the determination result of drinking status is sent to the mail server of the police station in charge in real time for drunk driving addicts, or sent to the mail server of the administration headquarters in real time for business use. be able to. Of course, various information recorded in the LOG memory 94 may be read from the outside via the antenna 83 and the communication module 87 of the control unit 80.

  Moreover, although the alcohol interlock system 10 inputs a registrant ID by fingerprint authentication, it may be input by other methods. For example, the registrant ID may be input by a magnetic card or an IC (Integrated Circuit) card.

  Note that the control unit 80 may include a conductivity amplifier 93 shown in FIG. 21 instead of the electrocardiogram amplifier 92.

  The operation of the alcohol interlock system 10 is replaced as follows. If the CPU 95 determines that the predetermined time has not elapsed in step S236, the CPU 95 determines whether or not the authentication by the conductivity has succeeded based on the output from the conductivity amplifier 93. When the CPU 95 determines that the authentication based on the conductivity has failed, the CPU 95 outputs a voice indicating that the authentication based on the conductivity has failed, from the speaker 52, and from the registrant ID transmitted from the fingerprint authentication module 55 in step S218 and the clock LSI 88. The current time obtained, the current position based on GPS information from the camera unit 60, and the fact that the authentication by the conductivity has failed are recorded in the LOG memory 94 and the nonvolatile memory 37 of the handy unit 20, and then the process of step S240 Execute. On the other hand, when the CPU 95 determines that the authentication based on the conductivity is successful, the CPU 95 executes a process of step S246.

  FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the conductivity amplifier 93.

  As shown in FIG. 21, the conductivity amplifier 93 includes a 50 kHz oscillator 151 that outputs a 50 kHz signal suitable for measuring the conductivity of the body to the hand electrode 24 of the handy unit 20, and a lip for the handy unit 20. The differential amplifier 152 that amplifies the voltage between the electrode 23d and the 50 kHz oscillator 151, the differential amplifier 153 that amplifies the voltage between the finger electrode 51 of the display unit 40 and the 50 kHz oscillator 151, and the differential amplifiers 152 and 153 Are respectively provided with AD converters 154 and 155 that convert analog signals into digital signals.

  The signal 155a output from the 50 kHz oscillator 151 enters the driver's left hand from the hand electrode 24 of the handy unit 20, passes through the driver's body, and passes from the driver's lips to the lip electrode 23d of the handy unit 20. Get out. At this time, the signal 155a becomes the signal 155b by the human body resistance 156 from the left hand of the driver to the lips. The signal 155b is amplified by the differential amplifier 152 with respect to the signal 155a to become a signal 155c. The signal 155c is converted from an analog signal to a digital signal by the AD converter 154, and is taken in as a voltage value attenuation value V4 by the CPU 95.

  The signal 155a output from the 50 kHz oscillator 151 enters the driver's left hand from the hand electrode 24 of the handy unit 20, passes through the driver's body, and passes from the driver's right finger to the finger of the display unit 40. To the electrode 51 for use. At this time, the signal 155a becomes the signal 155d by the human body resistance 157 from the left hand to the right hand of the driver. The signal 155d is amplified by the differential amplifier 153 with respect to the signal 155a to become a signal 155e. The signal 155e is converted from an analog signal to a digital signal by the AD converter 155, and is taken in as a voltage value attenuation value V5 by the CPU 95.

  In the LOG memory 94 of the control unit 80, attenuation values V4 and V5 are registered in advance for each driver. When the attenuation values V4 and V5 registered in the LOG memory 94 are similar to the attenuation values V4 and V5 newly input from the lip electrode 23d, the hand electrode 24, and the finger electrode 51, the CPU 95 Determines that the driver who has newly entered the conductivity is registered, and newly determines from the attenuation values V4 and V5 registered in the LOG memory 94, the lip electrode 23d, the hand electrode 24 and the finger electrode 51. If the attenuation values V4 and V5 input to the are not similar, it is determined that the driver who newly inputs the conductivity is not registered. As described above, the CPU 95 can authenticate the driver based on the electrical conductivity of the body based on the output of the electrical conductivity amplifier 93.

  For example, when a driver in a drunk state performs fingerprint authentication and a replacement ball that has not been drunk injects exhalation, the human body resistance 156 between the lip electrode 23d and the hand electrode 24 and the hand electrode 24 One of the human body resistances 157 between the finger electrodes 51 and the human body resistance 157 is abnormally large, so that the conductivity is abnormal. Therefore, the CPU 95 can acquire the electrical conductivity of the driver's body based on the voltages of the lip electrode 23d, the hand electrode 24, and the finger electrode 51, and can make the same person determination based on the electrical conductivity. That is, the CPU 95 constitutes the same person determination unit of the present invention.

  It should be noted that the same person determination based on the conductivity is based on the above two types: the human body resistance 156 between the lip electrode 23d and the hand electrode 24 and the human body resistance 157 between the hand electrode 24 and the finger electrode 51. However, since the electrode of the handy unit 20 and the finger electrode 51 of the display unit 40 only have to be used, only the human body resistance between the lip electrode 23d and the finger electrode 51 is used. , A method using only the human body resistance 157 between the hand electrode 24 and the finger electrode 51, a human body resistance between the lip electrode 23d and the finger electrode 51, and the hand electrode 24 and the finger electrode 51. A method of using two types of human resistances with the human body resistance 157 between 51, a human body resistance 156 between the lip electrode 23d and the hand electrode 24, and a human body resistance between the lip electrode 23d and the finger electrode 51 And two types The human body resistance 156 between the lip electrode 23d and the hand electrode 24, the human body resistance between the lip electrode 23d and the finger electrode 51, and the hand electrode 24 and the finger electrode 51. A method using three types of human body resistances with the human body resistance 157 between them may be used. Further, since the same person determination is a determination as to whether or not the person who has exhaled breath and the person whose fingerprint has been read are the same person, both the lip electrode 23d and the finger electrode 51 are used. Is more reliable than the determination using only the human body resistance 157 between the hand electrode 24 and the finger electrode 51.

  Moreover, in this Embodiment, although the alcohol interlock system 10 was demonstrated as the breath alcohol measuring apparatus of this invention, the breath alcohol measuring apparatus of this invention is applied also to the breath alcohol measuring apparatus other than an alcohol interlock system. be able to.

1 is a perspective view of an alcohol interlock system according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the alcohol interlock system shown in FIG. It is a front view of the handy unit shown in FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the handy unit shown in FIG. It is a perspective view of the mouthpiece shown in FIG. It is a perspective view of the display unit shown in FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the display unit shown in FIG. It is a front view of the camera unit shown in FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the camera unit shown in FIG. It is a perspective view of the control unit shown in FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the control unit shown in FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the electrocardiogram amplifier shown in FIG. 13 is a graph showing electrocardiogram waveforms registered in the LOG memory shown in FIG. FIG. 13 is a graph showing an electrocardiogram waveform registered in the LOG memory shown in FIG. 12 and an electrocardiogram waveform newly input from a lip electrode, a hand electrode, and a finger electrode, and a driver who newly inputs an electrocardiogram waveform; It is a graph when is not registered. FIG. 13 is a graph showing an electrocardiogram waveform registered in the LOG memory shown in FIG. 12 and an electrocardiogram waveform newly input from a lip electrode, a hand electrode, and a finger electrode, and a driver who newly inputs an electrocardiogram waveform; It is a graph when is registered. It is a flowchart of operation | movement of the alcohol interlock system shown in FIG. It is a flowchart following the operation | movement shown in FIG. 16 among the operations of the alcohol interlock system shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows the change of the measured value of an expiration temperature sensor according to the kind of air blown from the mouthpiece of the handy unit shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows the example of the time passage of the pressure of the air blown in the mouthpiece 23 of the handy unit shown in FIG. 3, carbon dioxide gas concentration, temperature, and volume. It is a figure which shows the image of the driver | operator in the middle of breathing in from the mouthpiece of the handy unit shown in FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the conductivity amplifier with which the control unit shown in FIG. 11 replaces with an electrocardiogram amplifier.

Explanation of symbols

10 Alcohol interlock system (exhaled alcohol measuring device)
20 Handy unit (exhalation blowing unit)
23 mouthpiece (exhalation blowing part)
23d Electrode for lips 24 Electrode for hands 34 Alcohol fuel cell sensor (exhaled alcohol measurement unit)
40 Display unit (another unit)
50 Fingerprint Reading Unit 51 Finger Electrode 55 Fingerprint Authentication Module (Fingerprint Authentication Unit)
95 CPU (identity determination unit)

Claims (4)

A breath alcohol measuring unit for measuring the alcohol concentration in the breath of the subject; a breath blowing unit for the subject to blow the breath; a fingerprint reading unit for reading a fingerprint of the subject's finger; A fingerprint authentication unit that authenticates the subject based on the fingerprint read by the fingerprint reading unit, and a determination as to whether or not the person who performed the blowing and the person who performed the reading are the same person With the same person determination unit,
The exhalation blowing section includes an electrode for lips that is an electrode with which the lips of the subject are brought into contact,
The fingerprint reading unit includes a finger electrode that is an electrode with which the finger is brought into contact;
The same person determination unit acquires the electrical activity of the subject's heart based on the voltages of the lip electrode and the finger electrode, and performs the determination based on the acquired electrical activity. Breath alcohol measuring device. An exhalation alcohol measurement unit that measures the alcohol concentration in the exhalation of a subject, an exhalation inhalation unit that is a unit in which an exhalation insufflation unit is provided for the subject to inhale the exhalation, and the exhalation inhalation unit. A fingerprint reading unit that is installed in another unit and reads the fingerprint of the subject's finger; a fingerprint authentication unit that authenticates the subject based on the fingerprint read by the fingerprint reading unit; and the blowing A person determination unit for determining whether the person who performed and the person who performed the reading are the same person,
The exhalation blowing unit includes a hand electrode that is an electrode disposed at a position where the subject's hand is brought into contact with the subject when held by the subject.
The fingerprint reading unit includes a finger electrode that is an electrode with which the finger is brought into contact;
The same person determination unit acquires electrical activity of the subject's heart based on voltages of the hand electrode and the finger electrode, and performs the determination based on the acquired electrical activity. Breath alcohol measuring device. A breath alcohol measuring unit for measuring alcohol concentration in the breath of the subject, a breath blowing unit for the subject to blow the breath, a fingerprint reading unit for reading the fingerprint of the subject's finger, A fingerprint authentication unit that authenticates the subject based on the fingerprint read by the fingerprint reading unit, and a determination as to whether or not the person who performed the blowing and the person who performed the reading are the same person With the same person determination unit,
The exhalation blowing section includes an electrode for lips that is an electrode with which the lips of the subject are brought into contact,
The fingerprint reading unit includes a finger electrode that is an electrode with which the finger is brought into contact;
The same person determination unit acquires a conductivity between the lips of the subject's body and the finger based on the voltage of the lip electrode and the finger electrode, and based on the acquired conductivity A breath alcohol measuring apparatus for performing determination. An exhalation alcohol measurement unit that measures the alcohol concentration in the exhalation of a subject, an exhalation inhalation unit that is a unit in which an exhalation insufflation unit is provided for the subject to inhale the exhalation, and the exhalation inhalation unit. A fingerprint reading unit that is installed in another unit and reads the fingerprint of the subject's finger; a fingerprint authentication unit that authenticates the subject based on the fingerprint read by the fingerprint reading unit; and the blowing A person determination unit for determining whether the person who performed and the person who performed the reading are the same person,
The exhalation blowing unit includes a hand electrode that is an electrode disposed at a position where the subject's hand is brought into contact with the subject when held by the subject.
The fingerprint reading unit includes a finger electrode that is an electrode with which the finger is brought into contact;
The same person determination unit acquires a conductivity between the hand and the finger of the subject's body based on the voltage of the hand electrode and the finger electrode, and based on the acquired conductivity A breath alcohol measuring apparatus for performing determination.

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