JP4393492B2 - Standing body composition measuring device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention measures the bioelectrical impedance (hereinafter simply referred to as “impedance”) of the body of a subject, and uses the measured values of the impedance and body specifying information such as height, weight, age, sex, etc. Various information related to the body composition and health status, such as body fat mass, muscle mass, muscle strength, bone density, bone mass, lean mass, body fat percentage, basal metabolic rate, etc. In particular, the present invention relates to a body composition measuring apparatus that is intended to allow a subject to easily perform measurement in a standing posture.

  Conventionally, it was common to measure body weight exclusively for health management such as obesity, but in recent years, not only obesity on the physique but also one index to measure obesity, such as subcutaneous fat and visceral fat Attention has been focused on the body fat percentage indicating the amount of body fat and the ratio of body fat to body weight.

  Conventionally, studies have been conducted in various places to measure body impedance and to estimate body fat percentage and the like using the measured values. One of the methods is the so-called four-electrode method. For example, a current-carrying electrode is attached to the subject's right back and right instep, and measurements are taken inside the current-carrying electrode, for example, the right wrist and right ankle. Wear the electrode. Then, a high-frequency current that substantially passes through the body is passed between both energization electrodes, and the potential difference between the measurement electrodes is measured at that time. In this method, the impedance is obtained from the voltage value and the current value, and the body fat percentage and the like are estimated using the measured value.

  Recently, an apparatus (so-called body fat meter) for measuring body fat percentage more easily has been developed and is widely available on the market. For example, in the apparatus described in Patent Document 1, an energization electrode and a measurement electrode are arranged on the left and right sides of a grip gripped with both hands, and when the subject grips the grip, the finger side of both hands is energized. The measurement electrode is in close contact with the wrist and the measurement electrode is in close contact with the wrist, and various information such as lean mass, body fat percentage, body water content, and basal metabolic rate are estimated based on the acquired impedance. ing. Moreover, in the apparatus of patent document 2, when a subject puts both feet on a measurement stand, it is set as the structure which an electrode closely_contact | adheres to both feet, and can measure a body weight and a body fat percentage simultaneously. .

  In the body composition measuring apparatus described above, impedance is measured using a current path between one hand and one leg, between both hands, or between both legs. When measuring the potential difference between one hand and one leg using a current path, the chest or abdomen (trunk), which has a cross-sectional area several tens of times larger than the leg or arm, is part of the current path. Therefore, the contribution of the legs and arms to the impedance is relatively large, and conversely, the contribution of abdominal subcutaneous fat and abdominal fat (visceral fat) is low. For this reason, increase or decrease in subcutaneous fat and intraperitoneal fat in the abdomen are unlikely to appear in the results, resulting in lack of reliability. On the other hand, when measuring the potential difference between both hands and legs using the current path, most of the trunk is not included in the current path, so the error in estimating the body fat percentage etc. of the whole body becomes large. There is a problem that it is easy.

  Conventionally, when estimating the body fat percentage or the like from the measured impedance value, an estimation formula based on a bioelectrical impedance method (BIA) created in accordance with a calibration curve based on an underwater weight weighing method is used. Yes. However, in such a method, there are deficiencies such as a difference in the degree of contribution to the impedance of muscles and bones that are lean structural tissues is not considered, and it is difficult to reduce the estimation error.

  Furthermore, as a premise for applying such a measurement method, assuming a parallel model in which each tissue is connected in parallel using the difference in electrical characteristics of bones, muscles, and fats which are constituent tissues of the human body, The body composition is calculated from the impedance under the condition that the composition ratio of each tissue and the electrical characteristics (volume resistivity) between the entire composition tissue and each tissue are constant. In fact, in the general adult population, it is statistically said that such conditions are fairly reliable. However, in non-adults such as children, elderly people, or physically special groups such as athletes, the composition ratio and electrical characteristics are often greatly different from the above conditions due to individual differences, and reliability The reality is that it is difficult to obtain high results.

  On the other hand, not only from the viewpoint of preventing obesity but from the viewpoint of grasping the degree of strengthening and aging of the body, it is very important to measure the body muscle mass and strength. More specifically, for example, for athletes who are trying to improve their physical abilities, muscle mass is an index value that measures the outcome of training, etc. It can be done. The same can be said for those who are undergoing rehabilitation treatment to strengthen and recover body parts that have been weakened due to long-term hospitalization due to accidents or diseases. Furthermore, considering the future increase in the elderly, for example, the elderly can easily measure the muscle mass and strength of each elderly person, the balance of their left and right body, etc. Provide a living environment improvement and diet (meal and exercise menu) that cover inadequate points in daily life so that you can make a high-performance daily life by making it possible to judge It is thought that the necessity of such will increase greatly.

  In order to satisfy such demands, the various body composition information including muscle mass can be measured with high accuracy, as well as being used in hospitals and sports facilities (fitness clubs, etc.) It is important that people can easily measure at home. That is, it is desirable that even one subject can perform measurement without requiring skill and does not need to take an unreasonable posture. As a matter of course, the price is low, and in some cases, a certain degree of portability and a small storage space are required. In addition, it is very useful to incorporate such measurements as part of health checkups and physical fitness measurements for many people, for example at schools and health centers, but in such cases, efficient measurement is essential. It is also important that the time required is short.

JP-A-7-51242 Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-49050

  The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and the main purpose of the present invention is various amounts such as the body fat, muscle mass, muscle strength, bone mass, bone density and balance of the subject. An object of the present invention is to provide a standing body composition measuring apparatus that can measure body composition information with high accuracy while being simple.

The standing body composition measuring device according to the present invention, which has been made to solve the above problems,
a) body specifying information acquisition means for acquiring body specifying information including size information of a measurement target site in the body of the subject;
b) a weight measuring means for measuring the weight of the subject in a standing position;
c) a support erected on the weight measuring means so as to be sandwiched between both knees of the subject standing on the weight measuring means;
d) impedance measuring means in the weight measuring means comprising an electrode that contacts the sole of the subject and an electrode that is provided on the support and contacts the inside of the knee of the subject;
e) estimation calculation means for estimating various information related to the body composition and health condition of the subject based on information from the body specifying information acquisition means, the weight measurement means, and the impedance measurement means;
It is characterized by having.

  Here, the impedance measuring means can approximate the impedance of the body part by a model in which impedances corresponding to at least fat tissue, muscle tissue and bone tissue are connected in parallel, and the composition ratio of each tissue and the structure One or multiple bodies connected in series based on a model that is configured by dividing the whole body of a human body for each body part so that the electrical characteristics of the entire tissue and each tissue can be considered constant It is possible to measure the impedance of a measurement target part including the part. In this case, the estimation calculation means includes not only information from the body specifying information acquisition means, weight measurement means, and impedance measurement means, but also impedance measurement results and tomographic images for the whole body and each body part of a plurality of prior subjects. Created based on the body composition standard information of the whole body and each body part of those pre-examined subjects measured and collected using a device capable of obtaining It is possible to estimate various types of information related to the body composition and health status of the subject using the estimated formula.

  For example, according to the nuclear magnetic resonance imaging apparatus (MRI), a cross-sectional image obtained by cutting the abdominal cavity, arms, legs, etc. of the human body at predetermined intervals can be taken, so that the biological tissue (fat, muscle, bone, etc.) for each cross-sectional image. The amount and occupation ratio of each tissue can be obtained by determining the amount and occupation ratio of each type, and by integrating the analysis results for all the cross sections included in the predetermined area. . Such measurements are made for a number of monitors (preliminary subjects) with different height, weight, age, sex, etc. (that is, the above-mentioned body specifying information) and impedance corresponding to each body part is measured. If an estimation formula is created based on this, a highly accurate estimation formula can be obtained (this method is referred to as an MRI method in this specification).

  That is, the above “measurement target site” is a site where the cross-sectional area ratio of the constituent tissue is approximately constant and can be approximated as a cylindrical model of a predetermined length. The leg part up to the vicinity of the child point) can be set as one body part on each of the left and right sides, or the lower leg part and the thigh part can be set as body parts respectively.

  The above-mentioned “various information related to body composition and health status” includes, for example, the body fat mass (rate), lean mass (rate), body water content (rate), muscle mass (rate), These include bone mass (rate), muscle strength, obesity, basal metabolism, energy metabolism, ADL index value that measures the ability of daily activity (ADL: Activity of Daily Life).

  The “body-specific information” includes information on the physique of the subject, such as height, weight, length of a part of a body (such as a leg), and the partial size of a body part such as the circumference of the body. In addition to age, sex, etc., it can also include various information affecting the body and health such as history of illness and injury. All of these body specifying information may be configured to be input from the outside, for example, by the operation of the subject or other measurement personnel, but generally the length of the measurement target part in the body, etc. The body-specific information acquisition means measures based on the height of the subject given from the outside as one of the body-specific information, or further considering weight, age, gender, etc. It may be configured to include a part length estimation unit that estimates the size of the target part and uses this as one of the body specifying information. Alternatively, the body specifying information acquiring unit may include a size measuring unit for actually measuring the size of the measurement target region of the subject.

  In the standing body composition measuring apparatus of the present invention, for example, the body weight measuring means is provided between a pair of electrodes provided so as to be in contact with the subject's sole or in contact with the sole. A weak alternating current is passed between the electrode and the electrode provided on the support. Then, a current passing through the left and right legs flows in series, and the potential difference generated in the current path due to the impedance of the part to be measured is measured via the measurement electrodes provided on the support and the weight measurement means. The impedance can be calculated from the voltage measurement value and the current value.

  The impedance calculated as described above is a body part whose impedance can be approximated by a model in which impedances corresponding to adipose tissue, muscle tissue and bone tissue are connected in parallel. It corresponds to the body part of a unit that can be considered that the constituent ratio of each tissue and the electrical characteristics of the whole constituent tissue and each tissue are constant. The body parts divided in this manner correspond fairly closely to a model used as a reference when calculating the body composition, that is, for example, an application model of the MRI method. Therefore, very accurate estimation can be performed on the body part modeled as described above.

  Therefore, according to the standing body composition measuring apparatus according to the present invention, it is possible to estimate the composition information and the like of each body part with high accuracy, as well as to the body composition information and the health condition of the whole body. Information can also be obtained accurately. In addition, since the subject can perform the measurement in an almost upright standing posture without difficulty, psychological resistance is extremely small, and the measurement can be performed easily and easily. In addition, since there is almost no preparation of subjects for measurement and it is easy to sequentially measure a plurality of subjects, a large number of people can be measured efficiently.

  Further, in the standing type body composition measuring apparatus according to the present invention, the body weight is measured and the measured body weight is used as one of the body specifying information, so that the subject inputs the body weight. Can be estimated, and more reliable body composition information based on actual measurement values can be estimated.

  The electrode provided on the support may be configured to be height adjustable. Thereby, without being restricted by the physique of the subject, the impedance can be measured by always contacting the electrode at an appropriate position on the body of the subject, so that the accuracy can be improved.

  Moreover, it is good for the said support body to set it as the structure further arrange | positioned as an electrode contained in the said impedance measurement means that the electrode which contacts the inner side (namely, end point) of a subject's eyelid.

  In general, the heel has a larger proportion of bone in the cross section than the shin or thigh. Therefore, it is possible to accurately obtain the bone mass and bone density of the subject's buttocks from the impedance and body identification information measured using the electrode that contacts the sole and the electrode that contacts the inside of the heel. it can.

  The support may further include an electrode that contacts the base of the thigh of the subject as an electrode included in the impedance measuring unit. According to this, it is possible to estimate not only the lower leg part of the subject but also the entire lower leg part and the muscle mass of the thigh part from the measured impedance and body specifying information.

  Furthermore, the upper end of the support body can be configured to be a seat portion on which a subject in a standing position straddles. Moreover, this seat part can be set as the structure which has the expansion-contraction mechanism which can be adjusted to an up-down direction according to a subject's crotch height. In this case, the height of the electrode disposed on the support may be adjusted in conjunction with the expansion and contraction of the seat. According to this configuration, each electrode arranged on the support reliably contacts a predetermined position of the subject (for example, the inside of the knee) regardless of the physique of the subject. It is advantageous for improvement.

  Moreover, it is good also as a structure provided with the leg part length measurement means which measures the length of a subject's leg part in response to the expansion / contraction of the said seat part as said body specific information acquisition means. That is, it is generally troublesome to measure the length of the body part, but in the above configuration, the leg length, which is an important body part length, is actually measured, so that the measurement work is further simplified and the measured value is highly accurate. Since body composition information can be estimated based on the accuracy, accuracy is further improved.

Best mode for carrying out the implementation

  The specific configuration and operation of the standing body composition measuring apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail below. First, prior to explaining a specific example, a method for measuring impedance and a method for calculating body composition information in the standing body composition measuring apparatus will be schematically described.

  FIG. 1 is an approximate model diagram of the impedance configuration of the human body corresponding to this measurement method. In this measurement method, the human body is subdivided into a plurality of segments, and the impedance of each segment unit or the impedance in which a plurality of segments are connected in series is obtained. Further, in order to improve the estimation accuracy of the body composition information based on the impedance, a segment is set for each part where the body composition is relatively constant, that is, easy to approximate to a cylindrical model described later.

  Specifically, for the entire body excluding the head, hands, and toes, the left wrist, left forearm, left upper arm, right wrist, right forearm, right upper arm, left thigh, left lower leg, The left ankle, right thigh, right lower leg, right ankle, and trunk are divided into 13 segments, and each of these 13 segments is associated with an independent impedance, and each impedance is shown in FIG. Assuming a connected model. Here, left wrist, left forearm, left upper arm, right wrist, right forearm, upper right arm, left thigh, left lower leg, left ankle, right thigh, right lower leg, right ankle, The impedances of the 13 segments of the trunk are described as ZLW, ZLFA, ZLUA, ZRW, ZRFA, ZRUA, ZLFL, ZLCL, ZLH, ZRFL, ZRCL, ZRH and ZT, respectively.

  In order to measure such 13 impedances, four current supply points Pi1 to Pi4 and 12 voltage measurement points Pv1 to Pv12 are set for the extremities of the subject. The current supply points Pi1 to Pi4 are near the base of the middle finger of the back of both hands and near the base of the middle finger of the back of both legs. On the other hand, the voltage measurement points Pv1 to Pv12 are left and right palms, left and right wrists, left and right elbows, left and right underarms, left and right ankles, and left and right knees.

  Now, if two of the four current supply points Pi1 to Pi4 are selected, a current is passed between them, and the potential difference between two predetermined voltage measurement points is measured, the potential difference is one impedance or It can be considered that the potential difference is induced at both ends of a plurality of impedances connected in series. In addition, since almost no current flows through the body part out of the current path, the segment corresponding to the part can be regarded as a mere conductive line with the impedance being ignored.

  As an example, as shown in FIG. 2, let us consider a case where a current is passed between the current supply points Pi3 and Pi4 of both feet. At this time, the potential difference between the voltage measurement points Pv5 and Pv6 of both ankles is a voltage corresponding to the impedance of ZLCL, ZLFL, ZRFL and ZRCL connected in series, that is, the impedance of the left and right legs. Further, the potential difference between the voltage measurement points Pv7 and Pv8 of both knees is a voltage corresponding to the impedance of ZLFL and ZRFL connected in series, that is, the impedance of the left and right thighs. Further, for example, the potential difference between the voltage measurement point Pv9 of the left palm and the voltage measurement point Pv7 of the left knee is that the left upper limb and trunk can be regarded as a mere conductive wire. The voltage corresponds to ZLFL.

  Since it is clear that the same measurement can be performed at other current supply points, voltage measurement points, and body parts, the impedance of the 13 segments can be obtained independently and accurately by using such measurement. be able to.

  In this measurement method, it is fundamental to obtain the impedance of the 13 segments independently. However, when performing a simple measurement, the four current supply points and the 12 voltage measurement points as described above are covered. It is difficult to install on the examiner's body. Therefore, a plurality of segments adjacent to each other can be connected in series and considered as one segment. For example, when it is desired to obtain body composition information related to a specific body part such as the muscle mass of the thigh, it is sufficient to measure even the impedance of a part of the body part. For this reason, it is not necessary to set all four current supply points and twelve voltage measurement points. If at least two current supply points and two voltage measurement points are provided, as described above. Impedance measurement is possible. The body composition information is estimated based on the measured impedance value and the body specifying information thus obtained.

  Next, a method for estimating body composition information based on the measured impedance value obtained as described above will be described. The feature of this estimation method is that an estimation formula created by utilizing body composition information collected by MRI is used when body composition information is estimated based on impedance measurement values and body identification information. .

  As is well known, MRI can obtain a cross-sectional image of an arbitrary part of a human body. According to the cross-sectional image, it is possible to know the amounts of body tissues such as muscles, fats, and bones in the cross-section and their ratios. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3A, a cross-sectional image obtained by cutting the body part in a longitudinal direction of the target body part for each predetermined thickness D is obtained, and fat, muscle, bone, and the like are obtained from each cross-sectional image. The amount (area) of body tissue is calculated. As a result, an area distribution of each tissue corresponding to the length direction of the body part as shown in FIG. 3B is obtained. This is integrated in the length direction, and the amount of each body tissue with respect to the body part is calculated. decide. In this measurement method, since the body is divided into 13 segments as described above, such an MRI method can be easily applied to each segment unit, and each segment can be easily approximated to a cylindrical body. Since it is set, the amount of each body tissue can be obtained with high accuracy.

  Hereinafter, some examples of the main body composition information estimation methods will be described.

[1] Estimation of body composition of whole body The composition referred to here is body fat percentage% Fat, lean body mass LBM, fat mass FM, and the like.
[1-1] Example of Method for Estimating Body Fat Ratio of Whole Body Conventionally, based on research by Lukaski (HC) et al., The following equation is used as an estimation formula for lean body mass (LBM) by the bioimpedance (BI) method. It is used.
LBM [kg] = a ₀ + b ₀ · (H ² / Z ₁ ) + c ₀ · W + d ₀ · Ag
Here, a ₀ , b ₀ , c ₀ , and d ₀ are constants (multiple regression coefficients), and the values differ depending on gender. Also, H, W, Ag, and Z ₁ are each the impedance between the height of the subject, the body weight, age and wrist ankle.
Using the lean mass LBM and the weight W, the body fat percentage% Fat is obtained by the following equation.
% Fat = [(W−LBM) / W] × 100
The fat amount FM is obtained by the following equation.
FM = W-LBM
Note that the lean mass LBM can be obtained by the method described later without using the above estimation formula.

[1-2] Example of Method for Estimating Whole Body Lean Mass The body composition is estimated by looking at each of the 13 segments constituting the body in a cylindrical model. The following two methods can be considered for this purpose.

[1-2-1] Method of creating multiple regression equations by regarding the limb and trunk segment units individually as independent variables. To simplify, divide the entire body into five segments of limbs and trunk. Think about the case. When the lean mass of the whole body is LBM, the lean mass of the left and right arms is LBM _h , the lean mass of the left and right legs is LBM _L , and the lean mass of the trunk is LBM _tr ,
LBM _h ∝ H _h ² / Z _h
H _h : Length of both arms or one arm, Z _h : Impedance of both arms or one arm LBM _L ∝H _L ² / Z _L
H _L : Length of both legs or one leg, Z _L : Impedance of both legs or one leg LBM _tr ∝H _tr ² / Z _tr
H _tr : trunk length, Z _tr is the trunk impedance. Therefore, the following equation (1) can be established.
LBM = a ₀ + b ₀ · H _h ² / Z _h + c ₀ · H _L ² / Z _L + d ₀ · H _tr ² / Z _tr + e ₀ · W + f ₀ · Ag (1)
Here, the weight W and the age Ag are supplemental parameters for improving the correlation. The term Ag is used to correct a difference in tissue characteristics due to age, and the term W is used to correct the influence of weight stress on bone tissue on characteristics such as bone density. Of course, since there are gender differences, the constants a ₀ , b ₀ , c ₀ , d ₀ , e ₀ , f ₀ differ depending on the gender.

In general, the H _h , H _L , and H _tr are highly correlated with the height H for each individual. Therefore, H _h , H _L and H _tr in the equation (1) can be replaced with the height H, and the following equation (2) is obtained.
_{LBM = a 0 '+ b 0} ' · H 2 / Z h + c 0 '· H 2 / Z L + d 0' · H 2 / Z tr + e 0 '· W + f 0' · Ag ... (2)
Here, Z _h may be the impedance of both arms or one arm, and in the case of one arm, it is estimated that the left and right are the same. The same is true for Z _L. Further, Z _h and Z _L are each affects the impedance of the two arms and two legs was measured separately, may be using the average value.

Further, in the expression (1), if the left and right of the limbs are considered to be independent, the following expression (3) is obtained.
^{_{LBM = a 0 "+ b 0}} " · H hR 2 / Z hR + c 0 "· H hL 2 / Z hL + d 0" · H LR 2 / Z LR + e 0 "· H LL 2 / Z LL + f 0" · H _tr ² / Z _tr + g ₀ "· W + h ₀ " · Ag (3)
H _hR : right arm _length , Z _hR : right arm impedance H _hL : left arm _length , Z _hL : left arm impedance H _LR : right leg _length , Z _LR : right leg impedance H _LL : right leg length, Z _LL : Right leg impedance

Further, in the equation (1), when the measurement can be subdivided into 13 segments as described above, the following equation (4) can be obtained.
LBM = a ₀ + b ₀ · H _UAR ² / Z _UAR + c ₀ · H _FAR ² / Z _FAR + d ₀ · H _UAL ² / Z _UAL + e ₀ · H _FAL ² / Z _FAL + f ₀ · H _FLR ² / Z _FLR + g ₀ · H _CLR ² / Z _CLR + h ₀ · H _FLL ² / Z _FLL + i ₀ · H _CLL ² / Z _CLL + j ₀ · H _tr ² / Z _tr + k ₀ · W + l ₀ · Ag (4)
However, not all variable terms need to be included in the equations (1), (2), (3), and (4), and they should be composed of substantially effective independent variable terms only. In other words, each of the above equations may be considered as an example of the maximum variable term.

[1-2-2] Method of estimating body composition for each segment unit and incorporating the estimated value into the estimation formula for body composition of the whole body LBM _h for arm fat loss and LBM for leg fat mass _{When L} and the fat-free mass of the trunk are LBM _tr , the following equation (5) can be established.
LBM = a ₀ + b ₀ · LBM _h + c ₀ · LBM _L + d ₀ · LBM _tr (5)
LBM _h = a ₁ + b ₁ · H _h ² / Z _h + c ₁ · W + d ₁ · Ag
LBM _L = a ₂ + b ₂ · H _L ² / Z _L + c ₂ · W + d ₂ · Ag
LBM _tr = a ₃ + b ₃ · H _tr ² / Z _tr + c ₃ · W + d ₃ · Ag
The expression (5) is an expression corresponding to the expression (1). Similarly, an expression corresponding to the expressions (3) and (4) can be created.

[1-3] Method for estimating whole body muscle mass and bone mass Generally, total body muscle mass (TMM) is about 50% of lean mass (LBM) based on conventionally known anatomical data. It is said that. Similarly, the total bone mass (TBM) of the whole body is said to be about 16% of the body weight W or about 18% of the lean body mass (LBM). Therefore, if this numerical value is used, the total muscle mass (TMM) and the total bone mass (TBM) can be easily estimated from the lean mass LBM and the body weight W obtained as described above.

Further, the total muscle mass (TMM) and the total bone mass (TBM) are significantly correlated with the lean mass (LBM). Therefore, a method of creating a multiple regression equation with variable terms similar to the LBM estimation equation is also conceivable.
TMM = a ₀ + b ₀ · H ² / Z ₁ + c ₀ · W + d ₀ · Ag
TBM = a ₁ + b ₁ · H ² / Z ₁ + c ₁ · W + d ₁ · Ag
Although the above equation is the most simplified equation, as described above, a more complicated estimation equation can be created in order to perform more accurate estimation.

[2] Estimation of body composition for each segment unit [2-1] Method of estimating lean mass A columnar composition model as shown in FIG. 4A is applied to each segment. In other words, each segment, adipose tissue of the cross-sectional area A _f, muscle tissue of the cross-sectional area A _m, has a bone tissue of the cross-sectional area A _b, both of which length is assumed to be L. Assuming that the volume resistivity of fat tissue, muscle tissue and bone tissue is ρ _f , ρ _m and ρ _b respectively, impedances Z _f , Z _m and Z _b of the fat tissue, muscle tissue and bone tissue are
Z _f = ρ _f · (L / A _f )
Z _m = ρ _m · (L / A _m )
Z _b = ρ _b · (L / A _b )
It is. The impedance Z _{0 in} segment units can be electrically approximated as a parallel model of impedances Z _f , Z _m , and Z _b of each tissue as shown in FIG. Therefore, the impedance Z ₀ is the following equation (11).
1 / Z ₀ = (1 / Z _f ) + (1 / Z _m ) + (1 / Z _b ) (11)

Let the volume of the lean _{body be} V _LBM and the density be D _LBM . The density D _LBM is known from previous studies. The lean mass LBM is
LBM = V _LBM・ D _LBM
It becomes. here,
V _LBM = A _LBM · L = (A _m + A _b ) · L = ρ _m · (L ² / Z _m ) + ρ _b · (L ² / Z _b ) (12)
It is. When transforming equation (11) and substituting it into equation (12),
V _LBM = ρ _m · L ² · [(1 / Z ₀ ) − (1 / Z _f )] + (ρ _b −ρ _m ) · (L ² / Z _b ) (13)
It becomes. Here, the relationship between the volume resistivity of each tissue is ρ _m << ρ _b << ρ _f .

First, considering the influence of distal local parts such as wrists and ankles (Condition A),
A _b << A _m
Can be considered. Therefore,
Z _f (= ρ _f · (L / A _f ))> Z _b (= ρ _b · (L / A _b )) >> Z _m (= ρ _m · (L / A _m ))> Z ₀
Applying this to equation (13)
V _LBM = ρ _m · (L ² / Z ₀ ) + (ρ _b −ρ _m ) · (L ² / Z _b ) (14)
It becomes. here,
ρ _m · (L ² / Z ₀ ) >> (ρ _b −ρ _m ) · (L ² / Z _b )
Because
V _LBM = ρ _m · (L ² / Z ₀ )
It is. Therefore,
LBM = D _LBM × ρ _m · (L ² / Z ₀ )
Therefore, the following relationship is established using the predetermined function f (x).
LBM = f (L ² / Z ₀ )

On the other hand, when considering the influence of distal local parts such as wrists and ankles (Condition B),
A _b <A _m
It can be. Therefore,
ρ _m · (L ² / Z ₀ )> (ρ _b −ρ _m ) · (L ² / Z _b ) = ΔV _b
In general, the heavier the body weight W, the larger the bone tissue volume V _b in order to hold the body, so the relationship of V _b ∝ΔV _b ∝f (W) can be estimated. Therefore, from equation (14),
V _LBM = ρ _m · (L ² / Z ₀ ) + (ρ _b −ρ _m ) · (L ² / Z _b ) = ρ _m · (L ² / Z ₀ ) + ΔV _b ≈ρ _m · (L ² / Z ₀ ) + f (W)
Therefore,
_{^{LBM = f (L 2 / Z}} 0, W)

Furthermore, taking into account changes due to aging of each tissue and differences due to gender differences etc., creating an estimation formula with multiple regression analysis,
LBM = a ″ + b ″ · (L ² / Z ₀ ) + c ″ · W + d ″ · Ag (15)
It becomes. Here, a ″, b ″, c ″, d ″ are constants (multiple regression coefficients), and the values differ depending on gender. The fat free mass LBM obtained by the MRI method is applied to the estimation equation of the multiple regression analysis, and constants a ″, b ″, c ″, d ″ may be obtained for each gender.

[2-2] Method for estimating muscle mass The method is basically the same as that for estimating the lean mass described above. When the volume of the muscle layer is V _MM and the density is D _MM , the muscle mass MM is
MM = V _MM・ D _MM
Next, the use of the impedance Z _m of the muscle layer,
V _MM = ρ _m · (L ² / Z _m )
It is.

Under condition A above,
MM≈LBM = a + b · (L ² / Z ₀ ) + c · Ag (16)
it is conceivable that. However, under condition B:
LBM = MM + BM = a + b · (L ² / Z ₀ ) + c · W + d · Ag (17)
The information of bone BM other than the muscle mass MM is included in the term of L ² / Z ₀ , and separation is impossible. So, consider the segment that satisfies conditions A and B among the nine segments.
Segments satisfying condition A: upper arm and thigh Segments satisfying condition B: forearm and lower thigh.

It is known that the correlation between the muscle masses of the upper arm and forearm, and the thigh and lower leg is very high for each individual. Therefore, estimated brachial muscle mass information MM _U, the forearm muscle mass information MM _F. That is, the following estimation formula is extracted based on the regression analysis of MM _UA and MM _FA calculated by the MRI method.
MM _FA = a _m + b _m · MM _UA (18)
Similarly using a thigh muscle mass information _{MM FL} calculated in MRI method to estimate the lower leg muscle mass _{MM CL.}
MM _CL = a ′ _m + b ′ _m · MM _FL (19)
Therefore, the muscle mass of the proximal segment such as the upper arm and the thigh satisfies the condition A, and can be obtained by the equation (16). Further, the forearm muscle mass and the lower leg muscle mass can be estimated by applying the upper arm muscle mass and the thigh muscle mass obtained by the equation (16) to the equations (18) and (19).

[2-3] Bone mass estimation method Focusing on the forearm and lower leg satisfying condition B, the fat _free mass LBM _FA and LBM _CL obtained by equation (15) are obtained by equations (18) and (19). By subtracting MM _FA and MM _CL , the bone masses BM _FA and BM _CL can be obtained.
BM _FA = LBM _FA -MM _FA (20)
BM _CL = LBM _CL -MM _CL (21)
Based on the bone mass obtained by the equations (20) and (21), the other segments satisfying the condition A and the bone mass of the whole body are estimated. That is, as in the case of muscle mass, for each individual, the bone mass of the forearm and the upper arm, and the bone mass of the thigh and lower leg are also highly correlated. Therefore, the following estimation formula is extracted based on the regression analysis of BM _FA and BM _CL calculated using the MRI method.
BM _UA = _ab + b _b · BM _FA (22)
BM _FL = a ′ _b + b ′ _b · BM _CL (23)
Similarly, it is also possible to calculate the estimation formula based on the whole body bone mass and the regression analysis by the MRI method such as the arm part and the leg part.

  Note that the above estimation method was based on the assumption that the amount of lean mass, muscle mass, muscle strength, bone mass, etc. for each segment was estimated, but the amount of lean mass, muscle mass, muscle strength per unit length in one segment. If an estimation equation is created on the assumption that bone mass is estimated, a more accurate result may be obtained. Such a method is particularly suitable for athletes having a special body shape, specifically when the left and right balances such as segment lengths are significantly different between the upper arm and forearm, or the thigh and lower leg. It is effective for.

Next, an example of a method for estimating muscle mass, bone mass, etc. as a value per unit length will be described. The relationship between the volume V, the cross-sectional area A, and the length L of the cylindrical model is
V = A ・ L
Because
V / L = A = ρ · (L / Z)
It is. The above formulas (16) to (23) can be rewritten as follows per unit length.
MM / L≈LBM / L = a + b · (L / Z ₀ ) + c · Ag (16) ′
LBM / L = (MM + BM) / L = a + b · (L / Z ₀ ) + c · W + d · Ag (17) ′
_{MM FA / L FA = a m} + b m · MM UA / L UA ... (18) '
MM _CL / L _CL = a ′ _m + b ′ _m · MM _FL / L _FL (19) ′
_{BM FA / L FA = LBM FA} / L FA -MM FA / L FA ... (20) '
BM _CL / L _CL = LBM _CL / L _CL -MM _CL / L _CL (21) '
BM _UA / L _UA = _ab + b _b · BM _FA / L _FA (22) '
BM _FL / L _FL = a ′ _b + b ′ _b · BM _CL / L _CL (23) ′
Therefore,
MM _UA = (MM _UA / L _UA ) ・ L _UA
MM _FA = (MM _FA / L _FA ) ・ L _FA
MM _FL = (MM _FL / L _FL ) ・ L _FL
MM _CL = (MM _CL / L _CL ) · L _CL
LBM _FA = (LBM _FA / L _FA ) ・ L _FA
LBM _CL = (LBM _CL / L _CL ) · L _CL
BM _UA = (BM _UA / L _UA ) ・ L _UA
BM _FA = (BM _FA / L _FA ) ・ L _FA
BM _FL = (BM _FL / L _FL ) ・ L _FL
BM _CL = (BM _CL / L _CL ) · L _CL

Moreover, in the expression using the function formula f,
MM _UA = f (L _UA ² / Z _UA )
Or f (L _UA ² / Z _UA , W, Ag)
MM _FL = f (L _FL ² / Z _FL )
Or f (L _FL ² / Z _FL , W, Ag)
^{_{MM FA = f (L FA 2}} / Z FA, L UA 2 / Z UA, W, Ag)
Or ^{_{f (L FA 2 / Z FA}} , L UA 2 / Z UA, W, Ag) · L FA
MM _CL = f (L _CL ² / Z _CL , L _FL ² / Z _FL , W, Ag)
Or f (L _CL ² / Z _CL , L _FL ² / Z _FL , W, Ag) · L _CL
It can be.

[3] Basal metabolic rate estimation method The general basal metabolic rate estimation method is as follows.
Basal metabolism (BM) [kCal] / day ≒ rest metabolic rate (RM) /1.2α resting oxygen intake _(VO 2 r) [mL / min] α lean body mass (LBM) (kg) α total muscle mass (TMM) [kg]
Here, for example, assuming that the LBM is 59.9 kg,
_{VO 2 r = (LBM + 7.36} ) /0.2929=229.635 [mL / min]
When RQ (respiration quotient) is constant at 0.82, the thermal productivity of 1 liter of O ₂ gas is 4.82 [kCal]. Therefore, the daily oxygen consumption is
229.635 [mL / min], 60 [min], 24 [Hr] = 330.684 [L]
Basal metabolic rate BM is
BM = 4.825 [kCal] .330.74 = 1595.5 [kCal]
It is.

Here, attention is paid to muscles in the tissue of lean mass LBM. According to this measurement method, the muscle mass MM of each segment can be estimated with high accuracy. Therefore, it is considered that the estimation accuracy of the basal metabolic rate BM and the resting metabolic rate RM can be improved by using the total muscle mass TMM rather than the lean mass LBM. That is, the following multiple regression equation may be created.
BM (or RM) = f (TMM)
Or
BM (or RM) = f (Σ of each segment MM)

Moreover, it can be estimated that there is a difference in contribution to the basal metabolic rate depending on the part of the muscle. Specifically, since it can be estimated that the leg portion contributes more to the basal metabolism than the arm portion, the muscle mass of the legs (thigh and lower leg) and the basal metabolism BM than the total muscle mass TMM. A high correlation with resting metabolic rate RM can be expected. Therefore, the following multiple regression equation should be created.
BM (or RM) = f (MM _FL , MM _CL )

Furthermore, fat tissue has been excluded in the past because it hardly contributes to the basal metabolic rate, but although it is less active than muscle tissue, it has a certain degree of metabolism and performs estimation with higher accuracy. An estimation formula that also considers adipose tissue is useful. That is, the following multiple regression equation may be created using the fat mass FM.
BM (or RM) = f (TMM, FM)
Conventionally, especially in the case of women, the correlation between the basal metabolic rate and the lean body mass is not necessarily high, but rather the correlation with the body weight is high. That is, this shows that the metabolism of adipose tissue cannot be ignored, and according to this measurement method, the amount of fat FM can be estimated with high accuracy. Therefore, the estimation of the basal metabolic rate considering such fat amount is improved. It is very effective.

[4] ADL index estimation method The ADL index is an index value used to judge how much the elderly and illness / accident caregivers have the ability to live a physically independent life. However, it replaces or supplements the Barcel index and FIM that have been used as ADL evaluation methods so far. In the ADL evaluation, it is necessary to evaluate actions corresponding to various daily activities of human beings, but this apparatus presents an ADL index mainly focusing on whether or not independent walking is possible. Specifically, the quadriceps muscle mass, the quadriceps maximum muscle strength, and the weight support index are used as the ADL index, but other index values may be used. Since the quadriceps muscle mass has a high correlation with the muscle mass of the leg or thigh including this quadriceps muscle, the muscle mass of the leg or thigh calculated as described above is used. Can be estimated easily. Further, since the maximum muscle strength has a high correlation with the muscle mass, the maximum muscle strength of the quadriceps can be easily estimated from the muscle mass of the quadriceps. Furthermore, a body weight support index can be estimated from this quadriceps maximum muscle strength and body weight.

  As described above, according to this measurement method, based on the regression analysis of each tissue amount calculated by the MRI method, the body composition information and the health condition such as each tissue amount and basal metabolism are reflected from the measured impedance value. Information can be estimated with high accuracy.

  Next, before describing the standing body composition measuring apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention, the first to third embodiments and the operation thereof will be described as specific configuration examples of the simple standing body composition measuring apparatus. Will be explained.

[First embodiment]
FIG. 5 is a top external view of the standing body composition measuring apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment that uses only the electrodes that contact the sole of the foot, and FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a usage state of the measuring apparatus 1. This standing body composition measuring apparatus 1 has left and right foot positioning portions 12L, 12R having a size similar to that of a general sole on a flat, substantially rectangular parallelepiped main body 11, and positioning both feet. Conductive electrodes 13L and 13R are provided in front of the portions 12L and 12R, that is, on the finger side, and measurement electrodes 14L and 14R are provided on the rear side, that is, on the heel side. An operation display panel 15 having a plurality of input keys and a display is provided on the main body 11. The main body 11 has a known weight measurement function, and as shown in FIG. 6, the weight is measured when the subject B is placed on the upper surface of the main body 11. Further, when the subject B places both feet on the both foot positioning portions 12L and 12R, the energization electrodes 13L and 13R come into contact with the finger side of the sole, and the measurement electrodes 14L and 14R are on the sole side of the sole. Contact. Thereby, current supply points Pi3 and Pi4 and voltage measurement points Pv11 and Pv12 in FIG. 1 are secured.

  FIG. 7 is an electric system configuration diagram of the measuring apparatus 1. The two energizing electrodes 13L and 13R are connected to a current source 112 that generates a constant-current high-frequency signal having a frequency f0, while the two measuring electrodes 14L and 14R are connected to an input terminal of a differential amplifier 113. Yes. Here, the frequency f0 of the high frequency signal is normally set appropriately within a range of 10 kHz to 100 kHz.

  The output of the differential amplifier 113 is connected to a bandpass filter (BPF) 114, where signal components other than the frequency f0 are removed. Thereafter, detection and rectification are performed by the detection unit 115 to extract a signal component of the frequency f 0, and further amplified by the amplifier 116. This signal is converted into a digital signal by an analog-digital (A / D) converter 117 and input to the arithmetic / control unit 111. The calculation / control unit 111 is mainly configured by a microcomputer including a CPU, ROM, RAM, and the like, and by executing various processes according to a control program stored in advance in the ROM, impedance measurement and body as described above can be performed. Achieving composition information estimation calculation processing, etc. The main body 11 includes a power source 118 such as a battery.

  A procedure for performing measurement by the measurement apparatus 1 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. When the subject B presses the power switch provided on the operation unit 151 to turn on the power (step S11), the apparatus is activated and measurement preparation processing including various initialization processing, self-examination processing of the measurement circuit system, and the like. Is executed (step S12). Next, the subject B inputs body specifying information such as height, age, and sex by operating each input key of the operation unit 151 (step S13). The calculation / control unit 111 determines whether or not the minimum necessary input items have been input (step S14), and if there is an uninput item, returns to step S13 to prompt input. If it is determined in step S14 that necessary items have been input, notification that measurement preparation is complete is performed by display or voice (step S15).

  Upon receiving this notification, the subject B stands upright with his / her feet on the foot positioning portions 12L and 12R as shown in FIG. 6 (step S16). At this time, if the fingertip or the like of the hand is in contact with the thigh, accurate measurement may be hindered. Therefore, it is recommended to take a standing posture with the arm away from the trunk. By adopting such a posture, the finger sides of both soles are in close contact with the energizing electrodes 13L and 13R, and the heel sides of both soles are in close contact with the measuring electrodes 14L and 14R, respectively.

  When the subject B takes a standing posture, the weight measuring unit 119 measures the weight of the subject B and gives the information to the calculation / control unit 111 (step S17). In parallel with this, the calculation / control unit 111 performs impedance measurement (step S18). That is, a weak high-frequency current is passed between the two energizing electrodes 13L and 13R from the current source 112, and the potential generated between both sides by the current is measured by the two measuring electrodes 14L and 14R. The measured value is given to the calculation / control unit 111. As is apparent from FIG. 2, the potentials measured at this time are the potentials at both ends of the left and right ankles ZLH, ZRH, left and right lower leg ZLCL, ZRCL, and left and right thighs ZLFL, ZRFL connected in series. It becomes.

  If the measured voltage value is abnormally large or small, and if the results of multiple measurements for the same part are not stable, it is possible that the measurement has not been performed correctly. In step S19, “Y”), an error is notified by display or a buzzer sound (step S23), and the measurement is terminated as it is. If it is determined that the measurement is normal, an end notification such as displaying a measurement end message on the display unit 152 is performed (step S20). With this notification, the subject B can solve the measurement posture, that is, can leave the main body 11. Thereafter, the calculation / control unit 111 calculates body composition information and health check information by executing predetermined calculation processing based on the impedance measurement value and the body specifying information including the weight measurement value ( In step S21), the result is displayed on the display unit 152 (step S22).

  As described above, the standing body composition measuring apparatus 1 can easily measure various information relating to the body composition, health, and the like and present it to the subject as in the case of a conventional weight scale.

  In addition, by utilizing the reciprocity theorem, the positional relationship between the energizing electrodes 13L and 13R and the measuring electrodes 14L and 14R is exchanged, and the measuring electrodes 14L and 14R on the fingertip side and the energizing electrodes 13L and 13R on the armpit side. May be arranged.

[Second Embodiment]
FIG. 9 is an external perspective view of the standing body composition measuring apparatus 2 according to the second embodiment to which an electrode that contacts the ankle is added, and FIG. 10 is an enlarged view showing a use state of the apparatus 2. Constituent elements that are the same as or correspond to the constituent elements of the measuring apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals, and descriptions thereof are omitted unless particularly necessary. This also applies to the devices in the third and subsequent embodiments.

  The body composition measuring apparatus 2 according to the second embodiment, like the apparatus according to the first embodiment, has left and right foot positioning portions 12L and 12R on the upper surface of the main body portion 11 having a function of weight measurement. Conductive electrodes 13L and 13R are provided on the finger sides of the portions 12L and 12R, and measurement electrodes 14L and 14R are provided on the heel side. Furthermore, upright pieces 16L and 16R which are substantially upright with leaf spring property are provided inside the heels of the both foot positioning portions 12L and 12R, and the measurement electrode 14L is provided on the outer surface of the upright pieces 16L and 16R. , 14R and measurement electrodes 17L, 17R are provided.

  When the subject B places both feet on the both foot positioning portions 12L, 12R, the energization electrodes 13L, 13R are in contact with the finger side of the sole, and the measurement electrodes 14L, 14R are in contact with the heel side of the sole. This is the same as the measuring apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment. In addition to this, in the present apparatus 2, the standing pieces 16L and 16R are respectively biased outward, so that when the subject B slightly tightens both knees inward, for example, on the left foot side, FIG. As shown, the measurement electrode 17L contacts the inner side of the subject B. Similarly, on the right foot side, the measurement electrode 17R contacts the inner side of the subject B's heel. As a result, the current supply points Pi3 and Pi4 and the voltage measurement points Pv11 and Pv12 in FIG. 1 are secured, and the voltage measurement points Pv5 and Pv6 for measuring the left and right ankle impedances ZLH and ZRH independently. Secured to the trap.

  The measurement electrodes 17L and 17R may be made of metal such as stainless steel, but in order to increase adhesion, a cushioning material such as conductive rubber, conductive plastic, or the like may be used. A configuration may be adopted in which a conductive material such as a metal film is disposed on the contact surface with a cushion material or the like interposed therebetween.

  FIG. 11 is an electric system configuration diagram of the measuring apparatus 2. In this measuring device 2, as described above, four measuring electrodes are provided. Therefore, any two of the four measuring electrodes are selected and the potential difference between the two measuring electrodes is measured. It is configured to be able to. That is, the electrode selection unit 120 selects two of the four signal lines connected to the measurement electrodes 14L, 14R, 17L, and 17R based on an instruction from the calculation / control unit 111 to select the differential amplifier 113. Connect to the input.

  The calculation / control unit 111 controls the electrode selection unit 120 so that signals are selected in a predetermined order in the process of step S18 in the flowchart of FIG. 8, and two measurement electrodes selected each time the switching is performed. The signal value corresponding to the potential difference between them is read to determine the impedance. At this time, the left and right ankles ZLH and ZRH, the left and right lower leg ZLCL and ZRCL, the left and right lower leg part ZLCL and ZRCL, and the left and right lower leg part ZLCL and ZRFL The series impedance of the segment, the left ankle impedance ZLH, and the right ankle impedance ZRH can be obtained. Thereby, the estimation precision of body composition information can be improved rather than the measuring apparatus of 1st Example.

  In the measurement apparatus 2 of the second embodiment, the measurement electrodes 17L and 17R are in contact with the inside of the heel of the subject B. However, the standing pieces 16L and 16R are configured like the measurement apparatus 2a shown in FIG. Is provided on the outside of the leg positioning portions 12L and 12R in the vicinity of the heel, the measuring electrodes 17L and 17R are disposed on the upper inner side surfaces of the standing pieces 16L and 16R, and the measuring electrodes 17L and 17R are in contact with the outside of the heel. It is good also as composition to do. Furthermore, as in the measurement apparatus 2b shown in FIG. 13, the standing pieces 16L and 16R are provided on the rear side of the heels of the both foot positioning portions 12L and 12R, and the measurement electrodes 17L and 17L are formed on the upper front side surfaces of the standing pieces 16L and 16R. As shown in FIG. 14, the same measurement can be performed with a configuration in which the measurement electrodes 17 </ b> L and 17 </ b> R are in contact with the back side of the subject's B as shown in FIG. 14.

  Furthermore, the measuring device 2b shown in FIG. 13 can be modified into the form depicted in FIG. In the measuring apparatus 2c of this example, instead of providing standing pieces, a stepped portion 18 having recesses at two locations and having an inclined wall surface at the front is provided so as to cover both sides from the rear. Measurement electrodes 17L and 17R are arranged in the provided recesses, respectively. 13 is functionally the same as the measuring device 2b shown in FIG. 13, but in the device 2c of this example, a relatively sharp member such as an upright piece does not protrude from the upper surface of the main body 11, so that Safety can be improved.

[Third embodiment]
FIG. 16 is an external perspective view of the standing body composition measuring apparatus 3 according to the third embodiment. This measuring device 3 is provided with measuring electrodes 17L and 17R that are in contact with the inner sides of both sides of the subject in the same manner as the measuring device 2 according to the second embodiment, but considering the difference in the physique of the subject, The heights of the measurement electrodes 17L and 17R are configured to be adjustable. FIG. 17 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the electrode holding portion 20 provided with an electrode height adjusting mechanism.

  In FIG. 17, the adjustment knob 201 is fixed to a substantially cylindrical shaft body 202 having a thread groove cut on the outer peripheral surface, and a thread that is screwed into the screw groove of the shaft body 202 is formed on the inner peripheral surface. The measurement electrodes 17L and 17R are attached to both sides of the electrode holder 203, and the measurement electrodes 17L and 17R pass through a vertically long guide hole 205 provided in the cover 204 and appear laterally. Thus, when the adjustment knob 201 is rotated, the electrode holder 203 moves up and down along the axial direction of the shaft body 202, and the measurement electrodes 17L and 17R slide. Therefore, by appropriately rotating the adjustment knob 201 in accordance with the position of the subject's heel, the measurement electrodes 17L and 17R can be reliably brought into contact with the heel regardless of the physique of the subject.

  Furthermore, a distance measuring sensor 206 constituted by a pair is provided at a position where the lower surface of the electrode holder 203 and the upper surface of the main body 11 face each other. As long as the distance measuring sensor 206 is a sensor capable of measuring the distance between the two, for example, various sensors using ultrasonic waves, laser light, and the like can be used. Alternatively, the moving distance in the vertical direction may be converted into the number of rotations of the adjustment knob 201, and the distance may be calculated by mechanically counting the number of rotations. As described above, when the height adjustment is performed so that the measurement electrodes 17L and 17R are surely in contact with the subject B's heel, the detection value by the distance measuring sensor 206 is obtained from the subject's foot. The value corresponds to the height up to. That is, since this is a part of information on the physique of the subject, for example, the height and the length of each part of the body can be estimated from this information, and the estimated value can be used as the body specifying information. As a result, the estimation accuracy of the body composition information is further increased, and for example, the number of body specifying information that should be input by the subject at the time of measurement can be reduced, and the labor for measurement can be reduced.

  In addition, in the measurement electrodes 17L and 17R that are in contact with the inner side or the outer side of the heel as in the present embodiment (and in the following embodiments), the adhesion is improved in consideration of the shape of the heel portion of the human body. Such a form is preferable. As an example, as shown in FIG. 39 (A), the surface abutting against the heel is flattened, or as shown in FIG. 39 (B), it is curved so as to be fitted into a bulge having a bulging shape. Or a concave surface. Thereby, even if the pressing force is insufficient, high adhesion can be obtained.

  FIG. 18 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the electrode holding unit 20 in a measuring device of a modification of the measuring device 3 of the third embodiment, and FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a usage state of this measuring device. In this measuring apparatus, a holding plate 207 is attached to an electrode holder 203 that moves up and down as the adjustment knob 201 rotates, and the measuring plate 17L is attached to the holding plate 207 by a distance d1 below the electrode 17L. A marker 208 that horizontally emits a weak laser beam having a weak power is fixed to the spaced position. Accordingly, when the adjustment knob 201 is rotated, the measurement electrode 17L and the marker 208 move up and down while maintaining the distance d1.

  As a measuring method, as shown in FIG. 19, the height of the marking M that appears on the skin surface of the subject B by the emitted light from the marker 208 is just inside the eyelid of the subject B with the adjustment knob 201. Adjust. Then, the measurement electrodes 17L and 17R come into contact with the inside of the shin portion at a position higher by a distance d1 from the heel. As a result, the measurement electrodes 17L and 17R can always be brought into contact with the position away from the subject's heel by the distance d1. Such an electrode arrangement is different from the standard electrode arrangement described above, but the following characteristic measurement is possible.

  That is, the voltage between the measuring electrodes 17L and 17R, which is in contact with the position higher by the distance d1 from the ridge as described above, is in the vicinity of both ridges from the impedance in which ZLCL, ZLFL, ZRFL, and ZRCL are connected in series in FIG. The value corresponds to the impedance excluding the impedance of the portion corresponding to the distance d1). In general, since the occupying ratio of the bone in the cross-sectional area is large, the heel tends to cause an error when considered as a cylindrical model as described above. Therefore, by excluding this part, it becomes possible to apply the cylindrical model more strictly, and it is possible to estimate body composition information such as muscle mass more accurately.

  On the other hand, the voltage between the measurement electrode 14L (or 14R) and the measurement electrode 17L (or 17R) corresponds to the impedance of ZLH (or ZRH) in FIG. It becomes a value corresponding to the impedance obtained by adding the impedance of the part). That is, contrary to the above, since a site where the bone occupying ratio is large is measured, it is possible to estimate body composition information related to bone such as bone mass and bone density with higher accuracy.

  Next, the configurations and operations of the fourth to eighth embodiments, which are embodiments of the standing body composition measuring apparatus according to the present invention, and the configurations and operations of the ninth to eleventh embodiments, which are further modified examples, Will be described.

[Fourth embodiment]
FIG. 20 is an external perspective view of the standing body composition measuring device 4 according to the fourth embodiment, and FIG. 21 is a front view showing the usage state of the measuring device 4. The measuring device 4 includes the height-adjustable measuring electrodes 17L and 17R that are in contact with the inner sides of both sides of the subject B as in the measuring device 3 according to the third embodiment. The measurement electrodes 22L and 22R that contact the inside of the subject's knee, the height of which can be adjusted by the configuration, are provided. In other words, the height of the measurement electrodes 17L and 17R can be adjusted by rotating the adjustment knob 201 to be brought into contact with the inner side of the subject B, and the measurement can be performed by rotating the adjustment knob 211. The heights of the electrodes 22L and 22R for use can be adjusted to ensure contact with the inside of the knee of the subject B. Thereby, current supply points Pi3 and Pi4 and voltage measurement points Pv11, Pv121, Pv5, Pv6, Pv7, and Pv8 in FIG. 1 are secured.

  Although not shown, the electrical system configuration of the measurement device 4 of the fourth embodiment is the same as that of the measurement device 2 of the second embodiment, in which the number of measurement electrodes is expanded from four to six. The number of power potentials increases. Thereby, the estimation precision of body composition information can be improved rather than the measuring apparatus of 2nd Example.

  Also in the configuration of the measuring device 4 of the fourth embodiment, marking is performed at the knee position, and the measurement electrodes 22L and 22R are brought into contact with the inner side of the thigh separated from the marking position by a predetermined distance d3. be able to. The configuration for this is shown in FIG.

  Furthermore, the measuring apparatus according to the fourth embodiment can be modified as a measuring apparatus 4a shown in FIG. That is, the operation display panel 15 is provided not on the upper surface of the main body 11 but on the upper surface of the electrode holding unit 20. Thereby, since the operation display panel 15 approaches the position of the eye of the subject, the display is easy to see and easy to operate.

[Fifth embodiment]
FIG. 23 is an external perspective view of the standing body composition measuring apparatus 5 according to the fifth embodiment. This measuring device 5 is similar to the measuring device 4 according to the fourth embodiment. The height-adjustable measuring electrodes 17L and 17R that are in contact with the inner sides of both sides of the subject, and the knee that is also height-adjustable. In addition to measuring electrodes 22L and 22R that are in contact with the inner side, measuring electrodes 25L and 25 that are in contact with the bases of both thighs are provided. That is, on the electrode holding portion 20, a seat portion 24 is provided on which a subject straddles with a height adjusting portion 23 that can be vertically expanded and contracted, and measuring electrodes 25L, 25R is arranged. Thus, current supply points Pi3 and Pi4 and voltage measurement points Pv11, Pv12, Pv5, Pv6, Pv7, Pv8, and Pv13 in FIG. 1 are secured.

  As shown in FIG. 24, the height adjusting unit 23 has upper and lower holding bodies 232 and 233 connected by a coil spring 234 and the outside thereof is covered with a bellows-like cover 231. A distance measuring sensor 235 is provided at a position where the holding bodies 232 and 233 are opposed to each other, and detects the distance between them.

  As shown in FIG. 25, the subject B places both feet on the foot positioning portions 12L and 12R while straddling the seat portion 24. Then, it is pressed by the subject B and the spring 234 of the height adjusting unit 23 contracts, and the measuring electrodes 25L and 25R are brought into close contact with the inner crotch of the subject B by the biasing force of the spring 234. Further, since the leg length (such as thigh length) can be calculated from the detection value of the distance measuring sensor 235, the measurement value obtained by the sensor 235 is used as the leg length which is a part of the body specifying information. Can be used.

  As can be seen from FIG. 2, it can be considered that there is almost no impedance in the body part between the measurement electrodes 25L and 25R, so that the seat portion of the measurement apparatus 5 of the fifth embodiment can be considered. 24 can be measured with substantially the same accuracy even in a modified form as shown in FIG.

[Sixth embodiment]
FIG. 27 is an external perspective view of the standing body composition measuring apparatus 6 according to the sixth embodiment. This measuring device 6 is similar to the measuring device 5 according to the fifth embodiment, but between the measuring electrodes 14L, 14R and the measuring electrodes 17L, 17R and between the measuring electrodes 17L, 17R and the measuring electrode 22L. , 22R are provided with height adjustment parts 26, 27 having the same configuration as the height adjustment part 23 in the fifth embodiment, and the three height adjustment parts 23, 26, 27 The spring is set to contract at a predetermined ratio with respect to the pressing force from above. This ratio is determined in advance according to the height from the sole to the heel, the height to the knee, and the height to the crotch of a subject having a standard physique. Therefore, when the subject takes a standing posture in a state where the subject straddles the seat portion 24 as shown in FIG. 25, except for subjects having a very special physique, the height adjusting portions 23, 26, 27 contracts at a predetermined ratio, and as a result, the measurement electrodes 17L and 17R reliably contact the inner side of the heel and the measurement electrodes 22L and 22R reliably contact the inner side of the knee. Therefore, it is not necessary to adjust the height of each measurement electrode to an appropriate position, and the measurement work can be saved.

  Further, the measuring apparatus of the sixth embodiment can be modified like a measuring apparatus 6a shown in FIG. That is, the operation display panel 15 is provided not on the upper surface of the main body 11 but on the upper surface of the seat 24. Thereby, since the operation display panel 15 approaches the position of the eye of the subject, the display is easy to see and easy to operate. Of course, it goes without saying that the same modification can be made to the measuring apparatus according to the fifth embodiment.

[Seventh embodiment]
FIG. 28 is an external perspective view of the standing body composition measuring apparatus 7 according to the seventh embodiment. This measuring device 7 is the measuring device of the fourth embodiment in that the measuring electrodes 14L, 14R, 17L, 17R, 22L, and 22R are brought into contact with the heel and knees in addition to the soles of the subject. 4, but the measurement electrodes 17 </ b> L, 17 </ b> R, 22 </ b> L, 22 </ b> R are provided on a refracting Z-shaped arm 28 having two rotating shafts 281, 282, and a recess 11 a formed in the main body 11. The arm 28 can be housed in the arm. Thereby, when not in use, the arm 28 can be stored at substantially the same height as the upper surface of the main body 11, and it is easy to carry and easy to secure a storage space. Further, the rotation shafts 281 and 282 of the arm 28 can be maintained in a refractive state at an arbitrary position, and as shown in FIG. 29, the arm 28 is appropriately refracted according to the position of the subject B's heel and knee. Thus, the contact positions of the measurement electrodes 17L, 17R, 22L, and 22R can be appropriately determined.

  Further, a switch 29 for arm storage detection is disposed at a position where the arm 28 is in close proximity or contact when the arm 28 is stored in the recessed portion 11a, and the arm 28 is stored by turning on / off the switch 29. It is configured to be able to detect whether it is a state or a drawn state. In the state in which the arm 28 is housed in the recessed portion 11a, only the measurement electrodes 14L and 14R that are in contact with the subject's foot are effective, so the voltage between the electrodes 14L and 14R is measured and calculated accordingly. Based on the impedance, estimation of the muscle mass of the lower limbs is performed. On the other hand, in the state in which the arm 29 has been pulled out by the switch 29, it can be determined that the measurement electrodes 17L, 17R, 22L, and 22R that are in contact with the subject's heel and knee are also effective. Therefore, when the arm is housed, the measurement mode is changed, voltage measurement is performed using the measurement electrodes 17L, 17R, 22L, and 22R, and the estimation of bone mass and bone density is performed from the impedance. In this way, the state of the arm 28 can be detected and the measurement mode can be switched appropriately.

  The storage capacity similar to that of the measuring device of the seventh embodiment can be applied to the measuring devices of the other embodiments. 45 to 48 are views showing an example in which the storage property is added to the measuring apparatus of the second embodiment. In the measuring device 2d shown in FIG. 45, the standing pieces 16L and 16R provided with measurement electrodes on both surfaces are provided so as to be rotatable about the shafts 161L and 161R, respectively, and in the tilted state, the recesses provided in the main body 11 are provided. It is comprised so that it may fit in the part 11aL and 11aR. In the state of being housed in the recessed portions 11aL and 11aR as described above, the measurement electrode directed vertically upward is positioned under the heel (see FIG. 46), and the measurement electrode is located under the heel. It functions as the measurement electrodes 14L and 14R that come into contact with each other. On the other hand, in the state where the standing pieces 16L and 16R are erected, the measurement electrode contacts the inside of the bag and functions as the measurement electrodes 17L and 17R. Further, as described above, the function of the measurement electrode can be switched based on a detection signal from the switch 29 such as a magnetic type. According to this configuration, since the measurement electrode can also be used, a highly functional device can be provided at a low cost.

  In the measuring device 2e shown in FIG. 47, the upright pieces 16L and 16R provided with the measurement electrodes 17L and 17R are formed into a substantially U-shaped pipe body and can be accommodated in the recessed portions 11aL and 11aR of the main body 11. It is said. In this configuration, the measurement electrodes 17L and 17R that come into contact with the heel when the upright pieces 16L and 16R are erected and the measurement electrodes 14L and 14R that come into contact with the heel can be used at the same time. Storage and portability can also be achieved. Of course, various other forms are possible.

[Eighth embodiment]
FIG. 30 is an external perspective view of the standing body composition measuring apparatus 8 according to the eighth embodiment. The measuring devices of the above-described embodiments described so far are configured such that the electrodes are in contact with only the legs, but in the standing body composition measuring devices according to the eighth and subsequent embodiments, further contact with the hand is performed. Electrode.

  That is, in FIG. 30, the measurement electrodes 14L, 14R, 17L, 17R, 22L, and 22R that contact the back of the heel, the inside of the heel, and the inside of the knee are the same as in the fourth embodiment (however, the height adjustment function is provided). No) is provided in the electrode holding portion 20, and a T-shaped arm bar 31 is provided extending from the electrode holding portion 20. Grip-shaped measuring electrodes 32L and 32R are provided at both ends of the arm bar 31, and the subject B placed on the main body 11 in a standing posture holds the grip, and the measuring electrodes 32L and 32R are tested. The palm of the person. Thereby, voltage measurement points Pv9 and Pv10 in FIG. 1 are secured. As described above, when current flows in both legs, the impedance of the trunk and arms can be almost ignored, and the lines connecting the voltage measurement points Pv13 and Pv9 and Pv13 and Pv10 are the voltage It can be considered that it is just a conducting wire in measuring In other words, it can be considered that the measurement conditions are the same when the voltage measurement point is set on the palm and when the voltage measurement point is set on the crotch. Therefore, in such a configuration, it is possible to perform measurement with almost the same accuracy by taking the action of simply gripping the grip instead of the action of straddling.

  The left and right measurement electrodes 32L and 32R may be common, or only one of the left and right electrodes may be arranged. Further, the same measurement as described above may be performed even if the measurement electrodes 32L and 32R are used as energization electrodes, that is, current supply points Pi1 and Pi2 in FIG. Is possible. In addition, one of the measurement electrodes 32L and 32R may be used as a current-carrying electrode and the other as a measurement electrode.

  Further, for example, the arm bar 31 is rotatable in a predetermined range in the front-rear direction, and the measurement electrodes 14L, 14R, 22L, 22R that come in contact with the knees and heels move in the height direction according to the rotation position. By adopting the configuration, the subject himself / herself can easily adjust the positions of the measurement electrodes 14L, 14R, 22L, and 22R.

  FIG. 31 is a perspective view showing a usage state of the standing body composition measuring apparatus 8a according to a modification of the eighth embodiment. In this measuring device 8a, bent stock-like bars 50L and 50R are rotatably provided within a predetermined range in the left-right direction, and measuring electrodes 22L and 22R that are in contact with the knee are attached to the horizontally extending portions below the bent bars. In addition, grip-shaped measurement electrodes 32L and 32R are provided at the upper end of the vertically extending portion. As shown in the figure, the subject B places both feet on the both foot positioning portions 12L and 12R, and tilts the bars 50L and 50R inward by grasping the measurement electrodes 32L and 32R. Then, the measurement electrodes 22L and 22R come into contact with the outside of both knees of the subject B, respectively. Further, when both knees are tightened inward by lightly pressing the knees from the outside, there is an advantage that the adhesion between the inside of the heel and the measurement electrodes 17L and 17R increases.

  Further, FIG. 41 is an external perspective view of a standing body composition measuring apparatus 8b according to a modification of the eighth embodiment. In the measuring device 8b, the operation display panel 15 is provided not between the upper surface of the main body 11 but between the measurement electrodes 32L and 32R of the arm bar 31. Thereby, since the operation display panel 15 is located substantially in front of the line of sight of the subject, the display is easy to see and operate.

[Ninth embodiment]
FIG. 42 is an external perspective view of a standing body composition measuring apparatus 8c according to the ninth embodiment. The measuring device 8c is similar to the measuring device 8a in that the measurement electrodes 22L and 22R contacting the knee are attached to the horizontally extending portions of the left and right bars 50L and 50R connected at the upper part. In the present apparatus 8c, the entire bars 50L and 50R are configured to be slidable in a vertical range within a predetermined range. When the bars 50L and 50R are lowered, the measurement electrodes 22L and 22R are placed on the subject B's heel. The outside can be contacted. That is, when the bars 50L and 50R are manually moved by the subject B, the measurement electrodes 22L and 22R for contacting the knee function as measurement 17L and 17R for contacting the heel. In the apparatus 8c, as the measurement progresses, the subject B is instructed to move the bars 50L and 50R up and down through display and sound, and the position is detected according to the movement position (for example, the position is detected by a switch or the like) ) The measurement values by the measurement electrodes 22L and 22R are handled as corresponding to the knee or corresponding to the heel. In this configuration, although the operation of the subject is slightly troublesome at the time of measurement, there is an advantage that the number of measurement electrodes is small and the apparatus can be provided at low cost.

[Tenth embodiment]
FIG. 43 is a perspective view showing a measurement state using the standing body composition measuring apparatus 8d according to the tenth embodiment, and FIG. 44 is an external perspective view showing a state in which the apparatus 8d is housed. The measuring device 8d is particularly designed in consideration of storability and portability, and is a support 51 provided with measurement electrodes 32L and 32R that contact the palm and measurement electrodes 22L and 22R that contact the back side of the knee. Is configured to rotate about two horizontal shafts 52 and 53. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 44, when not in use, the entire support body 51 can be folded so as to be approximately the same size as the main body 11. On the other hand, in use, as shown in FIG. 43, the subject B only has to lift the support 51 after being placed at a predetermined position on the main body 11. By pulling up, the measurement electrodes 22L and 22R tend to move forward, so that the adhesion to the back of the knee is also improved.

[Eleventh embodiment]
FIG. 32 is a perspective view showing a state in use by the standing body composition measuring apparatus 9 according to the eleventh embodiment. The measuring device 9 includes an upper limb measuring unit 40 that the subject B holds with both hands, in addition to the main body 11 having a function of a scale, and both are connected by a cable 41.

  FIG. 33 is an external perspective view of the upper limb measurement unit 40. The upper limb measurement unit 40 has a substantially U-shaped main body portion 42 whose left and right end portions are bent rearward, and substantially cylindrical grip portions 44L and 44R are provided at both end portions directed rearward. ing. Conductive electrodes 45L and 45R are provided above the side peripheral surfaces of the grip portions 44L and 44R, and measurement electrodes 46L and 46R are spaced apart from each other. The other side surfaces of the bent portions of the main body 42 are provided with other electrodes. Measurement electrodes 47L and 47R are provided. In addition, a display unit 43 including a liquid crystal display panel for displaying characters, numbers, figures, and the like is provided on the front surface of the central portion of the main body 42 sandwiched between the measurement electrodes 47L and 47R. Further, an operation switch may be provided on the main body 42.

  At the time of measurement, as shown in FIG. 32, the subject B puts his thumb on the front side of the upper surface of the grip portions 44L and 44R and turns the index finger to the little finger to the other side so that the left and right grip portions 44L, 44 Grasp 44R and extend both arms almost straight forward. Then, the entire thumb of both hands and the vicinity of the index finger and the middle finger of the middle finger are in contact with the energization electrodes 45L and 45R, the palms of both hands are in contact with the left and right measurement electrodes 46L and 46R, and the wrist inside of both hands is for the left and right measurement. Contact the electrodes 47L and 47R. Thereby, the current supply points Pi1, Pi2 and the voltage measurement points Pv1, Pv2, Pv9, Pv10 in FIG. 1 are secured. The energization electrode 45L (and 45R) and the measurement electrode 46L (and 46R) can obtain substantially equivalent performance even if their functions are interchanged.

  FIG. 36 is an electrical system configuration diagram of the measuring apparatus 9 according to the eleventh embodiment. In this measuring device 9, current supply points are provided not only on the soles of both feet but also on both hands, so that two of the four energization electrodes 13L, 13R, 45L, and 45R are selected for energization. A switching unit 120b is provided, and the measurement electrode switching unit 120a selects two of the ten measurement electrodes 14L, 14R, 17L, 17R, 22L, 22R, 46L, 46R, 47L, and 47R. . In this configuration, current is passed through both upper limbs, one upper limb, one trunk, and one lower limb by supplying current by selecting the electrodes for energization of both hands or one hand and one foot. be able to. Therefore, it is possible to measure not only the impedance of the lower limb but also the impedance of the upper limb and trunk. In addition, by selecting an electrode appropriately, it is possible to measure the impedance of details such as wrists, ankles, and crus. Therefore, the accuracy can be further improved when calculating the body composition information of the entire body of the subject.

  FIG. 34 is a perspective view showing a usage state of the measuring device 9a according to a modification of the eleventh embodiment, and FIG. 35 is an enlarged view of a grip portion used in the measuring device 9a. In this measuring device 9a, the left and right grip portions 44L and 44R are independently connected to the electrode holding portion 20 by a cable 41. Therefore, although there is no measurement electrode that contacts the wrist, it is not necessary to take a posture in which both arms are extended forward, and measurement can be performed in a standing posture with the heel open so that both arms do not contact the torso. Yes.

  In addition, the standing body composition measuring device having the above-described configuration may be configured to incorporate a device that has a favorable effect on the whole body or a part of the body tissue. FIG. 49 is a diagram showing an example of such an apparatus. In this example, in addition to the body composition measurement unit 300 that performs the measurement as described above, a vibration unit 301 such as an ultrasonic vibration plate is built in the main body unit 11, and a drive signal from a drive circuit (not shown) is used. When the vibration unit 301 vibrates, mechanical vibration propagates to the subject B through the upper surface of the main body unit 11 (for example, the foot positioning units 12L and 12R). When vibration is applied from the foot sole on which the body weight is applied, the vibration adds good stimulation to the bone tissue of the subject, which is useful for strengthening the bone tissue. Therefore, according to this configuration, the vibration unit 301 is operated as necessary to strengthen the bone tissue, and the effect can be confirmed by the result of measurement by the body composition measurement unit 300. Moreover, you may incorporate the apparatus which gives favorable electrical stimulation with respect to a biological tissue besides mechanical stimulation.

  By the way, there is no problem in the configuration in which the heights of the measurement electrodes 17L, 17R, 22L, and 22R that come into contact with the heel and knee are adjustable, but in the configuration in which the positions of these electrodes are fixed, Due to the difference in the physique of the person, these electrodes do not come into contact with the desired location, and there is a possibility that a measurement error due to the positional deviation occurs. Therefore, it is preferable to incorporate a process for correcting such misalignment as follows.

  In the measurement position deviation correction process, the statistical length of the limb details estimated from the body specifying information of the subject used as input information can be used as a parameter. Then, a correction value may be calculated based on the relationship between the estimated length (La) and the electrode fixing distance (Lb). As an example, the correspondence between the deviation (ΔL = La−Lb) and the correction coefficient α as shown in FIG. 37 is obtained in advance and stored. Then, the correction coefficient α is obtained from the deviation ΔL obtained at the time of measurement, and the impedance Zx is corrected by multiplying the impedance Zx actually obtained by the correction coefficient α. Then, body composition information is estimated based on the corrected impedance. Thereby, even if the electrode position is fixed, the error due to the difference in the physique of the subject is reduced, and highly accurate measurement is possible.

The approximate model figure of the impedance structure of a human body corresponding to the measuring method used with the standing type body composition measuring apparatus of this invention. The simplified model figure in the case of applying the approximate model figure of FIG. 1 to an actual measurement. The conceptual diagram (a) which shows the cross-sectional image of the body part acquired by MRI, and the area distribution map (b) of each structure | tissue corresponding to the length direction of a body part. A cylindrical composition model (a) and an equivalent circuit (b) used in this measurement method. The upper surface external view of the standing type body composition measuring apparatus by 1st Example. The figure which shows the use condition of the standing type body composition measuring apparatus by 1st Example. The electrical system block diagram of the standing type body composition measuring apparatus by 1st Example. The flowchart which shows the procedure at the time of measuring with the standing type body composition measuring apparatus by 1st Example. The external appearance perspective view of the standing type body composition measuring apparatus by 2nd Example. The enlarged view which shows the use condition of the standing type body composition measuring apparatus by 2nd Example. The electrical system block diagram of the standing type body composition measuring apparatus by 2nd Example. The external appearance perspective view of the standing type body composition measuring apparatus by the modification of 2nd Example. The external appearance perspective view of the standing type body composition measuring apparatus by the modification of 2nd Example. The enlarged view which shows the use condition of the standing type body composition measuring apparatus shown in FIG. The external appearance perspective view of the standing type body composition measuring apparatus by the modification of 2nd Example. The external appearance perspective view of the standing type body composition measuring apparatus by 3rd Example. The schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the electrode holding part provided with the electrode height adjustment mechanism in the standing type body composition measuring apparatus shown in FIG. The schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the electrode holding part in the standing type body composition measuring apparatus by the modification of 3rd Example. The enlarged view which shows the use condition of the standing type body composition measuring apparatus shown in FIG. The external appearance perspective view of the standing type body composition measuring apparatus by 4th Example. The front view which shows the use condition of the standing type body composition measuring apparatus by 4th Example. The front view which shows the use condition of the standing type body composition measuring apparatus by the modification of 4th Example. The external appearance perspective view of the standing type body composition measuring apparatus by 5th Example. The schematic internal block diagram of the height adjustment part in the standing type body composition measuring apparatus by 5th Example. The figure which shows the use condition of the standing type body composition measuring apparatus by 5th Example. The partial external appearance perspective view of the standing type body composition measuring apparatus by the modification of 5th Example. The external appearance perspective view of the standing type body composition measuring apparatus by 6th Example. The external appearance perspective view of the standing type body composition measuring apparatus by 7th Example. The side view which shows the use condition of the standing type body composition measuring apparatus by 7th Example. The external appearance perspective view of the standing type body composition measuring apparatus by 8th Example. The figure which shows the state at the time of the measurement by the standing type body composition measuring apparatus by 11th Example. The external appearance perspective view of the upper limb measurement unit of the standing type body composition measuring apparatus by 11th Example. The perspective view which shows the use condition of the standing type body composition measuring apparatus by the modification of 11th Example. The perspective view which shows the standing type body composition measuring apparatus by the modification of 11th Example. The enlarged view of the grip part used for the standing type body composition measuring apparatus by the modification of 11th Example. The electrical system block diagram of the standing type body composition measuring apparatus by 11th Example. The figure for demonstrating an example of the correction process of an electrode position. The external appearance perspective view of the standing type body composition measuring apparatus by the modification of 4th Example. The external appearance top view which shows the modification of the electrode for a measurement in the standing type body composition measuring apparatus of 3rd Example. The external appearance perspective view of the standing type body composition measuring apparatus by the modification of 6th Example. The external appearance perspective view of the standing type body composition measuring apparatus by the modification of 8th Example. The external appearance perspective view of the standing type body composition measuring apparatus by 9th Example. The perspective view which shows the measurement state using the standing type body composition measuring apparatus by 10th Example. The external appearance perspective view which shows the state which accommodated the measuring apparatus of FIG. The top view of the standing type body composition measuring apparatus by the modification of 2nd Example. The enlarged view which shows the measurement state using the measuring apparatus of FIG. The top view of the standing type body composition measuring apparatus by the modification of 2nd Example. The expansion perspective view which shows the measurement state using the measuring apparatus of FIG. The front view of the standing type body composition measuring apparatus which incorporated the vibration part.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Main-body part 11a ... Recessed part 111 ... Operation / control part 112 ... Current source 113 ... Differential amplifier 114 ... Band pass filter (BPF)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 115 ... Detection part 116 ... Amplifier 117 ... Analog-digital (A / D) converter 118 ... Power supply part 119 ... Weight measuring part 120, 120a ... (For measurement) Electrode selection part 120b ... Electrode switching part 13L, 13R for electricity supply 45L, 45R ... energization electrodes 14L, 14R, 17L, 17R, 22L, 22R, 25L, 25R, 32L, 32R, 46L, 46R, 47L, 47R ... measurement electrodes 15 ... operation display panel 151 ... operation unit 152 ... display Part 16L, 16R ... Standing piece 18 ... Step part 20 ... Electrode holding part 201, 211 ... Adjustment knob 202 ... Shaft body 203 ... Electrode holder 204 ... Cover 205 ... Guide hole 206 ... Ranging sensor 207 ... Holding plate 208 ... Marker 23, 26, 27... Height adjustment portion 231 .. cover 232 .. holding body 235 .. distance measuring sensor 24 .. seat portion 28. , 282 ... Rotating shaft 31 ... Arm bar 40 ... Upper limb measurement unit 41 ... Cable 42 ... Main body part 43 ... Display part 44L, 44R ... Grip parts 50L, 50R, 51 ... Bar 51 ... Support body 52 ... Shaft 300 ... Body composition measurement Part 301 ... Excitation part

Claims (8)

a) body specifying information acquisition means for acquiring body specifying information including size information of a measurement target site in the body of the subject;
b) a weight measuring means for measuring the weight of the subject in a standing position;
c) a support erected on the weight measuring means so as to be sandwiched between both knees of the subject standing on the weight measuring means;
d) impedance measuring means in the weight measuring means comprising an electrode that contacts the sole of the subject and an electrode that is provided on the support and contacts the inside of the knee of the subject;
e) estimation calculation means for estimating various information related to the body composition and health condition of the subject based on information from the body specifying information acquisition means, the weight measurement means, and the impedance measurement means;
A standing body composition measuring apparatus comprising:   2. The standing body composition measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the height of the electrode provided on the support is adjustable.   2. The standing body composition measurement according to claim 1, wherein an electrode that contacts the inside of the subject's heel is further disposed on the support as an electrode included in the impedance measuring means. apparatus.   The electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an electrode that contacts a base of a subject's thigh is further disposed on the support as an electrode included in the impedance measurement unit. Standing body composition measuring device.   The standing body composition measuring device according to claim 4, wherein the upper end of the support is a seat over which a subject in a standing position straddles.   6. The standing body composition measuring device according to claim 5, wherein the seat has a telescopic mechanism that can be adjusted in the vertical direction according to the inseam height of the subject.   The standing body composition measuring device according to claim 6, wherein the height of the electrode disposed on the support is adjusted in conjunction with expansion and contraction of the seat.   The standing position according to claim 6 or 7, further comprising a leg length measuring unit that measures the length of the leg of the subject in conjunction with the expansion and contraction of the seat as the body specifying information acquiring unit. Type body composition measuring device.

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