JP4375773B2 - Th2 migration promoter containing W / O emulsion - Google Patents

Th2 migration promoter containing W / O emulsion Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP4375773B2
JP4375773B2 JP2000544350A JP2000544350A JP4375773B2 JP 4375773 B2 JP4375773 B2 JP 4375773B2 JP 2000544350 A JP2000544350 A JP 2000544350A JP 2000544350 A JP2000544350 A JP 2000544350A JP 4375773 B2 JP4375773 B2 JP 4375773B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
emulsion
oil
antigen
ova
disease
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP2000544350A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
和義 益田
和敏 堀江
隆二 鈴木
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shionogi and Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Shionogi and Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shionogi and Co Ltd filed Critical Shionogi and Co Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP4375773B2 publication Critical patent/JP4375773B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/39Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the immunostimulating additives, e.g. chemical adjuvants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02Immunomodulators
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/06Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/08Antiallergic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/54Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the route of administration
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/555Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by a specific combination antigen/adjuvant
    • A61K2039/55511Organic adjuvants
    • A61K2039/55566Emulsions, e.g. Freund's adjuvant, MF59
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/57Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the type of response, e.g. Th1, Th2

Description

技術分野
本発明は、生体内の免疫反応に関与しているヘルパーT細胞(Th)のサブセットであるTh1型(以下、Th1という)とTh2型(以下、Th2という)のバランスにおいて、Th1からTh2への移行を促進させる製剤に関する。本製剤は、例えば自己免疫疾患、各種アレルギー疾患、又は臓器移植時の拒絶反応等に対する予防又は治療剤として有用である。
背景技術
自己免疫疾患(例:臓器特異的自己免疫疾患等)、アレルギー疾患あるいは臓器移植拒絶反応等は、内在または外来抗原に対する過剰免疫反応であり、これらの疾患は自己あるいは非自己に対する免疫学的無反応性が破綻する現象として説明できる。これらの疾患に対する治療としては、薬物療法(免疫抑制剤、コルチコステロイド、抗アレルギー剤、抗ヒスタミン剤など)が主に行われている。しかしながら、免疫抑制剤等は非特異的な免疫抑制を引き起こすので、感染症の併発、悪性腫瘍の発現等の重篤な副作用を伴う。また抗アレルギー剤等は単に対症療法的に使用されているのが現状である。他方、減感作療法などの特異的な免疫療法も試みられているが作用機序に関して不明な部分が多く、いまだ確立された治療方法とは言い難い。
このような状況下、最近、経口免疫寛容(経口トレランス)を自己免疫病等の治療に応用する試みが注目されている。例えば、バイスタンダー抗原と称しTGF−βなどの抑制性サイトカインを分泌する調節性細胞の増殖を誘導する物質を経口投与することにより誘導される経口免疫寛容を利用して上記疾患を治療する方法が報告されている(WO93/16724、WO96/40232、特表平8−504745等)。しかしこれらの方法では、経口投与される抗原に対してDDS製剤的な工夫はあまりなされておらず、基本的には抗原タンパク質の水溶液又は分散液を単に投与するのみである。従って、調製されるタンパク質製剤はきわめて不安定であるため投与効率が悪く、また安定した免疫寛容の効果が再現されにくいと予想される。また経口免疫寛容の誘導効率を高めるために、サイトカイン類、コレラトキシンB鎖あるいはリポ多糖体を併用する試みがなされているが、いずれも実用性の乏しいものである。
一方、ヘルパーT細胞(Th)のサブセットであるTh1とTh2のバランス(Th1/Th2バランス)と各種疾患との関係も研究されおり、Th1優位の免疫反応に基づくと考えられている自己免疫疾患等の治療方法の一つとして、Th1優位の免疫応答からTh2優位の免疫応答への変換が考えられている(日本臨牀55巻6号(6,1997);医学のあゆみVol.182 No.9(1997),P523等)。しかしこれまでTh1からTh2への移行を促進してTh2偏向の状態に効率よく到らしめる試みはあまりなされていない。例えば、WO93/00160やANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Vol.778(1996)等には、抗原タンパク質をW/O型エマルジョン又はW/O型の多相エマルジョンにして、経口免疫寛容を誘導する方法が記載されているが、実験的にはtotalの抗体価の変化を調べているだけである。INFECT.AGENTSDIS.(USA),2/2(55−73)(1993)には、マイクロスフェアーで経口免疫化した際にTh2型優位になった旨記載されているが、エマルジョンによる投与時および経口免疫寛容時のTh1/Th2バランスについては何ら検討されていない。Proc.Soc.Exp.Biol.Med.133,423−427(1970);Enteral.Nutr.14,459−462(1990);Clin.Immunol.Immunopath.25,196−202(1982);Aust.N.Z.J.Surg.57,323−329(1987)等には、非経口投与されたW/Oエマルジョンが免疫系を抑制する方向に機能する旨記載されている。しかしこれらのエマルジョンには抗原が含まれておらず、また経口投与した際のTh1/Th2バランスの変化については何ら考察されていない。
このように免疫応答反応におけるTh1/Th2バランスを調節し、特にTh2への移行を促進して好ましくはTh2偏向の状態に到らしめることにより、Th1/Th2バランスが関係すると考えられる各種疾患を効率よく予防又は治療する方法は、未だ十分には検討されていなかった。
発明の開示
本発明者らは鋭意検討した結果、各種抗原を油中水型エマルジョン(W/Oエマルジョン)に内包させて投与すれば、ヘルパーT細胞のTh1/Th2バランスがTh2へ移行されやすくなることを見出し、以下に示す本発明を完成した。
(1)抗原を含有するW/Oエマルジョンを含むことを特徴とする、ヘルパーT細胞のTh2への移行促進剤。
(2)抗原がタンパク質またはペプチドである、上記(1)記載の促進剤。
(3)経粘膜投与によって免疫寛容を誘導する、上記(1)又は(2)記載の促進剤。
(4)ヘルパーT細胞のTh1/Th2のバランスが関係する疾患の予防又は治療剤である、上記(1)ないし(3)のいずれかに記載の促進剤。
(5)疾患がTh1主体の免疫反応に起因する疾患、アレルギー疾患または臓器移植時の拒絶反応である、上記(4)記載の促進剤。
(6)Th1主体の免疫反応に起因する疾患が自己免疫疾患である、上記(5)記載の促進剤。
(7)マウス経口投与時の“IgG1/IgG2a”で示される抗体価比率の値が、対照の抗原含有生理食塩水を投与した場合に比べて約2倍以上である、上記(1)ないし(6)のいずれかに記載の促進剤。
(8)抗原をW/Oエマルジョンに含有させて経口投与することを特徴とする、ヘルパーT細胞のTh2への移行を促進する方法。
(9)請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の促進剤を投与することを特徴とする、ヘルパーT細胞のTh2への移行を促進する方法。
(10)ヘルパーT細胞のTh2への移行を促進するために、抗原の投与剤形としてW/Oエマルジョンを使用する方法。
(11)ヘルパーT細胞のTh1/Th2のバランスが関係する疾患の予防又は治療剤を製造するために、抗原を含有するW/Oエマルジョンを使用する方法。
発明を実施するための最良の形態
本発明に用いるW/Oエマルジョンとしては種々のものが使用でき、マイクロエマルジョンであってもよい。そのサイズは通常、約0.001〜100μmである。組成についても特に限定されるものではないが、水相としては、通常、水または弱酸性、中性、弱塩基性のいずれかの緩衝液等を使用でき、また安定化のためにゼラチン等で水相を固化しても良い。
油層としては通常、生理学的に受容される油類又はワックス類等を単独または組み合わせて使用すればよい。油類としては、以下に例示する植物油、動物油、脂肪酸エステル等が使用できる。
(植物油)硬化ヒマシ油、ピーナッツ油、ヒマワリ種子油、アーモンド油、ホホバ油、落花生油、ヤシ油、パーム油、紅花油、ククイ油、麦芽油、葡萄種子油、ナタネ油、コーン油、オリーブ油、綿実油、アボガド油、ツバキ油、トウモロコシ油、小麦胚芽油、コメヌカ油、カカオ脂、ゴマ油、月見草油、サザンカ油等が挙げられるが、好ましくはゴマ油等である。
(動物油)スクワレン、ラノリン、ミンク油、卵黄油、タートル油、プリスタン等が挙げられる。
(脂肪酸エステル)ステアリン酸ブチル、ラウリン酸ヘキシル、オレイン酸オクチルドデシル、オレイン酸オレイル、オクタン酸イソステアリル、オクタン酸セチル、ミリスチン酸イソプロピル、ミリスチン酸オクチルドデシル、ジオクタン酸ネオペンチルグリコール、ジカプリン酸ネオペンチルグリコール、パルミチン酸イソプロピル、アジピン酸ジイソプロピル、セバチン酸ジイソプロピル等が挙げられる。
ワックス類としては、植物ロウおよび動物ロウが挙げられ、好ましくはカルナウバロウ、ミツロウ、鯨ロウである。
上記の水相と油相との含有割合は、通常、水相:油相=1:1〜1:50(体積比)、好ましくは1:5〜1:20(体積比)である。
本発明のエマルジョンは、任意に界面活性剤、アルコール、脂肪酸、多糖類、防腐剤、pH調整剤、粘性調整剤等、製剤上許容される添加物を含有し得る。
界面活性剤としては、イオン性又は非イオン性のものを単独または組み合わせて使用できる。好ましくは、HLB値が2〜20のものであり、具体的には、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル、プロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステル、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、ポリエチレングリコール脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレン硬化ヒマシ油、レシチン、カプリル酸モノグリセライド等であり、より好ましくはソルビタンセスキオレエートとポリオキシエチレン硬化ヒマシ油60の組み合わせやカプリル酸モノグリセライドとレシチンとポリオキシエチレン硬化ヒマシ油50の組み合わせである。
界面活性剤は、Th2への移行促進には必ずしも必要な成分ではないが、エマルジョンの安定性等の点からは添加しておくのが好ましい。界面活性剤の添加量は、油相全体に対して通常、約1〜75重量%、好ましくは約1〜30重量%である。
本発明のW/Oエマルジョンの水相に含有される抗原としては、水溶解性が高くかつ生体内において免疫反応を起こし得る物質であればよく、例えばタンパク質、ペプチド、糖タンパク質等を用いることができるが、好ましくはタンパク質またはペプチドである。具体的には、卵白アルブミン(OVA)、サイトケラチン、I型コラーゲン、II型コラーゲン(CII)、IV型コラーゲン、トランスグルタミナーゼ、ミエリン塩基性タンパク質、インシュリン、グルカゴン、S−抗原、MHC抗原等を使用できる。抗原の含有量は、抗原や対象疾患の種類、投与のルートや時期等によって異なり一概には規定できないが、通常、水相全量に対して約0.0001〜20重量%、好ましくは約0.001〜10重量%である。
エマルジョンの製造方法は特に限定されないが、例えば以下のように行う。即ち、抗原、水相成分、油相成分からなる混合物を、所望により加温下で混合し、数分〜数十分間程度、超音波処理した後、氷冷する。あるいは、該混合物を室温下で振盪混合する等の方法でもよい。
本発明においてTh1/Th2バランスは、以下の試験例に示すように、Th1の活性化により生産される抗体であるIgG2aおよびTh2の活性化により生産されるIgG1の各抗体価の比率を求めることにより調べた。即ち、IgG1/IGg2aの値が大きくなればヘルパーT細胞におけるTh2の割合が増加し、Th2への移行が促進されたものと判断した。その結果、本発明のエマルジョン製剤をマウスに投与すると、対照の生理食塩水の製剤を投与した場合に比べてTh2への移行が促進されることが判明した。またその際のトータルIgG抗体価は対照製剤の場合に比べて低下していたことから、液性免疫反応も抑制されて経口免疫寛容が誘導されていたことも判明した。
このTh2への移行促進効果は、組成の異なる複数のW/Oエマルジョンにおいて確認されたことから、W/Oエマルジョンに共通する製剤的効果であることが示唆される。なお、本製剤によるTh2への移行促進とは、免疫反応系のTh1/Th2バランスにおいて、Th1の割合が減少してTh2の割合が増大する変化を意味し、好ましくはTh2の割合がTh1を上回ってTh2偏向の状態に到る変化を意味する。
本製剤は、Th1/Th2バランスが関係する疾患、特にTh1優位の免疫反応によると考えられている自己免疫疾患(例:多発性硬化症、慢性関節リウマチ、反応性関節炎、乾癬、若年性糖尿病、慢性甲状腺炎、ぶどう膜炎等)や、T細胞が媒介するかあるいはT細胞に依存する各種アレルギー疾患(例:接触性皮膚炎等)、または臓器移植時の拒絶反応等の予防又は治療剤として有用である。またアトピー性皮膚炎等も、病態によってはTh2優位の免疫反応が関与していることや、Th2細胞の活性化によって皮膚組織中の自己抗原に対して抑制性サイトカイン(IL−4、IL−10、TGF−β等)が分泌される等のことから、本製剤による予防又は治療効果が期待できる。本製剤の投与ルートについては特に限定されないが、例えば本製剤の使用による付随効果のひとつとして、粘膜関連リンパ組織(MALT:mucosa−associated lymphoid tissue)を介して誘導される免疫寛容誘導等を期待する場合には、経口投与、経鼻投与または経肺投与等の経粘膜投与が行われ、好ましくは経口投与である。
実施例1(卵白アルブミン含有W/Oエマルジョンの経口投与)
抗原タンパク質として卵白アルブミン(OVA)を用い、7容積の水相{OVA含有水溶液(0.269〜26.9mg/ml)}と40容積の油相{6.7%(w/w)SO−15(日光ケミカル)、1.7%(w/w)HCO−60(日光ケミカル)含有ゴマ油}を50℃において混合し、超音波処理(300W,26kHz,50℃,1min)後氷冷することによりOVA含有W/Oエマルジョンを調製した。エマルジョン中のOVA最終濃度は、0.04〜4mg/mlであった。エマルジョンの粒度分布はGALAI CIS−1により測定し、50〜60mmの粒子径を有していた。OVA含有W/OエマルジョンまたはOVA生食溶液をBALB/cマウス(6W、雄)に5日間連日経口投与(0〜1mg OVA equivalent/mouse/day,day0〜4)した後、OVAをフロイント完全アジュバンド(FCA(H37Ra),DIFCO社)とともに後肢足蹠に皮下免疫(25μg/mouse,day8)し、免疫後21日目(day29)のOVAに対する血清抗体価(トータルIgG、IgG1、IgG2a)を酵素免疫測定法(ELISA)により調べた。ELISAの基本操作手順は既報{Microbiol.Immunol.36,873−884(1992)}に準じ、第2抗体にはperoxidase標識抗マウスIgGヤギ抗体、peroxidase標識抗マウスIgG1ウサギ抗体およびperoxidase標識抗マウスIgG2aウサギ抗体を用いた。血清抗体価は、ELISAにおいて450nmにおける吸光度が0.1以上を示す最大希釈倍数として表した。結果を図1及び図2に示す。
(図1)
1mg/mouse/day投与群マウスでは、W/Oエマルジョンおよび生食溶液ともにトータルIgG抗体価の低下が同程度であった。これに対して0.1mg/mouse/day投与群マウスでは、W/Oエマルジョンのみが1mg/mouse/day投与群と同程度にトータルIgG抗体価が低下しており、W/Oエマルジョンが生食溶液に比べOVAに対する血清トータルIgG抗体価を有意に下げることを確認できた(P<0.05)。即ち、本製剤は、免疫寛容を誘導させた。
(図2)
OVA含有W/Oエマルジョン投与群マウスでは、OVA生食溶液投与群マウスに比べIgG2a抗体価(4〜5例の平均値)に対するIgG1抗体価(4〜5例の平均値)の比率(IgG1/IgG2a)が約2倍高かった。また、W/Oエマルジョン投与群ではOVA含量の増加に伴い、IgG1/IgG2a比率も増大した。即ち、本製剤は、ヘルパーT細胞のTh2への移行を促進させた。
実施例2(II型コラーゲン含有W/Oエマルジョンの経口投与)
抗原タンパク質としてII型コラーゲン(CII)を用い、7容積の水相{CII含有塩酸(0.001N)溶液(0.269〜2.69mg/ml)}と40容積の油相{6.7%(w/w)SO−15、1.7%(w/w)HCO−60含有ゴマ油}を50℃において混合し、超音波処理(300W,26kHz,50℃,1min)後氷冷することによりCII含有W/Oエマルジョンを調製した。エマルジョン中のCII最終濃度は、0.04〜0.4mg/mlであった。エマルジョンの粒度分布はGALAI CIS−1により測定し、50〜60mmの粒子径を有していた。CII含有W/OエマルジョンまたはCII塩酸(0.001N)溶液をBALB/cマウス(6W、雄)に5日間連日経口投与(0〜0.1mg CII equivalent/mouse/day,day0〜4)した後、CIIをFCA(H37Ra)とともに後肢足蹠に皮下免疫(100μg/mouse,day8)し、免疫後21日目(day29)のCIIに対する血清抗体価(トータルIgG、IgG1、IgG2a)を酵素免疫測定法(ELISA)により調べた。
(結果)
0.1mg/mouse/day投与群マウスでは、W/Oエマルジョンおよび塩酸(0.001N)溶液ともにトータルIgG抗体価の低下が同程度であったが、エマルジョンの0.01mg/mouse/day投与群では、10倍量の塩酸(0.001N)溶液投与群と同程度にトータルIgG抗体価が低下していた。また図3に示す通り、CII含有W/Oエマルジョン投与群マウスでは、CII含有塩酸(0.001N)溶液投与群マウスに比べIgG2a抗体価(5〜6例の平均値)に対するIgG1抗体価(5〜6例の平均値)の比率(IgG1/IgG2a)が約2倍高く、Th2型優位の傾向を示した。また、W/Oエマルジョン投与群ではCII含量の増加に伴い、IgG1/IgG2a比率も増大した。
実施例3(卵白アルブミン含有W/Oマイクロエマルジョンの経口投与)
OVA含有W/Oマイクロエマルジョンの組成は、水相{OVA生食溶液(0.755〜75.5mg/ml)}:油相{PDD[68%(w/w)]、ホモテックスPT[8%(w/w)]、SLP−ホワイトSP[2%(w/w)]、Cremophor EL[17%(w/w)]}=5:95(w/w)から成り、油層を振盪混合(r.t.,10min)した後水相を添加し、さらに振盪混合(r.t.,3min)することにより調製した。実施例1と同様の操作を行い、OVA含有W/OマイクロエマルジョンまたはOVA生食溶液の経口投与を施したBALB/cマウスの免疫後21日目におけるOVAに対する血清抗体価(トータルIgG、IgG1、IgG2a)を酵素免疫測定法(ELISA)により調べた。
(結果)
1mg/mouse/day投与群マウスでは、W/Oマイクロエマルジョンおよび生食溶液ともにトータルIgG抗体価の低下が同程度であった。これに対して0.1mg/mouse/day投与群マウスでは、W/Oマイクロエマルジョンのみが1mg/mouse/day投与群と同程度にトータルIgG抗体価が低下していた。また図4に示す通り、OVA含有W/Oマイクロエマルジョン投与群マウスでは、OVA生食溶液投与群マウスに比べ5〜10倍IgG1/IgG2a比率が高く、Th2優位の傾向を示した。この傾向は、W/Oマイクロエマルジョン中のOVA含量の増加に伴い増強した。
実施例4(サイトケラチン含有W/Oエマルジョンの経口投与)
抗原タンパク質として豚皮から陰イオン交換クロマトグラフィーにより精製したサイトケラチン(CK)を用いた。この精製物中には、少なくともNo.4,5,7,8,17,18のサイトケラチンが含まれることをイムノブロッティングにより確認した。7容積の水相{CK含有水溶液(0.269mg/ml)}と40容積の油相{6.7%(w/w)SO−15(日光ケミカル)、1.7%(w/w)HCO−60(日光ケミカル)含有ゴマ油}を50℃において混合し、超音波処理(300W,26kHz,50℃,1min)後氷冷することによりCK含有W/Oエマルジョンを調製した。エマルジョン中のCK最終濃度は、0.04mg/mlであった。エマルジョンの粒度分布はGALAI CIS−1により測定し、50〜60mmの粒子径を有していた。このCK含有W/OエマルジョンのDS/Nhマウス(Exp.Anim.46,225−229(1997))の自然発症皮膚炎に対する治療効果を調べた。実験は、4週齢DS/Nhマウス(♂)を12週間コンベンショナル環境下で飼育した後、皮膚炎スコアの偏りがないように群分けし、2mMトリス緩衝液(pH8)投与群、CK含有トリス緩衝液投与群(0.01mg/mouse/day)、W/O空エマルジョン投与群及びCK含有W/Oエマルジョン(0.01mg/mouse/day)投与群の計4群(n=5〜6)を設けて、実験開始から5日間の連続経口投与を3週間間隔で計2回行った。投与開始から6週間経過した時点で実験を終了し、皮膚炎スコア(各個体の皮膚炎の重篤度により0〜5のスコア化)および掻痒感(観察5分間における掻爬行動の積算秒数)について評価を行った。
(結果)
結果を図5及び図6に示す。CK含有W/Oエマルジョン投与群では、トリス緩衝液、空エマルジョンおよびCK含有トリス緩衝液各投与群に比べ、皮膚炎スコアの抑制ならびに皮膚炎の増悪に伴う掻痒感の増加が抑制された。
産業上の利用可能性
本製剤は、ヘルパーT細胞のTh1/Th2のバランスが関係する各種疾患、例えば自己免疫疾患やアレルギー疾患等の治療または臓器移植時の拒絶反応等の抑制に有用である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
(図1) 卵白アルブミン(OVA)含有W/Oエマルジョンをマウスに5日間連日経口投与後、OVAで皮下免疫してから21日目に採取したの血清のOVAに対するトータルIg抗体価を示すグラフである(実施例1参照)。
(図2) 卵白アルブミン(OVA)含有W/Oエマルジョンをマウスに5日間連日経口投与後、OVAで皮下免疫してから21日目に採取した血清のOVAに対する抗体価比率(IgG1/IgG2a)を示すグラフである(実施例1参照)。
(図3) II型コラーゲン(CII)含有W/Oエマルジョンをマウスに5日間連日経口投与後、CIIで皮下免疫してから21日目に採取した血清のCIIに対する抗体価比率(IgG1/IgG2a)を示すグラフである(実施例2参照)。
(図4) 卵白アルブミン(OVA)含有W/Oマイクロエマルジョンをマウスに5日間連日経口投与後、OVAで皮下免疫してから21日目に採取した血清のOVAに対する抗体価比率(IgG1/IgG2a)を示すグラフである(実施例3参照)。
(図5) サイトケラチン(CK)含有W/Oエマルジョン(0.01mg/mouse/day)をマウスに対して5日間の連続経口投与を3週間間隔で計2回行った場合の皮膚炎スコア(5〜6例の平均値)の推移を示すグラフである(実施例4参照)。
(図6) サイトケラチン(CK)含有W/Oエマルジョン(0.01mg/mouse/day)をマウスに対して5日間の連続経口投与を3週間間隔で計2回行った場合の掻痒感(観察5分間における掻爬行動の積算秒数:5〜6例の平均値)の推移を示すグラフである(実施例4参照)。
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a balance between Th1 type (hereinafter referred to as Th1) and Th2 type (hereinafter referred to as Th2), which are subsets of helper T cells (Th) involved in immune responses in vivo. , And a preparation that promotes the transition from Th1 to Th2. This preparation is useful as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for, for example, autoimmune diseases, various allergic diseases, or rejection during organ transplantation.
BACKGROUND ART Autoimmune diseases (eg organ-specific autoimmune diseases), allergic diseases or organ transplant rejection are hyperimmune reactions against endogenous or foreign antigens, and these diseases are self- or non-self. This can be explained as a phenomenon in which immunological non-responsiveness to rupture occurs. As a treatment for these diseases, drug therapy (immunosuppressant, corticosteroid, antiallergic agent, antihistamine, etc.) is mainly performed. However, immunosuppressants and the like cause non-specific immunosuppression, and are accompanied by serious side effects such as complications of infection and development of malignant tumors. In addition, anti-allergic agents and the like are currently used for symptomatic treatment. On the other hand, specific immunotherapy such as desensitization therapy has also been tried, but there are many unclear points regarding the mechanism of action, and it is still difficult to say that it has been established.
Under such circumstances, recently, attempts to apply oral tolerance (oral tolerance) to the treatment of autoimmune diseases have attracted attention. For example, there is a method for treating the above-mentioned diseases using oral tolerance induced by orally administering a substance called a bystander antigen, which induces proliferation of regulatory cells that secrete inhibitory cytokines such as TGF-β. It has been reported (WO93 / 16724, WO96 / 40232, JP-T 8-504745, etc.). However, in these methods, the DDS preparation is not devised for the antigen to be administered orally, and basically, an aqueous solution or dispersion of the antigen protein is simply administered. Therefore, it is expected that the protein preparation to be prepared is extremely unstable, so that the administration efficiency is poor and the effect of stable immune tolerance is difficult to reproduce. Attempts have also been made to use cytokines, cholera toxin B chain or lipopolysaccharide in order to increase the induction efficiency of oral immune tolerance, but all of them have poor practicality.
On the other hand, the relationship between the balance of Th1 and Th2 (Th1 / Th2 balance), which is a subset of helper T cells (Th), and various diseases has been studied, and autoimmune diseases that are thought to be based on Th1-dominant immune responses, etc. As one of the therapeutic methods for this, conversion from a Th1-dominant immune response to a Th2-dominant immune response is considered (Nippon Linyi 55 vol. 6 (6, 1997); History of Medicine Vol. 182 No. 9 ( 1997), P523 and the like. However, there have been few attempts so far to promote the transition from Th1 to Th2 and efficiently reach the state of Th2 deflection. For example, WO93 / 00160 and ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Vol. 778 (1996) and the like describe a method for inducing oral immune tolerance by making an antigenic protein a W / O emulsion or a W / O type multiphase emulsion. We are just investigating changes. INFECT. AGENTDISDIS. (USA), 2/2 (55-73) (1993) describes that Th2 type dominates when orally immunized with microspheres, but when administered by emulsion and during oral tolerance. The Th1 / Th2 balance is not studied at all. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 133, 423-427 (1970); Nutr. 14, 459-462 (1990); Clin. Immunol. Immunopath. 25, 196-202 (1982); Aust. N. Z. J. et al. Surg. 57, 323-329 (1987) and the like describe that a parenterally administered W / O emulsion functions to suppress the immune system. However, these emulsions do not contain any antigen, and no consideration is given to changes in the Th1 / Th2 balance upon oral administration.
In this way, by adjusting the Th1 / Th2 balance in the immune response reaction, in particular by promoting the transition to Th2 and preferably reaching the state of Th2 bias, various diseases considered to be related to the Th1 / Th2 balance can be efficiently performed. Methods for preventing or treating well have not yet been fully studied.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have determined that the Th1 / Th2 balance of helper T cells is changed to Th2 when various antigens are encapsulated and administered in a water-in-oil emulsion (W / O emulsion). The inventors found that it can be easily migrated, and completed the present invention shown below.
(1) An agent for promoting the migration of helper T cells to Th2, comprising a W / O emulsion containing an antigen.
(2) The promoter according to (1) above, wherein the antigen is a protein or peptide.
(3) The promoter according to (1) or (2) above, wherein immune tolerance is induced by transmucosal administration.
(4) The promoter according to any one of (1) to (3) above, which is a preventive or therapeutic agent for a disease associated with a Th1 / Th2 balance of helper T cells.
(5) The promoter according to (4) above, wherein the disease is a disease caused by an immune reaction mainly comprising Th1, an allergic disease, or a rejection reaction at the time of organ transplantation.
(6) The promoter according to (5) above, wherein the disease caused by a Th1-based immune reaction is an autoimmune disease.
(7) The value of the antibody titer ratio indicated by “IgG1 / IgG2a” at the time of oral administration to mice is about twice or more compared to the case where the control antigen-containing physiological saline is administered, The promoter according to any one of 6).
(8) A method of promoting migration of helper T cells to Th2, which comprises orally administering an antigen in a W / O emulsion.
(9) A method for promoting the transition of helper T cells to Th2, which comprises administering the promoter according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
(10) A method of using a W / O emulsion as a dosage form of an antigen in order to promote migration of helper T cells to Th2.
(11) A method of using a W / O emulsion containing an antigen in order to produce a preventive or therapeutic agent for a disease associated with the Th1 / Th2 balance of helper T cells.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Various W / O emulsions used in the present invention can be used, and microemulsions may be used. The size is usually about 0.001 to 100 μm. The composition is not particularly limited, but as the aqueous phase, usually water or a weakly acidic, neutral or weakly basic buffer solution can be used, and gelatin is used for stabilization. The aqueous phase may be solidified.
As the oil layer, physiologically acceptable oils or waxes may be used alone or in combination. As oils, vegetable oils, animal oils, fatty acid esters and the like exemplified below can be used.
(Vegetable oil) Hardened castor oil, peanut oil, sunflower seed oil, almond oil, jojoba oil, peanut oil, palm oil, palm oil, safflower oil, kukui oil, malt oil, camellia seed oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, olive oil, Cottonseed oil, avocado oil, camellia oil, corn oil, wheat germ oil, rice bran oil, cacao butter, sesame oil, evening primrose oil, sasanqua oil and the like are preferable, and sesame oil and the like are preferable.
(Animal oil) Squalene, lanolin, mink oil, egg yolk oil, turtle oil, pristane and the like can be mentioned.
(Fatty acid ester) butyl stearate, hexyl laurate, octyldodecyl oleate, oleyl oleate, isostearyl octoate, cetyl octanoate, isopropyl myristate, octyldodecyl myristate, neopentyl glycol dioctanoate, neopentyl glycol dicaprate Isopropyl palmitate, diisopropyl adipate, diisopropyl sebacate and the like.
Examples of waxes include plant waxes and animal waxes, preferably carnauba wax, beeswax and whale wax.
The content ratio of the aqueous phase and the oil phase is usually aqueous phase: oil phase = 1: 1 to 1:50 (volume ratio), preferably 1: 5 to 1:20 (volume ratio).
The emulsion of the present invention may optionally contain pharmaceutically acceptable additives such as surfactants, alcohols, fatty acids, polysaccharides, preservatives, pH adjusters, viscosity adjusters and the like.
As the surfactant, ionic or nonionic surfactants can be used alone or in combination. Preferably, the HLB value is 2 to 20, specifically, sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, glycerin fatty acid ester, propylene glycol fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, polyethylene glycol fatty acid ester, poly Oxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, lecithin, caprylic acid monoglyceride and the like, more preferably a combination of sorbitan sesquioleate and polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil 60, or a combination of caprylic acid monoglyceride, lecithin and polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil 50 .
The surfactant is not necessarily a component necessary for promoting the transition to Th2, but is preferably added from the viewpoint of the stability of the emulsion. The addition amount of the surfactant is usually about 1 to 75% by weight, preferably about 1 to 30% by weight, based on the whole oil phase.
The antigen contained in the aqueous phase of the W / O emulsion of the present invention may be any substance that has high water solubility and can cause an immune reaction in vivo. For example, proteins, peptides, glycoproteins, etc. may be used. Preferably, it is a protein or peptide. Specifically, ovalbumin (OVA), cytokeratin, type I collagen, type II collagen (CII), type IV collagen, transglutaminase, myelin basic protein, insulin, glucagon, S-antigen, MHC antigen, etc. are used. it can. The antigen content varies depending on the antigen, the type of the target disease, the route and timing of administration, etc., and cannot be defined unconditionally. 001 to 10% by weight.
Although the manufacturing method of an emulsion is not specifically limited, For example, it carries out as follows. That is, a mixture comprising an antigen, an aqueous phase component, and an oil phase component is mixed under heating as desired, subjected to ultrasonic treatment for several minutes to several tens of minutes, and then cooled with ice. Alternatively, a method of shaking and mixing the mixture at room temperature may be used.
In the present invention, the Th1 / Th2 balance is determined by determining the ratio between the antibody titers of IgG2a and IgG1 produced by Th2 activation, as shown in the following test examples. Examined. That is, if the IgG1 / IGg2a value was increased, the ratio of Th2 in helper T cells was increased, and it was determined that the transition to Th2 was promoted. As a result, it was found that when the emulsion preparation of the present invention was administered to mice, the transition to Th2 was promoted compared to the case where the control saline preparation was administered. Further, since the total IgG antibody titer at that time was lower than that of the control preparation, it was also found that oral immune tolerance was induced by suppressing the humoral immune reaction.
This effect of promoting the transition to Th2 was confirmed in a plurality of W / O emulsions having different compositions, suggesting that it is a pharmaceutical effect common to W / O emulsions. In addition, the promotion of the transition to Th2 by this preparation means a change in which the ratio of Th1 decreases and the ratio of Th2 increases in the Th1 / Th2 balance of the immune reaction system, and preferably the ratio of Th2 exceeds Th1. This means a change to the state of Th2 deflection.
This preparation is used for diseases involving Th1 / Th2 balance, particularly autoimmune diseases that are thought to be caused by Th1-dominant immune responses (eg, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, reactive arthritis, psoriasis, juvenile diabetes, Chronic thyroiditis, uveitis, etc.), various allergic diseases mediated by or dependent on T cells (eg contact dermatitis, etc.), or rejection or treatment at the time of organ transplantation Useful. In addition, atopic dermatitis and the like also involve a Th2-dominant immune reaction depending on the pathological condition, or suppress cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) against self-antigens in skin tissue by Th2 cell activation. , TGF-β, etc.) are secreted, and the like, the prevention or treatment effect of this preparation can be expected. The route of administration of this preparation is not particularly limited. For example, one of the accompanying effects of the use of this preparation is expected to induce immune tolerance induced by mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). In some cases, transmucosal administration such as oral administration, nasal administration or pulmonary administration is performed, and oral administration is preferred.
Example 1 (Oral albumin-containing W / O emulsion orally)
Using ovalbumin (OVA) as the antigen protein, 7 volumes of aqueous phase {OVA containing aqueous solution (0.269-26.9 mg / ml)} and 40 volumes of oil phase {6.7% (w / w) SO- 15 (Nikko Chemical), 1.7% (w / w) HCO-60 (Nikko Chemical) -containing sesame oil} is mixed at 50 ° C., sonicated (300 W, 26 kHz, 50 ° C., 1 min), and then ice-cooled. To prepare an OVA-containing W / O emulsion. The final concentration of OVA in the emulsion was 0.04-4 mg / ml. The particle size distribution of the emulsion was measured by GALAI CIS-1 and had a particle size of 50-60 mm. OVA-containing W / O emulsion or OVA saline solution was orally administered daily to BALB / c mice (6W, male) for 5 days (0-1 mg OVA equivent / mouse / day, days 0-4), and then OVA was Freund's complete adjuvant. (FCA (H37Ra), DIFCO) together with subcutaneous immunization of the hind footpad (25 μg / mouse, day 8) and enzyme immunization with serum antibody titers (total IgG, IgG1, IgG2a) against OVA 21 days after immunization (day 29) It investigated by the measuring method (ELISA). The basic operation procedure of ELISA has been reported {Microbiol. Immunol. 36, 873-884 (1992)}, a peroxidase-labeled anti-mouse IgG goat antibody, a peroxidase-labeled anti-mouse IgG1 rabbit antibody, and a peroxidase-labeled anti-mouse IgG2a rabbit antibody were used as the second antibody. The serum antibody titer was expressed as the maximum dilution factor at which the absorbance at 450 nm was 0.1 or more in ELISA. The results are shown in FIGS.
(Figure 1)
In the 1 mg / mouse / day administration group mice, the decrease in the total IgG antibody titer was similar in both the W / O emulsion and the saline solution. On the other hand, in the 0.1 mg / mouse / day administration group mice, the total IgG antibody titer was decreased to the same extent as the W / O emulsion alone in the 1 mg / mouse / day administration group. It was confirmed that the serum total IgG antibody titer against OVA was significantly reduced compared with (P <0.05). That is, this preparation induced immune tolerance.
(Figure 2)
The ratio of IgG1 antibody titer (average value of 4 to 5 cases) to IgG2a antibody titer (average value of 4 to 5 cases) in the OVA-containing W / O emulsion administration group mice (IgG1 / IgG2a) compared to the OVA saline solution administration group mice ) Was about twice as high. In the W / O emulsion administration group, the IgG1 / IgG2a ratio also increased with an increase in the OVA content. That is, this preparation promoted the transition of helper T cells to Th2.
Example 2 (oral administration of type II collagen-containing W / O emulsion)
Using type II collagen (CII) as the antigen protein, 7 volumes of aqueous phase {CII-containing hydrochloric acid (0.001N) solution (0.269-2.69 mg / ml)} and 40 volumes of oil phase {6.7% (W / w) SO-15, 1.7% (w / w) HCO-60-containing sesame oil} is mixed at 50 ° C., sonicated (300 W, 26 kHz, 50 ° C., 1 min), and then ice-cooled. A CII-containing W / O emulsion was prepared. The final CII concentration in the emulsion was 0.04-0.4 mg / ml. The particle size distribution of the emulsion was measured by GALAI CIS-1 and had a particle size of 50-60 mm. After CII-containing W / O emulsion or CII hydrochloric acid (0.001N) solution was orally administered to BALB / c mice (6W, male) daily for 5 days (0-0.1 mg CII equivent / mouse / day, days 0-4) And CII together with FCA (H37Ra) in the hind limbs by subcutaneous immunization (100 μg / mouse, day 8), and serum antibody titers (total IgG, IgG1, IgG2a) against CII 21 days after immunization (day 29) (ELISA).
(result)
In the 0.1 mg / mouse / day administration group mice, the decrease in total IgG antibody titer was similar in both W / O emulsion and hydrochloric acid (0.001N) solution, but the emulsion 0.01 mg / mouse / day administration group Then, the total IgG antibody titer was reduced to the same extent as in the 10-fold hydrochloric acid (0.001N) solution administration group. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, in the CII-containing W / O emulsion administration group mice, the IgG1 antibody titer relative to the IgG2a antibody titer (average value of 5 to 6 cases) was compared with the CII-containing hydrochloric acid (0.001N) solution administration group mice (5 (Average value of ˜6 cases) (IgG1 / IgG2a) was about twice as high, indicating a tendency of Th2 type predominance. In the W / O emulsion administration group, the IgG1 / IgG2a ratio also increased with an increase in the CII content.
Example 3 (Oral albumin-containing W / O microemulsion orally)
The composition of the OVA-containing W / O microemulsion is as follows: aqueous phase {OVA saline solution (0.755 to 75.5 mg / ml)}: oil phase {PDD [68% (w / w)], homotex PT [8% (W / w)], SLP-white SP [2% (w / w)], Cremophor EL [17% (w / w)]} = 5:95 (w / w), and the oil layer was shaken and mixed ( (t., 10 min), the aqueous phase was added, and the mixture was further shaken and mixed (rt, 3 min). Serum antibody titers against OVA (total IgG, IgG1, IgG2a) on the 21st day after immunization of BALB / c mice subjected to the same operation as in Example 1 and orally administered with an OVA-containing W / O microemulsion or OVA saline solution ) Was examined by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA).
(result)
In the 1 mg / mouse / day administration group mice, the decrease in the total IgG antibody titer was similar in both the W / O microemulsion and the saline solution. In contrast, in the 0.1 mg / mouse / day administration group mice, only the W / O microemulsion decreased the total IgG antibody titer to the same extent as in the 1 mg / mouse / day administration group. In addition, as shown in FIG. 4, the OVA-containing W / O microemulsion-administered group mice showed a tendency of Th2 dominance, with the ratio of IgG1 / IgG2a being 5 to 10 times higher than that of the OVA saline solution-administered group mice. This trend was enhanced with increasing OVA content in the W / O microemulsion.
Example 4 (Oral administration of cytokeratin-containing W / O emulsion)
Cytokeratin (CK) purified from pig skin by anion exchange chromatography was used as an antigen protein. In this purified product, at least No. It was confirmed by immunoblotting that 4,5,7,8,17,18 cytokeratin was contained. 7 volumes of aqueous phase {CK-containing aqueous solution (0.269 mg / ml)} and 40 volumes of oil phase {6.7% (w / w) SO-15 (Nikko Chemical), 1.7% (w / w) HCO-60 (Nikko Chemical) -containing sesame oil} was mixed at 50 ° C., sonicated (300 W, 26 kHz, 50 ° C., 1 min) and then ice-cooled to prepare a CK-containing W / O emulsion. The final CK concentration in the emulsion was 0.04 mg / ml. The particle size distribution of the emulsion was measured by GALAI CIS-1 and had a particle size of 50-60 mm. The therapeutic effect of this CK-containing W / O emulsion on spontaneous dermatitis in DS / Nh mice (Exp. Anim. 46, 225-229 (1997)) was examined. In the experiment, 4 week-old DS / Nh mice (♂) were reared in a conventional environment for 12 weeks, then divided into groups so that there was no bias in the dermatitis score, and a group administered with 2 mM Tris buffer (pH 8), Tris containing CK. Buffer solution administration group (0.01 mg / mouse / day), W / O empty emulsion administration group and CK-containing W / O emulsion (0.01 mg / mouse / day) administration group, 4 groups in total (n = 5 to 6) Then, continuous oral administration for 5 days from the start of the experiment was performed twice at intervals of 3 weeks. The experiment was terminated when 6 weeks passed from the start of administration, and the dermatitis score (scoring from 0 to 5 depending on the severity of the dermatitis of each individual) and pruritus (accumulated seconds of curettage behavior over 5 minutes of observation) Was evaluated.
(result)
The results are shown in FIGS. In the CK-containing W / O emulsion administration group, the suppression of the dermatitis score and the increase in pruritus associated with exacerbation of dermatitis were suppressed as compared to the administration groups of Tris buffer, empty emulsion and CK-containing Tris buffer.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY This preparation is used for treatment of various diseases related to the Th1 / Th2 balance of helper T cells, such as autoimmune diseases and allergic diseases, or suppression of rejection during organ transplantation. Useful.
[Brief description of the drawings]
(FIG. 1) A graph showing the total Ig antibody titer against OVA of serum collected on the 21st day after oral administration of mice with ovalbumin (OVA) -containing W / O emulsion for 5 consecutive days and subcutaneous immunization with OVA. Yes (see Example 1).
(FIG. 2) The antibody titer ratio (IgG1 / IgG2a) of the serum collected on the 21st day after oral administration of ovalbumin (OVA) -containing W / O emulsion to mice for 5 consecutive days and then subcutaneously immunized with OVA It is a graph which shows (refer Example 1).
(FIG. 3) Antibody titer ratio against IgG (IgG1 / IgG2a) of serum collected on day 21 after oral administration of mice with a type II collagen (CII) -containing W / O emulsion daily for 5 days and then subcutaneously immunized with CII (Refer Example 2).
(FIG. 4) Antibody titer ratio (IgG1 / IgG2a) of serum collected to OVA on the 21st day after oral administration of ovalbumin (OVA) -containing W / O microemulsion to mice for 5 consecutive days and subcutaneous immunization with OVA (Refer Example 3).
(FIG. 5) Dermatitis score when cytokeratin (CK) -containing W / O emulsion (0.01 mg / mouse / day) was administered to mice for 5 days by continuous oral administration twice at a 3-week interval ( It is a graph which shows transition of the average value of 5-6 examples (refer Example 4).
(FIG. 6) Pruritus (observation) when cytokeratin (CK) -containing W / O emulsion (0.01 mg / mouse / day) was administered to mice for 5 days by continuous oral administration at intervals of 3 weeks. It is a graph which shows transition of the number of seconds of curettage action in 5 minutes: the average value of 5 to 6 cases (see Example 4).

Claims (8)

抗原を含有するW/Oエマルジョンを含むことを特徴とする、ヘルパーT細胞のTh2への移行促進剤。An agent for promoting the transition of helper T cells to Th2, comprising a W / O emulsion containing an antigen. 抗原がタンパク質またはペプチドである、請求項1記載の促進剤。The promoter according to claim 1, wherein the antigen is a protein or a peptide. 経粘膜投与によって免疫寛容を誘導する、請求項1又は2記載の促進剤。The promoter according to claim 1 or 2, wherein immune tolerance is induced by transmucosal administration. ヘルパーT細胞のTh1/Th2のバランスが関係する疾患の予防又は治療剤である、請求項1ないし3のいずれかに記載の促進剤。The promoter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is a preventive or therapeutic agent for a disease associated with a Th1 / Th2 balance of helper T cells. 疾患がTh1主体の免疫反応に起因する疾患、アレルギー疾患、又は臓器移植時の拒絶反応である、請求項4記載の促進剤。The promoter according to claim 4, wherein the disease is a disease caused by a Th1-based immune reaction, an allergic disease, or a rejection reaction at the time of organ transplantation. Th1主体の免疫反応に起因する疾患が自己免疫疾患である、請求項5記載の促進剤。The promoter according to claim 5, wherein the disease caused by a Th1-based immune reaction is an autoimmune disease. マウス経口投与時の“1gG1/1gG2a”で示される抗体価比率の値が、対照の抗原含有生理食塩水を投与した場合に比べて約2倍以上である、請求項1ないし6のいずれかに記載の促進剤。7. The antibody titer ratio indicated by “1gG1 / 1gG2a” when orally administered to a mouse is about twice or more that when a control antigen-containing physiological saline is administered. The described accelerator. ヘルパーT細胞のTh1/Th2のバランスが関係する疾患の予防又は治療剤を製造するために、抗原を含有するW/Oエマルジョンを使用する方法。A method of using an antigen-containing W / O emulsion for producing a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for a disease associated with a Th1 / Th2 balance of helper T cells.
JP2000544350A 1998-04-20 1999-04-15 Th2 migration promoter containing W / O emulsion Expired - Fee Related JP4375773B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP10951798 1998-04-20
PCT/JP1999/002008 WO1999053947A1 (en) 1998-04-20 1999-04-15 Th2-MIGRATION PROMOTERS CONTAINING W/O EMULSIONS

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP4375773B2 true JP4375773B2 (en) 2009-12-02

Family

ID=14512280

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2000544350A Expired - Fee Related JP4375773B2 (en) 1998-04-20 1999-04-15 Th2 migration promoter containing W / O emulsion

Country Status (3)

Country Link
JP (1) JP4375773B2 (en)
AU (1) AU3344299A (en)
WO (1) WO1999053947A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1684803B1 (en) * 2003-11-14 2010-07-07 UCL Business PLC Immune modulator comprising whole cell tsukamurella bacteria
US8178102B2 (en) 2005-01-19 2012-05-15 Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd. Emulsified composition for dilution and cancer vaccine composition
GB2485327A (en) * 2009-08-12 2012-05-09 Sigmoid Pharma Ltd Immunomodulatory compositions comprising a polymer matrix and an oil phase
ES2767151T3 (en) * 2012-10-24 2020-06-16 Cargill Inc Phospholipid-containing emulsifier composition

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5709860A (en) * 1991-07-25 1998-01-20 Idec Pharmaceuticals Corporation Induction of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU3344299A (en) 1999-11-08
WO1999053947A1 (en) 1999-10-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Müller et al. Successful immunotherapy with T-cell epitope peptides of bee venom phospholipase A2 induces specific T-cell anergy in patients allergic to bee venom
TWI537000B (en) Therapeutic vaccine
Mowat et al. Hypersensitivity in the small intestinal mucosa. V. Induction of cell-mediated immunity to a dietary antigen.
Faria et al. Oral tolerance induced by continuous feeding: enhanced up-regulation of transforming growth factor-β/interleukin-10 and suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Strid et al. A novel model of sensitization and oral tolerance to peanut protein
van Wijk et al. Initiating mechanisms of food allergy: Oral tolerance versus allergic sensitization
US5424068A (en) Method for immunization of mammals against atherosclerosis and pharmaceutical compositions for obtaining said immunization
US20020106368A1 (en) Novel methods and compositions to upregulate, redirect or limit immune responses to peptides, proteins and other bioactive compounds and vectors expressing the same
Fiocchi et al. The efficacy and safety of γ-linolenic acid in the treatment of infantile atopic dermatitis
PL185123B1 (en) Methods of preventing and treating allergic states
Kaminogawa Food allergy, oral tolerance and immunomodulation—their molecular and cellular mechanisms
EP0746338B1 (en) Vaccines containing paucilamellar lipid vesicles as immunological adjuvants
US5948407A (en) Oral induction of tolerance to parenterally administered non-autologous polypeptides
Barone et al. Abrogation of oral tolerance by feeding encapsulated antigen
Lafont et al. Abrogation by subsequent feeding of antibody response including IgE, in parenterally immunized mice.
WO2007125566A2 (en) Use of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of allergic conjunctivitis
Nowak-Węgrzyn et al. Food allergy therapy: is a cure within reach?
Pecquet et al. Oral tolerance elicited in mice by β-lactoglobulin entrapped in biodegradable microspheres
JP4375773B2 (en) Th2 migration promoter containing W / O emulsion
Costes et al. The role of animal models in unravelling therapeutic targets in coeliac disease
JPH11508899A (en) Formulations and methods for treating T cell mediated diseases
von der Weid et al. Suppression of specific and bystander IgE responses in a mouse model of oral sensitization to β-lactoglobulin
US6288047B1 (en) Lipid-based immune modulator composition
Teixeira et al. Diet selection in immunologically manipulated mice
Stanley Oral tolerance of food

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20060310

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20090630

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20090731

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20090901

A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20090907

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120918

Year of fee payment: 3

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120918

Year of fee payment: 3

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130918

Year of fee payment: 4

LAPS Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees