JP4076246B2 - Head-up display device - Google Patents
Head-up display device Download PDFInfo
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- JP4076246B2 JP4076246B2 JP12265797A JP12265797A JP4076246B2 JP 4076246 B2 JP4076246 B2 JP 4076246B2 JP 12265797 A JP12265797 A JP 12265797A JP 12265797 A JP12265797 A JP 12265797A JP 4076246 B2 JP4076246 B2 JP 4076246B2
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
Landscapes
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
- Instrument Panels (AREA)
Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ウインドシールドガラスの車外側空気界面で発生する像反射を抑制し、表示の視認性を向上させたヘッドアップディスプレイ装置に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来、車両のウインドシールドガラスの車内側表面の反射を利用して各種の表示を行う装置において、表示像が二重に見えることを低減するために、ガラスの車内側表面に反射率を高めた無機の薄膜をコーティングしたものが提案されている。この方式では無処理の場合と比較して、裏面反射との輝度比を高くすることにより表示二重像は軽減できるが、自動車用安全ガラスの法規に定められている可視光線透過率を満たす範囲では、裏面反射像との輝度比を認知しにくい程度まで低減することは困難である。
【０００３】
また光軸をずらしたホログラム光学素子をウインドシールドガラス内部に封入したものは、表示像の二重像は完全に解消されるが、色収差等の対策のために光源側に特殊な工夫が必要であり、全体としてシステムが複雑になる欠点がある。
【０００４】
さらに１／２波長板を用いてブリュースター角で直線偏光を入射させることにより、表示二重像を解消する提案（特開平２−１４１７２０号公報参照）がなされているが、自動車用ウインドシールドガラスとしての安全性を確保するための具体的な材料・手法は開示されていない。
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は従来技術の上記課題を解決し、自動車、鉄道車両等のウインドシールドガラスを表示体として使用する場合に発生する二重像を、広い表示波長帯域で均一にかつ著しく軽減したヘッドアップディスプレイ装置を提供しようとする。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
すなわち本発明は、車外側と車内側ガラス板とが中間膜を介して接合されて構成された合わせガラスからなるウインドシールドガラスと、該ウインドシールドガラスへほぼブリュースター角で表示光を発する表示器と、前記表示器から発した表示光を直線偏光にする偏光手段とを備え、前記表示器から発せられる表示光が前記偏光手段によって変換されてなるｓ偏光を前記ウインドシールドガラスの車内側表面で反射させ、運転者の前方視界内に虚像表示するヘッドアップディスプレイ装置であって、前記ウインドシールドガラスの車内側ガラス板の外側面には、厚さが１０μｍ以上５０μｍ以下の延伸した樹脂フィルムからなる、ｓ偏光をｐ偏光に変換する１／２波長板が封入され、前記ウインドシールドガラスの車内側ガラス板の車内側面には、反射効率を上げる反射膜が設けられ、前記反射膜は、前記１／２波長板によるｓ偏光からｐ偏光への変換効率が低い波長領域の反射率を、前記１／２波長板によるｓ偏光からｐ偏光への変換効率が高い波長領域の反射率に比べて高くすることにより、可視光全領域にわたって二重像輝度比を均一にすることを特徴とする、ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置、を提供する。
【０００７】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図面に基づいて本発明をさらに詳細に説明する。図１は、本発明における車両用ウインドシールドガラスの一例を示す模式的断面図である。
車内側ガラス板１の車内側表面には、反射膜２が設けられている。車外側ガラス板７と車内側ガラス板１とは、ＰＶＢ（ポリビニルブチラール）からなる中間膜６を介して接合されており、全体として合わせガラスを構成している。
中間膜６と車内側ガラス板１との間には、イソシアネート系接着層３、５を介して１／２波長板４が封入されて、結果として合わせガラス内部に１／２波長板が封入されている。
【０００８】
上記例では、ウインドシールドガラスが合わせガラスから構成されているが、単板ガラス等と、透明の樹脂層との積層体の構成をウインドシールドガラスとしてもよい。この場合、１／２波長板はガラス板と透明の樹脂層との間に封入されることになる。
【０００９】
本発明における１／２波長板としては、延伸したＰＶＡ（ポリビニルアルコール）樹脂が合わせガラスへの封入という観点から適切であり、ウインドシールドガラスに貼り付ける場合は５０μｍ以下の厚さ、あらゆる車両で法規上要求される光学品質を満足させる必要性からは３０μｍ以下の厚さであることが望ましい。一方１／２波長板としての基本的な性能を満足させるうえで、極端に薄い厚さのフィルムは性能の維持が困難であり、またフィルムとしての取り扱いがきわめて困難になることから、最低でも１０μｍ以上の厚さであることが望ましい。
【００１０】
１／２波長板の位相遅延波長（リタデーション値）としては、表示に使用される領域に対して有効な効果を発揮させるために、２１０〜３４０ｎｍの範囲が使用でき、視感度と表示器の出力の観点から、可視光全領域の表示波長帯域において平均的なｓ偏光からｐ偏光への変換効率が得られるように、２５０〜３００ｎｍの範囲が特に望ましい。
【００１１】
この１／２波長板は、例えばＰＶＡ樹脂から溶液キャスト法、押出し法、カレンダ法等によって得られた光学用ＰＶＡフィルムを一軸延伸して得ることができる。一軸延伸の方法には、周遠の異なる２対またはそれ以上のロール間をフィルムを通過させる方法、テンター法による横一軸延伸法、圧延法等が採用できる。
【００１２】
１／２波長板のリタデーション値は、２１０〜３４０ｎｍの範囲が好ましい。このような所望のリタデーション値を得るためには、延伸倍率、延伸速度、延伸槽内温度、槽内滞在時間等を適宜所定の値に設定、制御することで達成される。
【００１３】
また、上記のように本発明における１／２波長板は、厚さを１０μｍ以上５０μｍ以下にすることが、車両用途のウインドシールドガラスに封入するうえで好ましい。このような厚さの１／２波長板でリタデーション値の範囲を２１０〜３４０ｎｍにするためには、フィルムの配向度を上げることが求められる。具体的には、若干の２軸延伸を併用する、圧延法を採用する、等によって、上記の所望の厚さとリタデーション値とを有する１／２波長板を得ることができる。上記のように薄い厚さのフィルムの品位を維持するためには、フィルム巻き取り時に支持用のフィルム（基材）に１／２波長板を積層することが好ましい。
【００１４】
１／２波長板は、外的要因からの保護の点に鑑みて、ウインドシールドガラスを構成するガラス板と中間膜の界面、または、２枚の中間膜の間に設けられるのが好ましい。
【００１５】
１／２波長板としてのＰＶＡフィルムをガラスおよび／または中間膜に接着し、合わせガラスに要求される高い接着性を確保するためには、イソシアネート系の接着剤が最適であり、厚さとしては封入後の総厚をできるだけ小さくし、かつ必要な接着性を確保する観点から、１μｍ以上５μｍ以下であることが望ましい。イソシアネート系接着剤は、合わせガラスの製造工程における熱処理によって、必要な接着力を発現させることができ、ガラスおよびＰＶＡフィルムの有する透明性を損ねないように、ウェブ状態でＰＥＴ（ポリエチレンテレフタレート）等の平滑性の良好な基材上にコーティングされ、フィルム状態でＰＶＡフィルムとラミネートすることにより使用できる。
【００１６】
さらに１／２波長板として最良の効果を発揮させるため、１／２波長板は、ｓ偏光が１／２波長板に入射する入射方向と１／２波長板の３次元的な屈折率の特性とによって決定される、ｓ偏光が１／２波長板中を進行するときの進相軸または遅相軸の方向と、ｓ偏光の振動方向とのなす角度が４５±５度になるように、ウインドシールドに配されることが好ましい。なお、以下このような角度設定を、単に「フィルム延伸軸の配設角度が４５±５度である」という。
【００１７】
具体的には、３次元的な屈折率とは直交するフィルム面方向の屈折率ｎx 、ｎy 、フィルム面に垂直な方向の屈折率ｎz の３つの屈折率であって、これら３次元的な屈折率によって定義される屈折率楕円体を、屈折率楕円体の中心を含む表示器から発した表示光の進行方向（表示光の入射方向）に垂直な平面で切断したときにできる楕円体の長軸方向と、入射光の偏光方向とが４５±５度になるように設けられることが好ましい。
【００１８】
本発明においては、１／２波長板を設けた部分に該当するウインドシールドガラスの表面に、反射効率を上げる反射膜を設けるのが好ましい。１／２波長板の位相遅延波長（リタデーション値）はフィルムの合わせガラス内部への封入工程を経て初期値から若干変化したり、面内で分布が発生することから、反射膜は、１／２波長板に全て包含されるような面積・形状とすることが望ましい。ウインドシールドガラスが合わせガラスである場合、上記の反射膜は、車外側ガラス板の内側面、車内側ガラスの外側または内側面等に設けられるが、反射効率と反射像の見栄えの点に鑑みると、車内側ガラス板の車内側面に設けられることが好ましい。
【００１９】
反射膜は、１／２波長板によるｓ偏光からｐ偏光への変換効率が低い波長帯域について、反射率が高く、可視光全領域にわたって平均的な二重像輝度比となるようにされていることが望ましい。
【００２０】
ガラスの車内側表面に設ける反射膜は、通常ガラスに対して高い屈折率を有する誘電体薄膜を数十〜数百ｎｍの厚さで均一にコーティングすることによって得られる。従来表示用として用いられているＴｉＯ2 等を主成分とする薄膜は高硬度ではあるが、一般に反射率を確保するために厚膜化すると耐擦傷性が劣化する。耐擦傷性を改善するには、膜表面を平滑にしかつガラス基板との付着力を上げる必要があり、一般にＳｉＯ2 等のガラス成分の添加が有効であるが、このような組成の変更によって膜の屈折率が低下し、最大反射率を大きくすることが困難となる。
【００２１】
本発明における反射膜は、１／２波長板によって表示の二重像はかなり軽減されているため、裏面反射の損失を補う程度の比較的低い反射率でも充分な効果が期待され、より耐擦傷性に優れた中程度の屈折率の材料や、同じ膜材料での薄膜化が可能である。また、反射率を法規で定められた透過率の制約のなかで最大限まで引き上げる必要がないため、車外から反射を目立ちにくくした良好な外観を得ることができる。
【００２２】
本発明において、１／２波長板は入射光の偏光方向を９０度回転することができるので、例えば入射光としてｓ偏光を用いた場合は、裏面反射光となる１／２波長板を透過する光はｐ偏光成分となり、裏面での反射率はブリュースター角５７度付近を中心に車内側表面反射率との差を大きくすることができ、その結果二重像が軽減される。
【００２３】
ウインドシールドガラスの車内側表面に高屈折率の反射膜を設けることにより、ブリュースター角を無処理ガラス（屈折率１．５２）に対して若干大きくできる効果と、反射率増加による裏面反射輝度の減衰効果によって、乗用車で一般的な入射角６０度以上の場合の二重像軽減と、片面のみの反射では不足する輝度不足の改善、設計遅延波長からのずれが大きい波長に対する二重像軽減効果の改善および広い波長帯域における二重像輝度の平均化を同時に図れる。なお、表示が単色またはあまり波長的な分布が大きくない場合で、表示器の光量が充分な場合は、当然ながら反射膜を除外することもできる。
【００２４】
【実施例】
［例１］
図１に示す構成のウインドシールドガラスを以下の方法で作製した。
酸化セリウム研磨、水洗後、充分に乾燥した厚さ２ｍｍの透明なソーダライムフロートガラス板（車内側ガラス板１）を準備し、これにＴｉＯ2 −ＳｉＯ2 を主成分とする３０ｎｍ厚の反射膜２（屈折率１．９２）をコーティングした。
【００２５】
このガラスの非反射膜側に、厚さ２５μｍのＰＥＴ基材上に形成した厚さ約１μｍのイソシアネート系接着層３をラミネータにより貼り付け、加熱してＰＥＴフィルムのみをガラス板から剥離した後、位相遅延波長２７０ｎｍ、厚さ２５μｍの一軸延伸ＰＶＡフィルム（１／２波長板４）を、フィルム延伸軸の配設角度が４５度になるように貼り合わせた。この上にさらに接着層３と同じイソシアネート系接着層５を貼り合わせた後、上記反射膜面を外側として、３０ｍｉｌ厚のＰＶＢ膜６（中間膜）を介して、２ｍｍ厚ブロンズガラス（車外側ガラス板７）と積層し、合わせガラスを作製した。
【００２６】
この合わせガラスに対して、表示波長４８０ｎｍ、５４５ｎｍ、６３０ｎｍの単色ｓ偏光を入射角度５５度および６０度にて入射させ、表面反射光輝度と裏面反射光輝度を輝度計にて計測し、二重像輝度比（裏面反射光輝度／車内側表面反射光輝度：％）を算出した。ここで、二重像輝度比とは、ガラスの車内側表面の反射率と裏面反射との輝度比であり、前記二重像輝度比の値を小さくすることにより表示二重像は軽減できる。１．７％以下とほとんど二重像を認識できないレベルであり、３％以下でわずかに二重像が気になるレベルである。その結果を表１に示す。
【００２７】
【００２８】
［例２］
一軸延伸ＰＶＡフィルムのフィルム延伸軸の配設角度が４０度となるように貼り合わせた以外は、例１と同様に合わせガラスを作製した。例１と同様にして二重像輝度比を測定した結果を表１に示す。
【００２９】
［例３］
１／２波長板を合わせガラスに封入しないこと以外は、例１の合わせガラスと同様にして、同じ構成の合わせガラスを作製した。例１と同様にして二重像輝度比を測定した結果を表１に示す。
【００３０】
［例４］
例１の車内側ガラス板に反射膜コーティングをせず、１／２波長板を合わせガラスに封入しないこと以外は、例１の合わせガラスと同様にして、同じ構成の合わせガラスを作製した。例１と同様にして二重像輝度比を測定した結果を表１に示す。
【００３１】
［例５］
充分に乾燥した厚さ２ｍｍの透明ガラス板表面に、６３ｎｍ厚のＴｉＯ2 −ＳｉＯ2 を主成分とする反射膜（屈折率１．９３）をコーティングし、この反射膜面を外側として、３０ｍｉｌ厚のＰＶＢ膜（中間膜）を介して２ｍｍ厚ブロンズガラスと積層し、合わせガラスとした。この合わせガラスは、その反射効率を例１、例３の反射膜による反射効率よりも大きくした例に相当する。すなわち、反射効率を上げて、二重像を目立たなくすることを意図したものである。例１と同様にして二重像輝度比を測定した結果を表１に示す。
【００３２】
［例６］
例１の一軸延伸ＰＶＡフィルムのフィルム延伸軸の配設角度が３５度となるように貼り合わせた以外は、例４と同様に合わせガラスを作製した。例１と同様にして二重像輝度比を測定した結果を表１に示す。
【００３３】
表１に示すように、例１と例３とを対比すると、例３の合わせガラスが二重像輝度比で２２〜３５％の値を示したのに対し、例１の合わせガラスでは０．１〜１．７％とほとんど二重像を認識できないレベルであった。
【００３４】
なお、これらの合わせガラスについてＪＩＳ−Ｒ３２１１に準拠した耐衝撃試験と光学品質評価を実施したところ、通常の合わせガラスと同等の接着輝度と許容範囲の透視歪であることが確認された。
【００３５】
また、表１に示すように、例４の合わせガラスが約４５〜６５％の二重像輝度比であったのに対し、例２の合わせガラスでは二重像輝度比が０．３〜３％であり、設計波長からのずれが大きい表示波長ではわずかに二重像が気になるレベルであったが、設計波長に近い波長ではほとんど二重像が認識されないレベルであった。
【００３６】
さらに、例１の合わせガラスにおいては、各表示色による二重像の輝度は平均化され、表示輝度も、反射膜を施さないガラスに対して、５０〜５５％改善された。これらのサンプルは、ＪＩＳ Ａ光源による垂直反射率で１３．０％の値を示し、反射があまり目立たず良好な外観を示した。
【００３７】
これに対し、例５の合わせガラスは、表１に示すように、その二重像輝度比は、１１〜１４％であり、まだ二重像が認識できるレベルであった。反射膜側の垂直反射率（ランダム光）は１８．１％であり、外観上反射がやや目立つものであった。
【００３８】
また、例６の合わせガラスは、表１に示すように、その二重像輝度比は、１１〜１６％程度であり、例５の反射効率を上げることによって二重像を目立たなくする手段と、ほぼ同等の二重像の認識レベルにすることができた。ただし、充分な入射偏光面の回転が達成されず、まだ二重像が認識できるレベルであった。
【００３９】
【表１】
【発明の効果】
本発明においては、ウインドシールドガラスの内部に設けられた１／２波長板により裏面反射光を減衰させ、またウインドシールドガラスを構成する内板ガラスの車内側表面に設けられた高屈折率の反射膜により、不足する輝度の補償と１／２波長板の機能が低下する波長での特性劣化を補うことができる。
すなわち、本発明によれば、従来コーティングだけでは解決困難な表示二重像の大幅な軽減と同時に、外観を犠牲にしない程度での表示輝度の改善を図れる。
【００４１】
また、１／２波長板の厚さを１０μｍ〜３０μｍとし、イソシアネート系接着剤で貼り合わせることにより、自動車用フロントガラスとして法規で定められた諸性能を確保できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明における車両用ウインドシールドガラスの一例を示す模式的断面図
【符号の説明】
１：車内側ガラス板
２：反射膜
３：イソシアネート系接着層
４：１／２波長板
５：イソシアネート系接着層
６：中間膜
７：車外側ガラス板[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention suppresses image reflection occurring at the vehicle exterior air interface of the windshield glass, about f Tsu windup display device with improved visibility of the display.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in a device that performs various displays using the reflection on the vehicle inner surface of the windshield glass of the vehicle, in order to reduce the appearance of double display images, the reflectance on the vehicle inner surface of the glass has been increased. The thing coated with the inorganic thin film is proposed. In this method, compared with the case of no treatment, the display double image can be reduced by increasing the luminance ratio with the back surface reflection, but the range satisfying the visible light transmittance stipulated in the safety glass regulations for automobiles. Then, it is difficult to reduce the luminance ratio with the back-surface reflection image to a level where it is difficult to recognize.
[0003]
In addition, when a hologram optical element with a shifted optical axis is enclosed in the windshield glass, the double image of the display image is completely eliminated, but special measures are required on the light source side for measures such as chromatic aberration. There is a drawback that the system becomes complicated as a whole.
[0004]
Further, a proposal has been made to eliminate the display double image by making linearly polarized light incident at a Brewster angle using a half-wave plate (see Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-141720). No specific materials / methods are disclosed for ensuring safety.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and is a head-up display in which a double image generated when a windshield glass of an automobile, a railway vehicle or the like is used as a display body is uniformly and remarkably reduced in a wide display wavelength band. Try to provide a device .
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the present invention is the vehicle exterior and the interior side and the windshield glass and the glass plate is made of laminated glass composed are joined via an intermediate layer, the indicator that emits display light at approximately the Brewster angle to the windshield And polarization means for converting the display light emitted from the display into linearly polarized light, and s-polarized light obtained by converting the display light emitted from the display by the polarization means is formed on the inner surface of the windshield glass is reflected, a head-up display equipment to the virtual image display in front view of the driver, wherein the outer surface of the interior side glass plate of the windshield glass, a resin film which has been stretched 10μm or 50μm or less in thickness made, half-wave plate that converts the s-polarized light into p-polarized light is enclosed, interior side of the interior-side glass plate of the windshield glass Is provided with a reflection film for increasing the reflection efficiency, and the reflection film has a reflectance in a wavelength region where conversion efficiency from s-polarized light to p-polarized light by the half-wave plate is low, by the half-wave plate. A head-up display device characterized in that a double image luminance ratio is made uniform over the entire visible light region by increasing the reflectance of a wavelength region having high conversion efficiency from s-polarized light to p-polarized light. provide.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of a vehicle windshield glass in the present invention.
A
A half-wave plate 4 is sealed between the interlayer film 6 and the vehicle interior glass plate 1 via the isocyanate-based
[0008]
In the above example, the windshield glass is made of laminated glass, but the structure of a laminate of single plate glass or the like and a transparent resin layer may be used as the windshield glass. In this case, the half-wave plate is sealed between the glass plate and the transparent resin layer.
[0009]
As a half-wave plate in the present invention, a stretched PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) resin is suitable from the viewpoint of encapsulating in laminated glass, and when it is attached to windshield glass, it has a thickness of 50 μm or less, and is regulated by any vehicle. From the necessity of satisfying the optical quality required above, the thickness is desirably 30 μm or less. On the other hand, in satisfying the basic performance as a half-wave plate, a film with an extremely thin thickness is difficult to maintain and extremely difficult to handle as a film, so at least 10 μm. The above thickness is desirable.
[0010]
As the phase retardation wavelength (retardation value) of the half-wave plate, a range of 210 to 340 nm can be used in order to exert an effective effect on the region used for display. In view of the above, the range of 250 to 300 nm is particularly desirable so as to obtain an average conversion efficiency from s-polarized light to p-polarized light in the display wavelength band of the entire visible light region.
[0011]
This half-wave plate can be obtained by, for example, uniaxially stretching an optical PVA film obtained from a PVA resin by a solution casting method, an extrusion method, a calendar method, or the like. As a method of uniaxial stretching, a method of passing a film between two or more pairs of different circumferences, a horizontal uniaxial stretching method by a tenter method, a rolling method, and the like can be adopted.
[0012]
The retardation value of the half-wave plate is preferably in the range of 210 to 340 nm. In order to obtain such a desired retardation value, it is achieved by appropriately setting and controlling the draw ratio, the draw speed, the temperature in the drawing tank, the residence time in the tank, and the like as appropriate.
[0013]
In addition, as described above, the half-wave plate in the present invention preferably has a thickness of 10 μm or more and 50 μm or less in order to enclose it in a windshield glass for vehicle use. In order to make the retardation value range 210 to 340 nm with such a half-wave plate having a thickness, it is required to increase the degree of orientation of the film. Specifically, a half-wave plate having the above-described desired thickness and retardation value can be obtained by using some biaxial stretching in combination or employing a rolling method. In order to maintain the quality of a thin film as described above, it is preferable to laminate a half-wave plate on a supporting film (base material) during film winding.
[0014]
In view of protection from external factors, the half-wave plate is preferably provided between the glass plate constituting the windshield glass and the intermediate film, or between the two intermediate films.
[0015]
In order to adhere a PVA film as a half-wave plate to glass and / or an intermediate film and ensure high adhesion required for laminated glass, an isocyanate-based adhesive is optimal, and the thickness is From the viewpoint of making the total thickness after encapsulation as small as possible and ensuring the necessary adhesion, it is desirable that the thickness be 1 μm or more and 5 μm or less. Isocyanate-based adhesives can develop the necessary adhesive force by heat treatment in the laminated glass manufacturing process, and PET (polyethylene terephthalate) or the like in a web state so as not to impair the transparency of the glass and PVA film. It is coated on a substrate having good smoothness and can be used by laminating with a PVA film in a film state.
[0016]
Furthermore, in order to exhibit the best effect as a half-wave plate, the half-wave plate has an incident direction in which s-polarized light enters the half-wave plate and a three-dimensional refractive index of the half-wave plate. The angle between the direction of the fast axis or slow axis when s-polarized light travels through the half-wave plate and the vibration direction of s-polarized light, determined by the characteristics, is 45 ± 5 degrees. Thus, it is preferable to be disposed on the windshield. Hereinafter, such an angle setting is simply referred to as “the orientation angle of the film stretching axis is 45 ± 5 degrees”.
[0017]
Specifically, the three-dimensional refractive index is the three refractive indexes of the refractive index nx , ny in the direction perpendicular to the film surface and the refractive index nz in the direction perpendicular to the film surface. The ellipsoid formed when the refractive index ellipsoid defined by the refractive index is cut along a plane perpendicular to the display light traveling direction (display light incident direction) emitted from the display including the center of the refractive index ellipsoid. It is preferable that the long axis direction of the body and the polarization direction of incident light be 45 ± 5 degrees.
[0018]
In the present invention, it is preferable to provide a reflective film for increasing the reflection efficiency on the surface of the windshield glass corresponding to the portion where the half-wave plate is provided. The phase retardation wavelength (retardation value) of the half-wave plate is slightly changed from the initial value through the process of enclosing the film in the laminated glass, or distribution occurs in the plane. Desirably, the area and shape are all included in the wave plate. When the windshield glass is laminated glass, the reflective film is provided on the inner side surface of the vehicle outer side glass plate, the outer side or inner side surface of the vehicle inner side glass, but in view of the reflection efficiency and the appearance of the reflected image. It is preferable to be provided on the inner surface of the vehicle interior glass plate.
[0019]
The reflective film has a high reflectance in a wavelength band where the conversion efficiency from s-polarized light to p-polarized light by the half-wave plate is low, and has an average double image luminance ratio over the entire visible light region. It is desirable.
[0020]
The reflection film provided on the inner surface of the glass is usually obtained by uniformly coating a dielectric thin film having a high refractive index with respect to glass with a thickness of several tens to several hundreds nm. Conventionally, a thin film mainly composed of TiO 2 or the like used for display has high hardness, but generally, when the film is thickened to ensure reflectivity, the scratch resistance is deteriorated. In order to improve the scratch resistance, it is necessary to smooth the film surface and increase the adhesion to the glass substrate. Generally, the addition of glass components such as SiO 2 is effective. The refractive index decreases, and it becomes difficult to increase the maximum reflectance.
[0021]
In the reflective film of the present invention, since the double image of display is considerably reduced by the half-wave plate, a sufficient effect can be expected even with a relatively low reflectance enough to compensate for the loss of the back surface reflection. It is possible to reduce the thickness of the material with a medium refractive index having excellent properties and the same film material. Further, since it is not necessary to raise the reflectance to the maximum within the restrictions on the transmittance defined by laws and regulations, it is possible to obtain a good appearance in which reflection is less noticeable from the outside of the vehicle.
[0022]
In the present invention, since the half-wave plate can rotate the polarization direction of incident light by 90 degrees, for example, when s-polarized light is used as incident light, the half-wave plate is transmitted through the half-wave plate serving as back-surface reflected light. The light becomes a p-polarized component, and the reflectivity on the back surface can increase the difference from the vehicle interior surface reflectivity around the Brewster angle of around 57 degrees, thereby reducing the double image.
[0023]
By providing a reflective film with a high refractive index on the vehicle inner surface of the windshield glass, the effect of making the Brewster angle slightly larger than that of the untreated glass (refractive index 1.52), and the back reflection brightness due to the increase in the reflectance Due to the attenuation effect, double image reduction when the incident angle is 60 degrees or more, which is common in passenger cars, improvement of insufficient brightness that is insufficient with reflection on only one side, and double image reduction effect for wavelengths with a large deviation from the design delay wavelength Improvement and averaging of double image luminance in a wide wavelength band can be achieved simultaneously. In addition, when the display is monochromatic or the wavelength distribution is not so large and the light quantity of the display is sufficient, it is possible to exclude the reflective film as a matter of course.
[0024]
【Example】
[Example 1]
A windshield glass having the configuration shown in FIG. 1 was produced by the following method.
After polishing with cerium oxide and washing with water, a 2 mm thick transparent soda lime float glass plate (car interior glass plate 1) is prepared, and a 30 nm thick reflective film mainly composed of TiO 2 —SiO 2 2 (refractive index 1.92) was coated.
[0025]
After laminating a 1 μm thick isocyanate-based
[0026]
A monochromatic s-polarized light having display wavelengths of 480 nm, 545 nm, and 630 nm is incident on the laminated glass at incident angles of 55 degrees and 60 degrees, and the front surface reflected light luminance and the rear surface reflected light luminance are measured with a luminance meter. The image luminance ratio (back surface reflected light luminance / car inner surface reflected light luminance:%) was calculated. Here, the double image luminance ratio is the luminance ratio between the reflectance of the vehicle interior surface and the back surface reflection of the glass, and the display double image can be reduced by reducing the value of the double image luminance ratio. It is a level that hardly recognizes a double image at 1.7% or less, and a level at which the double image is slightly worrisome at 3% or less. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0027]
[0028]
[Example 2]
A laminated glass was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the uniaxially stretched PVA film was laminated so that the angle of the film stretching axis was 40 degrees. The results of measuring the double image luminance ratio in the same manner as in Example 1 are shown in Table 1.
[0029]
[Example 3]
A laminated glass having the same configuration was produced in the same manner as the laminated glass of Example 1 except that the half-wave plate was not enclosed in the laminated glass. The results of measuring the double image luminance ratio in the same manner as in Example 1 are shown in Table 1.
[0030]
[Example 4]
A laminated glass having the same configuration was produced in the same manner as the laminated glass of Example 1 except that the vehicle interior glass plate of Example 1 was not coated with a reflective film and the half-wave plate was not enclosed in the laminated glass. The results of measuring the double image luminance ratio in the same manner as in Example 1 are shown in Table 1.
[0031]
[Example 5]
A 2 mm thick transparent glass plate surface that has been sufficiently dried is coated with a reflective film (refractive index: 1.93) composed mainly of TiO 2 —SiO 2 having a thickness of 63 nm. The laminated glass was laminated with 2 mm thick bronze glass through a PVB film (intermediate film). This laminated glass corresponds to an example in which the reflection efficiency is higher than the reflection efficiency of the reflection films of Examples 1 and 3. That is, it is intended to increase the reflection efficiency and make the double image inconspicuous. The results of measuring the double image luminance ratio in the same manner as in Example 1 are shown in Table 1.
[0032]
[Example 6]
A laminated glass was produced in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the uniaxially stretched PVA film of Example 1 was laminated so that the angle of the film stretching axis was 35 degrees. The results of measuring the double image luminance ratio in the same manner as in Example 1 are shown in Table 1.
[0033]
As shown in Table 1, when Example 1 and Example 3 were compared, the laminated glass of Example 3 showed a double image luminance ratio of 22 to 35%, whereas the laminated glass of Example 1 was 0.2%. It was 1 to 1.7%, a level at which double images could hardly be recognized.
[0034]
In addition, when the impact resistance test and optical quality evaluation based on JIS-R3211 were implemented about these laminated glasses, it was confirmed that it is the adhesive luminance equivalent to a normal laminated glass, and the perspective distortion of an allowable range.
[0035]
Also, as shown in Table 1, the laminated glass of Example 4 had a double image luminance ratio of about 45 to 65%, whereas the laminated glass of Example 2 had a double image luminance ratio of 0.3 to 3 %, And a level at which the double image is slightly worrisome at the display wavelength where the deviation from the design wavelength is large, but at a wavelength near the design wavelength, the double image is hardly recognized.
[0036]
Furthermore, in the laminated glass of Example 1, the brightness of the double image by each display color was averaged, and the display brightness was improved by 50 to 55% as compared with the glass not provided with the reflective film. These samples showed a value of 13.0% in terms of vertical reflectance with a JIS A light source, and the reflection was not so conspicuous and a good appearance was exhibited.
[0037]
On the other hand, as shown in Table 1, the laminated glass of Example 5 had a double image luminance ratio of 11 to 14%, which was a level at which a double image could still be recognized. The vertical reflectance (random light) on the reflective film side was 18.1%, and the reflection was somewhat conspicuous in appearance.
[0038]
Further, as shown in Table 1, the laminated glass of Example 6 has a double image luminance ratio of about 11 to 16%, and means for making the double image inconspicuous by increasing the reflection efficiency of Example 5. The recognition level of the double image was almost the same. However, sufficient rotation of the incident polarization plane was not achieved, and the double image could still be recognized.
[0039]
[Table 1]
【The invention's effect】
In the present invention, the back-reflected light is attenuated by the half-wave plate provided inside the windshield glass, and the high refractive index reflective film is provided on the inner surface of the inner plate glass constituting the windshield glass. Thus, compensation for insufficient luminance and characteristic deterioration at a wavelength at which the function of the half-wave plate is reduced can be compensated.
That is, according to the present invention, the display brightness can be improved to the extent that the appearance is not sacrificed at the same time as the display double image, which is difficult to solve by the conventional coating alone, is greatly reduced.
[0041]
In addition, by setting the thickness of the half-wave plate to 10 μm to 30 μm and pasting together with an isocyanate-based adhesive, it is possible to ensure various performances stipulated by laws and regulations as an automotive windshield.
[Brief description of the drawings]
Schematic sectional view showing an example of the windshield glass for vehicles in the present invention; FIG EXPLANATION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS
1: Car interior glass plate 2: Reflective film 3: Isocyanate adhesive layer 4: 1/2 wavelength plate 5: Isocyanate adhesive layer 6: Intermediate film 7: Car outer glass plate
Claims (6)
前記ウインドシールドガラスの前記車内側ガラス板の外側面には、厚さが１０μｍ以上５０μｍ以下の延伸した樹脂フィルムからなる、ｓ偏光をｐ偏光に変換する１／２波長板が封入されており、
前記ウインドシールドガラスの前記車内側ガラス板の車内側面には、反射効率を上げる反射膜が設けられ、
前記反射膜は、前記１／２波長板によるｓ偏光からｐ偏光への変換効率が低い波長領域の反射率を、前記１／２波長板によるｓ偏光からｐ偏光への変換効率が高い波長領域の反射率に比べて高くすることにより、可視光全領域にわたって二重像輝度比を均一にすることを特徴とする、ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。 A windshield glass and the vehicle exterior and the interior-side glass plate made of laminated glass composed are joined via an intermediate film, and a display device that emits display light at approximately the Brewster angle to the windshield glass, the display And polarizing means for converting the display light emitted from the display into linearly polarized light, and reflects the s-polarized light obtained by converting the display light emitted from the display by the polarizing means on the vehicle inner surface of the windshield glass, a head-up display equipment to the virtual image display in the forward view of
Wherein an outer surface of the vehicle inner glass sheet of the windshield glass is made of a resin film is stretched 10μm or 50μm or less in thickness, a half-wave plate that converts the s-polarized light into p-polarized light is sealed,
A reflection film that increases the reflection efficiency is provided on the inner surface of the windshield glass on the vehicle interior glass plate,
The reflective film has a reflectance in a wavelength region where conversion efficiency from s-polarized light to p-polarized light by the half-wave plate is low, and a wavelength region where conversion efficiency from s-polarized light to p-polarized light by the half-wave plate is high. by higher than the reflectance, characterized in that a uniform double image luminance ratio over the entire visible light region, a head-up display device.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12265797A JP4076246B2 (en) | 1996-05-24 | 1997-05-13 | Head-up display device |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP13019896 | 1996-05-24 | ||
| JP8-130198 | 1996-05-24 | ||
| JP12265797A JP4076246B2 (en) | 1996-05-24 | 1997-05-13 | Head-up display device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH1096874A JPH1096874A (en) | 1998-04-14 |
| JP4076246B2 true JP4076246B2 (en) | 2008-04-16 |
Family
ID=26459749
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12265797A Expired - Fee Related JP4076246B2 (en) | 1996-05-24 | 1997-05-13 | Head-up display device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4076246B2 (en) |
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| FR2915193B1 (en) * | 2007-04-23 | 2009-07-31 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | GLAZING FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE AND A MOTOR VEHICLE COMPRISING SUCH A GLAZING |
| FR2915192B1 (en) * | 2007-04-23 | 2009-07-31 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | GLAZING FOR AN INTERIOR MIRROR FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE, INTERIOR MIRROR COMPRISING SUCH A GLAZING AND MOTOR VEHICLE EQUIPPED WITH SUCH A MIRROR |
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1997
- 1997-05-13 JP JP12265797A patent/JP4076246B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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|---|---|
| JPH1096874A (en) | 1998-04-14 |
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