JP4042967B2 - Filtration device backwash method - Google Patents

Filtration device backwash method Download PDF

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JP4042967B2
JP4042967B2 JP2003021857A JP2003021857A JP4042967B2 JP 4042967 B2 JP4042967 B2 JP 4042967B2 JP 2003021857 A JP2003021857 A JP 2003021857A JP 2003021857 A JP2003021857 A JP 2003021857A JP 4042967 B2 JP4042967 B2 JP 4042967B2
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water
backwashing
backwash
filter element
lower chamber
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JP2004230287A (en
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淳 中円尾
幹雄 菅野
利夫 森田
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Organo Corp
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Organo Corp
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Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、濾過装置の逆洗方法に関し、とくに、濾過塔内に設けられた仕切板にフィルタエレメントを吊下したタイプの濾過装置の逆洗方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
フィルタエレメントを濾過塔内に配置し、水中の懸濁物質の除去を目的とした濾過装置においては、懸濁物質除去を重ねることで濾過装置の差圧が上昇した場合、濾過水もしくは逆洗用水を逆流させることでフィルタエレメントを洗浄して差圧を回復させる「逆洗型濾過装置」と、このような逆洗を実施せずフィルタエレメントを交換する「非逆洗型濾過装置」がある。
【０００３】
逆洗型濾過装置では、濾過装置内でのフィルタエレメント取付形態によって逆洗方法、逆洗用水の流れ方向が異なる。主なフィルタエレメント取付形態として、図４に示すような「フィルタエレメント吊り下げ型」と図５に示すような「フィルタエレメント下部固定型」がある。
【０００４】
図４に示すフィルタエレメント吊り下げ型の濾過装置２１においては、濾過塔２２内の上部に設けられた仕切板２３により上室２４と下室２５とに仕切られ、仕切板２３にフィルタエレメント２６が吊下されて固定される。一般的に、被処理水は濾過塔２２の下部から導入され、フィルタエレメント２６で濾過された後、処理水が上室２４に集められ、そこから所定の行先へ送られる。
【０００５】
一方、図５に示すフィルタエレメント下部固定型の濾過装置３１においては、濾過塔３２内の下部に設けられた仕切板３３により上室３４と下室３５とに仕切られ、仕切板３３にフィルタエレメント３６が立設されるよう、フィルタエレメント３６の下部が仕切板３３に固定される。この場合の一般的な固定構造として、図５に示すように、仕切板３３を貫通するフィルタアダプター（連通管）３７が仕切板３３に固定され、このフィルタアダプター３７にフィルタエレメント３６が接合される。被処理水は装置下部もしくは上部から上室３４内に導入され、フィルタエレメント３６で濾過された後、処理水としてフィルタアダプター３７を通って仕切板３３で仕切られた下室３５に集められ、そこから所定の行先へ送られる。
【０００６】
このようなフィルタエレメント下部固定型の濾過装置３１における一般的な逆洗方法では、濾過装置３１の濾過運転停止後、上室３４内に溜まった被処理水中の、および通水が停止したことでフィルタエレメント３６から一部剥離した懸濁物質を、上室３４内の被処理水とともに全量ドレンする。このとき、濾過助材、たとえばプリコートされていた粉末樹脂等を用いている場合には、剥離した廃濾過助材も一緒にドレンする。その後、処理水が溜まっている仕切板３３下部の下室３５に高圧の逆洗用空気を導入することで、水と共にフィルタエレメント内部より外部に向けて急速に吹き出させて逆洗を実施し、十分に洗浄するために、下室３５への逆洗用水補給（水張り）を含むこの操作を数回繰り返す。
【０００７】
一方、フィルタエレメント吊り下げ型の濾過装置２１における一般的な逆洗方法では、濾過装置２１の濾過運転停止後、処理水が集まった上室２４内に高圧の逆洗用空気を導入し、濾過塔２２の下部に接続された被処理水導入ラインに設けられた処理水入口弁（図示略）もしくはドレンラインに設けられた逆洗水ドレン弁が開かれた状態で、仕切板２３上部の水を高流速で一気にフィルタエレメント２６を逆流させることにより、フィルタエレメント２６に付着していた懸濁物質を剥離し、洗浄する。この場合、１回目の逆洗で仕切板２３上部の処理水が放出されてしまうため、繰り返し逆洗を行う場合には、濾過装置２１本体とは別に、上室２４に接続された逆洗用水タンクを設け、そこに貯留された逆洗用水を高圧空気で上室２４内に導入し、導入された逆洗用水を高流速で一気にフィルタエレメント２６を逆流させることにより、フィルタエレメント２６に付着していた懸濁物質を剥離し、洗浄する。
【０００８】
【特許文献１】
特開平１０−１５３６４号公報（特許請求の範囲）
【０００９】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところが、上記のようなフィルタエレメント吊り下げ型の濾過装置の逆洗方法においては、経験的に、吊下されたフィルタエレメント２６の上部における洗浄性が下部における洗浄性に比べて劣る傾向がある。つまり、高流速でフィルタエレメント２６内を逆流され、下室２５内へと放出される逆洗用水が、フィルタエレメント２６の上部側よりも下部側に効果的に作用し、上部側の洗浄効果が下部側よりも劣る傾向にある。また、上部側を十分に洗浄しようとしてこのような逆洗を繰り返した場合、洗浄性は向上するものの、逆洗排水が大量に発生してしまうという問題がある。逆洗排水は、さらに固液分離やスラッジの濃縮脱水処理を施さなければならない場合が多く、たとえば、発電所、中でも原子力発電所における逆洗排水は厳格に処理されなければならないため、大量の逆洗排水が発生すると、それだけ処理に手間とコストがかかるという問題を招く。したがって、このような場所に設置された濾過装置の逆洗においては、極力、逆洗排水量を低減させることが望まれる。
【００１０】
そこで本発明の課題は、このような問題点に着目し、フィルタエレメント吊り下げ型の濾過装置の逆洗方法において、フィルタエレメントを上下部均一に洗浄できるようにするとともにフィルタエレメント全体に対する洗浄性を向上し、かつ、逆洗排水量の低減が可能な、濾過装置の逆洗方法を提供することにある。
【００１１】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するために、本発明に係る濾過装置の逆洗方法は、濾過塔内部を上室と下室とに仕切る仕切板に、前記下室内に収容されたフィルタエレメントを吊下し、前記下室内に導入された被処理水をフィルタエレメントで濾過した後前記上室を通して排出する濾過装置における逆洗方法であって、前記下室内におけるフィルタエレメントの最下部よりも上位まで水を張った状態で、前記上室から前記フィルタエレメントを通して前記下室内へ逆洗用水を送る逆洗を実施し、かつ、前記逆洗時用の下室内への水張りの水位を逆洗ごとに変化させることを特徴とする方法からなる。
【００１２】
この濾過装置の逆洗方法においては、逆洗時用の下室内への水張りの水位を逆洗ごとに変化させる。すなわち、逆洗を繰り返す場合に、逆洗開始直前の下室内への水張りの水位を逆洗ごとに変化させる。
【００１３】
また、濾過塔の側面で、前記下室の上部に対応する位置に、逆洗用空気抜き弁を備えた開閉可能な逆洗用空気抜きライン（開閉弁を備えたライン）を接続し、逆洗時に該ラインを開とし、濾過塔下部に接続されたドレンラインを原則的に閉として、逆洗に使用された逆洗排水の全量または一部を前記逆洗時用の下室内への水張り用水とすることが好ましい。
【００１４】
本発明におけるフィルタエレメントとしては、とくに限定しないが、逆洗の対象となる、あるいは逆洗により差圧性能を良好に回復可能な、プリーツ型またはプリコート型または中空糸膜型フィルタエレメントを用いることができる。
【００１５】
また、本発明方法の対象となる濾過装置の設置場所等についてもとくに限定しないが、前述したように、発電所では逆洗排水の厳格な後処理が要求され、とくに逆洗排水量を減らすことが要求されるので、本発明は、とくに発電所に設けられている濾過装置の逆洗に好適なものである。
【００１６】
上記のような本発明に係る濾過装置の逆洗方法においては、逆洗工程中に、下室内を満水とせず、フィルタエレメントの最下部よりも上位まで水を張ってその水位よりも上部には空気層を形成した状態にて、上室からフィルタエレメントを通して下室内へと逆洗用水を送る逆洗を実施するステップが設けられる。この場合、予め張られていた水が抵抗となるため、上記水位よりも下部のフィルタエレメント部分、つまり、予め張られていた水に浸漬していたフィルタエレメント部分における逆洗用水および空気の透過量が低減され、上記空気層に対応する位置にあるフィルタエレメント部分における逆洗用水および空気の透過量が増加されて、その部位での洗浄性が向上される。したがって、従来下部側ほど洗浄されやすく上部側ほど洗浄されにくかった傾向が是正され、吊下されたフィルタエレメントが全長にわたって均一に洗浄されることが可能になり、フィルタエレメント全体としての洗浄性も向上される。
【００１７】
また、本発明においては、上述のように下室内への水張りの水位を逆洗ごとに変化させて逆洗を複数回繰り返す場合、逆洗後に下室内に残留する逆洗排水を逆洗ごとに全量系外に排出し、次の逆洗に必要な水張り用水をその都度、下室内に新たに導入するようにしても良いが、このようにすると、逆洗を繰り返し行う逆洗工程全体としての、系外に排出される逆洗排水の総量が多くなってしまう。そこで、上述のように逆洗を繰り返す場合には、逆洗によって下室内に排出された逆洗排水をその都度、全量系外に排出してしまうのではなく、逆洗排水の全量またはその一部を下室内に残留させ、次の逆洗時用の水張り用水として利用するとよい。たとえば、濾過塔の側面で、下室の上部に対応する位置に、開閉可能な前述のラインを接続し、逆洗時に該ラインを開とし、濾過塔下部に接続されたドレンラインを閉として逆洗を行うことにより、逆洗に使用された逆洗排水の全量または一部をそのまま下室内への水張り用水として下室内に残すことが可能になる。このように逆洗排水の全量または一部を下室内への水張り用水として利用することで、逆洗を繰り返し行う逆洗工程全体としての、系外に放出される逆洗排水量が大幅に低減されることになると共に、下室内への水張りの水位を逆洗ごとに上昇させることができてフィルタエレメントを上下部均一に洗浄することができる。
【００１８】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に、本発明の望ましい実施の形態を、図面を参照しながら説明する。
図１は、本発明に係る方法の実施に用いるフィルタエレメント吊り下げ型の濾過装置１を、周りの配管系および弁とともに示している。濾過塔２の内部は、仕切板３（チューブシートあるいは固定板とも呼ばれる。）によって上室４と下室５とに区画され、仕切板３には、下室５内に収容された複数のフィルタエレメント６が吊下されて固定されている。図１には２本のフィルタエレメント６を示してあるが、通常はより多数のフィルタエレメント６が設けられる。下室５には、被処理水を導入するための被処理水入口弁７を備えた被処理水導入ライン８と、ドレン弁９を備えたドレンライン１０が接続されており、本実施態様では、被処理水導入ライン８とドレンライン１０は一つのラインに合流された後濾過塔２の下室５に接続されている。上室４には、処理水出口弁１１を備えた処理水排出ライン１２と、逆洗用水導入弁１３を備えた逆洗用水導入ライン１４と、逆洗用空気入口弁１５を備えた逆洗用空気導入ライン１６が接続されている。逆洗用水導入ライン１４には、逆洗用水を貯留する逆洗用水タンク１７が接続されており、逆洗用水タンク１７には、逆洗用水補給弁１８ａを備えた逆洗用水補給ライン１８ｂおよび加圧空気送給弁１９ａを備えた加圧空気送給ライン１９ｂが接続されている。また、濾過塔２の側面で、下室５の上部に対応する位置には、逆洗用空気抜き弁２０ａを備えた逆洗用空気抜きライン２０ｂが接続されている。
【００１９】
このように構成された濾過装置１を用いて、本発明に係る逆洗方法は、例えば図２に示すように実施される。
図２に示す例においては、以下のような順序で操作される。
▲１▼濾過運転停止：被処理水入口弁７および処理水出口弁１１を閉じる（ステップ▲１▼）。このとき、濾過塔２内は満水状態にある。
【００２０】
▲２▼逆洗Ｉ：ドレン弁９、逆洗用空気入口弁１５を開き、逆洗用空気を導入して、濾過塔２の上室４内に溜まっていた処理水と共にフィルタエレメント６内部より外部に急速に吹き出させて洗浄する（ステップ▲２▼）。このとき、濾過塔２内の水は、本例では全量排出する（ブローする）。フィルタエレメント６がプリコート型の場合、この急速、全量排出による逆洗は有効である。また、この逆洗では、とくに、フィルタエレメント６の下端近傍が良好に洗浄される。
【００２１】
▲３▼逆洗準備Ｉ：その後、ドレン弁９、逆洗用空気入口弁１５を閉じ、逆洗用水補給弁１８ａを開いて逆洗用水タンク１７内に逆洗用水を補給するとともに、加圧空気送給弁１９ａを開いて逆洗用水タンク１７内に次の逆洗時に使用する加圧空気を封入する（ステップ▲３▼）。
【００２２】
▲４▼逆洗ＩＩ：逆洗用水補給弁１８ａ、加圧空気送給弁１９ａを閉じ、逆洗用水導入弁１３、逆洗用空気抜き弁２０ａを開いて、逆洗用水タンク１７内に溜められていた逆洗用水を該タンク１７内に封入されていた加圧空気によりフィルタエレメント６へと送り、フィルタエレメント６内部より外部に急速に吹き出させて洗浄する（ステップ▲４▼）。このとき、ドレン弁９は閉じられているので、フィルタエレメント６内部より外部に吹き出された逆洗排水は、下室５内に貯留され、下室５内が水張りされる。この水張りの水位は、図示の如く、フィルタエレメント６の下端よりも若干上位のレベルとされ、それより下部側のフィルタエレメント部分は下室５内に貯留された水に浸漬されたままとされる。また、水張りにより、下室５内の空気は、逆洗用空気抜き弁２０ａを介して外部に排出される（サイドベント）。この逆洗時には、途中から、フィルタエレメント６の下端近傍の部分が水に浸漬された状態での逆洗となるため、浸漬された部分での抵抗が高められて、水張り水位よりも上位の部分がより有効に逆洗されることになる。
【００２３】
▲５▼逆洗準備ＩＩ：逆洗を繰り返す場合は、逆洗用水導入弁１３、逆洗用空気抜き弁２０ａを閉じて、再び逆洗用水補給弁１８ａを開いて逆洗用水タンク１７内に逆洗用水を補給するとともに、加圧空気送給弁１９ａを開いて逆洗用水タンク１７内に次の逆洗時に使用する加圧空気を封入する（ステップ▲５▼）。
【００２４】
▲６▼逆洗ＩＩＩ：逆洗ＩＩと同様に、逆洗用水補給弁１８ａ、加圧空気送給弁１９ａを閉じ、逆洗用水導入弁１３、逆洗用空気抜き弁２０ａを開いて、逆洗用水タンク１７内に溜められていた逆洗用水を該タンク１７内に封入されていた加圧空気によりフィルタエレメント６へと送り、フィルタエレメント６内部より外部に急速に吹き出させて洗浄する（ステップ▲６▼）。フィルタエレメント６内部より外部に吹き出された逆洗排水は、下室５内に貯留され、下室５内が水張りされて、水張りの水位が、図示の如く、さらに上昇される。この逆洗では、フィルタエレメント６の水浸漬部分が逆洗ＩＩよりもさらに増加されているので、逆洗ＩＩよりもさらに上位のフィルタエレメント部分がより有効に逆洗されることになる。
【００２５】
▲７▼逆洗準備ＩＩＩ：逆洗をさらに繰り返す場合は、逆洗準備ＩＩと同様に、逆洗用水導入弁１３、逆洗用空気抜き弁２０ａを閉じて、再び逆洗用水補給弁１８ａを開いて逆洗用水タンク１７内に逆洗用水を補給するとともに、加圧空気送給弁１９ａを開いて逆洗用水タンク１７内に次の逆洗時に使用する加圧空気を封入する（ステップ▲７▼）。
【００２６】
▲８▼逆洗ＩＶ：逆洗ＩＩＩと同様に、逆洗用水補給弁１８ａ、加圧空気送給弁１９ａを閉じ、逆洗用水導入弁１３、逆洗用空気抜き弁２０ａを開いて、逆洗用水タンク１７内に溜められていた逆洗用水を該タンク１７内に封入されていた加圧空気によりフィルタエレメント６へと送り、フィルタエレメント６内部より外部に急速に吹き出させて洗浄する（ステップ▲８▼）。フィルタエレメント６内部より外部に吹き出された逆洗排水は、下室５内に貯留され、下室５内が水張りされて、水張りの水位が、図示の如く、さらに上昇される。この逆洗では、フィルタエレメント６の水浸漬部分が逆洗ＩＩＩよりもさらに増加されているので、逆洗ＩＩＩよりもさらに上位のフィルタエレメント部分がより有効に逆洗されることになる。
【００２７】
このように、所定回数の逆洗準備と逆洗を繰り返し、所定回数の逆洗が終了したら、濾過塔２内の逆洗排水を全量ドレンし、その後、濾過塔２内を満水として、次の濾過運転まで待機する。
【００２８】
上記のような濾過装置１の逆洗方法においては、逆洗工程中に、下室５内に水を張ってその水位よりも上部には空気層を形成した状態にて逆洗を実施するので、水張りの水位よりも下部のフィルタエレメント部分における逆洗用水および空気の透過量が低減され、上記空気層に対応する位置にあるフィルタエレメント部分における逆洗用水および空気の透過量が増加されて、その部位での洗浄性が向上される。逆洗ステップごとに水張り水位を上昇させていくことにより、従来下部側ほど洗浄されやすく上部側ほど洗浄されにくかった傾向が是正され、吊下されたフィルタエレメント６が全長にわたって均一に洗浄されることが可能になり、フィルタエレメント６全体としての洗浄性も向上されることになる。
【００２９】
また、上記のような本発明に係る逆洗方法では、フィルタエレメント６の逆洗に使用した水の全量または一部が、上記逆洗時用の下室内への水張り用水として下室５内に残されるので、逆洗に使用した水の全量を下室５内から系外に排出させ、次の逆洗時には下室５内に新たに所定量の水張り用水を導入して逆洗を行う場合に比べて、逆洗を繰り返し行う逆洗工程全体としての、系外に放出される逆洗排水量が大幅に低減されることになる。
【００３０】
本発明に係る逆洗方法によるフィルタエレメントの洗浄性を確認するために、以下の通水試験を実施した。
〔試験方法〕
２本のカラム（カラムＡ、カラムＢ）を設置したフィルタエレメント通水試験装置を使用し、各カラムにプリーツ型フィルタエレメントを「吊り下げ型」で充填し、鉄クラッド濃度１００μｇ／Ｌに調整した試験水を通水した。この通水試験ではフィルタエレメント膜面積１ｍ2 当たり１０ｇの鉄クラッドを捕捉した時点で通水を停止して逆洗を実施し、以降、同じ条件で通水と逆洗を実施し、この通水と逆洗を１サイクルとし合計１０サイクル繰り返した。なお、１回の通水停止期間中に５回の逆洗を行った。
【００３１】
逆洗方法は、カラム上室と連結した逆洗用水タンクに純水を張り、高圧空気を導入することで逆洗用水をフィルタエレメントに逆流させる方式を用い、この操作を１度の逆洗において５回行うが、Ａカラムでは５回とも下部ドレン弁を開としたままで、逆洗用水をカラム下室に貯留せずに逆洗操作する。一方、Ｂカラムでは１回目の逆洗では下部ドレン弁を開とし、逆洗水を全量排出するが、２回目以降はサイドベント弁（前述の逆洗用空気抜き弁）を開とし、逆洗水の全量もしくは一部をカラム下室に貯留し、カラム下室の水張り量を調整した上で（貯留した水の水位が徐々に高くなるように調整した上で）逆洗を実施した。
【００３２】
また、１０サイクル終了後にカラムＡ及びカラムＢのフィルタエレメントについて、各々上部、中部、下部から濾過膜をサンプリングし、付着した鉄量を測定した。各サイクルにおけるカラムＡ及びカラムＢの通水初期差圧推移を図３に示す。また、カラムＡ及びカラムＢのフィルタエレメントについて、各部位の濾過膜付着鉄量測定結果を表１に示す。なお、表１には、各部位の濾過膜付着量を、Ａカラムの濾過膜上部に付着した鉄量を１．０とした場合の比率で示してある。
【００３３】
【表１】

Figure 0004042967
【００３４】
図３より、カラムＡの通水初期差圧はサイクルを重ねる毎に上昇傾向を示したが、カラムＢの通水初期差圧は低い値のまま安定して推移した。また、表１より、カラムＡではフィルタエレメントの上部側ほど付着鉄量（付着鉄の逆洗後残量）が多かったが、カラムＢではフィルタエレメント長さ方向（上下方向）の付着鉄量は均一となり、合計付着鉄量もカラムＡと比べて少なくなった。これらのことから逆洗時にカラム下室に水張りし、その水張り量を調整することでフィルタエレメントの洗浄性が大幅に向上することを確認できた。
【００３５】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明に係る濾過装置の逆洗方法によれば、濾過塔内に水を所定水位まで張った状態で逆洗を行うようにしたので、フィルタエレメントを長さ方向に均一に洗浄でき、かつ、全体としての洗浄性も向上することが可能になる。
【００３６】
また、とくに逆洗を繰り返し行う場合に、逆洗に使用された逆洗排水の全量または一部をそのまま下室内に残して水張り用水として利用することで、逆洗排水量を大幅に低減することが可能になる。したがって、とくに原子力発電所における濾過装置の逆洗に対し、逆洗排水の処理負荷を大幅に低減することが可能になる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明に係る方法の実施に用いる濾過装置の配管系統図である。
【図２】本発明に係る濾過装置の逆洗方法の操作順の一例を示す工程フロー図である。
【図３】本発明に係る濾過装置の逆洗方法による効果を確認するために行った試験の差圧回復特性図である。
【図４】本発明方法の適用対象となるフィルタエレメント吊り下げ型の濾過装置の概略構成図である。
【図５】比較のために示した、本発明の適用対象外のフィルタエレメント下部固定型の濾過装置の概略構成図である。
【符号の説明】
１ 濾過装置
２ 濾過塔
３ 仕切板
４ 上室
５ 下室
６ フィルタエレメント
７ 被処理水入口弁
８ 被処理水導入ライン
９ ドレン弁
１０ ドレンライン
１１ 処理水出口弁
１２ 処理水排出ライン
１３ 逆洗用水導入弁
１４ 逆洗用水導入ライン
１５ 逆洗用空気入口弁
１６ 逆洗用空気導入ライン
１７ 逆洗用水タンク
１８ａ 逆洗用水補給弁
１８ｂ 逆洗用水補給ライン
１９ａ 加圧空気送給弁
１９ｂ 加圧空気送給ライン
２０ａ 逆洗用空気抜き弁
２０ｂ 逆洗用空気抜きライン[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a backwashing method for a filtration device, and more particularly to a backwashing method for a filtration device of a type in which a filter element is suspended from a partition plate provided in a filtration tower.
[0002]
[Prior art]
If the filter element is placed in the filtration tower and the purpose is to remove suspended substances in water, if the differential pressure of the filtration apparatus increases due to repeated removal of suspended substances, filtered water or backwash water There is a “backwashing type filtration device” in which the filter element is washed back to recover the differential pressure, and a “non-backwashing type filtration device” in which the filter element is replaced without performing such backwashing.
[0003]
In the backwash type filtration device, the backwashing method and the flow direction of backwashing water differ depending on the filter element mounting form in the filtration device. As main filter element mounting forms, there are a “filter element hanging type” as shown in FIG. 4 and a “filter element lower fixed type” as shown in FIG.
[0004]
In the filter element hanging type filtration device 21 shown in FIG. 4, the upper chamber 24 and the lower chamber 25 are partitioned by a partition plate 23 provided in the upper part of the filtration tower 22, and the filter element 26 is provided on the partition plate 23. Suspended and fixed. In general, the water to be treated is introduced from the lower part of the filter tower 22 and filtered by the filter element 26, and then the treated water is collected in the upper chamber 24 and sent from there to a predetermined destination.
[0005]
On the other hand, in the filter element 31 fixed to the lower part of the filter element shown in FIG. 5, the upper chamber 34 and the lower chamber 35 are partitioned by a partition plate 33 provided at the lower portion in the filtration tower 32, and the filter element is separated by the partition plate 33. The lower part of the filter element 36 is fixed to the partition plate 33 so that 36 is erected. As a general fixing structure in this case, as shown in FIG. 5, a filter adapter (communication pipe) 37 penetrating the partition plate 33 is fixed to the partition plate 33, and the filter element 36 is joined to the filter adapter 37. . Water to be treated is introduced into the upper chamber 34 from the lower or upper part of the apparatus, filtered by the filter element 36, collected as the treated water in the lower chamber 35 partitioned by the partition plate 33 through the filter adapter 37, and there. Sent to a predetermined destination.
[0006]
In a general backwashing method in such a filter element lower fixed type filtration device 31, after the filtration operation of the filtration device 31 is stopped, water in the treated water collected in the upper chamber 34 and water flow are stopped. The suspended substance partially separated from the filter element 36 is drained together with the water to be treated in the upper chamber 34. At this time, when a filter aid, for example, a precoated powder resin or the like is used, the separated waste filter aid is also drained together. Thereafter, by introducing high-pressure backwashing air into the lower chamber 35 below the partition plate 33 in which treated water is accumulated, the water is rapidly blown out from the inside of the filter element together with water, and backwashing is performed. In order to perform sufficient washing, this operation including the backwash water supply (water filling) to the lower chamber 35 is repeated several times.
[0007]
On the other hand, in a general backwashing method in the filter element hanging type filtration device 21, after the filtration operation of the filtration device 21 is stopped, high-pressure backwashing air is introduced into the upper chamber 24 where the treated water is collected, and the filtration is performed. In the state where the treated water inlet valve (not shown) provided in the treated water introduction line connected to the lower part of the tower 22 or the backwash water drain valve provided in the drain line is opened, By reversely flowing the filter element 26 at a high flow rate, the suspended substances adhering to the filter element 26 are peeled off and washed. In this case, since the treated water at the upper part of the partition plate 23 is discharged by the first backwashing, the backwashing water connected to the upper chamber 24 is separated from the main body of the filtration device 21 when the backwashing is repeated. A tank is provided, and the backwash water stored in the tank is introduced into the upper chamber 24 with high-pressure air, and the introduced backwash water is backflowed at a high flow rate at a stretch to adhere to the filter element 26. Remove suspended material and wash.
[0008]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-15364 (Claims)
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the backwashing method of the filter element hanging type filtration device as described above, the cleaning performance at the upper part of the suspended filter element 26 tends to be inferior to the cleaning performance at the lower part. That is, the backwashing water that is backflowed in the filter element 26 at a high flow rate and is discharged into the lower chamber 25 acts more effectively on the lower side than the upper side of the filter element 26, and the upper side cleaning effect is obtained. It tends to be inferior to the lower side. In addition, when such backwashing is repeated in an attempt to sufficiently wash the upper side, there is a problem that a large amount of backwashing wastewater is generated although the washability is improved. Backwash wastewater often requires further solid-liquid separation and sludge concentration and dewatering treatment.For example, backwash wastewater at power plants, especially nuclear power plants, must be treated strictly. When washing wastewater is generated, there is a problem that it takes time and effort for the treatment. Therefore, it is desired to reduce the amount of backwash drainage as much as possible in the backwashing of the filtration device installed in such a place.
[0010]
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to pay attention to such problems, and in the back washing method of the filter element hanging type filtration device, the filter element can be washed uniformly in the upper and lower parts and the washing performance for the entire filter element is improved. An object of the present invention is to provide a backwashing method for a filtration device that is improved and can reduce the amount of backwash wastewater.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the backwashing method of the filtration device according to the present invention suspends the filter element accommodated in the lower chamber on a partition plate that partitions the inside of the filtration tower into an upper chamber and a lower chamber, A backwashing method in a filtration device that drains water to be treated introduced into the lower chamber through a filter element and then discharges it through the upper chamber, and water is applied to a higher position than the lowest part of the filter element in the lower chamber. In the state, backwashing is performed by sending backwash water from the upper chamber to the lower chamber through the filter element , and the water level of water filling into the lower chamber for backwashing is changed for each backwash. It consists of a characteristic method.
[0012]
In this backwashing method of the filtration device, the water level in the lower chamber for backwashing is changed every backwashing . That is, when backwashing is repeated, the water level in the lower chamber immediately before the start of backwashing is changed for each backwash .
[0013]
In addition, on the side of the filtration tower, an openable backwash air vent line (a line equipped with an open / close valve) equipped with a backwash air vent valve is connected to a position corresponding to the upper part of the lower chamber. The line is opened, the drain line connected to the lower part of the filtration tower is closed in principle, and all or part of the backwash wastewater used for backwashing is filled with water for filling the lower chamber for backwashing. It is preferable to do.
[0014]
Although it does not specifically limit as a filter element in the present invention, it is possible to use a pleat type or precoat type or hollow fiber membrane type filter element that is a target of backwashing or that can recover differential pressure performance well by backwashing. it can.
[0015]
Moreover, although the installation location of the filtration device that is the subject of the method of the present invention is not particularly limited, as described above, the power plant requires strict post-treatment of backwash drainage, and particularly reduces the amount of backwash drainage. Since it is required, the present invention is particularly suitable for backwashing a filtration device provided in a power plant.
[0016]
In the backwashing method of the filtration apparatus according to the present invention as described above, during the backwashing process, the lower chamber is not filled with water, and the water is stretched up to the upper part of the lowermost part of the filter element and above the water level. In the state where the air layer is formed, there is provided a step of performing backwashing by sending backwash water from the upper chamber through the filter element to the lower chamber. In this case, since the water stretched in advance becomes a resistance, the amount of permeation of backwash water and air in the filter element portion below the water level, that is, in the filter element portion immersed in the water stretched in advance. Is reduced, and the permeation amount of backwash water and air in the filter element portion at a position corresponding to the air layer is increased, and the cleanability at that portion is improved. Therefore, the tendency for the lower side to be washed more easily and the upper side was less likely to be washed is corrected, and the suspended filter element can be uniformly washed over the entire length, improving the washing performance of the entire filter element. Is done.
[0017]
Further, in the present invention, when the backwashing is repeated a plurality of times by changing the water level of the water filling to the lower chamber for each backwash as described above, the backwash drainage remaining in the lower chamber after the backwash is returned for each backwash. The entire amount may be discharged out of the system, and water for water filling necessary for the next backwashing may be newly introduced into the lower chamber each time. The total amount of backwash wastewater discharged outside the system will increase. Therefore, when backwashing is repeated as described above, the backwash wastewater discharged into the lower chamber by backwashing is not discharged every time out of the system, but the entire amount of backwash wastewater or one of them It is good to leave the part in the lower chamber and use it as water filling water for the next backwashing. For example, on the side of the filtration tower, connect the aforementioned openable line to a position corresponding to the upper part of the lower chamber, open the line during backwashing, and close the drain line connected to the lower part of the filtration tower. By performing the washing, it is possible to leave the whole or part of the backwash drainage used for backwashing in the lower chamber as water filling water into the lower chamber. In this way, by using all or part of the backwash wastewater as water filling water into the lower chamber, the amount of backwash wastewater discharged outside the system as a whole backwash process in which backwash is repeated is greatly reduced. At the same time, the water level in the lower chamber can be raised for each backwash, and the filter element can be washed uniformly in the upper and lower portions.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a filter element-suspended filter device 1 used for carrying out the method according to the present invention together with surrounding piping systems and valves. The inside of the filtration tower 2 is partitioned into an upper chamber 4 and a lower chamber 5 by a partition plate 3 (also referred to as a tube sheet or a fixed plate), and the partition plate 3 includes a plurality of filters housed in the lower chamber 5. The element 6 is suspended and fixed. Although two filter elements 6 are shown in FIG. 1, usually a larger number of filter elements 6 are provided. A treated water introduction line 8 having a treated water inlet valve 7 for introducing treated water and a drain line 10 equipped with a drain valve 9 are connected to the lower chamber 5. The treated water introduction line 8 and the drain line 10 are joined to one line and then connected to the lower chamber 5 of the filtration tower 2. The upper chamber 4 includes a treated water discharge line 12 having a treated water outlet valve 11, a backwash water introduction line 14 having a backwash water introduction valve 13, and a backwash having a backwash air inlet valve 15. A working air introduction line 16 is connected. A backwash water tank 17 for storing backwash water is connected to the backwash water introduction line 14, and the backwash water tank 17 includes a backwash water supply line 18 b including a backwash water supply valve 18 a and A pressurized air feed line 19b provided with a pressurized air feed valve 19a is connected. Further, a backwash air vent line 20 b provided with a backwash air vent valve 20 a is connected to a position corresponding to the upper portion of the lower chamber 5 on the side surface of the filtration tower 2.
[0019]
The backwashing method according to the present invention is performed as shown in FIG. 2, for example, using the filtration device 1 configured as described above.
In the example shown in FIG. 2, the operation is performed in the following order.
(1) Stop filtration operation: The treated water inlet valve 7 and the treated water outlet valve 11 are closed (step (1)). At this time, the inside of the filtration tower 2 is full.
[0020]
(2) Backwash I: The drain valve 9 and the backwash air inlet valve 15 are opened, backwash air is introduced, and the treated water accumulated in the upper chamber 4 of the filtration tower 2 is introduced from the inside of the filter element 6. Blow out rapidly to the outside for cleaning (step (2)). At this time, the entire amount of water in the filtration tower 2 is discharged (blowed) in this example. When the filter element 6 is a precoat type, this rapid and backwashing by discharging the entire amount is effective. In this backwashing, particularly, the vicinity of the lower end of the filter element 6 is washed well.
[0021]
(3) Preparation for backwashing I: Thereafter, the drain valve 9 and the backwashing air inlet valve 15 are closed, the backwashing water supply valve 18a is opened to replenish backwashing water into the backwashing water tank 17 and pressurize. The air supply valve 19a is opened, and pressurized air used in the next backwash water tank 17 is sealed in the backwash water tank 17 (step (3)).
[0022]
(4) Backwash II: The backwash water supply valve 18a and the pressurized air supply valve 19a are closed, the backwash water introduction valve 13 and the backwash air vent valve 20a are opened, and the water is stored in the backwash water tank 17. The backwash water which has been sent is sent to the filter element 6 by the pressurized air sealed in the tank 17 and is quickly blown out from the inside of the filter element 6 for cleaning (step (4)). At this time, since the drain valve 9 is closed, the backwash wastewater blown out from the inside of the filter element 6 is stored in the lower chamber 5 and the inside of the lower chamber 5 is filled with water. As shown in the drawing, the water level of the water filling is set to a level slightly higher than the lower end of the filter element 6, and the filter element portion on the lower side is kept immersed in the water stored in the lower chamber 5. . Further, due to water filling, the air in the lower chamber 5 is discharged to the outside through the backwash air vent valve 20a (side vent). At the time of this backwashing, since the part near the lower end of the filter element 6 is soaked in water from the middle, the resistance in the soaked part is increased and the part higher than the water-filled water level. Will be backwashed more effectively.
[0023]
(5) Backwash preparation II: When backwashing is repeated, the backwash water introduction valve 13 and the backwash air vent valve 20a are closed, and the backwash water supply valve 18a is opened again to back into the backwash water tank 17. The washing water is replenished, and the pressurized air feed valve 19a is opened to fill the backwashing water tank 17 with pressurized air used for the next backwashing (step (5)).
[0024]
(6) Backwash III: Similar to backwash II, backwash water replenishment valve 18a and pressurized air supply valve 19a are closed, backwash water introduction valve 13 and backwash air vent valve 20a are opened, and backwash is performed. The backwash water stored in the water tank 17 is sent to the filter element 6 by the pressurized air sealed in the tank 17 and rapidly blown out from the inside of the filter element 6 to be washed (step ▲ 6 ▼). The backwash waste water blown out from the inside of the filter element 6 is stored in the lower chamber 5, the interior of the lower chamber 5 is filled with water, and the water level of the water filling is further raised as shown in the figure. In this backwashing, the water-immersed portion of the filter element 6 is further increased as compared with the backwashing II, so that the upper filter element portion is more effectively backwashed than the backwashing II.
[0025]
(7) Backwash preparation III: When backwashing is repeated, the backwash water introduction valve 13 and the backwash air vent valve 20a are closed and the backwash water supply valve 18a is opened again in the same manner as the backwash preparation II. The backwash water tank 17 is replenished with backwash water, and the pressurized air feed valve 19a is opened to fill the backwash water tank 17 with pressurized air for use in the next backwash (step 7). ▼).
[0026]
(8) Backwash IV: As with backwash III, backwash water replenishment valve 18a and pressurized air supply valve 19a are closed, backwash water introduction valve 13 and backwash air vent valve 20a are opened, and backwash is performed. The backwash water stored in the water tank 17 is sent to the filter element 6 by the pressurized air sealed in the tank 17 and rapidly blown out from the inside of the filter element 6 to be washed (step ▲ 8 ▼). The backwash waste water blown out from the inside of the filter element 6 is stored in the lower chamber 5, the interior of the lower chamber 5 is filled with water, and the water level of the water filling is further raised as shown in the figure. In this backwashing, the water-immersed portion of the filter element 6 is further increased as compared with the backwashing III, so that the upper filter element portion is more effectively backwashed than the backwashing III.
[0027]
Thus, the predetermined number of backwash preparations and backwashes are repeated, and when the predetermined number of backwashes are completed, all the backwash drainage in the filtration tower 2 is drained, and then the inside of the filtration tower 2 is filled with water. Wait until the filtration operation.
[0028]
In the backwashing method of the filtration device 1 as described above, the backwashing is carried out in a state where water is filled in the lower chamber 5 and an air layer is formed above the water level during the backwashing process. The amount of permeation of backwashing water and air in the filter element portion below the water level is reduced, and the amount of backwashing water and air permeation in the filter element portion located at the position corresponding to the air layer is increased, The detergency at the site is improved. By increasing the water filling level at each backwash step, the tendency that the lower side is easier to wash and the upper side is less likely to be washed is corrected, and the suspended filter element 6 is washed uniformly over the entire length. This makes it possible to improve the cleaning performance of the filter element 6 as a whole.
[0029]
Further, in the backwashing method according to the present invention as described above, the whole or part of the water used for backwashing the filter element 6 is contained in the lower chamber 5 as water filling water into the lower chamber for backwashing. When all the water used for backwashing is drained out of the system from the lower chamber 5 and backwashing is performed by newly introducing a predetermined amount of water filling water into the lower chamber 5 at the next backwashing. In comparison with the above, the amount of backwash drainage discharged out of the system as a whole backwash process in which backwash is repeatedly performed is greatly reduced.
[0030]
In order to confirm the detergency of the filter element by the backwashing method according to the present invention, the following water flow test was performed.
〔Test method〕
Using a filter element water flow test apparatus in which two columns (column A and column B) were installed, each column was filled with a pleated filter element in a “hanging type” and adjusted to an iron clad concentration of 100 μg / L. Test water was passed. In this water flow test, when 10 g of iron clad per 1 m 2 of filter element membrane area was captured, water flow was stopped and backwashing was performed. Thereafter, water flow and backwashing were performed under the same conditions. And backwashing as one cycle, a total of 10 cycles were repeated. In addition, 5 backwashes were performed during one water flow stop period.
[0031]
The backwashing method uses a method in which pure water is filled in a backwashing water tank connected to the column upper chamber, and the backwashing water is caused to flow back to the filter element by introducing high-pressure air. In the A column, the back drain operation is performed without storing the water for backwashing in the lower column of the column, with the lower drain valve kept open for all 5 times. On the other hand, in the B column, the lower drain valve is opened in the first backwash and the entire backwash water is discharged, but the side vent valve (the above-mentioned backwash air vent valve) is opened and the backwash water is used in the second and subsequent times. The total amount or a part of was stored in the column lower chamber, and the backwashing was performed after adjusting the amount of water filling in the column lower chamber (adjusted so that the water level of the stored water gradually increased).
[0032]
Further, after the end of 10 cycles, the filter membranes of column A and column B were sampled from the upper part, middle part and lower part, respectively, and the amount of attached iron was measured. The transition of the initial differential pressure of water flow in columns A and B in each cycle is shown in FIG. Moreover, about the filter element of column A and column B, the filtration membrane adhesion iron amount measurement result of each site | part is shown in Table 1. In Table 1, the amount of filtration membrane adhering at each part is shown as a ratio when the amount of iron adhering to the upper portion of the filtration membrane of the A column is 1.0.
[0033]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004042967
[0034]
From FIG. 3, the initial differential pressure of water flow in column A showed an increasing tendency with each cycle, but the initial differential pressure of water flow in column B remained stable with a low value. Also, from Table 1, in column A, the amount of adhering iron (remaining amount after backwashing of adhering iron) was higher on the upper side of the filter element, but in column B, the amount of adhering iron in the filter element length direction (vertical direction) It became uniform and the total amount of iron adhered was less than that of column A. From these facts, it was confirmed that the washability of the filter element was greatly improved by filling the column lower chamber with water during backwashing and adjusting the amount of water filling.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the backwashing method of the filtration device according to the present invention, the backwashing is performed in a state where water is stretched up to a predetermined water level in the filtration tower, so that the filter element is uniform in the length direction. In addition, it is possible to improve the cleaning performance as a whole.
[0036]
In particular, when backwashing is repeated, the amount of backwashing wastewater used for backwashing can be significantly reduced by leaving all or part of the backwashing wastewater in the lower chamber as water filling water. It becomes possible. Therefore, it is possible to significantly reduce the backwash wastewater treatment load, particularly for backwashing of the filtration device in a nuclear power plant.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a piping system diagram of a filtration device used for carrying out a method according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a process flow chart showing an example of the operation order of the backwashing method for the filtration device according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a differential pressure recovery characteristic diagram of a test conducted to confirm the effect of the backwashing method of the filtration device according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of a filter element hanging type filtration apparatus to which the method of the present invention is applied.
FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of a filter element lower fixed filter device that is not applied to the present invention and is shown for comparison.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Filtration apparatus 2 Filtration tower 3 Partition plate 4 Upper chamber 5 Lower chamber 6 Filter element 7 To-be-treated water inlet valve 8 To-be-treated water introduction line 9 Drain valve 10 Drain line 11 Treated water outlet valve 12 Treated water discharge line 13 Backwash water Introduction valve 14 Backwash water introduction line 15 Backwash air inlet valve 16 Backwash air introduction line 17 Backwash water tank 18a Backwash water supply valve 18b Backwash water supply line 19a Pressurized air supply valve 19b Pressurized air Supply line 20a Backwash air vent valve 20b Backwash air vent line

Claims (4)

濾過塔内部を上室と下室とに仕切る仕切板に、前記下室内に収容されたフィルタエレメントを吊下し、前記下室内に導入された被処理水をフィルタエレメントで濾過した後前記上室を通して排出する濾過装置における逆洗方法であって、前記下室内におけるフィルタエレメントの最下部よりも上位まで水を張った状態で、前記上室から前記フィルタエレメントを通して前記下室内へ逆洗用水を送る逆洗を実施し、かつ、前記逆洗時用の下室内への水張りの水位を逆洗ごとに変化させることを特徴とする、濾過装置の逆洗方法。A filter element housed in the lower chamber is suspended on a partition plate that divides the inside of the filtration tower into an upper chamber and a lower chamber, and water to be treated introduced into the lower chamber is filtered by the filter element, and then the upper chamber A backwashing method in a filtration device that discharges through the water, and backwashing water is sent from the upper chamber to the lower chamber through the filter element in a state where water is stretched up to a position higher than the lowermost portion of the filter element in the lower chamber. A backwashing method for a filtration device, characterized in that backwashing is performed and the water level in the lower chamber for backwashing is changed for each backwashing. 前記濾過塔の側面で、前記下室の上部に対応する位置に、逆洗用空気抜き弁を備えた開閉可能な逆洗用空気抜きラインを接続し、逆洗時に該ラインを開とし、濾過塔下部に接続されたドレンラインを原則的に閉として、逆洗に使用された逆洗排水の全量または一部を前記逆洗時用の下室内への水張り用水とする、請求項１の濾過装置の逆洗方法。 An openable backwash air vent line equipped with a backwash air vent valve is connected to a position corresponding to the upper part of the lower chamber on the side of the filter tower, and the line is opened at the time of backwash. to the connected drain line as principle closed, all or a portion of the backwash waste water used for backwashing the water filling water into the lower chamber for the time the backwash of the filtering apparatus of claim 1 Backwash method. 前記フィルタエレメントとして、プリーツ型またはプリコート型または中空糸膜型フィルタエレメントを用いる、請求項１または２の濾過装置の逆洗方法。The method for backwashing a filtration device according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein a pleat type, precoat type, or hollow fiber membrane type filter element is used as the filter element. 発電所に設けられている濾過装置を逆洗する、請求項１〜３のいずれかに記載の濾過装置の逆洗方法。The backwashing method of the filtration apparatus in any one of Claims 1-3 which backwash the filtration apparatus provided in the power station.
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