JP3974615B2 - Transceiver for electric field communication - Google Patents

Transceiver for electric field communication Download PDF

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JP3974615B2
JP3974615B2 JP2004381777A JP2004381777A JP3974615B2 JP 3974615 B2 JP3974615 B2 JP 3974615B2 JP 2004381777 A JP2004381777 A JP 2004381777A JP 2004381777 A JP2004381777 A JP 2004381777A JP 3974615 B2 JP3974615 B2 JP 3974615B2
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electric field
transmission
signal
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transceiver
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JP2006191183A (en
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満 品川
克幸 落合
直志 美濃谷
愛一郎 佐々木
信太郎 柴田
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Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp
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Description

本発明は、電界伝達媒体を介して電界により情報の送受信を行う電界通信用トランシーバに関する。   The present invention relates to a transceiver for electric field communication that transmits and receives information by an electric field through an electric field transmission medium.

携帯端末の小型化および高性能化により身体に装着可能なサイズにしたコンピュータ（ウェアラブルコンピュータ）が注目されている。そして、ウェアラブルコンピュータを適用した携帯端末を電界通信用のトランシーバに接続し、携帯端末間の通信を電界で行うようにした技術の開発が進められている（例えば特許文献１参照）。   Computers (wearable computers) that are sized to be worn on the body due to miniaturization and high performance of portable terminals have been attracting attention. And development of the technique which connects the portable terminal to which the wearable computer is applied to the transceiver for electric field communication, and performs communication between portable terminals by an electric field is progressing (for example, refer patent document 1).

電界通信用のトランシーバは、その基本的な機能として、信号送信時には送信すべき情報に基づいて電界伝達媒体である人体に電界を誘起させ、信号受信時には受信した電界に基づいてレーザ光と電気光学素子を用いた電気光学的手法により信号を検出する。   The basic function of an electric field communication transceiver is to induce an electric field in the human body, which is an electric field transmission medium, based on information to be transmitted at the time of signal transmission, and laser light and electro-optics based on the received electric field at the time of signal reception. A signal is detected by an electro-optical method using the element.

図２は、このような人体を介して複数の携帯端末間で電界通信を行う場合のイメージ図を示している。同図に示すように、複数の携帯端末１が、それぞれトランシーバ３に接続され、各トランシーバ３は、電界通信用の送受信電極を介して人体に接触している。各携帯端末１は、これに接続されたトランシーバ３により人体に電界を誘起することで、他のトランシーバに接続された携帯端末に対してデータ通信を行うことが可能である。   FIG. 2 shows an image diagram when electric field communication is performed between a plurality of portable terminals via such a human body. As shown in the figure, a plurality of portable terminals 1 are connected to transceivers 3, respectively, and each transceiver 3 is in contact with a human body via transmission / reception electrodes for electric field communication. Each portable terminal 1 can perform data communication with a portable terminal connected to another transceiver by inducing an electric field in the human body by the transceiver 3 connected thereto.

また、各携帯端末１は、人体が壁等に設置されているトランシーバ３’ａの送受信電極に接触したときに、このトランシーバ３’ａに通信回線を通じて接続されているパーソナルコンピュータ５とデータ通信することが可能である。さらには、人体が床等に設置されているトランシーバ３’ｂの送受信電極に接触したときに、このトランシーバ３’ｂに通信回線を通じて接続されているパーソナルコンピュータ５とデータ通信することも可能である。   Each portable terminal 1 performs data communication with a personal computer 5 connected to the transceiver 3'a through a communication line when a human body contacts a transmission / reception electrode of the transceiver 3'a installed on a wall or the like. It is possible. Furthermore, when a human body contacts the transmission / reception electrode of the transceiver 3'b installed on the floor or the like, it is possible to perform data communication with the personal computer 5 connected to the transceiver 3'b through a communication line. .

図３に示すように、従来のトランシーバ３は、入出力（Ｉ／Ｏ）回路１０１を介してウェアラブルコンピュータ等の携帯端末１に接続される。信号送信時には、この入出力回路１０１を介して携帯端末１から伝送されてきた信号を、送信回路１０３により電界送信用の信号にし、スイッチ１０４を介して送受信電極１０５に供給し、送受信電極１０５により絶縁体１０６を介して生体１００に電界を誘起させる。一方、信号受信時には、生体１００の他の部位で誘起され伝達されてきた電界を絶縁体１０６を介して送受信電極１０５により受信し、この受信電界を電気光学素子１１０の一端部に第二電極１１２を介して供給する。電気光学素子１１０の他端部は第一電極１１１を介してグランド電極１１３に接地される。この電気光学素子１１０にはレーザダイオード１１５からレーザ光が照射され、これに受信電界が結合することで、レーザ光の偏光状態が変化する。このように偏光状態が変化したレーザ光は、偏光検出光学系１１６で検出されて電気信号に変換され、信号処理回路１１７により雑音除去、波形整形などの処理が施され、入出力回路１０１により携帯端末１に伝送される。   As shown in FIG. 3, the conventional transceiver 3 is connected to a portable terminal 1 such as a wearable computer via an input / output (I / O) circuit 101. At the time of signal transmission, the signal transmitted from the portable terminal 1 via the input / output circuit 101 is converted into a signal for electric field transmission by the transmission circuit 103 and supplied to the transmission / reception electrode 105 via the switch 104. An electric field is induced in the living body 100 through the insulator 106. On the other hand, at the time of signal reception, the electric field induced and transmitted in other parts of the living body 100 is received by the transmission / reception electrode 105 through the insulator 106, and this reception electric field is received at one end of the electro-optic element 110 by the second electrode 112. Supply through. The other end of the electro-optic element 110 is grounded to the ground electrode 113 via the first electrode 111. The electro-optical element 110 is irradiated with laser light from a laser diode 115, and a received electric field is coupled thereto, whereby the polarization state of the laser light changes. The laser light whose polarization state has been changed is detected by the polarization detection optical system 116 and converted into an electrical signal, subjected to processing such as noise removal and waveform shaping by the signal processing circuit 117, and carried by the input / output circuit 101. It is transmitted to the terminal 1.

送受信判定部１１９は、スイッチ１０４に制御信号を送るためのものであり、Ｉ／Ｏ回路１０１から信号が出力されているときには送信時と判定してスイッチ１０４をオンさせ、信号処理回路１１７から信号が出力されているときには受信時と判定してスイッチ１０４をオフさせる。
特開２００３−９８２０５号公報 The transmission / reception determination unit 119 is for transmitting a control signal to the switch 104. When a signal is output from the I / O circuit 101, the transmission / reception determination unit 119 determines that the transmission is in progress, turns on the switch 104, and receives a signal from the signal processing circuit 117. Is output, the switch 104 is turned off.
JP 2003-98205 A

このような構成のトランシーバ３は、送受信電極１０５に対して、電気光学素子１１０が第二電極１１２を介して接続されるとともに、送信回路１０３の出力がスイッチ１０４を介して接続されているため、電界受信時には送受信電極１０５で受信した電界信号が電気光学素子１１０とスイッチ１０４とに分配されてしまう。電界受信時にはスイッチ１０４はオフしてはいるが、半導体スイッチの場合には若干の信号が送信回路１０３の方へ漏洩するため、電気光学素子１１０に十分な電界信号が伝わらなくなり、電気光学素子１１０に入力される電界信号のレベルが低下し、通信不能になることがあった。   In the transceiver 3 having such a configuration, the electro-optic element 110 is connected to the transmission / reception electrode 105 via the second electrode 112, and the output of the transmission circuit 103 is connected via the switch 104. When receiving the electric field, the electric field signal received by the transmission / reception electrode 105 is distributed to the electro-optical element 110 and the switch 104. Although the switch 104 is turned off at the time of electric field reception, in the case of a semiconductor switch, a small amount of signal leaks toward the transmission circuit 103, so that a sufficient electric field signal is not transmitted to the electro-optic element 110, and the electro-optic element 110. In some cases, the level of the electric field signal input to the terminal decreases and communication becomes impossible.

本発明は、上記に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的とするところは、送受信電極により受信した電界信号をそのレベルを低下させることなく、電気光学素子に入力させ得る電界通信用トランシーバを提供することにある。   The present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object thereof is to provide an electric field communication transceiver that can input an electric field signal received by a transmission / reception electrode to an electro-optic element without lowering the level thereof. There is to do.

第１の本発明に係る電界通信用トランシーバは、電気光学素子と、電気信号を電界送信用の信号にして出力する送信回路と、電界通信用の送受信電極とを備え、前記送信回路の出力を前記電気光学素子の一端部に接続し、前記電気光学素子の他端部を前記送受信電極に接続したことを特徴とする。   A transceiver for electric field communication according to a first aspect of the present invention includes an electro-optic element, a transmission circuit that outputs an electric signal as a signal for electric field transmission, and a transmission / reception electrode for electric field communication, and outputs the transmission circuit. The electro-optical element is connected to one end, and the other end of the electro-optical element is connected to the transmission / reception electrode.

本発明にあっては、送信回路の出力を電気光学素子の一端部に接続し、電気光学素子の他端部を送受信電極に接続したことで、送信回路を送受信電極に接続しないようにして、送受信電極により受信した電界信号が送信回路へ漏洩することなく電気光学素子に入力されるようにする。   In the present invention, the output of the transmission circuit is connected to one end of the electro-optic element, and the other end of the electro-optic element is connected to the transmission / reception electrode, so that the transmission circuit is not connected to the transmission / reception electrode, The electric field signal received by the transmission / reception electrode is input to the electro-optic element without leaking to the transmission circuit.

第２の本発明に係る電界通信用トランシーバは、電界信号の受信時に、前記送信回路の出力を一定レベルの電圧にすることを特徴とする。   The transceiver for electric field communication according to the second aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, when receiving an electric field signal, the output of the transmission circuit is set to a constant level voltage.

本発明にあっては、電界信号の受信時に、送信回路で出力する信号のレベルを一定にすることで、電気光学素子に入力された電界が外部へ逃げやすくなり、電気光学素子の両端部間の電界を強くでき、結果的に受信感度を向上させることができる。   In the present invention, when the electric field signal is received, the level of the signal output from the transmission circuit is made constant so that the electric field input to the electro-optical element can easily escape to the outside, and between the both ends of the electro-optical element. Thus, the reception sensitivity can be improved.

本発明の電界通信用トランシーバによれば、送受信電極により受信した電界信号のレベルを低下させることなく、電気光学素子に入力させることができる。これにより、電気光学素子に入力される電界信号の信号雑音比（Ｓ／Ｎ）が改善され、良好な通信が可能となる。   According to the transceiver for electric field communication of the present invention, the electric field signal received by the transmission / reception electrode can be input to the electro-optic element without lowering the level. As a result, the signal-to-noise ratio (S / N) of the electric field signal input to the electro-optic element is improved, and good communication is possible.

以下、一実施の形態における電界通信用トランシーバについて説明する。   Hereinafter, a transceiver for electric field communication according to an embodiment will be described.

図１の回路ブロック図に示すように、本実施形態の電界通信用トランシーバ１０は、ウェアラブルコンピュータ等の携帯端末１に接続される入出力（Ｉ／Ｏ）回路１０１と、この入出力回路１０１を介して携帯端末１から伝送されてきた電気信号を電界送信用の信号にして出力する送信回路１０３と、電界通信用の送受信電極１０５と、送信回路１０３の出力が第一電極１１１を介して一端部に接続され、送受信電極１０５が第二電極１１２を介して他端部に接続された電気光学素子１１０を備える。電気光学素子１１０には、例えば電気光学結晶を用いる。   As shown in the circuit block diagram of FIG. 1, an electric field communication transceiver 10 of this embodiment includes an input / output (I / O) circuit 101 connected to a portable terminal 1 such as a wearable computer, and an input / output circuit 101. A transmission circuit 103 that outputs an electric signal transmitted from the portable terminal 1 as a signal for electric field transmission, a transmission / reception electrode 105 for electric field communication, and an output of the transmission circuit 103 via the first electrode 111. The electro-optic element 110 is connected to the other end of the transmitting / receiving electrode 105 via the second electrode 112. For the electro-optic element 110, for example, an electro-optic crystal is used.

信号送信時には、送信回路１０３から出力された交流の送信信号が電気光学素子１１０を介して送受信電極１０５に入力され、送受信電極１０５は、絶縁体１０６を介して生体１００に送信信号に基づく電界を誘起させる。また、信号受信時には、別のトランシーバにより生体１００に誘起され伝達されてきた電界を絶縁体１０６を介して送受信電極１０５により受信し、この受信電界を電気光学素子１１０に第二電極１１２を介して供給する。   At the time of signal transmission, an AC transmission signal output from the transmission circuit 103 is input to the transmission / reception electrode 105 via the electro-optic element 110, and the transmission / reception electrode 105 applies an electric field based on the transmission signal to the living body 100 via the insulator 106. Induce. At the time of signal reception, the electric field induced and transmitted to the living body 100 by another transceiver is received by the transmission / reception electrode 105 via the insulator 106, and this reception electric field is transmitted to the electro-optic element 110 via the second electrode 112. Supply.

電気光学素子１１０には、電流源１１４に接続されたレーザダイオード１１５からレーザ光が照射され、これに受信電界が結合することで、受信電界のレベルに応じてレーザ光の偏光状態が変化する。このように偏光状態が変化したレーザ光は、偏光検出光学系１１６で検出されて電気信号に変換され、信号処理回路１１７により雑音除去、波形整形などの処理が施され、入出力回路１０１を介して携帯端末１に伝送される。また、信号受信時には、送信回路１０３では、出力する信号のレベルを一定値に固定することで、電気光学素子１１０に入力された電界が外部へ逃げ易くしておく。   The electro-optic element 110 is irradiated with laser light from a laser diode 115 connected to the current source 114, and a reception electric field is coupled thereto, whereby the polarization state of the laser light changes according to the level of the reception electric field. The laser beam whose polarization state has changed in this manner is detected by the polarization detection optical system 116 and converted into an electrical signal, and processing such as noise removal and waveform shaping is performed by the signal processing circuit 117, and the signal is input via the input / output circuit 101. And transmitted to the portable terminal 1. Further, at the time of signal reception, the transmission circuit 103 fixes the level of the signal to be output to a constant value so that the electric field input to the electro-optical element 110 can easily escape to the outside.

このように、本実施の形態では、送信回路１０３の出力が、送受信電極１０５ではなく、電気光学素子１１０に接続されている。従来、電気光学素子１１０は、受信した電界信号を電気信号に変換するだけのためのものであったので、信号送信時に信号の伝達に電気光学素子１１０を利用しようという技術的な発想は全くなかった。しかし、電気光学素子１１０が、第一電極１１１と第二電極１１２とにより挟まれたコンデンサであると考えると、送信回路１０３から出力された送信信号の交流成分は、そのまま電気光学素子１１０を通過することになり、送信信号が送受信電極１０５に伝わることになる。本電界通信用トランシーバは、この点に着目し、電気光学素子１１０を受信時だけではなく、送信時にも利用することとし、送信回路１０３と送受信電極１０５との接続配線の変更を可能としたものである。   Thus, in this embodiment, the output of the transmission circuit 103 is connected to the electro-optical element 110 instead of the transmission / reception electrode 105. Conventionally, since the electro-optical element 110 is only for converting a received electric field signal into an electric signal, there is no technical idea to use the electro-optical element 110 for signal transmission at the time of signal transmission. It was. However, assuming that the electro-optical element 110 is a capacitor sandwiched between the first electrode 111 and the second electrode 112, the AC component of the transmission signal output from the transmission circuit 103 passes through the electro-optical element 110 as it is. As a result, the transmission signal is transmitted to the transmission / reception electrode 105. In this electric field communication transceiver, paying attention to this point, the electro-optical element 110 is used not only at the time of reception but also at the time of transmission, and the connection wiring between the transmission circuit 103 and the transmission / reception electrode 105 can be changed. It is.

したがって、本実施の形態によれば、送信回路１０３の出力を電気光学素子１１０の一端部に第一電極１１１を介して接続し、電気光学素子１１０の他端部を第二電極１１２を介して送受信電極１０５に接続することにより、送信回路１０３を送受信電極１０５に接続しないようにしたことで、送受信電極１０５により受信した電界信号が送信回路１０３へ漏洩することなく電気光学素子１１０に入力されるので、電気光学素子１１０に入力される電界信号の信号雑音比（Ｓ／Ｎ）が改善され、良好な通信を実現することができる。   Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the output of the transmission circuit 103 is connected to one end of the electro-optical element 110 via the first electrode 111, and the other end of the electro-optical element 110 is connected via the second electrode 112. By connecting to the transmission / reception electrode 105, the transmission circuit 103 is not connected to the transmission / reception electrode 105, so that the electric field signal received by the transmission / reception electrode 105 is input to the electro-optical element 110 without leaking to the transmission circuit 103. Therefore, the signal-to-noise ratio (S / N) of the electric field signal input to the electro-optical element 110 is improved, and good communication can be realized.

また、本実施の形態によれば、図３に示したスイッチ１０４およびスイッチ１０４をオンオフさせるための送受信判定部１１９が不要となるので、その分だけ回路規模を縮小できるとともに、送受信電極１０５により受信した信号がスイッチ１０４を介して漏洩することを確実に防止することができる。   Further, according to the present embodiment, the switch 104 and the transmission / reception determination unit 119 for turning on / off the switch 104 shown in FIG. It is possible to reliably prevent the leaked signal from leaking through the switch 104.

また、本実施の形態によれば、電界受信時に、送信回路１０３で出力する信号のレベルを一定にすることで、電気光学素子１１０に入力された電界が外部へ逃げ易くなり、電気光学素子１１０の両電極１１１，１１２間の電界を強くでき、結果的に受信感度を向上させることができる。   In addition, according to the present embodiment, when the electric field is received, the level of the signal output from the transmission circuit 103 is made constant so that the electric field input to the electro-optical element 110 can easily escape to the outside. The electric field between the two electrodes 111 and 112 can be increased, and as a result, the receiving sensitivity can be improved.

なお、信号送信時に送信信号が電気光学素子１１０を通過する際に、送信信号のレベルが低下することは考えられる。この場合には、例えば送信回路１０３の出力信号のレベルを増幅器等で増幅することで、レベル低下を防止することができる。   It is conceivable that the level of the transmission signal decreases when the transmission signal passes through the electro-optical element 110 during signal transmission. In this case, for example, the level reduction can be prevented by amplifying the level of the output signal of the transmission circuit 103 with an amplifier or the like.

一実施の形態における電界通信用トランシーバの構成を示す回路ブロック図である。It is a circuit block diagram which shows the structure of the transceiver for electric field communications in one embodiment. 複数の携帯端末間でデータ通信を行う際に、人体を電界伝達媒体として電界通信用トランシーバを使用する場合の電界通信の様子を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the mode of the electric field communication in the case of using the transceiver for electric field communication by making a human body into an electric field transmission medium when performing data communication between several portable terminals. 従来の電界通信用トランシーバの構成を示す回路ブロック図である。It is a circuit block diagram which shows the structure of the conventional transceiver for electric field communication.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１…携帯端末，３…トランシーバ
５…パーソナルコンピュータ
１０…電界通信用トランシーバ
１００…生体，１０１…入出力回路
１０３…送信回路，１０４…スイッチ
１０５…送受信電極，１０６…絶縁体
１１０…電気光学素子
１１１…第一電極，１１２…第二電極
１１３…グランド電極，１１４…電流源
１１５…レーザダイオード
１１６…偏光検出光学系
１１７…信号処理回路，１１９…送受信判定部 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Portable terminal, 3 ... Transceiver 5 ... Personal computer 10 ... Electric field communication transceiver 100 ... Living body, 101 ... Input / output circuit 103 ... Transmission circuit, 104 ... Switch 105 ... Transmission / reception electrode, 106 ... Insulator 110 ... Electro-optical element 111 ... 1st electrode, 112 ... 2nd electrode 113 ... Ground electrode, 114 ... Current source 115 ... Laser diode 116 ... Polarization detection optical system 117 ... Signal processing circuit, 119 ... Transmission / reception judgment part

Claims (2)

電気光学素子と、
電気信号を電界送信用の信号にして出力する送信回路と、
電界通信用の送受信電極とを備え、
前記送信回路の出力を前記電気光学素子の一端部に接続し、前記電気光学素子の他端部を前記送受信電極に接続したことを特徴とする電界通信用トランシーバ。 An electro-optic element;
A transmission circuit that outputs an electric signal as a signal for electric field transmission; and
A transmission / reception electrode for electric field communication,
An electric field communication transceiver, wherein an output of the transmission circuit is connected to one end of the electro-optic element, and the other end of the electro-optic element is connected to the transmission / reception electrode. 電界信号の受信時に、前記送信回路の出力を一定レベルの電圧にすることを特徴とする請求項１記載の電界通信用トランシーバ。
2. The transceiver for electric field communication according to claim 1, wherein, when receiving an electric field signal, the output of the transmission circuit is set to a constant level voltage.
JP2004381777A 2004-12-28 2004-12-28 Transceiver for electric field communication Expired - Fee Related JP3974615B2 (en)

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