JP3829216B2 - Intaglio line drawing body - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention converts extremely fine analog line drawing images produced by hand-drawing or engraving into two-dimensional electronic data, generates data for NC machine tools through image processing such as contour tracking and shrinkage processing, metal, plastic, etc. The present invention relates to a method for engraving a highly accurate intaglio line-formed body on the order of several tens of microns on a base material.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as a method of forming extremely fine intaglio lines on the order of several tens of microns on a substrate such as metal or plastic, a person with special skills can use a special engraving knife on the substrate. There are methods such as direct engraving by hand-carving, and methods of forming a fine groove by applying a resist to the surface of the base material and scratching it directly with a needle-like material to expose the surface of the base material and performing an etching process. . In addition, with optical processing, the image drawn by enlarging with a pen is optically reduced, filmed, and the film is exposed on a substrate coated with a resist, developed, A method for forming a fine groove by etching is known.
[0003]
However, since the direct hand-carving method is a special skill that requires very skill, it is difficult for anyone to easily perform it. In addition, once completed intaglio image lines cannot be scaled, it is basically impossible to cut and extract lines, so it is difficult to divert a single sculpture to various actual products. is there. In addition, because of the engraving work by humans, there is a restriction on the material of the base material that is the object to be engraved.
[0004]
Further, although the method using the etching process can form a concave groove relatively easily, it requires the determination and maintenance of etching conditions, and the width of the groove is unnecessarily widened by a phenomenon called a side edge. In addition, there are also disadvantages such as requiring a wastewater treatment facility.
[0005]
Furthermore, even if any of the above methods is used, it is difficult to directly set all the line depths of the line drawing pattern formed on the base material with numerical values, and a desired depth cannot be obtained with certainty. In addition, since it is a manual construction method, it is not suitable for a computer-based design plate making system in recent years, and productivity is low.
[0006]
Further, as a method of engraving with a machine tool or a similar modeling machine, JP-A-1-274948 (character engraving method and engraving apparatus and character data creating apparatus) and JP-A-2-48149 (engraving method) The technology disclosed in) is mainly for engraving characters, figures and symbols on seals, nameplates, nameplates, stones, etc., and is intended for shapes with relatively large lines and large depths. . In addition, since both technologies use rotating cutters, the contours of the engraved lines will have a wave-like shape even when the rotation speed of the cutter is increased and the engraving speed is reduced. Therefore, it is impossible to form a line drawing image for intaglio printing having an extremely fine and smooth outline shape on the order of several tens of microns. Moreover, it takes a lot of labor to input all the characters in each typeface such as fonts and cursives using a coordinate input machine such as a mouse. Similarly, when a line drawing image such as a fine print consisting of hundreds of lines is given as a requested manuscript, it takes a lot of work to input coordinates each time. Not practical.
[0007]
In order to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, the present applicant previously disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-58282 the Z coordinate value of a two-dimensional line drawing pattern drawn in a computer on the same plane. A method of converting from the pixel value of the bitmap image represented by the upper and lower shades is proposed. Since this method is not a method using a rotary cutter as compared with the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1-274948, it is possible to engrave a high-quality image line having a smooth outline. However, the pixel value of the bitmap image represented by the grayscale image for determining the depth of the image line, the conversion formula for calculating the Z value of the engraving data from the pixel value, and the image line obtained after engraving It is difficult for the line creator to grasp the correlation between the width and the width in the design process. Therefore, when engraving intaglio lines on valuables printed matter with extremely high designability and design accuracy, the prediction of the tone when the line width changes continuously, the degree of overlap of the lines, and each image Since it is difficult to predict the positional relationship such as how the lines are connected, it may be impossible to obtain completely unmatched gradation and texture as intended by the creator of the drawing. In addition, for those who have been using a special sculpture sword for many tens of microns, the indirect interface between the CRT display and the mouse has a poor design sense. In addition, there is a problem that it is necessary to separately prepare engraving data for “meat-stop” described later.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the present invention is directed to a contour drawing after a line drawing original image created on a base material by a special technician is accurately input using a high resolution scanner and converted into digital data. The image processing such as the above is used as vector-type contour data, the contour data is subjected to scaling and image line editing processing to be the final line image image, and the line image image is subjected to contraction processing to obtain a cutter. Generates a path (tool path), performs text processing to add a desired depth value and machine control code, creates engraving data for a 4-axis controlled NC machine tool, and gives an accurate depth value and desired A high-quality intaglio image line having a cross-sectional shape and a flesh-stopping shape to be reproduced is faithfully reproduced with respect to the line image original image to realize engraving.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the present invention, after a line drawing pattern with a changed line width drawn on a base material such as paper is input using an image input device to form bitmap type digital data, the bitmap data is contoured. Creates a cutter path for NC machine tools by performing tracking processing as vector data line drawing data, and performing shrinkage processing at a specific distance interval in consideration of the depth value to be given to the line drawing data multiple times. Then, a desired depth value, normal direction information and machine control code are added to each of the manufactured cutter paths to prepare engraving data for a 4-axis control NC machine tool. It is a line drawing pattern forming body engraved on a base material such as the one having a changed line width.
[0010]
A line drawing pattern with a varying line width drawn on a substrate such as paper is input using an image input device to form bitmap digital data, and then the contour tracking process is performed on the bitmap data. A vector data type line drawing data is produced, and a cutter path for an NC machine tool is produced by performing a shrinking process at a specific distance interval in consideration of a depth value to be given to the line drawing data, and the production The desired depth value, normal direction information and machine control code are added to each cutter path, and engraving data for 4-axis NC machine tools is created. A method of engraving a line drawing pattern formed body having a changed line width.
[0011]
An intaglio image line engraved precisely on a base material such as metal or an intaglio free curve hand-drawn on a base material such as paper is input using an image input device, and bitmap type digital data and After that, a contour tracking process is performed on the bitmap data to obtain a vector data type line drawing data, and the line drawing data is subjected to a contraction process at a specific distance interval in consideration of a given depth value a plurality of times. With the above, a cutter path for an NC machine tool is manufactured, and a desired depth value, normal direction information, and a machine control code are added to each of the manufactured cutter paths for a 4-axis control NC machine tool. It is an intaglio line-formed body formed by engraving data and engraving on a base material such as metal based on the data.
[0012]
An intaglio image line engraved precisely on a base material such as metal or an intaglio free curve hand-drawn on a base material such as paper is input using an image input device, and bitmap type digital data and After that, a contour tracking process is performed on the bitmap data to obtain a vector data type line drawing data, and the line drawing data is subjected to a contraction process at a specific distance interval in consideration of a given depth value a plurality of times. With the above, a cutter path for an NC machine tool is manufactured, and a desired depth value, normal direction information, and a machine control code are added to each of the manufactured cutter paths for a 4-axis control NC machine tool. This is a method of creating engraving data and engraving an intaglio line-formed body on a base material such as metal based on the data.
[0013]
An intaglio image line engraved precisely on a base material such as metal or an intaglio free curve hand-drawn on a base material such as paper is input using an image input device, and bitmap type digital data and After that, a contour tracking process is performed on the bitmap data to obtain a vector data type line drawing data, and the line drawing data is subjected to a contraction process at a specific distance interval in consideration of a given depth value a plurality of times. By the above, a cutter path for an NC machine tool is manufactured, and for each of the manufactured cutter paths, a depth value, normal direction information and machine control for increasing in a differential manner as the contraction stage increases. Engraved data for NC machine tools with 4-axis control by adding a code. Based on the data, on the base material such as metal, the part with a wide line width has a large depth value and the part with a narrow line width Is sculpted with a small depth value Was a intaglio image lines forming bodies.
[0014]
An intaglio image line engraved precisely on a base material such as metal or an intaglio free curve hand-drawn on a base material such as paper is input using an image input device, and bitmap type digital data and After that, a contour tracking process is performed on the bitmap data to obtain a vector data type line drawing data, and the line drawing data is subjected to a contraction process at a specific distance interval in consideration of a given depth value a plurality of times. By the above, a cutter path for an NC machine tool is manufactured, and for each of the manufactured cutter paths, a depth value, normal direction information and machine control for increasing in a differential manner as the contraction stage increases. Engraved data for NC machine tools with 4-axis control by adding a code. Based on the data, on the base material such as metal, the part with a wide line width has a large depth value and the part with a narrow line width Is an intaglio with a small depth value A method of engraving the former.
[0015]
An intaglio image line engraved precisely on a base material such as metal or an intaglio free curve hand-drawn on a base material such as paper is input using an image input device, and bitmap type digital data and After that, a contour tracking process is performed on the bitmap data to obtain a vector data type line drawing data, and the line drawing data is subjected to a contraction process at a specific distance interval in consideration of a given depth value a plurality of times. For NC machine tools, and any depth value, normal direction information and machine control within a range where the overlap area of the machining allowance generated by each of the produced cutter paths is not lost Engraving data for a 4-axis controlled NC machine tool is created by adding the above code, and an intaglio line engraved with a metal stopper on the base material such as metal and having a different cross-sectional shape based on the data It is an adult.
[0016]
An intaglio image line engraved precisely on a base material such as metal or an intaglio free curve hand-drawn on a base material such as paper is input using an image input device, and bitmap type digital data and After that, a contour tracking process is performed on the bitmap data to obtain a vector data type line drawing data, and the line drawing data is subjected to a contraction process at a specific distance interval in consideration of a given depth value a plurality of times. For NC machine tools, and any depth value, normal direction information and machine control within a range where the overlap area of the machining allowance generated by each of the produced cutter paths is not lost Engraving data for NC machine tools with 4-axis control is created by adding the code and engraving intaglio line-formed bodies with cross-sections that have a meat stopper on a base material such as metal based on the data It is the law.
[0017]
A vector data type line drawing data is obtained by removing noise from the bitmap data as necessary, and a line drawing pattern forming body engraved by scaling or editing the line drawing data as necessary. is there.
[0018]
A method of engraving a line drawing pattern formed body by removing noise from the bitmap data as necessary to obtain vector data type line drawing data, and scaling or editing the line drawing data as necessary. It is.
[0019]
The bitmap data is subjected to noise removal as necessary to obtain vector data type line drawing data, and the line drawing data is engraved by scaling and editing as necessary. It is.
[0020]
The bitmap data is subjected to noise removal as necessary to obtain vector data type line drawing data, and the line drawing data is engraved by performing scaling and editing as necessary. Is the method.
[0021]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As an embodiment of the present invention, an intaglio plate surface engraved with a special engraving sword will be described as an original image. First, a two-dimensional image line information is extracted from an intaglio plate engraved with fine irregularities using a commercially available pressure-sensitive film to obtain a completely binarized film, which is used as a line drawing original. The image is input by a general-purpose high-resolution flatbed scanner, and noise is removed in units of pixels as necessary to obtain a monochrome binary bitmap image shown in FIG.
[0022]
Next, the outline of the bitmap image in FIG. 2 is traced, and the outline of the line drawing image is converted into outline data so that it can be handled by general line drawing editing software. Scaling or image line editing is performed as necessary, and finally the outline (V0) of the line image shown in FIG. 3 is obtained as vector data.
[0023]
Next, for the purpose of generating a cutter path, the line drawing image expressed by the outline (V0) of the line drawing image is subjected to contraction processing to generate (V1). Next, the contraction process is performed again on (V1) to generate (V2). In this procedure, until the cutter path that can be engraved without any excess or deficiency inside the outline of the line drawing image is generated, the contraction process is sequentially repeated to obtain the cutter paths (V1), (V2), and (V3) shown in FIG. .
[0024]
Next, in the vector type data (V1), (V2), (V3) described by the coordinate values of XY, a negative depth value corresponding to the image line start information, and a normal line as necessary Text processing to give machine control codes such as direction values and cutting start commands and cutting speed values for machine control, plus a positive depth value for machine control, as well as for machine control code Text processing for assigning machine control codes such as rapid traverse (idle feed) is made into NC machine tool data with 4-axis control.
[0025]
Based on the above machine tool data, using a 4-axis controlled NC machine tool, a high-quality intaglio image line with an accurate depth value and the desired cross-sectional shape and flesh shape of the image line, A base material that is faithfully reproduced and engraved with respect to a line drawing original image and a method of engraving the same.
[0026]
【Example】
The present invention will be described in detail below based on examples. The original image (original) that can be applied to the present invention is an intaglio plate engraved by a person with a special engraving sword on metal or the like, a free curve drawn with ink on a paper, a line drawing film, and a printed matter on which a line drawing is printed In any case, it is necessary to be a monochrome binary image having no intermediate color. In this embodiment, description will be made using an intaglio plate surface engraved with a special engraving sword.
[0027]
First, two-dimensional image line information is extracted from an intaglio plate surface engraved with fine irregularities using a commercially available pressure-sensitive film. Next, the resulting pressure-sensitive film was closely exposed to a squirrel-type film for the purpose of removing image fading and scratching noise caused by unevenness in development and unevenness in development, and was completely binarized. A film is obtained and used as a line drawing manuscript.
[0028]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram when a lithographic film is input as a line drawing original with a general-purpose high-resolution flatbed scanner to form a monochrome binary bitmap image. The input resolution at this time should be determined in consideration of the quality of the final printed matter that is the object. In this embodiment, the input resolution is 2500 dpi.
[0029]
Next, minute noise that could not be removed in the previous process or newly generated noise is removed in units of pixels. For example, FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a bitmap image in which pixels connected in a total of 4 pixels or less in FIG.
[0030]
Next, the outline of the bitmap image of FIG. 2 is traced, and the outline of the line drawing image is converted into outline data so that it can be handled by general line drawing editing software. The outline (V0) of the line drawing image finally obtained as vector data after scaling and line drawing editing as necessary is shown in FIG.
[0031]
Next, for the purpose of generating a cutter path, the line drawing image expressed by the outline V0 of the line drawing image is subjected to a contraction process with a distance of 10 microns to generate (V1). Next, this (V1) is subjected to a contraction process of 10 microns again to generate (V2). In this procedure, the contraction process is sequentially repeated until a cutter path capable of engraving the outline of the line drawing image without excess or deficiency is generated. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the inside of the outline V0 of the target line drawing image is excessively caused by the cutter paths (V1), (V2), and (V3) generated by the contraction process three times. You can see that you can sculpt without any shortage. Generally, this process is performed for an arbitrary line drawing image until the contraction process is completed, in other words, until the entire line drawing image is completely filled with the cutting allowance generated in the cutter path. Note that the cutter paths at different stages described in (V1), (V2), and (V3) scattered in FIG. 4 are the same in consideration of the workability of text processing for adding depth values to be described later. It is better to take out each stage and organize them into three files.
[0032]
In the present embodiment, the distance for the shrinking process is set to 10 microns. Specifically, the distance is set in consideration of the tip shape of the engraving tool and the required image accuracy after engraving. In the engraving method by the normal direction control of the present invention, the state in which the intaglio image line is engraved is viewed from directly above and is parallel to the normal direction of the engraving image line shown in FIG. The shape of the cutting surface of the engraving tool (shown by (b) in FIG. 5) appears as the cutting allowance of the same shape on the cutter path of the substrate as it is. Therefore, when inputting the contraction distance at the stage of generating the cutter path (V1), the cutting edge angle of the engraving tool (the angle indicated by (e) in FIG. 6) and the depth value to be given to the cutter path (V1). Must be known in advance. Here, when the cutting surface of the engraving tool is an isosceles triangle, when the edge angle is (ang) and the depth value is (D), the cutting width (W) appearing on the surface of the substrate is expressed by the following equation (1). Led by.
W = 2 · D · tan (ang / 2) (1)
Since the cutting edge angle of the engraving tool used in this example is 90 degrees and the depth value applied to the cutter path (V1) is 10 microns, the cutting width that appears on the substrate surface by the cutter path (V1) is From the formula (1), it is 20 microns. Accordingly, the contraction distance for generating (V1) is 10 microns, which is a half of the 20 microns, so that the cutting allowance by (V1) does not protrude outward from the outline (V0) of the line drawing image. It was.
[0033]
Here, the shrinkage distance uniquely determined by the depth value or the depth value applied to the outermost cutter path (V1) of the line drawing image affects the line drawing accuracy after engraving. Specifically, the tip of the line drawing line or the part where the curvature has greatly changed is rounded and lacks sharpness, or a cutter path for a minute line drawing image cannot be generated. (V1) The value of contraction at the time of generation is changed, a cutter path is generated and an engraving experiment is performed. The quality of the reproducibility of (V0) of the obtained engraving image line is set to 3 based on three types of observation conditions. Subjective evaluation was performed on each stage.
[0034]
FIG. 7 shows the evaluation results. As a result, it was confirmed that the engraving of the intaglio image line that requires a high-quality design requires that the distance of contraction during the generation of (V1) is generally within 10 microns. In the present invention, the setting of the contraction distance when generating the cutter paths (V2) and (V3) directly affects the quality of the engraving image line because (V2) and (V3) are not the outline of the line image. 8 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional view of a sculpture drawing line while always considering the line width W calculated from the equation (1) according to the depth value to be assigned. ), It is necessary to secure the overlap shown in the area. In FIG. 8, triangles indicated by (h), (i), and (j) indicate the machining allowances generated by the cutter paths (V1), (V2), and (V3). If the distance of contraction when generating the cutter paths (V2) and (V3) is too large, the overlap portion (f) of the cutting allowances (h), (i), and (j) in FIG. As a result, care should be taken because uncut residue may occur on the surface of the intaglio base material (g).
[0035]
Next, in the vector data (V1), (V2), (V3) described by the coordinate values of XY, a negative depth value corresponding to the image line start information, and a normal direction value if necessary , And text processing to give machine control codes such as a cutting start command and cutting speed value for machine control, and a positive depth value corresponding to the stroke end information, and fast feed for machine control ( Text processing to give machine control codes such as (feed) is performed to make data for NC machine tools with 4-axis control. In the present example, (V1), (V2), and (V3) were given depth values of −10 microns, −20 microns, and −30 microns, respectively.
[0036]
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of an image line engraved by the cutter paths (V1), (V2), and (V3). An isosceles triangle indicated by a dotted line in FIG. 9 is a cut surface of (V1) to (V5), that is, a cutting surface of a cutting tool. The reason why the depth value is increased from (V1) to (V3) is to make the sculpture drawing line produced in this embodiment similar to the cross-sectional shape of a hand-carved sculpture drawing line by a special technician. According to the depth value assignment example in the present embodiment, the contraction process ends at the stage where (V1) is generated in the portion where the image line width expressed by (V0) is narrow, and the image line As a result of generating (V3) in the wide portion, the depth value is small for the narrow line and the depth value is large for the wide line and can be automatically set. it can.
[0037]
Also, the convex portion formed by the cutter path generated by the final contraction stage in each line drawing image, which is also shown in FIG. 9 (k), functions as “thickening”. Here, the term “thickening” refers to a step of wiping off unnecessary ink in a non-image area, which is called wiping (wiping) in the next step of inking (thickening) on a printing plate in intaglio printing. In this process, when the image line width is large, the ink inside the intaglio image line part which is the image part is wiped off by a wiping body called a wiping roller. For the purpose of preventing this phenomenon, the meat stop functions as a wall that prevents the transfer of ink inside the image line by the ink wiping body.
[0038]
In addition, within the range where the machining allowance generated by the cutter paths (V1), (V2), and (V3) overlaps, i.e., (f) in FIG. 8 does not disappear, (V2) and (V3) The depth value may be arbitrarily determined. For example, if a depth value of −15 microns is set for both (V2) and (V3), as shown in FIG. You can design sculpture lines with shapes. Similarly, if (V2) is set to a depth value of -20 microns and (V3) is set to a depth value of -15 microns, it is possible to engrave an intaglio line having a cross-sectional shape in which the center is recessed. it can. The depth setting methods are various, and are not limited to those described in this embodiment.
[0039]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the present invention, since the outline data of a line drawing image is input as it is as original data, it is difficult to express it with a digital input method such as a computer mouse and the efficiency is very low. It is possible to input the change amount of the line width for performing arrangement and delicate gradation expression accurately and instantaneously as document data. In addition, because it is possible to input intaglio image lines engraved on a base material such as metal or a free curve drawn with ink on paper at any size as a manuscript image, It is also effective as a data input means for those who are unfamiliar with the operation of digital input devices, created in the past by special technicians, and once hand-engraved intaglio was impossible to use in actual products, Reuse is possible by the method based on this method.
[0040]
Further, according to the cutter path generation method using the contraction processing according to the method of the present invention, the intaglio is extremely faithful to the original because cutting is performed by normal direction control based on the contour data of the input line drawing original. A printing plate can be produced. Also, in a line drawing document, a large number of cutter paths are generated for an image line with a large line width compared to an image line with a small image line width. Create a data that can be engraved similar to a straight line drawn by a special engineer, with a procedure that gives depth values that increase in equal differences, with a deep line that is wide and a shallow line that is small. Can do. In addition, the depth value to be given to the generated cutter path is reduced according to the cutter path from the outermost circumference to the inside, regardless of the existing concept, or the depth value is all constant regardless of the stage of contraction. Since it is possible to design and engrave intaglio lines with different cross-sectional shapes using only the same engraving tool, the aspect ratio of the intaglio lines (ratio of width to height) can be adjusted to printability. It is effective as an elemental technology for preventing or counterfeiting.
[0041]
Further, according to the method of the present invention, the interval between the adjacent cutter paths is slightly increased while ensuring the cutter path generated by the final contraction stage in each line drawing image or the overlap between the adjacent cutter paths. By setting it wider, it is possible to easily provide a flesh stopper that functions as an ink transfer wall.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a line drawing document as a monochrome binary bitmap image.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a bitmap image in which pixels connected in a total of 4 pixels or less in FIG. 1 are regarded as noise and deleted.
FIG. 3 shows a contour (V0) of a line drawing image obtained as vector data.
FIG. 4 shows a cutter path generated by a shrinking process.
FIG. 5 shows the direction of the cutting surface of the engraving tool parallel to the normal direction of the engraving image line.
FIG. 6 shows the edge angle of the engraving tool.
FIG. 7 (V1) shows a result of evaluation of the depth and the reproducibility of the image line tip and minute line segment by generating a cutter path by changing the contraction value at the time of generation and performing an engraving experiment. .
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional view of an engraving drawing line on an intaglio plate surface.
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of an image engraved when a depth value of −10 microns, −20 microns, and −30 microns is set in (V1), (V2), and (V3), respectively. Shown in a grid.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of an image engraved when a depth value of −10 microns is set for (V1) and a depth value of −15 microns is set for a cutter path (V2) and (V3); Shown in the figure.
[Explanation of symbols]
V0 Outline of line drawing image
V1-V3 cutter path
a Normal direction of stroke
b Cutting surface of engraving tool
c Engraving tool
d Cutter path
e Blade angle
f For overlap
g Substrate
h to j
k Meat stop

Claims (1)

An intaglio line-forming body having a line width that has been mechanically engraved on a base material such as metal, and at the bottom of the image line of the intaglio line-forming body,
An intaglio image line-forming body having a convex flesh-stopping shape formed by an engraving tool.

Images