JP3800984B2 - User input device - Google Patents
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- JP3800984B2 JP3800984B2 JP2001151499A JP2001151499A JP3800984B2 JP 3800984 B2 JP3800984 B2 JP 3800984B2 JP 2001151499 A JP2001151499 A JP 2001151499A JP 2001151499 A JP2001151499 A JP 2001151499A JP 3800984 B2 JP3800984 B2 JP 3800984B2
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- user input
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【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、コンピュータに対してオブジェクトの操作やコマンドなどの入力を行うためのユーザ入力装置に係り、特に、コンピュータに対してオブジェクトの操作やコマンドなどをユーザの指先を用いて直接入力するユーザ入力装置に関する。
【0002】
更に詳しくは、コンピュータに対してオブジェクトの操作やコマンドなどの入力を非接触形式で行うユーザ入力装置に係り、特に、2点以上の情報や接近する物体の形状や物体までの距離情報などを認識することができる非接触型ユーザ入力装置に関する。
【0003】
【従来の技術】
昨今の技術革新に伴い、ワークステーション(WS)やパーソナル・コンピュータ(PC)と呼ばれる、比較的小型且つ低価格で、高付加価値化・高機能化された汎用タイプのコンピュータ・システムが開発・市販され、大学その他の研究機関や企業その他のオフィス、さらには一般家庭内の日常生活にも深く浸透している。
【0004】
コンピュータ・システムは、一般に、ユーザ入力コマンドに応答して駆動し、処理結果をディスプレイ・スクリーン上に表示することによって、「インタラクティブ」、すなわち対話的な処理環境を提供している。最近の傾向として、DOS(Disk Operating System)シェル画面を代表とする旧来のキーボードを介したキャラクタ・ベースのユーザ入力環境すなわち「CUI(Character User Interface)」から、グラフィック・ベースのユーザ入力を実現した「GUI(Graphical User Interface)」への移行が挙げられる。GUI環境下では、コンピュータ・システムがシミュレートされたデスクトップと無数のアイコンがディスプレイ・スクリーンに用意される。
【0005】
GUIが提供されたデスクトップ上では、ファイル等のコンピュータ・システム上で取り扱われる全ての資源オブジェクトはアイコンとして表現される。ユーザは、ディスプレイ・スクリーン上のプログラム、データ、フォルダ、デバイスなどを象徴するアイコンに対してマウスなどを用いて画面上の表示オブジェクトに対して直接操作を印加する(例えば、クリックやドラッグ・アンド・ドロップ)ことで、直感的にコンピュータ操作を行うことができる。また、デスクトップ上には、メニュー・バーやツール・ボックスなど、各種の機能すなわちコンピュータ処理を瞬時に呼び出すためのボタンが用意されており、コマンド入力の様式はますます直感的で分かり易いものとなってきている。
【0006】
GUI環境の導入により、もはやユーザは、特定のコマンドの名称やコマンド操作方法等を特に習得したり、煩雑なキー入力を行わなくとも、コンピュータを充分に操作することができる。
【0007】
かかるGUI環境下において利用可能なユーザ入力装置として、例えば、マウスや、トラックポイント、ジョイスティック、タブレット又はタッチパッドなどの座標指示装置が代表的である。このうち、マウスは、コンピュータ業界に深く定着しており、ほとんどのユーザは、ドラッグ・アンド・ドロップを基調とするマウス操作に慣れ親しんでいる。オフィスや家庭などの日常生活の各場面においてコンピュータを新規導入するに際して、マウス操作を特にトレーニングする必要は全くないと言っても過言ではない。マウス操作を基調とするGUIは、既に多くのユーザ間で定着しており、複数の汎用的な機能を提供している。
【0008】
GUI環境下では、ユーザは、コンピュータ・スクリーン上の表示内容に案内されながら、コンピュータに対して対話的に分りやすく入力作業を行うことができる。このような対話入力がさらに進んだ一例として、タッチパネルを利用したユーザ入力装置を挙げることができる。この場合、ペンやユーザの指先から指示される座標値を読み取るタッチパネルがスクリーンに重畳されているので、ユーザは、マウス操作する場合とは相違して、スクリーンから視線を外す必要がなくなるし、所望の表示オブジェクトを自分の指先で直接指示することができるので、操作性はさらに向上する。
【0009】
しかしながら、従来のタッチパネルによるユーザ入力は、指先がタッチパネル表面上に実際に接触させる必要がある。
【0010】
また、パネル上に2点以上の接触点があると、それぞれの位置を独立して計測することができない。例えば、複数人がタッチパネルを囲むように配置して会議を行うような利用形態を考察した場合、複数の参加者の指先がタッチパネル上に同時に触れることはあるが、システム側ではこのような現象を認識することはできない。最初のタッチを優先させるか、あるいは複数のタッチを混信・混同してしまいかねない。
【0011】
また、従来のタッチパネル式のユーザ入力は、点情報の入力を基本としており、接近している物体の形状や、接近した指先までの距離情報などを認識することはできない。
【0012】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、コンピュータに対してオブジェクトの操作やコマンドなどをユーザの指先を用いて直接入力することができる、優れたユーザ入力装置を提供することにある。
【0013】
本発明の更なる目的は、コンピュータに対してオブジェクトの操作やコマンドなどの入力を非接触形式で行うことができる、優れたユーザ入力装置を提供することにある。
【0014】
本発明の更なる目的は、2点以上の情報や接近する物体の形状や物体までの距離情報などを認識することができる、優れた非接触型ユーザ入力装置を提供することにある。
【0015】
【課題を解決するための手段及び作用】
本発明は、上記課題を参酌してなされたものであり、ユーザの指先などを用いて非接触形式で入力する非接触型ユーザ入力装置であって、
複数の線状の送信電極と、
前記の各送信電極に送信用の交流電流を供給する発信器と、
前記の各送信電極とは接触しないように配置された複数の線状の受信電極と、
受信電極を流れる交流電流を受信する受信器とを備え、
送信電極と受信電極の各交差点においてコンデンサと等価な回路が形成されている、
ことを特徴とする非接触型ユーザ入力装置である。
【0016】
このような構成の非接触型ユーザ入力装置によれば、送信電極と受信電極の各交差点では、コンデンサと等価な第1のコンデンサ等価回路が仮想的に形成されている。
【0017】
また、ユーザの指先などの導電性の物体が接近したことに応じて、第1のコンデンサ等価回路とは並列的となる第2のコンデンサ等価回路が仮想的に形成される。
【0018】
前記第2のコンデンサ等価回路の静電容量は、指先などの該導電性の物体との接近の程度に応じて変化していく。したがって、第2のコンデンサ等価回路とは並列的に接続された前記第1のコンデンサ等価回路を通過する交流電流は、指先などの該導電性の物体との接近の程度に応じて同様に変化する。このような現象を利用して、非接触型のユーザ入力装置は、指先が接触したことだけでなく、接近したときの指先までの距離を計測することができる。
【0019】
また、前記送信器は、各送信電極に対して交流電流をスキャンして、交流電流を送信した送信電極と交流電流を受信した受信電極との位置関係により入力位置を検出する信号処理部をさらに備えていてもよい。
【0020】
このような場合、非接触のユーザ入力装置は、入力位置を検出した送信電極と受信電極の交差点を追跡していくことにより、接近している物体の輪郭を計測することができる。すなわち、非接触のユーザ入力装置は、単にユーザの指先などの物体が近づいたということを検知するだけではなく、物体の形状を認識することができる。また、2以上のユーザが同時に非接触ユーザ入力装置にアクセスしようとしても、各人の指先を分離して認識することも可能である。
【0021】
前記送信器は、各送信電極に対して交流電流をスキャンさせながら印加するようにしてもよい。そして、非接触型ユーザ入力装置は、交流電流を送信した送信電極と交流電流を受信した受信電極との位置関係により入力位置を検出する信号処理部をさらに備えていてもよい。
【0022】
前記信号処理部は、送信電極と受信電極の交差点で形成される第1の仮想コンデンサの静電容量と、ユーザの指先などの導電性の物体が送信電極と受信電極の交差点に接近したことに応じて形成される第2の仮想コンデンサの静電容量との相違を利用して、該導電性の物体が接近したことを検出することができる。
【0023】
また、前記信号処理部は、ユーザの指先などの導電性の物体と各電極との間で仮想的に形成されるコンデンサの静電容量を統合することで、該導電性の物体の位置を検出することができる。
【0024】
また、本発明に係る非接触型ユーザ入力装置のうち少なくとも前記複数の送信電極と前記複数の受信電極とが交差してなるユーザ入力領域を、表示装置の表示画面上に重畳させることによって、表示一体型のユーザ入力装置を構成することができる。例えば、液晶表示ディスプレイや有機LEDなどと一体的に、本発明に係る非接触型ユーザ入力装置を構成することができる。
【0025】
例えば、アノード電極層とカソード電極層が絶縁層を介して積層して構成される表示装置と一体的に、本発明に係る非接触型ユーザ入力装置を構成するようにしてもよい。
【0026】
このような場合、一方の電極層と他方の電極層との組み合わせによって、前記複数の送信電極と前記複数の受信電極とが交差してなるユーザ入力領域を構成することができる。すなわち、直流電圧が印加される一方の電極層に検出用の交流電圧を印加させとともに、他方の電極層から受信される交流電流を検出するようにすればよい。
【0027】
本発明のさらに他の目的、特徴や利点は、後述する本発明の実施例や添付する図面に基づくより詳細な説明によって明らかになるであろう。
【0028】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図面を参照しながら本発明の実施例を詳解する。
【0029】
図1には、本発明の一実施形態に係る非接触型ユーザ入力装置1の基本構成を模式的に示している。
【0030】
同図に示すように、非接触型ユーザ入力装置1は、複数の線状の送信電極11−1,11−2,…,11−mと、各送信電極11−1…に送信用の所定周波数(例えば100KHz)の交流電流を供給する発信器12と、静電作用によって各送信電極11−1…からの交流電流を受信する複数の線状の受信電極15−1,15−2,…,15−nと、各受信電極15−1…を流れる交流電流を受信する受信器16とで構成される。受信器16は、所定周波数帯域の交流電流のみを通過させるバンド・パス・フィルタ(BPF)16Aと、増幅器16Bと、検波器16CとからなるAM変調器と、検波出力をデジタル形式の信号に変換するA/D変換器16Dとで構成される。
【0031】
各受信電極15−1,15−2,…,15−nは、図1では各送信電極11−1,11−2,…,11−mと交差点を持つことが分かるが、交差点ではこれら電極どうしが接触していない。言い換えれば、電極どうしの各交差点では、電荷を蓄積するコンデンサと等価な回路が実質上形成されている。したがって、送信電極に交流電流が通過すると、これに対向する受信電極には、静電誘導によって、その交差点を介して交流電流が流れる。これら各送信電極11−1,11−2,…,11−mと各受信電極15−1,15−2,…,15−nが交錯する領域は、非接触型ユーザ入力装置1におけるユーザ入力領域を構成する。このユーザ入力領域は、図示の通り、2次元的な広がりを持つ。
【0032】
発信器12は、各送信電極11−1…に対して交流電流をスキャンしながら印加する。したがって、ある瞬間では、各受信電極15−1…には該当する送信電極との交差点におけるコンデンサ等価回路からの交流電流が流れることになり、交流電流を送信した送信電極と交流電流を受信した受信電極との位置関係により入力位置を検出することができる。例えば、A/D変換された各受信電極15−1…における出力信号をプロセッサ20上で所定の演算処理を行うことによって、ユーザ入力領域を介して2次元的なユーザ入力を検出することができる。
【0033】
図示の例では、各送信電極11−1,11−2,…,11−mは略平行に配列されているとともに、各受信電極15−1,15−2,…,15−nは各送信電極11−1…とは直交する方向に配列されており、ユーザ入力領域は、電極どうしが均一に網の目上に組み合わされた略平面状の領域である。但し、本発明の要旨はこのような形態に特に限定されるものではなく、各送信電極と受信電極が接触せずに交錯していれば、平面以外の形状、例えば球状やその他の曲面状であってもよい。
【0034】
図2には、送信電極11と受信電極15間のある1つの交差点を拡大して示している。また、図3には、この送信電極11と受信電極15との交差点の等価回路を示している。
【0035】
送信電極11と受信電極15とが交叉する交差点では、図3に示すように、コンデンサと等価な回路が形成される。
【0036】
ここで、送信電極11側に交流電圧を印加すると、送信電極11と受信電極15の間の静電容量Caによって容量結合が起こり、受信電極15に交流電流が発生する。このコンデンサCaを通過する電流の強度は、発信器12における交流電圧の発信周波数に同調したバンド・パス・フィルタ16A、増幅器16B、検波器16C、並びにA/D変換器16Dの各部により信号処理を施すことによって、デジタル・データとして取り出される。受信電極11において受信される交流電流の強度は、コンデンサの静電容量Caにのみ依存する。
【0037】
静電容量Caは、送信電極11や受信電極15の変形などがない限り、静的で、固定値を保つ。したがって、送信電極11側に同じ交流電圧が印加される限り、受信電極15側において受信される交流電流の強度は一定となる。
【0038】
次いで、このような送信電極11及び受信電極15の組み合わせによって、ユーザの指先などの物体を非接触で検出する仕組みについて説明する。
【0039】
図4には、送信電極11と受信電極15間のある1つの交差点にユーザの指先が接近している様子を示している。また、図5には、送信電極11と受信電極15間のある1つの交差点にユーザの指先が接近したときの送信電極11と受信電極15との交差点の等価回路を示している。
【0040】
送信電極11と受信電極15とが交叉する交差点では、上述したように、コンデンサCaと等価な回路が形成される。
【0041】
また、指先などの人体は仮想的な接地点(アース)とみなすことができる。したがって、その等価回路は、送信電極11と受信電極15の間で形成されるコンデンサCaと、人体と送信電極11並びに人体と受信電極15それぞれの間で直列的に形成される仮想的なコンデンサCb1及びCb2とが、並列的に接続された構成となる。
【0042】
したがって、送信電極11側に交流電圧を印加した場合、コンデンサCb1を介してグランドに流れ込む電流の分だけ、送信電極11と受信電極15の間の静電容量Caによる容量結合によって発生する交流電流、すなわち受信電極15側で検出される電流の強度は弱まる。
【0043】
静電容量Caは、送信電極11や受信電極15の変形などがない限り、静的で、固定値を保つ。これに対し、人体と送信電極11並びに人体と受信電極15それぞれの間で直列的に形成される仮想的なコンデンサのそれぞれの静電容量Cb1及びCb2は、人体が送信電極11並びに受信電極15に接近するに従って大きくなる。
【0044】
このため、同じ交流電圧を送信電極11に印加した場合、受信電極15で検出される交流電流の強度は、人体が送信電極11並びに受信電極15に接近するに従って、小さくなっていく。
【0045】
このような現象を利用して、プロセッサ20では、AM変調器16でAM変調され、さらにA/D変換器16Dでデジタル形式に変換された受信信号を用いて、電極間の交差点に人体が接近しているかどうかを判定したり、あるいは、人体がどの程度接近しているか(距離)を計測することができる。
【0046】
図1に示したように、本実施形態に係る非接触ユーザ入力装置1は、このような送信電極11−1…と受信電極15−1…との交差点が、m×nのマトリックス状に配列されている。例えば、所定の平面(又は曲面)からなる入力パネル上に、これら各電極の交点を配設することができる。
【0047】
交流電圧を各送信電極11−1,11−2,…,11−mに時分割で印加する。そして、それぞれに対応して、各受信電極15−1,15−2,…,15−nに発生する交流電流を順次計測することで、ユーザ入力領域上のどの交差点に人体が接近しているかを判定することができる。
【0048】
本実施形態に係る非接触ユーザ入力装置11では、静電作用を利用しているので、ユーザの指先などの人体を検出するために、人体が電極に直接接触している必要はない。また、近傍の交差点で得られた各検出値を統合して、一般的な幾何学的演算などを施すことによって、入力面から指先までの距離を計測することができる。
【0049】
また、図1に示すような構成によれば、電極間の各交差点を独立して駆動させることができる。すなわち、それぞれの交差点から独立して検出値を取り出すことができるので、複数の物体(例えば、同じユーザの右手と左手、あるいは複数のユーザの手)が同時にユーザ入力領域に接近してきた場合には、その距離が交差点間のピッチ間隔よりも長ければ、これらを独立した物体として認識することができる。すなわち、複数の物体の位置を同時に計測することができる。
【0050】
また、物体の接近が同時に検出された交差点を追跡していくことにより、接近している物体の形状又は輪郭を捉えることができる。
【0051】
図6には、非接触ユーザ入力装置1の変形例を図解している。
【0052】
ユーザの指先がある格子点A,B,C,Dで囲まれた領域に接近してきた場合、各送信電極11−i,11−j、並びに各受信電極15−p,15−qとユーザの指先との間では、仮想的なコンデンサCI,CJ,CP,CQがそれぞれ形成されている。
【0053】
これら各仮想コンデンサの静電容量CI,CJ,CP,CQは、それぞれの電極とユーザの指先との距離に応じて変化する。
【0054】
したがって、人体と電極との複数の交差点からの値を統合することで、各交差点の中間にある手の位置を計測することができる。すなわち、本実施形態に係る非接触ユーザ入力装置1の位置計測の精度は、各電極間の交差点の間隔よりも細かくすることができる。
【0055】
また、図7には、非接触ユーザ入力装置1の他の変形例を図解している。
【0056】
図1を参照しながら既に説明したように、本実施形態に係る非接触ユーザ入力装置1は、そのユーザ入力領域において、送信電極11−1…と受信電極15−1…との交差点がm×nのマトリックス状に配列されている。また、図1に示すような構成によれば、電極間の各交差点を独立して駆動させて、それぞれの交差点から独立して検出値を取り出すことができる。
【0057】
したがって、図7に示すように、ユーザ入力領域に複数のユーザの指先が存在するような場合、それぞれのユーザの指先の近傍における交差点において、これらを独立して認識することができる。この結果、単一のユーザ入力装置を用いて、複数のユーザからの同時入力を受容することができる。
【0058】
また、図8には、非接触ユーザ入力装置1の他の変形例を図解している。
【0059】
図1を参照しながら既に説明したように、本実施形態に係る非接触ユーザ入力装置1は、そのユーザ入力領域において、送信電極11−1…と受信電極15−1…との交差点がm×nのマトリックス状に配列されている。但し、図8に示す例では、各送信電極11−1,11−2,…,11−m、並びに、各受信電極15−1−1,15−2,…,15−nの間隔は充分に短く配設され、また、送信器12が各送信電極11−1に交流電圧を印加するスキャン速度は充分に速いものとする。
【0060】
このような場合、図8に示すように、ユーザが掌をユーザ入力領域に接近させた場合、接近したことを検出した交差点を追跡していくことにより、物体すなわち掌の形状を認識することができる。
【0061】
すなわち、各電極間のピッチ間隔を充分小さく、且つ、送信電極におけるスキャン速度を充分速くすることによって、本実施形態に係る非接触ユーザ入力装置1は、物体の形状を認識することができる。
【0062】
本実施形態に係る非接触ユーザ入力装置1を他のデバイスと組み合わせて適用することも考えられる。例えば、液晶表示ディスプレイ(LCD:Liquid Crystal Display)や有機ELなどの平面ディスプレイ上に、非接触ユーザ入力装置1を重畳することにより、表示一体型のユーザ入力装置を構成することができる。このようなユーザ入力装置によれば、ユーザは、表示出力されるGUI画面の内容に案内されながら、直感的且つ容易にコンピュータへのコマンド入力を行うことができる。ユーザは、表示画面から視線をそらすことなく入力作業を行うことができ、ご操作する危険も少なくなる。
【0063】
図9には、導電性ポリマーによる発光素子すなわち有機LEDからなる表示装置と一体的に構成された非接触ユーザ入力装置1の断面構成を模式的に図解している。
【0064】
同図に示す例では、導電性ポリマーからなるアノード電極層とカソード電極層が、有機素材からなる絶縁層を介して積層されている。また、アノード電極とカソード電極は、互いに直行して配設されている。これは、図1における、各送信電極11−1…と各受信電極15−1…が互いに接触しないように交差して配設されている構成に類似する。
【0065】
有機ディスプレイにおいては、各画素を発光させるために、一方の電極層では、画面スキャン方向に向かって各電極には直流電圧が順次印加される。
【0066】
本実施形態では、一方の電極層に流れる直流電圧に、人体検出用の交流電圧を重畳させて印加する。この結果、他方の電極層では、交流電流を受信する。ユーザの指先などの人体が接近している交差点においては、受信される交流電流の強度が減少するので、ユーザの指先が居る位置を特定したり、さらには、接近している物体の形状を認識したりすることができる。
【0067】
図9に示したような構成によれば、有機ディスプレイにおける画面構成を変更することなく、表示装置をそのまま非接触型ユーザ入力装置としても利用することができる。
【0068】
また、有機ディスプレイは、一般に、フレキシブルであり、自由に折り曲げることが可能である。したがって、図9に示したような適用例によれば、球面や筒状のユーザ入力一体型のディスプレイ装置を構成することができる。
【0069】
[追補]
以上、特定の実施例を参照しながら、本発明について詳解してきた。しかしながら、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で当業者が該実施例の修正や代用を成し得ることは自明である。すなわち、例示という形態で本発明を開示してきたのであり、限定的に解釈されるべきではない。本発明の要旨を判断するためには、冒頭に記載した特許請求の範囲の欄を参酌すべきである。
【0070】
【発明の効果】
以上詳記したように、本発明によれば、コンピュータに対してオブジェクトの操作やコマンドなどをユーザの指先を用いて直接入力することができる、優れたユーザ入力装置を提供することができる。
【0071】
また、本発明によれば、コンピュータに対してオブジェクトの操作やコマンドなどの入力を非接触形式で行うことができる、優れたユーザ入力装置を提供することができる。
【0072】
また、本発明によれば、2点以上の情報や接近する物体の形状や物体までの距離情報などを認識することができる、優れた非接触型ユーザ入力装置を提供することができる。
【0073】
本発明に係る非接触型ユーザ入力装置においては、送信電極と受信電極の各交差点ではコンデンサと等価な第1のコンデンサ等価回路が仮想的に形成されている。また、ユーザの指先などの導電性の物体が接近したことに応じて、第1のコンデンサ等価回路とは並列的となる第2のコンデンサ等価回路が仮想的に形成される。指先などの該導電性の物体との接近の程度に応じて前記第2のコンデンサ等価回路の静電容量が変化して、この結果、前記第1のコンデンサ等価回路を通過する交流電流が変化する。したがって、このような現象を利用することによって、指先が接触したことだけでなく、接近したときの指先までの距離を計測することができる。
【0074】
また、各送信電極に対して交流電流をスキャン入力することにより、交流電流を送信した送信電極と交流電流を受信した受信電極との位置関係により入力位置を検出することができる。入力位置を検出した送信電極と受信電極の交差点を追跡していくことにより、接近している物体の輪郭を計測することができる。すなわち、非接触のユーザ入力装置は、単にユーザの指先などの物体が近づいたということを検知するだけではなく、物体の形状を認識することができる。また、2以上のユーザが同時に非接触ユーザ入力装置にアクセスしようとしても、各人の指先を分離して認識することも可能である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一実施形態に係る非接触型ユーザ入力装置1の基本構成を模式的に示した図である。
【図2】送信電極11と受信電極15間のある1つの交差点を拡大して示した図である。
【図3】送信電極11と受信電極15間のある1つの交差点の等価回路を示した図である。
【図4】送信電極11と受信電極15間のある1つの交差点にユーザの指先が接近している様子を示した図である。
【図5】送信電極11と受信電極15間のある1つの交差点にユーザの指先が接近したときの送信電極11と受信電極15との交差点の等価回路を示した図である。
【図6】非接触ユーザ入力装置1の変形例を説明するための図である。
【図7】非接触ユーザ入力装置1の変形例を説明するための図である。
【図8】非接触ユーザ入力装置1の変形例を説明するための図である。
【図9】導電性ポリマーによる発光素子すなわち有機LEDからなる表示装置と一体的に構成された非接触ユーザ入力装置1の断面構成を示した図である。
【符号の説明】
1…非接触ユーザ入力装置
11…送信電極
12…送信器
15…受信電極
16…AM変調器
16A…バンド・パス・フィルタ,16B…増幅器
16C…検波器,16D…A/D変換器
20…プロセッサ[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a user input device for inputting an object operation or a command to a computer, and more particularly to a user input for directly inputting an object operation or a command to a computer using a user's fingertip. Relates to the device.
[0002]
More specifically, it relates to a user input device that performs non-contact input of object operations and commands to a computer, and particularly recognizes information on two or more points, the shape of an approaching object, and distance information to the object. It is related with the non-contact-type user input device which can do.
[0003]
[Prior art]
Along with recent technological innovation, a general-purpose computer system, called workstation (WS) and personal computer (PC), is developed and marketed with relatively small size and low price, high added value and high functionality. It has deeply penetrated into daily life in universities and other research institutes, companies and other offices, and even ordinary households.
[0004]
Computer systems generally provide an “interactive” or interactive processing environment by driving in response to user input commands and displaying processing results on a display screen. As a recent trend, graphic-based user input has been realized from a character-based user input environment such as a DOS (Disk Operating System) shell screen via a conventional keyboard, that is, “Character User Interface (CUI)”. A transition to “GUI (Graphical User Interface)” can be mentioned. Under the GUI environment, a desktop simulating a computer system and countless icons are prepared on the display screen.
[0005]
On the desktop provided with the GUI, all resource objects handled on the computer system such as files are represented as icons. The user directly applies an operation to a display object on the screen using a mouse or the like to icons representing programs, data, folders, devices, etc. on the display screen (for example, click, drag and drag, etc.). (Drop), the computer can be operated intuitively. On the desktop, buttons such as a menu bar and a tool box are provided to instantly invoke various functions, that is, computer processing, and the command input format becomes increasingly intuitive and easy to understand. It is coming.
[0006]
With the introduction of the GUI environment, the user can sufficiently operate the computer without particularly learning the name of a specific command, the command operation method, or performing complicated key input.
[0007]
As a user input device that can be used in such a GUI environment, for example, a coordinate instruction device such as a mouse, a track point, a joystick, a tablet, or a touch pad is representative. Of these, the mouse is deeply established in the computer industry, and most users are accustomed to mouse operation based on drag and drop. It is no exaggeration to say that there is no need to train mouse operations when introducing a new computer in daily life situations such as in the office or home. GUIs based on mouse operations are already established among many users and provide a plurality of general-purpose functions.
[0008]
Under the GUI environment, the user can interactively understand and input data to the computer while being guided by the display contents on the computer screen. As an example in which such interactive input has further advanced, a user input device using a touch panel can be cited. In this case, since the touch panel that reads the coordinate value instructed from the pen or the fingertip of the user is superimposed on the screen, the user does not need to remove the line of sight from the screen unlike the case of operating the mouse. The display object can be directly pointed with his / her fingertip, so that the operability is further improved.
[0009]
However, the user input by the conventional touch panel requires the fingertip to actually touch the touch panel surface.
[0010]
In addition, if there are two or more contact points on the panel, each position cannot be measured independently. For example, when considering a usage pattern in which a plurality of people are placed around a touch panel to hold a conference, the fingertips of a plurality of participants may touch the touch panel at the same time. It cannot be recognized. The first touch may be given priority, or multiple touches may be confused or confused.
[0011]
Further, conventional touch panel type user input is based on point information input, and cannot recognize the shape of an approaching object, distance information to the approaching fingertip, and the like.
[0012]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide an excellent user input device that can directly input an object operation, a command, and the like to a computer using a user's fingertip.
[0013]
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an excellent user input device that can input object operations, commands, and the like to a computer in a non-contact manner.
[0014]
A further object of the present invention is to provide an excellent non-contact type user input device capable of recognizing information of two or more points, the shape of an approaching object, distance information to the object, and the like.
[0015]
[Means and Actions for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems, and is a non-contact type user input device that inputs in a non-contact format using a user's fingertip or the like,
A plurality of linear transmission electrodes;
A transmitter for supplying an alternating current for transmission to each of the transmission electrodes;
A plurality of linear receiving electrodes arranged so as not to contact each of the transmitting electrodes;
A receiver for receiving an alternating current flowing through the receiving electrode,
A circuit equivalent to a capacitor is formed at each intersection of the transmission electrode and the reception electrode,
This is a non-contact type user input device.
[0016]
According to the non-contact user input device having such a configuration, a first capacitor equivalent circuit equivalent to a capacitor is virtually formed at each intersection of the transmission electrode and the reception electrode.
[0017]
Further, in response to the approach of a conductive object such as a user's fingertip, a second capacitor equivalent circuit that is parallel to the first capacitor equivalent circuit is virtually formed.
[0018]
The capacitance of the second capacitor equivalent circuit changes in accordance with the degree of proximity to the conductive object such as a fingertip. Therefore, the alternating current passing through the first capacitor equivalent circuit connected in parallel with the second capacitor equivalent circuit similarly changes depending on the degree of proximity to the conductive object such as a fingertip. . By using such a phenomenon, the non-contact type user input device can measure not only that the fingertip is in contact but also the distance to the fingertip when approaching.
[0019]
The transmitter further includes a signal processing unit that scans an alternating current for each transmission electrode and detects an input position based on a positional relationship between the transmission electrode that has transmitted the alternating current and the reception electrode that has received the alternating current. You may have.
[0020]
In such a case, the non-contact user input device can measure the contour of the approaching object by tracking the intersection of the transmission electrode and the reception electrode where the input position is detected. That is, the non-contact user input device can not only detect that an object such as a user's fingertip is approaching but also recognize the shape of the object. Even when two or more users try to access the non-contact user input device at the same time, it is possible to recognize each person's fingertip separately.
[0021]
The transmitter may apply an alternating current to each transmission electrode while scanning. The non-contact type user input device may further include a signal processing unit that detects an input position based on a positional relationship between a transmission electrode that transmits an alternating current and a reception electrode that receives the alternating current.
[0022]
In the signal processing unit, the capacitance of the first virtual capacitor formed at the intersection of the transmission electrode and the reception electrode, and that a conductive object such as a user's fingertip approaches the intersection of the transmission electrode and the reception electrode. By utilizing the difference from the capacitance of the second virtual capacitor formed accordingly, it is possible to detect that the conductive object has approached.
[0023]
In addition, the signal processing unit detects the position of the conductive object by integrating the capacitance of a capacitor virtually formed between the conductive object such as a user's fingertip and each electrode. can do.
[0024]
In addition, a user input area formed by intersecting at least the plurality of transmission electrodes and the plurality of reception electrodes among the non-contact type user input device according to the present invention is displayed on the display screen of the display device by superimposing them. An integrated user input device can be configured. For example, the non-contact type user input device according to the present invention can be configured integrally with a liquid crystal display or an organic LED.
[0025]
For example, the non-contact type user input device according to the present invention may be configured integrally with a display device in which an anode electrode layer and a cathode electrode layer are laminated via an insulating layer.
[0026]
In such a case, a combination of one electrode layer and the other electrode layer can constitute a user input area in which the plurality of transmission electrodes and the plurality of reception electrodes intersect. That is, an AC voltage for detection may be applied to one electrode layer to which a DC voltage is applied, and an AC current received from the other electrode layer may be detected.
[0027]
Other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from a more detailed description based on embodiments of the present invention described later and the accompanying drawings.
[0028]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[0029]
FIG. 1 schematically shows a basic configuration of a non-contact type user input device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0030]
As shown in the figure, the non-contact type user input device 1 includes a plurality of linear transmission electrodes 11-1, 11-2,..., 11-m and a predetermined transmission for transmission to each of the transmission electrodes 11-1. A
[0031]
Each of the receiving electrodes 15-1, 15-2,..., 15-n has an intersection with each of the transmitting electrodes 11-1, 11-2,. There is no contact between them. In other words, a circuit equivalent to a capacitor for accumulating electric charge is substantially formed at each intersection of the electrodes. Therefore, when an alternating current passes through the transmitting electrode, the alternating current flows through the intersection of the receiving electrode facing the transmitting electrode by electrostatic induction. The area where the transmission electrodes 11-1, 11-2,..., 11-m and the reception electrodes 15-1, 15-2,..., 15-n intersect is a user input in the non-contact type user input device 1. Configure the area. This user input area has a two-dimensional expanse as shown.
[0032]
The
[0033]
In the illustrated example, the transmission electrodes 11-1, 11-2,..., 11-m are arranged substantially in parallel, and the reception electrodes 15-1, 15-2,. The electrodes are arranged in a direction orthogonal to the electrodes 11-1,..., And the user input area is a substantially planar area in which the electrodes are uniformly combined on the mesh. However, the gist of the present invention is not particularly limited to such a form. If the transmitting electrodes and the receiving electrodes are in contact with each other without being in contact with each other, the shape may be other than a plane, for example, a spherical shape or other curved surface There may be.
[0034]
In FIG. 2, a certain intersection between the
[0035]
At the intersection where the
[0036]
Here, when an AC voltage is applied to the
[0037]
The electrostatic capacitance Ca is static and maintains a fixed value as long as the
[0038]
Next, a mechanism for detecting an object such as a user's fingertip in a non-contact manner using such a combination of the
[0039]
FIG. 4 shows a state where the user's fingertip is approaching a certain intersection between the
[0040]
The intersection with the transmitting electrode 11 a receiving
[0041]
A human body such as a fingertip can be regarded as a virtual ground point (earth). Accordingly, the equivalent circuit thereof, and a capacitor C a which is formed between the
[0042]
Therefore, when an AC voltage is applied to the
[0043]
The electrostatic capacitance Ca is static and maintains a fixed value as long as the
[0044]
For this reason, when the same AC voltage is applied to the
[0045]
By utilizing such a phenomenon, the
[0046]
As shown in FIG. 1, in the non-contact user input device 1 according to the present embodiment, such intersections of the transmission electrodes 11-1 and the reception electrodes 15-1 are arranged in an m × n matrix. Has been. For example, the intersections of these electrodes can be arranged on an input panel consisting of a predetermined plane (or curved surface).
[0047]
An AC voltage is applied to each of the transmission electrodes 11-1, 11-2,. And corresponding to each, the alternating current which generate | occur | produces in each receiving electrode 15-1, 15-2, ..., 15-n is measured sequentially, and the human body is approaching which intersection on the user input area. Can be determined.
[0048]
In the non-contact
[0049]
Further, according to the configuration shown in FIG. 1, each intersection between the electrodes can be driven independently. That is, since the detection value can be taken out independently from each intersection, when a plurality of objects (for example, the right and left hands of the same user or the hands of a plurality of users) approach the user input area at the same time. If the distance is longer than the pitch interval between the intersections, these can be recognized as independent objects. That is, the positions of a plurality of objects can be measured simultaneously.
[0050]
Further, by tracking the intersection where the approach of the object is detected at the same time, the shape or contour of the approaching object can be captured.
[0051]
FIG. 6 illustrates a modification of the non-contact user input device 1.
[0052]
When the user's fingertip approaches an area surrounded by the grid points A, B, C, and D, the transmission electrodes 11-i and 11-j, the reception electrodes 15-p and 15-q, and the user's fingertip Virtual capacitors C I , C J , C P , and C Q are formed between the fingertips.
[0053]
The capacitances C I , C J , C P , and C Q of these virtual capacitors change according to the distance between each electrode and the user's fingertip.
[0054]
Therefore, by integrating values from a plurality of intersections between the human body and the electrodes, the position of the hand in the middle of each intersection can be measured. That is, the accuracy of position measurement of the non-contact user input device 1 according to the present embodiment can be made finer than the interval between the intersections between the electrodes.
[0055]
FIG. 7 illustrates another modification of the non-contact user input device 1.
[0056]
As already described with reference to FIG. 1, in the non-contact user input device 1 according to the present embodiment, the intersection of the transmission electrodes 11-1... And the reception electrodes 15-1. n is arranged in a matrix. Further, according to the configuration shown in FIG. 1, each intersection between the electrodes can be driven independently, and the detection value can be extracted independently from each intersection.
[0057]
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, when there are a plurality of user's fingertips in the user input area, these can be recognized independently at an intersection in the vicinity of each user's fingertip. As a result, simultaneous input from multiple users can be received using a single user input device.
[0058]
FIG. 8 illustrates another modification of the non-contact user input device 1.
[0059]
As already described with reference to FIG. 1, in the non-contact user input device 1 according to the present embodiment, the intersection of the transmission electrodes 11-1... And the reception electrodes 15-1. n is arranged in a matrix. However, in the example shown in FIG. 8, the intervals between the transmission electrodes 11-1, 11-2,..., 11-m and the reception electrodes 15-1-1, 15-2,. The scanning speed at which the
[0060]
In such a case, as shown in FIG. 8, when the user brings the palm close to the user input area, the object, that is, the shape of the palm can be recognized by tracking the intersection where the approach is detected. it can.
[0061]
That is, the contactless user input device 1 according to the present embodiment can recognize the shape of the object by sufficiently reducing the pitch interval between the electrodes and sufficiently increasing the scanning speed of the transmission electrode.
[0062]
It is also conceivable to apply the non-contact user input device 1 according to the present embodiment in combination with other devices. For example, a display-integrated user input device can be configured by superimposing the non-contact user input device 1 on a flat display such as a liquid crystal display (LCD) or an organic EL. According to such a user input device, the user can input commands to the computer intuitively and easily while being guided by the content of the GUI screen to be displayed and output. The user can perform an input operation without diverting his / her line of sight from the display screen, and the risk of operation is reduced.
[0063]
FIG. 9 schematically illustrates a cross-sectional configuration of the non-contact user input device 1 configured integrally with a display device made of a light emitting element made of a conductive polymer, that is, an organic LED.
[0064]
In the example shown in the figure, an anode electrode layer and a cathode electrode layer made of a conductive polymer are laminated via an insulating layer made of an organic material. Further, the anode electrode and the cathode electrode are arranged perpendicular to each other. This is similar to the configuration shown in FIG. 1 in which the transmitting electrodes 11-1 and the receiving electrodes 15-1 are arranged so as not to contact each other.
[0065]
In the organic display, in order to cause each pixel to emit light, in one electrode layer, a DC voltage is sequentially applied to each electrode in the screen scanning direction.
[0066]
In the present embodiment, an AC voltage for human body detection is superimposed and applied to a DC voltage flowing through one electrode layer. As a result, the other electrode layer receives an alternating current. At intersections where human bodies such as the user's fingertips are approaching, the intensity of the received alternating current decreases, so the location of the user's fingertips can be specified and the shape of the approaching object can be recognized. You can do it.
[0067]
According to the configuration as shown in FIG. 9, the display device can be used as it is as a non-contact type user input device without changing the screen configuration of the organic display.
[0068]
Further, the organic display is generally flexible and can be bent freely. Therefore, according to the application example as shown in FIG. 9, a spherical or cylindrical display unit integrated with user input can be configured.
[0069]
[Supplement]
The present invention has been described in detail above with reference to specific embodiments. However, it is obvious that those skilled in the art can make modifications and substitutions of the embodiments without departing from the gist of the present invention. In other words, the present invention has been disclosed in the form of exemplification, and should not be interpreted in a limited manner. In order to determine the gist of the present invention, the claims section described at the beginning should be considered.
[0070]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an excellent user input device that can directly input an object operation, a command, and the like to a computer using a user's fingertip.
[0071]
Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an excellent user input device that can input object operations, commands, and the like to a computer in a non-contact manner.
[0072]
Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an excellent non-contact type user input device capable of recognizing information on two or more points, the shape of an approaching object, distance information to the object, and the like.
[0073]
In the non-contact type user input device according to the present invention, a first capacitor equivalent circuit equivalent to a capacitor is virtually formed at each intersection of the transmission electrode and the reception electrode. Further, in response to the approach of a conductive object such as a user's fingertip, a second capacitor equivalent circuit that is parallel to the first capacitor equivalent circuit is virtually formed. The capacitance of the second capacitor equivalent circuit changes according to the degree of proximity to the conductive object such as a fingertip, and as a result, the alternating current passing through the first capacitor equivalent circuit changes. . Therefore, by using such a phenomenon, it is possible to measure not only that the fingertip is in contact but also the distance to the fingertip when approaching.
[0074]
Further, by scanning and inputting an alternating current to each transmission electrode, the input position can be detected based on the positional relationship between the transmission electrode that has transmitted the alternating current and the reception electrode that has received the alternating current. By tracing the intersection of the transmission electrode and the reception electrode that have detected the input position, the contour of the approaching object can be measured. That is, the non-contact user input device can not only detect that an object such as a user's fingertip is approaching but also recognize the shape of the object. Even when two or more users try to access the non-contact user input device at the same time, it is possible to recognize each person's fingertip separately.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a basic configuration of a non-contact type user input device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view showing a certain intersection between a
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit of one intersection between the
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a state where a user's fingertip is approaching a certain intersection between a
5 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit of an intersection between the
FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a modification of the non-contact user input device 1;
FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a modification of the non-contact user input device 1;
FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a modification of the non-contact user input device 1;
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of a non-contact user input device 1 configured integrally with a display device composed of a light emitting element made of a conductive polymer, that is, an organic LED.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Non-contact
Claims (9)
複数の送信電極と、前記の各送信電極に交流電流を供給する発信器と、前記の各送信電極と接触しないように配置された複数の受信電極と、前記の各受信電極を流れる交流電流を受信する受信器を備え、ユーザが人体などの誘電性の物体を使って入力操作を行なうユーザ入力手段と、
誘電性の物体と前記の各送信電極の間並びに誘電性の物体と前記の各受信電極の間でそれぞれ形成されるコンデンサ等価回路の静電容量の変化に基づいて前記ユーザ入力手段に対する入力操作による誘電性の物体の近接又は接触を検出する検出手段と、
前記検出手段による検出結果を処理して、前記ユーザ入力手段に対する入力操作を認識する処理手段とを備え、
前記検出手段は、前記誘電性の物体が隣接する2本の送信電極及び隣接する2本の受信電極の各交差点で囲まれた領域に接近してきたときに、各送信電極と前記誘電性の物体との距離、並びに各受信電極とユーザの前記誘電性の物体との距離を、各送信電極に交流電流を流したときに各受信電極に流れる電流強度の変化に基づいて計測して、これらの交差点からの値を統合することで前記領域内における前記誘電性の物体の位置を特定する、
ことを特徴とするユーザ入力装置。A user input device that accepts input of data or commands from a user to an information processing device,
A plurality of transmitting electrodes, a transmitter for supplying an alternating current to each transmitting electrode, a plurality of receiving electrodes arranged so as not to contact each transmitting electrode, and an alternating current flowing through each receiving electrode. A user input means including a receiver for receiving, and a user performing an input operation using a dielectric object such as a human body;
By an input operation to the user input means based on a change in capacitance of a capacitor equivalent circuit formed between a dielectric object and each of the transmission electrodes and between the dielectric object and each of the reception electrodes. Detection means for detecting proximity or contact of a dielectric object;
Processing means for processing a detection result by the detection means and recognizing an input operation on the user input means,
When the dielectric object approaches an area surrounded by the intersections of two adjacent transmission electrodes and two adjacent reception electrodes, each of the transmission electrodes and the dielectric object As well as the distance between each receiving electrode and the dielectric object of the user based on the change in the intensity of the current flowing through each receiving electrode when an alternating current is passed through each transmitting electrode. Locating the dielectric object within the region by integrating values from intersections;
A user input device characterized by that.
前記ユーザ入力手段に対する入力操作により誘電性の物体が近接又は接触するのに応じて、誘電性の物体と送信電極並びに誘電性の物体と受信電極それぞれの間で形成される仮想的なコンデンサが直列的に接続されて、前記第1のコンデンサ等価回路とは並列的となる第2のコンデンサ等価回路を構成し、
前記検出手段は、前記ユーザ入力手段に対する入力操作により誘電性の物体が近接又は接触して前記第2のコンデンサ等価回路の静電容量が変化したときの、対応する受信電極における交流電流強度の変化を検出する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のユーザ入力装置。A first capacitor equivalent circuit in which the capacitance is almost fixed is formed at each intersection of the transmission electrode and the reception electrode,
A virtual capacitor formed between each of the dielectric object and the transmission electrode and each of the dielectric object and the reception electrode is connected in series according to the proximity or contact of the dielectric object by the input operation on the user input means. Connected to each other to form a second capacitor equivalent circuit parallel to the first capacitor equivalent circuit,
The detecting means changes the alternating current intensity at the corresponding receiving electrode when a dielectric object approaches or comes into contact with an input operation on the user input means and the capacitance of the second capacitor equivalent circuit changes. Detect
The user input device according to claim 1.
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のユーザ入力装置。The processing means recognizes the contact or proximity position of the dielectric object and other states in the contact or proximity state of the dielectric object;
The user input device according to claim 1.
ことを特徴とする請求項3に記載のユーザ入力装置。The processing means recognizes the shape or contour of one or more dielectric objects that are input to the user input device as other states.
The user input device according to claim 3.
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のユーザ入力装置。The plurality of transmission electrodes are supplied with the alternating current from the transmitter in a time-sharing manner.
The user input device according to claim 1.
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のユーザ入力装置。The input operation on the user input means relates to data input or command input to an application program operating on the information processing apparatus.
The user input device according to claim 1.
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のユーザ入力装置。The processing means distinguishes a plurality of dielectric objects through a contact or proximity position integration process.
The user input device according to claim 1.
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のユーザ入力装置。A user input area configured by intersecting at least the plurality of transmission electrodes and the plurality of reception electrodes is superimposed on the display screen of the display device,
The user input device according to claim 1.
直流電圧が印加される一方の電極層に検出用の交流電圧を印加させとともに、他方の電極層から受信される交流電流を検出することによって、前記複数の送信電極と前記複数の受信電極とが交差してなるユーザ入力領域を構成する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の非接触型ユーザ入力装置。An anode electrode layer and a cathode electrode layer are configured integrally with a display device configured by laminating via an insulating layer,
By applying an AC voltage for detection to one electrode layer to which a DC voltage is applied and detecting an AC current received from the other electrode layer, the plurality of transmitting electrodes and the plurality of receiving electrodes are Configure the user input area that intersects,
The non-contact type user input device according to claim 1.
Priority Applications (11)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2001151499A JP3800984B2 (en) | 2001-05-21 | 2001-05-21 | User input device |
CNB028104382A CN1320424C (en) | 2001-05-21 | 2002-05-21 | User input apparatus, computer connected to user input apparatus, method of controlling computer connected to user input apparatus, and storage medium |
EP02771738A EP1391807A4 (en) | 2001-05-21 | 2002-05-21 | User input apparatus, computer connected to user input apparatus, method of controlling computer connected to user input apparatus, and storage medium |
KR1020037015119A KR100936850B1 (en) | 2001-05-21 | 2002-05-21 | User input apparatus, computer connected to user input apparatus, and method of controlling computer connected to user input apparatus |
US10/478,541 US8773351B2 (en) | 2001-05-21 | 2002-05-21 | User input apparatus, computer connected to user input apparatus, method of controlling computer connected to user input apparatus, and storage medium |
PCT/JP2002/004875 WO2002095563A1 (en) | 2001-05-21 | 2002-05-21 | User input apparatus, computer connected to user input apparatus, method of controlling computer connected to user input apparatus, and storage medium |
US14/250,570 US9898191B2 (en) | 2001-05-21 | 2014-04-11 | User input apparatus, computer connected to user input apparatus, and control method for computer connected to user input apparatus, and storage medium |
US14/310,228 US9134840B2 (en) | 2001-05-21 | 2014-06-20 | User input apparatus, computer connected to user input apparatus, and control method for computer connected to user input apparatus, and storage medium |
US14/533,524 US20150054787A1 (en) | 2001-05-21 | 2014-11-05 | User input apparatus, computer connected to user input apparatus, and control method for computer connected to user input apparatus, and storage medium |
US14/823,919 US10140016B2 (en) | 2001-05-21 | 2015-08-11 | User input apparatus, computer connected to user input apparatus, and control method for computer connected to user input apparatus, and storage medium |
US16/189,419 US10671280B2 (en) | 2001-05-21 | 2018-11-13 | User input apparatus, computer connected to user input apparatus, and control method for computer connected to user input apparatus, and storage medium |
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