JP3767755B2 - Anti-JC virus antibody - Google Patents

Anti-JC virus antibody Download PDF

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JP3767755B2
JP3767755B2 JP22335895A JP22335895A JP3767755B2 JP 3767755 B2 JP3767755 B2 JP 3767755B2 JP 22335895 A JP22335895 A JP 22335895A JP 22335895 A JP22335895 A JP 22335895A JP 3767755 B2 JP3767755 B2 JP 3767755B2
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JPH0967397A (en
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直人 青木
眞由美 森
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Eisai Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/08Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses
    • C07K16/081Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses from DNA viruses
    • C07K16/084Papovaviridae, e.g. papillomavirus, polyomavirus, SV40, BK virus, JC virus
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    • C12N2710/22022New viral proteins or individual genes, new structural or functional aspects of known viral proteins or genes

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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はJCウイルスの診断や予防・治療に有効な抗JCウイルス抗体に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
〈発明の背景〉
かつては、免疫不全患者でまれにしか見ることのできなかった進行性多巣性白質脳症(PML:Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy)が、近年の後天性免疫不全症候群(AIDS:Acquired immune deficiency syndrome)の発生の増加と共に増えてきている。
PMLは脳神経組織の脱ミエリン病理像を特徴とし、その原因はJCウイルス(JCV:JC polyomavirus)の感染によりミエリン生成細胞である寡突起神経膠細胞(oligodendrocyte)が損傷をうけることに起因すると考えられている。また最近では痴呆症の原因の一部としてJCVとの関係が指摘されている。
【0003】
JCVは、ヒトのDNAウイルスでパポーバウイルス科ポリオーマウイルス属の一種で、幼・小児期に過半数の人が感染し一生の持続感染を起こす。
FrisqueらはPML患者の脳組織よりJCV(Mad-1株)を分離し、このウイルスのDNA配列などを解析したところ、polyomavirusであるBKウイルス(BKV)やSV40とその構造が類似し、DNA配列、アミノ酸配列とも高いホモロジーを有していることを報告している(Frisque,R.J.et al.,J.Virol.,51,458-469,1984)。
【0004】
これまでに、脳組織中に存在するJCVを同定するために、多くの方法が応用・検討されてきた。
近年PMLの診断法はコンピュータ断層撮影(CT:Computed tomography)や磁気共鳴映像法(MRI:Magnetic resonance imaging)などの技術の発達により大きく進歩したが、PMLの確定診断には脳組織中のJCVの存在を証明する必要があり、患者の血中の抗JCV抗体の検査の他、脳組織からのJCVそのものの確認のため、DNA解析、抗JCV抗体を用いる抗原の検出・免疫組織染色法など様々な方法が試みられている(E.O.Major et al.,Clin. Microbiol. Rev.,5,49-73,1992)。
【0005】
これらの診断法のうち、サザンブロット解析法やin situハイブリダイゼイション法などによるDNA解析手法は、特異性、感度、擬陽性の頻度などが原因で、解析データが変化するなど、信頼性・簡便性の観点から問題があると考えられている。
一方免疫組織化学的手法は簡便で信頼性のある方法であるが、JCVの構成タンパク質のアミノ酸配列がBKVやSV40のそれと高い相同性を有するゆえ、使用する抗体の特異性がその信頼性を左右する重要なポンイトとなる。
【0006】
〈従来の技術〉
Knowlesらは分離したJCVをマウスに免疫し、抗JCVモノクロナール抗体を初めて作成した(W.A.Knowels et al.,J.Med.Viol.,34,127-131,1991)。
Bollagらも同様に、JCV株をマウスに免疫し、JCVのlarge T protein・small t proteinに反応性を有し、BKVおよびSV40のそれとは反応性を有しないモノクロナール抗体(monoclonal antibody) Pab2000を作成した(B.Bollag et al.,Virus Res.,25,223-239,1992)。
ここでlarge T proteinやsmall t proteinはT抗原と呼ばれ、パポーバウイルスおよびアデノウイルスなどDNA型腫瘍ウイルスの遺伝子産物で、細胞の形態学的あるいは造腫瘍性トランスフォーメーションに寄与するタンパク質の総称である。それぞれのウイルスはlarge T、small tなどの2〜3種のT抗原を有している。
次にStonerらはJCVのキャプシド(頭殻)タンパク質に対して家兎ポリクロナール抗体を作成し、抗T proteinモノクロナール抗体とこの抗キャプシドタンパク質ポリクロナール抗体を用いて、免疫組織化学的二重染色を行い、PML患者脳組織切片で陽性を示したと報告している(G.L.Stoner et al.,J.Neuroimmunol.,19,223-236,1988)。
このように、免疫学的組織染色を利用した診断については、T抗原を抗原として用いたものや、ポリオーマウイルスキャプシド抗原を用いたものが開示されている。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
以上のように免疫学的組織染色によってJCV抗原を検出しようとする試みがなされてきたが、1)ポリクロナール抗体または高力価のヒト血清を使用するとJCVとウイルスの性状が酷似するBKVなどと交差反応を起こしてしまうこと、2)また、一般的にポリクロナール抗体は、同一抗原の複数の抗原決定基と反応するため強い親和性(染色性)を示すが、モノクロナール抗体は抗原の一つの抗原決定基と特異的に反応するため、ポリクロナール抗体に比較すると親和性は低いことなどから、実際に免疫組織化学的染色を行う上で、特異性を高めようとすれば染色性が得られず、染色性を高めようとすれば特異性が得られないという問題があった。
【0008】
Knowlesらの作成した抗体はJCVに対し強く反応するもののBKVにも弱いながら反応し、特異性の点で満足しえるものではなかった。Bollagらの作成した抗体はT抗原の一部のみを認識するため、検出できるのはT抗原のサブポピュレイション(Subpopulation)だけであり、臨床応用には不十分であった。
また、これらのモノクロナール抗体は上述のように、実際の組織染色性の低さなどの点からも臨床応用には十分ではなかった。
Stonerらの作成した抗キャプシドタンパク質ポリクロナール抗体は、JCVのみならず、BKVやSV40とも反応し特異性がなく、JCVの検出などには使用できない。
【0009】
さらに以下のような問題もあった。通常、生体組織はホルマリン固定パラフィン埋設により機械的に保存されているが、従来の抗体では、ホルマリン固定パラフィン埋設組織切片では染色しえなかった(G.L.Stoner et al.,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,83,2271-2275,1986)ためアセトン固定組織を用いていたが、アセトン固定では組織的に不安定であり、ホルマリン固定パラフィン埋設組織で染色しえないのが大きな欠点となっていた。
また、従来作成された抗体は感染細胞を培養し、そこから抽出した抗原を用いているため、正常な脳組織と交差反応を生じる可能性を除去することができなかった。
本発明者等はこれらの問題点を解決すべく抗JCV抗体について鋭意研究した結果、BKVやSV40とは反応せず、組織染色性に優れる抗JCV抗体を見出し本発明を完成した。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
すなわち、本発明は、JCウイルスのVP−1タンパク質の一部である配列番号1、配列番号2または配列番号3記載のペプチド断片を抗原として得られた抗JCウイルス抗体、詳細に述べればJCウイルスのVP−1タンパク質の一部であるLys Ser Ile Ser Ile Ser Asp Thr Phe Glu(配列番号1)、Lys Ser Ile Ser Ile Ser Asp Thr Phe Glu Ser Asp Ser Pro Asn Arg Asp Met(配列番号2)、またはVal His Ser Asn Gly Gln Ala Thr His Asp Asn Gly Ala Gly Lys Pro Val Gln Gly Thr(配列番号3)のペプチド断片を抗原として得られた抗JCウイルス抗体であり、さらにBKウイルスと交差反応を起こさないことを特徴とするJCウイルスのVP−1タンパク質の一部である配列番号1記載のペプチド断片を抗原として得られた抗JCウイルス抗体、およびこれらの抗JCウイルス抗体を含有するJCウイルス検出試薬に関する。
【0011】
【発明の実施形態】
以下に本発明を詳細に説明する。
抗原としてはJCVのキャプシドを構成するVP−1タンパク質の部分ペプチドを用いた。なぜなら、T抗原はウイルスの感染初期(DNA合成開始前)に合成される初期タンパク質であり、これを抗原とする抗体(Pab2000など)を用いるよりもウイルスが活性化し、増殖するときに生合成される後期構造タンパク質のキャプシドを抗原として調製した抗体の方が、疾患の発症とあいまって正確にウイルスの活性化を判断することができると考えられるからである。
この抗原ペプチドの選定は以下のように行った。
JCVのVP−1タンパク質は354個のアミノ酸からなり、そのアミノ酸配列はBKVのVP−1タンパク質と78%の相同性をもっている。それゆえJCV特異的抗体を調製するためにBKVと相同性の低い3つの範囲を抗原ペプチドとした(表1参照)。
【0012】
【表1】

Figure 0003767755
〔表中「・」はJCVとBKVで異なるアミノ酸残基部を示し、「*」はJCVとBKVで同一のアミノ酸残基部を示す。〕
【0013】
ペプチド#1(配列番号1)は60Lysから69Glu(Lys Ser Ile Ser Ile Ser Asp Thr Phe Glu)の10残基で、対応するBKVペプチドと2つの共通アミノ酸を有する。ペプチド#2(配列番号2)は60Lysから77Met(Lys Ser Ile Ser Ile Ser Asp Thr Phe Glu Ser Asp Ser Pro Asn Arg Asp Met)の18残基で、末端の10残基がペプチド#1とオーバーラップしており、対応するBKVペプチドと比較すると8つの共通アミノ酸を有する。ペプチド#3(配列番号3)は121Valから140Thr(Val His Ser Asn Gly Gln Ala Thr His Asp Asn Gly Ala Gly Lys Pro Val Gln Gly Thr)の20残基で、対応するBKVペプチドと9つの共通アミノ酸を有する。これらのペプチド配列は、以前から報告されているコンピュータープログラムから予測される抗原性も考慮して選択した(Hopp and Woods,PNAS USA,78,3824,1981;Hopp,Methods in Enzymol.,178,571,1989;Chou and Fasman,Ann Rev Biochem,47,251,1978;Krch'n et al.,Methods in Enzymol.,178,586,1989;Westhof et al.,Nature,311,123,1984;Tainer et al.,Nature,312,127,1984;Karplus and Schulz,Naturwissenschaften,72,212,1985)。さらに、その合成にあたっては、高い抗原性を示すことが期待されるTam JPによって開発されたMAP系(Maltiple antigen peptide system)を使用して行った(Tam JP,Synthetic Peptide:Approaches to Biological Problems,p3-18,1989;Tam JP,PNAS USA,85,5409,1988;Tam et al.,J.Exp.Med.,171,299,1990;Tam and Lu.,PNAS USA,86,9084,1989)。それぞれのペプチド断片の合成は常法により、ペプチドシンセサイザーを用いて行った。
【0014】
抗体の調製は、上記のように合成したペプチド#1〜3を抗原として、常法により行った。
この結果得られた抗体は、JCV感染細胞およびPML患者の脳組織で優れた免疫学的組織染色性を示した。特に上記ペプチド#1を抗原として得られた抗体は、JCVにのみ反応し、BKV,SV40と交差反応を生じなかった。また、ペプチド#2,3を抗原として得られた抗体は、JCVのみならずBKVとも反応するがSV40とは反応しなかった。従って、BKV特異的な抗体とこれらの抗体を併用することによりJCVの感染であるかBKVの感染であるかの判断が可能となる。
また、従来のように感染細胞抽出物を抗原とせず、短いポリペプチド断片を抗原に用いているため、JCVとの特異性が高く正常脳組織などとは交差反応を生じない。
【0015】
本発明抗体は特に染色性に優れ、当該抗体によれば通常用いられているホルマリン固定パラフィン埋設組織でも、免疫組織化学的検定に利用することができ、JCV感染症、例えばPMLや痴呆症などの確定診断が可能となる。また、キャプシドタンパク質の一部を抗原としているのでホールウイルスで診断することができ、ウイルスが活性化したときに陽性検出ができる。
さらに、本願発明抗体を中和抗体として使用することにより、JCV感染症、例えばPMLや痴呆症などを予防・治療することができ、非常に有用である。
【0016】
本願発明抗体を、予防・治療薬として使用する場合は、注射剤などとして用時調製用の凍結乾燥製剤などとすることができる。
投与量は患者の年齢、症状の程度などの条件により異なるが、例えば1mg〜10g/kg、好ましくは10mg〜1g/kg、さらに好ましくは50mg〜500mg/kgであるが、この範囲には特に限定されず目的とする薬理効果を発揮するのに必要な量を配合すればよい。
本発明に係る予防・治療剤の剤型は本発明の目的を達成できる限り特に限定されないが、通常用いられる方法により、注射剤,輸液などの液体剤、軟膏剤,クリーム剤,ゲルなどの半固形製剤、錠剤,カプセル剤,坐剤などの固形剤、その他ソフトカプセル、リポソームの他、徐放性の製剤などとすることができる。
以上のような製剤を調製するためには、上記成分の他に、一般に医薬品製剤の原料として用いられる成分を配合して目的とする剤形にすることができる。また、必要に応じて、防腐剤、抗酸化剤などを添加することができる。
【0017】
本発明抗体は、ヒト,マウス,家兎の他あらゆる動物などにも応用可能であり、本発明の目的を達成しうる限り、抗体の部分構造、例えば(Fab')2やFab部分だけでも構わない。本発明抗体を診断に応用する場合は、通常使用されている、例えばELISA(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)法などに応用が可能である。
【0018】
【実施例】
以下に実施例により本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0019】
実施例1.抗体の調製
前述のように設計し常法により製造したペプチド#1:Lys Ser Ile Ser Ile Ser Asp Thr Phe Glu(配列番号1)、ペプチド#2:Lys Ser Ile Ser Ile Ser Asp Thr Phe Glu Ser Asp Ser Pro Asn Arg Asp Met(配列番号2)およびペプチド#3:Val His Ser Asn Gly Gln Ala Thr His Asp Asn Gly Ala Gly Lys Pro Val Gln Gly Thr(配列番号3)のそれぞれのペプチド断片に対する抗体は2匹の家兎(日本白色種)を使用して調製した。まず、0日目に、免疫前血清の力価測定用血液をサンプリングした後、家兎に200μgのペプチドを完全フロイントアジュバント(CFA:complete Freund's adjuvant)と共に皮下に注入した。次いで14,28および42日目に100μgのペプチドと不完全フロイントアジュバント(IFA:incomplete Freund's adjuvant)を皮下に注入した。
49日目に注入したペプチドに対する抗体を含む血液サンプルが得られた。さらに56日目に100mgのIFAを皮下に注入し、63日目に家兎から高力価抗体を含む30から50mlの血清を得た。
血清の力価検定はELISA法によって、抗体を得るときに使用したペプチド断片に対して行った。ペプチド#1,#2および#3を抗原として得られた抗体は、それぞれJCAb1,JCAb2およびJCAb3とした。
【0020】
実施例2.抗体による組織の免疫学的染色
(実験方法)
これらの抗体の特異性は、JCVおよびBKV感染培養細胞並びにPML患者の脳組織を免疫学的に染色することにより決定した。
JCV感染IMR32細胞,BKV感染293細胞およびSV40感染IMR32細胞をカバーグラス上で培養しアセトンで固定した後、使用するまで−80℃で保存した。対象としてホルマリン固定したPML患者の脳組織のパラフィン埋設断片を使用した。
これらの細胞の免疫学的染色には、LSABキット(Dako社)および上述の高力価血清を50倍希釈の第一抗体として使用した。
【0021】
(結果)
JCV感染IMR32細胞をJCAb1,2および3で染色すると、3−4%の細胞の核が染色された。この結果は、これらの細胞について以前報告された結果を支持するものである。また、JCV感染細胞の細胞質は染色されなかった。
BKV感染293細胞をJCAb2および3で染色すると、数%の細胞の核が染色されたが、JCAb1では染色されなかった。また、BKV感染細胞においても細胞質は染色されなかった。
SV40感染IMR32細胞をJCAb1,2および3で染色しても、どの抗体でも染色はみられなかった。
今回のホルマリン固定パラフィン埋設したPML患者脳組織のJCAb1,2および3での免疫学的組織染色の結果は、PML患者脳組織においてJCVが特定の部分に集中するという報告と一致しており、オリゴデンドロサイト(oligodendrocytes:寡突起神経膠細胞)と幾つかのアストロサイト(astrocytes:神経膠星状細胞)では典型的な核の染色が見られた。
また、コントロールとしてウイルスに感染していないIMR32細胞,293細胞でも染色を試みたが、染色はみられなかった。
上記の実験の結果を以下の表2にまとめて示す。
【0022】
【表2】
Figure 0003767755
〔表中、(+)は免疫学的に染色されたことを、(−)は染色されなかったことをそれぞれ示す。併せて、染色の様子を図面代用写真で示す。〕
【0023】
JCAb1は特異的にJCV感染細胞と反応し(図1)、BKV感染細胞およびSV40感染細胞とは交差反応を生じなかった(図4,7)。
JCAb2および3はSV40感染細胞とは反応しなかったが、JCVおよびBKV感染細胞と反応した(図2,3,5,6)。
また、JCAb1〜3のどの抗体もPML脳組織と反応し(図8,9,10)、コントロールとした未感染細胞とは反応しなかった(図11,12)。また、非感染家兎血清とJCAb1は反応しなかった。
【0024】
実施例3.希釈抗体によるPML感染脳組織の免疫学的染色
(実験方法)
実施例2の方法にならい、段階的に希釈したJCAb1を用いてPML患者の脳組織を免疫学的に染色した。対照として正常家兎血清を用いた。
(結果)
上記の実験の結果を以下の表3にまとめて示す。
【0025】
【表3】
Figure 0003767755
〔表中、*は高バックグラウンド下での測定であることを、NDは実施しなかったことをそれぞれ示す。〕
【0026】
JCAb1は1:5から1:2500倍の希釈で陽性細胞を認めた。正常家兎血清は1:5、1:2500倍では陰性であった。
【0027】
実施例4.希釈抗体によるJCV感染細胞及びBKV感染細胞の免疫学的染色
(実験方法)
実施例3の方法と同様にして、段階的に希釈したJCAb1を用いてJCV感染細胞及びBKV感染細胞を免疫学的に染色した。対照として正常家兎血清を用いた。
(結果)
上記の実験の結果を以下の表4にまとめて示す。
【0028】
【表4】
Figure 0003767755
〔表中、*は高バックグラウンド下での測定であることを、NDは実施しなかったことをそれぞれ示す。〕
【0029】
JCAb1は高濃度下(1:5)でもBKVに交差反応を示さなかった。
以上のように本願発明にかかるJCAb1,JCAb2およびJCAb3は、ホルマリン固定パラフィン埋設した組織でも反応し、臨床応用可能な十分な免疫学的組織染色性を示すためJCVの確定診断に有用である。特に、JCAb1はBKVやSV40とは反応せずに、特異的にJCVと反応するためJCVの検出試薬として有用である。
また、これらの抗体はJCVに特異的に反応するため、抗JCV抗体としてJCVが引き起こす感染症、例えばPMLや痴呆症などの予防・診断・治療薬としても有用である。
【0030】
【配列表】
Figure 0003767755
【0031】
Figure 0003767755
【0032】
Figure 0003767755
【0033】
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】生物の形態を示す図面の代用写真であり、具体的にはJCAb1で免疫学的に染色したJCV感染IMR32細胞の組織学的構造を示す写真である。
【図2】生物の形態を示す図面の代用写真であり、具体的にはJCAb2で免疫学的に染色したJCV感染IMR32細胞の組織学的構造を示す写真である。
【図3】生物の形態を示す図面の代用写真であり、具体的にはJCAb3で免疫学的に染色したJCV感染IMR32細胞の組織学的構造を示す写真である。
【図4】生物の形態を示す図面の代用写真であり、具体的にはJCAb1で免疫学的に染色したBKV感染293細胞の組織学的構造を示す写真である。
【0034】
【図5】生物の形態を示す図面の代用写真であり、具体的にはJCAb2で免疫学的に染色したBKV感染293細胞の組織学的構造を示す写真である。
【図6】生物の形態を示す図面の代用写真であり、具体的にはJCAb3で免疫学的に染色したBKV感染293細胞の組織学的構造を示す写真である。
【図7】生物の形態を示す図面の代用写真であり、具体的にはJCAb1で免疫学的に染色したSV40感染IMR32細胞の組織学的構造を示す写真である。
【図8】生物の形態を示す図面の代用写真であり、具体的にはJCAb1で免疫学的に染色したPML感染脳組織の組織学的構造を示す写真である。
【0035】
【図9】生物の形態を示す図面の代用写真であり、具体的にはJCAb2で免疫学的に染色したPML感染脳組織の組織学的構造を示す写真である。
【図10】生物の形態を示す図面の代用写真であり、具体的にはJCAb3で免疫学的に染色したPML感染脳組織の組織学的構造を示す写真である。
【図11】生物の形態を示す図面の代用写真であり、具体的にはJCAb1で免疫学的に染色した非感染IMR32細胞の組織学的構造を示す写真である。
【図12】生物の形態を示す図面の代用写真であり、具体的にはJCAb1で免疫学的に染色した非感染293細胞の組織学的構造を示す写真である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an anti-JC virus antibody effective for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of JC virus.
[0002]
[Prior art]
<Background of the invention>
In the past, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), which was rarely seen in immunocompromised patients, has been the cause of the recent acquisition of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Increasing with increase.
PML is characterized by demyelin pathology of cranial nerve tissue, which is thought to be caused by damage to myelin-producing oligodendrocytes by infection with JC virus (JCV: JC polyomavirus). ing. Recently, a relationship with JCV has been pointed out as part of the cause of dementia.
[0003]
JCV is a human DNA virus that belongs to the family of polyomaviruses of the family Paporaviridae, and a majority of people infect children during childhood and childhood and cause persistent infections throughout their lives.
Frisque et al. Isolated JCV (Mad-1 strain) from brain tissue of PML patients and analyzed the DNA sequence of this virus. The structure was similar to that of polyomavirus BK virus (BKV) and SV40. It has also been reported that the amino acid sequence has high homology (Frisque, RJ et al., J. Virol., 51 , 458-469, 1984).
[0004]
So far, many methods have been applied and studied in order to identify JCV present in brain tissue.
In recent years, diagnostic methods for PML have greatly advanced due to the development of techniques such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but for the definitive diagnosis of PML, JCV in brain tissue In addition to examining anti-JCV antibodies in patient blood, DNA analysis, antigen detection using anti-JCV antibodies, immunohistochemical staining methods, etc. Various methods have been tried (EOMajor et al., Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 5 , 49-73, 1992).
[0005]
Among these diagnostic methods, DNA analysis methods such as Southern blot analysis and in situ hybridization methods are reliable and simple because analysis data changes due to specificity, sensitivity, and frequency of false positives. It is thought that there is a problem from the viewpoint of sex.
On the other hand, the immunohistochemical method is a simple and reliable method. However, since the amino acid sequence of the constituent protein of JCV is highly homologous to that of BKV or SV40, the specificity of the antibody used affects its reliability. Become an important ponit.
[0006]
<Conventional technology>
Knowles et al. Immunized mice with isolated JCV and first produced anti-JCV monoclonal antibodies (WAKnowels et al., J. Med. Viol., 34 , 127-131, 1991).
Similarly, Bollag et al. Immunized mice with the JCV strain, and reacted with the monoclonal antibody Pab2000, which is reactive to JCV large T protein and small t protein, but not BKV and SV40. (B. Bollag et al., Virus Res., 25 , 223-239, 1992).
Here, large T protein and small t protein are called T antigens, which are gene products of DNA-type tumor viruses such as papovavirus and adenovirus, and are generic names for proteins that contribute to morphological or tumorigenic transformation of cells. Each virus has 2-3 types of T antigens such as large T and small t.
Next, Stoner et al. Produced rabbit polyclonal antibody against the capsid protein of JCV, and performed immunohistochemical double staining using anti-T protein monoclonal antibody and this anti-capsid protein polyclonal antibody. Reported positive in PML patient brain tissue sections (GLStoner et al., J. Neuroimmunol., 19 , 223-236, 1988).
Thus, about the diagnosis using immunological tissue staining, those using T antigen as an antigen and those using polyomavirus capsid antigen are disclosed.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Attempts have been made to detect JCV antigens by immunohistochemical staining as described above. 1) When polyclonal antibodies or high-titer human sera are used, JCV and BKV, which have very similar virus characteristics, intersect. 2) In general, polyclonal antibodies react with a plurality of antigenic determinants of the same antigen, and thus exhibit strong affinity (staining properties). Monoclonal antibodies are one antigen Since it reacts specifically with determinants, its affinity is low compared to polyclonal antibodies, so when actually performing immunohistochemical staining, if you try to increase specificity, staining will not be obtained, There was a problem that specificity could not be obtained if it was attempted to increase the dyeability.
[0008]
Although the antibody produced by Knowles et al. Reacted strongly with JCV, it reacted with BKV although it was weak, and was not satisfactory in terms of specificity. Since the antibody produced by Bollag et al. Recognizes only a part of the T antigen, only T antigen subpopulation can be detected, which is insufficient for clinical application.
In addition, as described above, these monoclonal antibodies are not sufficient for clinical application from the viewpoint of low actual tissue staining.
The anti-capsid protein polyclonal antibody prepared by Stoner et al. Reacts not only with JCV, but also with BKV and SV40, has no specificity, and cannot be used for detection of JCV.
[0009]
There were also the following problems. Normally, biological tissue is mechanically preserved by embedding formalin-fixed paraffin, but conventional antibodies could not be stained on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections (GLStoner et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 83 , 2271-2275, 1986), acetone-fixed tissue was used. However, acetone-fixed tissue was unstable in structure, and it was a major drawback that it could not be stained with formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue.
Moreover, since the antibody produced conventionally culture | cultivates an infected cell and uses the antigen extracted from there, the possibility of producing a cross reaction with normal brain tissue was not able to be removed.
As a result of intensive studies on the anti-JCV antibody to solve these problems, the present inventors have found an anti-JCV antibody that does not react with BKV or SV40 and has excellent tissue staining properties, and has completed the present invention.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the present invention relates to an anti-JC virus antibody obtained using a peptide fragment of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 3 which is a part of the VP-1 protein of JC virus as an antigen. Lys Ser Ile Ser Ile Ser Asp Thr Phe Glu (SEQ ID NO: 1), Lys Ser Ile Ser Ile Ser Asp Thr Phe Glu Ser Asp Ser Pro As Ar Arg Asp Met (SEQ ID NO: 2), Alternatively, it is an anti-JC virus antibody obtained using a peptide fragment of Val His Ser Asn Gly Gln Ala Thr His Asp Asn Gly Ala Gly Lys Pro Val Gln Gly Thr (SEQ ID NO: 3) as an antigen, and further cross-reacts with BK virus. An anti-JC virus antibody obtained using the peptide fragment of SEQ ID NO: 1 which is a part of the VP-1 protein of JC virus as an antigen, and a JC virus containing these anti-JC virus antibodies On the scan detection reagent.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is described in detail below.
As the antigen, a partial peptide of VP-1 protein constituting the capsid of JCV was used. This is because the T antigen is an early protein synthesized at the early stage of virus infection (before the start of DNA synthesis) and is biosynthesized when the virus is activated and proliferated rather than using an antibody (Pab2000, etc.) using this as an antigen. This is because it is considered that an antibody prepared using a capsid of a late structural protein as an antigen can accurately determine virus activation in combination with the onset of a disease.
Selection of this antigen peptide was performed as follows.
The JCV VP-1 protein consists of 354 amino acids, and its amino acid sequence has 78% homology with the BKV VP-1 protein. Therefore, in order to prepare JCV-specific antibodies, three regions having low homology with BKV were designated as antigen peptides (see Table 1).
[0012]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003767755
[In the table, “·” indicates a different amino acid residue part between JCV and BKV, and “*” indicates the same amino acid residue part between JCV and BKV. ]
[0013]
Peptide # 1 (SEQ ID NO: 1) has 10 residues from 60 Lys to 69 Glu (Lys Ser Ile Ser Ile Ser Asp Thr Phe Glu), and has the corresponding BKV peptide and two common amino acids. Peptide # 2 (SEQ ID NO: 2) is 18 residues from 60 Lys to 77 Met (Lys Ser Ile Ser Ile Ser Asp Thr Phe Glu Ser Asp Ser Pro Asn Arg Asp Met). It overlaps and has 8 common amino acids when compared to the corresponding BKV peptide. Peptide # 3 (SEQ ID NO: 3) is 20 residues from 121 Val to 140 Thr (Val His Ser Asn Gly Gln Ala Thr His Asp Asn Gly Ala Gly Lys Pro Val Gln Gly Thr), and has 9 commonalities with the corresponding BKV peptide. Has amino acids. These peptide sequences were selected taking into account the antigenicity predicted from previously reported computer programs (Hopp and Woods, PNAS USA, 78 , 3824, 1981; Hopp, Methods in Enzymol., 178 , 571). , 1989; Chou and Fasman, Ann Rev Biochem, 47 , 251, 1978; Krch'n et al., Methods in Enzymol., 178 , 586, 1989; Westhof et al., Nature, 311 , 123, 1984; Tainer et al., Nature, 312 , 127, 1984; Karplus and Schulz, Naturwissenschaften, 72 , 212, 1985). Furthermore, the synthesis was performed using the MAP system (Maltiple antigen peptide system) developed by Tam JP, which is expected to show high antigenicity (Tam JP, Synthetic Peptide: Approaches to Biological Problems, p3). Tam JP, PNAS USA, 85 , 5409, 1988; Tam et al., J. Exp. Med., 171 , 299, 1990; Tam and Lu., PNAS USA, 86 , 9084, 1989). Each peptide fragment was synthesized by a conventional method using a peptide synthesizer.
[0014]
The antibody was prepared by a conventional method using the peptides # 1 to # 3 synthesized as described above as antigens.
The antibody obtained as a result showed excellent immunological tissue staining in JCV-infected cells and brain tissue of PML patients. In particular, the antibody obtained using the peptide # 1 as an antigen reacted only with JCV and did not cause a cross reaction with BKV and SV40. Moreover, the antibody obtained using peptide # 2 or 3 as an antigen reacted with BKV as well as JCV, but did not react with SV40. Therefore, by using these antibodies together with BKV-specific antibodies, it is possible to determine whether the infection is JCV or BKV.
In addition, since an infected cell extract is not used as an antigen and a short polypeptide fragment is used as an antigen as in the past, it has a high specificity with JCV and does not cause a cross reaction with normal brain tissue.
[0015]
The antibody of the present invention is particularly excellent in stainability. According to the antibody, even formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues that are usually used can be used for immunohistochemical assays, and can be used for JCV infections such as PML and dementia. A definitive diagnosis is possible. In addition, since a part of the capsid protein is used as an antigen, it can be diagnosed with a whole virus, and positive detection can be performed when the virus is activated.
Furthermore, by using the antibody of the present invention as a neutralizing antibody, JCV infections such as PML and dementia can be prevented and treated, which is very useful.
[0016]
When the antibody of the present invention is used as a prophylactic / therapeutic agent, it can be made into a freeze-dried preparation for use as an injection or the like.
The dose varies depending on conditions such as the age of the patient and the degree of symptoms, but is, for example, 1 mg to 10 g / kg, preferably 10 mg to 1 g / kg, more preferably 50 mg to 500 mg / kg, but this range is particularly limited. What is necessary is just to mix | blend the quantity required in order to exhibit the target pharmacological effect.
The dosage form of the preventive / therapeutic agent according to the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the object of the present invention can be achieved. Solid preparations such as solid preparations, tablets, capsules and suppositories, other soft capsules, liposomes, and sustained release preparations can be used.
In order to prepare the preparation as described above, in addition to the above ingredients, ingredients generally used as raw materials for pharmaceutical preparations can be blended to obtain a desired dosage form. Moreover, antiseptic | preservative, antioxidant, etc. can be added as needed.
[0017]
The antibody of the present invention can be applied to all animals other than humans, mice, rabbits, and the like. As long as the object of the present invention can be achieved, only a partial structure of the antibody, for example, (Fab ′) 2 or Fab portion may be used. Absent. When the antibody of the present invention is applied to diagnosis, it can be applied to a commonly used method such as ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay).
[0018]
【Example】
EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0019]
Example 1. Preparation of antibody Peptide # 1: Lys Ser Ile Ser Ile Ser Asp Thr Phe Glu (SEQ ID NO: 1), peptide # 2: Lys Ser Ile Ser Ile Ser Asp Thr Phe Glu Ser Asp Ser Pro Asn Arg Asp Met (SEQ ID NO: 2) and Peptide # 3: Each peptide fragment of Val His Ser Asn Gly Gln Ala Thr His Asp Asn Gly Ala Gly Lys Pro Val Gln Gly Thr (SEQ ID NO: 3) The antibody against was prepared using two rabbits (Japanese white species). First, on the 0th day, blood for titration measurement of serum before immunization was sampled, and then 200 μg of peptide was subcutaneously injected into rabbits together with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Then, on days 14, 28 and 42, 100 μg of peptide and incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) were injected subcutaneously.
A blood sample containing antibodies against the peptide injected on day 49 was obtained. Further, 100 mg of IFA was subcutaneously injected on day 56, and 30 to 50 ml of serum containing high titer antibody was obtained from rabbit on day 63.
The serum titer was determined by ELISA for the peptide fragments used to obtain the antibodies. Antibodies obtained using peptides # 1, # 2 and # 3 as antigens were designated as JCAb1, JCAb2 and JCAb3, respectively.
[0020]
Example 2 Immunological staining of tissues with antibodies (experimental method)
The specificity of these antibodies was determined by immunologically staining JCV and BKV infected cultured cells and brain tissue of PML patients.
JCV-infected IMR32 cells, BKV-infected 293 cells, and SV40-infected IMR32 cells were cultured on a cover glass, fixed with acetone, and stored at −80 ° C. until use. As a subject, a paraffin-embedded fragment of brain tissue of a formalin-fixed PML patient was used.
For immunological staining of these cells, the LSAB kit (Dako) and the above-mentioned high titer serum were used as a primary antibody diluted 50 times.
[0021]
(result)
When JCV-infected IMR32 cells were stained with JCAbs 1, 2 and 3, 3-4% of the cell nuclei were stained. This result supports the previously reported results for these cells. Moreover, the cytoplasm of JCV-infected cells was not stained.
When BKV-infected 293 cells were stained with JCAb2 and 3, several percent of the cell nuclei were stained, but not with JCAb1. Also, cytoplasm was not stained in BKV-infected cells.
When SV40-infected IMR32 cells were stained with JCAbs 1, 2 and 3, no staining was seen with any antibody.
The results of immunohistochemical staining with JCAb1, 2, and 3 of PML patient brain tissue embedded in formalin-fixed paraffin are consistent with the report that JCV is concentrated in specific parts of PML patient brain tissue. Dendrocytes (oligodendrocytes) and some astrocytes (astrocytes) showed typical nuclear staining.
As a control, staining was also attempted with IMR32 cells and 293 cells not infected with virus, but no staining was observed.
The results of the above experiments are summarized in Table 2 below.
[0022]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003767755
[In the table, (+) indicates immunological staining and (-) indicates no staining, respectively. At the same time, the state of the staining is shown with a drawing substitute photograph. ]
[0023]
JCAb1 specifically reacted with JCV-infected cells (FIG. 1) and did not cross-react with BKV-infected cells and SV40-infected cells (FIGS. 4 and 7).
JCAbs 2 and 3 did not react with SV40 infected cells but reacted with JCV and BKV infected cells (FIGS. 2, 3, 5, 6).
Further, any antibody of JCAb1 to 3 reacted with PML brain tissue (FIGS. 8, 9, and 10) and did not react with uninfected cells as controls (FIGS. 11 and 12). Moreover, the non-infected rabbit serum and JCAb1 did not react.
[0024]
Example 3 Immunological staining of PML-infected brain tissue with diluted antibody (experimental method)
According to the method of Example 2, the brain tissue of PML patients was immunologically stained using JCAb1 diluted in stages. Normal rabbit serum was used as a control.
(result)
The results of the above experiments are summarized in Table 3 below.
[0025]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003767755
[In the table, * indicates measurement under high background, and ND indicates that the measurement was not performed. ]
[0026]
JCAb1 showed positive cells at a dilution of 1: 5 to 1: 2500 times. Normal rabbit serum was negative at 1: 5 and 1: 2500 times.
[0027]
Example 4 Immunological staining of JCV-infected cells and BKV-infected cells with diluted antibody (experimental method)
In the same manner as in Example 3, JCV-infected cells and BKV-infected cells were immunologically stained using serially diluted JCAb1. Normal rabbit serum was used as a control.
(result)
The results of the above experiments are summarized in Table 4 below.
[0028]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003767755
[In the table, * indicates measurement under high background, and ND indicates that the measurement was not performed. ]
[0029]
JCAb1 showed no cross-reactivity with BKV even at high concentrations (1: 5).
As described above, JCAb1, JCAb2, and JCAb3 according to the present invention are useful for definitive diagnosis of JCV because they react even in tissues embedded with formalin-fixed paraffin and exhibit sufficient immunological tissue staining that can be applied clinically. In particular, JCAb1 is useful as a detection reagent for JCV because it reacts specifically with JCV without reacting with BKV or SV40.
Further, since these antibodies react specifically with JCV, they are useful as anti-JCV antibodies as preventive / diagnostic / therapeutic agents for infectious diseases caused by JCV, such as PML and dementia.
[0030]
[Sequence Listing]
Figure 0003767755
[0031]
Figure 0003767755
[0032]
Figure 0003767755
[0033]
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a substitute photograph of a drawing showing the morphology of a living organism, specifically a photograph showing the histological structure of JCV-infected IMR32 cells immunologically stained with JCAb1.
FIG. 2 is a substitute photograph of a drawing showing the morphology of a living organism, specifically a photograph showing the histological structure of JCV-infected IMR32 cells immunologically stained with JCAb2.
FIG. 3 is a substitute photograph of a drawing showing the morphology of a living organism, specifically a photograph showing the histological structure of JCV-infected IMR32 cells immunologically stained with JCAb3.
FIG. 4 is a substitute photograph of a drawing showing the morphology of an organism, specifically a photograph showing the histological structure of BKV-infected 293 cells immunologically stained with JCAb1.
[0034]
FIG. 5 is a substitute photograph of a drawing showing the morphology of an organism, specifically a photograph showing the histological structure of BKV-infected 293 cells immunologically stained with JCAb2.
FIG. 6 is a substitute photograph of a drawing showing the morphology of a living organism, specifically a photograph showing a histological structure of BKV-infected 293 cells immunologically stained with JCAb3.
FIG. 7 is a substitute photograph of a drawing showing the morphology of a living organism, specifically a photograph showing the histological structure of SV40-infected IMR32 cells immunologically stained with JCAb1.
FIG. 8 is a substitute photograph of a drawing showing the morphology of a living organism, specifically a photograph showing the histological structure of a PML-infected brain tissue immunologically stained with JCAb1.
[0035]
FIG. 9 is a substitute photograph of a drawing showing the morphology of a living organism, specifically a photograph showing the histological structure of PML-infected brain tissue immunologically stained with JCAb2.
FIG. 10 is a substitute photograph of a drawing showing the morphology of a living organism, specifically a photograph showing the histological structure of a PML-infected brain tissue immunologically stained with JCAb3.
FIG. 11 is a substitute photograph of a drawing showing the morphology of a living organism, specifically a photograph showing the histological structure of uninfected IMR32 cells immunologically stained with JCAb1.
FIG. 12 is a substitute photograph of a drawing showing the morphology of a living organism, specifically a photograph showing the histological structure of non-infected 293 cells immunologically stained with JCAb1.

Claims (5)

JCウイルスのVP−1タンパク質の一部である配列番号1記載のペプチド断片を抗原として得られた抗JCウイルス抗体。An anti-JC virus antibody obtained using the peptide fragment of SEQ ID NO: 1 which is a part of the VP-1 protein of JC virus as an antigen. JCウイルスのVP−1タンパク質の一部である配列番号2記載のペプチド断片を抗原として得られた抗JCウイルス抗体。An anti-JC virus antibody obtained using the peptide fragment of SEQ ID NO: 2 which is a part of the VP-1 protein of JC virus as an antigen. JCウイルスのVP−1タンパク質の一部である配列番号3記載のペプチド断片を抗原として得られた抗JCウイルス抗体。An anti-JC virus antibody obtained using the peptide fragment of SEQ ID NO: 3 which is a part of the VP-1 protein of JC virus as an antigen. BKウイルス抗原と交差反応を起こさないことを特徴とする請求項1記載の抗JCウイルス抗体。2. The anti-JC virus antibody according to claim 1, which does not cross-react with the BK virus antigen. 請求項1ないし4記載の抗JCウイルス抗体を含有するJCウイルス検出試薬。A JC virus detection reagent comprising the anti-JC virus antibody according to claim 1.
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