JP3752264B2 - Mixed vaccine - Google Patents

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JP3752264B2
JP3752264B2 JP06177095A JP6177095A JP3752264B2 JP 3752264 B2 JP3752264 B2 JP 3752264B2 JP 06177095 A JP06177095 A JP 06177095A JP 6177095 A JP6177095 A JP 6177095A JP 3752264 B2 JP3752264 B2 JP 3752264B2
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vaccine
hepatitis
rabies
mixed
virus
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JPH08231422A (en
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尭之 濱▲崎▼
邦夫 大隈
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Chemo Sero Therapeutic Research Institute Kaketsuken
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Chemo Sero Therapeutic Research Institute Kaketsuken
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

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  • Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、不活化狂犬病ウイルス抗原及び不活化A型肝炎ウイルス抗原を必須成分として含有し、さらに選択的に無毒化破傷風トキソイドまたは不活化日本脳炎ウイルス抗原のいずれかを含有することもある混合ワクチンに関するものである。本発明により得られる混合ワクチンにより、狂犬病ウイルス及びA型肝炎ウイルス、さらには破傷風菌又は日本脳炎ウイルスに対する免疫を効率的に賦与することが可能となる。
【0002】
【従来技術】
ヒトの狂犬病は、狂犬病に罹患している動物、特にイヌ、ネコなどの咬傷により感染するウイルス性疾患であり、ウイルスは咬傷部の皮下組織および筋肉内で増殖し、末梢神経から侵入して中枢神経系に到達して脳炎を起こすものであるが、発症した場合、死亡率はほとんど100%という致死率の高い疾患である。狂犬病ワクチンは、古くは動物脳で、現在では初代ニワトリ胚細胞、初代ハムスター腎細胞あるいはヒト2倍体細胞などを用いた組織培養によって狂犬病ウイルスを培養し、β−プロピオラクトン(BPL)や紫外線によって不活化後、精製・濃縮して調製されている。これらのワクチンは狂犬病ウイルスで暴露された後の治療の目的で6〜8回接種されるが、暴露前の2〜3回のワクチン接種によってもほぼ確実に発症を防ぐことができる。
狂犬病ワクチンは暴露後の治療に用いられる場合が多く、接種回数が多いために、アルミゲル沈降型ワクチンでは副反応の心配が生じ通常はアジュバントは用いられてはいない。しかしながら、予防の目的としてワクチンを用いる場合には、沈降精製百日咳ジフテリア破傷風混合ワクチンのような通常のワクチンと同様な2〜3回の接種となり、アジュバントによる副反応の心配はほとんどなく、アルミゲルなどのアジュバントにより免疫効果をより一層高めることが可能となる。
インド、タイ、中国などの狂犬病の蔓延している地域の住民にとってはもちろん、日本のように狂犬病の根絶した国々においても、狂犬病の流行している国への海外渡航者にとっては、予防のためのワクチン接種の必要性が非常に高いと考えられる。
【0003】
A型肝炎は、A型肝炎ウイルスに汚染された飲食物などの摂取により経口的に感染し、急性的に肝炎を発症する疾患である。A型肝炎ワクチンは、アフリカミドリザル腎細胞やヒトの二倍体細胞を用いた組織培養によってA型肝炎ウイルスを大量培養することで製造される。アフリカミドリザル腎細胞を用いる場合、培養したウイルスを有機溶剤処理、遠心、酵素処理、ゲル濾過などによって精製したウイルスをホルマリンなどによって不活化して調製されている。これらのワクチンは、2〜3回の接種により感染防御に充分な程度の免疫を与えることができる。さらに、アルミゲルなどのアジュバントを添加により免疫効果をより一層高めることが可能となる。
A型肝炎は世界中に広く分布しており、その浸淫度はその国の環境衛生に依存している。発展途上国では、しばしば流行が見られ予防のためのワクチンの接種が望まれており、また日本のように流行が少ない国では中高年以下の年齢層でのA型肝炎ウイルスに対する抗体保有率が低く、発展途上国など海外の浸淫地域への旅行者や赴任者にとっては、予防のためのワクチン接種が強く望まれている。
【0004】
破傷風菌は、常在菌として土壌中に広く分布し、刺傷などの外傷部位から体内に入ると、嫌気的条件下で増殖した菌の産生する毒素が神経細胞と結合し、病的症状を発揮する。ひとたび発病したら、高度医療の整った地域でも10〜20%の致命率と言われている。破傷風の予防に用いるトキソイド(ワクチン)としては、沈降破傷風トキソイドがある。本ワクチンは破傷風菌を液体培地などで培養し、除菌後硫安塩析及びイオン交換クロマトグラフィー等の精製を行いホルマリン処理により無毒化したトキソイドをアルミニウムゲルに吸着させ調製している。破傷風は感染を早期に確実に診断することは難しく、一度発症したら治癒は困難で、トキソイド接種が唯一の予防策である。ワクチンは、基礎免疫として2回、その後10年おきに追加接種すれば十分な防御レベルを維持できるので、世界中どこでも、いつでも常在な破傷風菌の感染から逃れるため、全ての人々がトキソイドの接種を受けることが必要十分条件であると言える。
【0005】
日本脳炎は、日本ではコガタアカイエカが媒介する日本脳炎ウイルスによって起こる発熱、髄膜刺激症状並びに脳炎症状を主症状とする重篤な疾病である。近年、日本での患者発生数は激減したものの西日本での発生が未だに報告される。また、日本以外の極東、東南アジア一帯にも日本脳炎は広く発生しており、ウイルス非常在性地域からこれらの常在性地域への旅行者への感染予防が必要となってきている。日本脳炎ワクチンは、日本脳炎ウイルスをマウス脳内に接種し、死亡直前に採脳して硫酸プロタミン法並びに高速遠心法等でウイルスを精製し、ホルマリンで不活化することによって得られる。予防としては、基礎免疫に1〜2週間隔で2回、追加免疫を1年後に行うことになっている。日本脳炎ワクチンの接種は、今後も海外渡航者や致命率が高いと言われる高齢者の予防のために、非常に重要である。
【0006】
【発明の解決しようとする課題】
現在、狂犬病、A型肝炎、破傷風又は日本脳炎に対するワクチンの接種はそれぞれ個別に実施されている。従って、全てのワクチン接種を望んでもその繁雑さのために、特に発展途上国においては、各ワクチン接種は充分には達成できない場合が多い。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
発明者らは、種々鋭意研究を重ねた結果、狂犬病ワクチン及びA型肝炎ワクチンを組み合わせた混合ワクチンを調製した。さらに選択的に破傷風ワクチン又は日本脳炎ワクチンのいずれかを組み合わせて3種混合ワクチンを調製した。好ましくは、不活化狂犬病ウイルス抗原、不活化A型肝炎ウイルス抗原、無毒化破傷風トキソイド及び不活化日本脳炎ウイルス抗原の最終濃度が各々5〜30μg/ml、0.05〜1.0μg/ml、2〜10Lf/ml及び10〜40μg/mlになるように混合し、これを100〜400μg/mlのアルミニウムゲルに吸着させた沈降型の混合ワクチンも調製した。さらに、これらの混合ワクチンを、発展途上国の集中する熱帯地域での使用にも耐えうるワクチンとするために、ラクトースなどの安定剤を添加して凍結乾燥を行い、凍結乾燥型の3種混合ワクチンを開発するに至った。
【0008】
【発明の効果】
本発明による混合ワクチンは、免疫原性、安定性ともに、それぞれの単味ワクチンに比べて同等以上であり、特にアルミゲルを用いた沈降型混合ワクチンでは、単味ワクチンで通常用いられている抗原量でも単味ワクチンの2倍以上の中和抗体を産生することが明らかとなった。その結果、数種のワクチンを1回の接種で行う簡便さに加えて製造コストの低減も可能となり、経済面での大きな利点が見い出された。また、当該混合ワクチンは、凍結乾燥を行なっても、力価の低下は認められず、むしろ同等以上の力価を有することが明らかとなった。従って、本発明により発展途上国の集中する熱帯地域での使用にも耐えうる混合ワクチンの提供が可能となった。
以下、本発明の実施例を記す。
【0009】
【実施例】
実施例1 不活化狂犬病ワクチン原液の調製
伝染性の疾患に感染していない7〜10日卵のニワトリ胎児を集め、頭部を取り去って残りを鋏で細切した後、 0.2%トリプシンで消化し5%コウシ血清(FBS)加YLE50mlに1×108の細胞を浮遊して、ローラーボトルで 37 ℃に培養した。翌日、PBSで1回洗浄し、さらにPBSを加えて1時間孵卵器に置いてよく洗った後、狂犬病ウイルス株の一つであるHEP Flury株をニワトリ胎児初代細胞に馴化して得られたCEF Clone Sウイルス(国立予防衛生研究所より分与)を 100倍に希釈して加え、1時間吸着後、重曹を0.4%に加えた199培地を50ml加え35℃で6日間培養した。6日目の培養液を集め、1万倍になるようにβ−プロピオラクトン(BPL)を加え1時間37℃で不活化し、再び1万倍になるようにBPLを加え1時間加温した。pHが低下した場合重曹を加えてpH7.8以上に補正した。
次に、限外濾過器で濃縮した後、高速遠心機で19,000rpm(55,000xg)、3時間遠心してウイルスを沈殿させ、この沈渣を0.01MPBSに浮遊し不活化狂犬病ワクチン原液とした。
【0010】
実施例2 不活化A型肝炎ワクチン原液の調製
ミドリザル腎由来のGL37細胞を10%FBS加MEM培地で1〜4週間培養し、細胞シートを0.05%トリプシンで消化した後遠心(1,000rpm、3分間)してその沈渣を8%FBS加MEMにて浮遊させた。A型肝炎ウイルス(HAV)をこの細胞浮遊液に接種(M.O.I=0.1)し、37℃で1時間吸着させた後、ローラーボトルで1週間培養した。なお、製造用細胞株及びウイルス株は国立予防衛生研究所より分与されたマスターセル及び種ウイルスから継代し、使用した。さらに、1週間に1回2%FBS加MEM培地で置き換え2週間培養した。培養終了後培地を除去し、1%NP40(半井化学社製)を含む可溶化液で細胞を可溶化後、遠心(3,000rpm, 30分間)により細胞を分離し、ウイルス浮遊液を得た。このウイルス浮遊液に最終濃度が7%となるようにポリエチレングリコール(PEG)6000を添加し、4℃で2〜3時間攪拌後一夜静置した。次に、遠心(5,000rpm, 30分間)により沈殿物を回収し、可溶化液を加えてホモジナイザーで沈殿物をほぐし、遠心(8,000rpm,30分間)により不溶性の沈殿物を除去して遠心上清を回収した。上清に等量のクロロホルムを添加し、5〜15分間攪拌してクロロホルム層を完全に分離除去した。ウイルスを含む水層に、RNaseA(シグマ社製)を最終濃度が20μg/mlとなるように添加し、37℃で1〜2時間処理した。続いて、DNaseI(宝酒造社製)を最終濃度が20〜40μg/mlになるように添加して、37℃で2〜3時間処理した。さらに、ProteinaseK(メルク社製)を最終濃度が50μg/mlになるように添加して、37℃で1〜2時間処理した。HAV含有酵素処理液1容に対し、1容の2.5Mリン酸バッファー(pH 7.5)と0.8容のエトキシエタノール・ブトキシエタノール(2:1 V/V)混液を加え攪拌し、遠心(2,000rpm,10分間)後、中間層(ウイルス濃縮層)を採取して0.1% Tween-80(和光純薬社製)加リン酸バッファー(pH7.2〜7.6)に懸濁した。この操作を再度繰り返した。この液をセファクリルS-400HR(ファルマシア社製)ゲルクロマトカラムに通液してゲル濾過を行い、ウイルス画分をプールし、無菌濾過したものを最終精製ウイルス液とした。この精製ウイルス液を抗原濃度が20μg/mlになるよう0.002%Tween-80加PBSで希釈し、等量の0.05%ホルマリン溶液を加え、37℃で12日間不活化したものを不活化A型肝炎ワクチン原液とした。
【0011】
実施例3 無毒化破傷風トキソイド原液の調製
国立予防衛生研究所より分与された破傷風菌毒素産生株Harvard A-47株を牛肉透析外液培地に植付け34〜37℃、5〜8日間静置培養又はタンク培養し、毒素液を得た。この毒素液を除菌ろ過した後、硫安塩析法及びイオン交換クロマトグラフィー等の方法で防御抗原である破傷風毒素を精製した。この精製毒素液にホルマリンを0.4 W/V%添加、37℃中にて抗原性を損失しない様に無毒化し、安定剤としてゼラチンを0.02 W/V%、保存剤としてチメロサールを0.01 W/V%加えたものを無毒化破傷風トキソイド原液とした。
【0012】
実施例4 不活化日本脳炎ワクチン原液の調製
日本脳炎ウイルス中山予研株又は北京株を3〜5日齢の乳のみマウス脳に2〜3代継代し、その脳乳剤の遠心上清を製造用ウイルスとした。生後3〜5週の健康なマウスの脳内にこの製造用ウイルスを接種し、脳炎症状を示した死亡直前の脳を採集した。この脳に0.010MPBS(pH8.0)を加えて磨砕し、遠心機(4,000rpm、60分間)により遠心した。この遠心上清に硫酸プロタミンを1ml当たり1.35mg添加して混和、氷水中に2時間静置した。その後、遠心機により遠心し(4,000rpm、20分間)、その上清をとり、炭末を0.8 W/V%になるように加え、氷水内で20分間かき混ぜた。この炭末処理液は、メンブランフィルターでろ過し、ろ過液をウイルス浮遊液とした。
ウイルス浮遊液にホルマリンを0.08 W/V%になるように加え、かき混ぜ、4〜5℃の冷室に約3ヶ月間保存し、ウイルスの不活化を行い、不活化が終了したものを不活化ウイルス浮遊液とした。不活化ウイルス浮遊液を限外ろ過濃縮により約1/5量にした濃縮液は、超高速遠心機により遠心(30,000rpm、60分間)、沈渣を0.010 MPBS(pH7.1)に浮遊した。この浮遊液に安定剤としてゼラチンを0.02 W/V%、ポリソルベート80を0.01 V/V%、保存剤としてホルマリンを0.005 W/V%、チメロサールを0.01 W/V%になるように加え不活化日本脳炎ワクチン原液とした。
【0013】
実施例5 各種ワクチンの調製
実施例1の狂犬病ワクチン原液を抗原価が2(5IU/ml)相当となるように0.01MPBS pH7.4で希釈し、等量のラクトース15.0%(W/V)グルタミン酸ナトリウム0.2%(W/V)、ゼラチン0.04%(W/V)加0.01MPBS(pH7.4)と混合して最終バルクを調製し、2mlバイアルに1mlずつ分注後、凍結乾燥したものを凍結乾燥狂犬病ワクチンとする。
実施例2のA型肝炎ワクチン原液を蛋白濃度が2μg/mlとなるように0.01MPBS(pH7.4)で希釈し、同様に凍結乾燥したものを凍結乾燥A型肝炎ワクチンとした。
実施例3の破傷風トキソイド原液を抗原濃度が8Lf/mlとなるように0.01MPBS(pH7.4)で希釈し、等量の400μg/ml水酸化アルミニウムゲル溶液(pH7.4)と混合したものを沈降破傷風トキソイドとした。
実施例4の日本脳炎ワクチン原液を蛋白濃度が30μg/mlとなるように0.01MPBS(pH7.4)で希釈し、日本脳炎の単味ワクチンとした。
【0014】
実施例6 凍結乾燥狂犬病・A型肝炎混合ワクチンの調製
実施例1の狂犬病ワクチン原液を抗原価が4(10 IU/ml)相当となるように、また実施例2のA型肝炎ワクチン原液を蛋白濃度が4μg/mlとなるようにそれぞれ0.01MPBS(pH7.4)で希釈し、これらの希釈液を等量混合後、さらに等量のラクトース 15.0W/V%、グルタミン酸ナトリウム 0.2W/V%、ゼラチン0.04W/V%加0.01MPBS(pH7.4)と混合して最終バルクを調製し、2mlバイアルに1mlずつ分注後、凍結乾燥したものを凍結乾燥狂犬病・A型肝炎混合ワクチンとした。
【0015】
実施例7 沈降狂犬病・A型肝炎混合ワクチンの調製
実施例1の狂犬病ワクチン原液を抗原価が4(10 IU/ml)相当となるように、また実施例2のA型肝炎ワクチン原液を蛋白濃度が4μg/mlとなるようにそれぞれ0.01MPBS(pH7.4)で希釈し、これらの希釈液を等量混合後、さらに等量の400μg/ml水酸化アルミニウムゲル溶液(pH7.4)と混合したものを沈降狂犬病・A型肝炎混合ワクチンとした。
【0016】
実施例8 沈降狂犬病・A型肝炎・破傷風混合ワクチンの調製
実施例1の狂犬病ワクチン原液を抗原価が6(15 IU/ml)相当となるように、また実施例2のA型肝炎ワクチン原液を蛋白濃度が6μg/mlとなるように、更に実施例3の破傷風トキソイド原液を抗原濃度が24Lf/mlとなるようにそれぞれ0.01MPBS(pH7.4)で希釈し、これらの希釈液を等量混合後、さらに等量の400μg/ml水酸化アルミニウムゲル溶液(pH7.4)と混合したものを沈降狂犬病・A型肝炎・破傷風混合ワクチンとした。
【0017】
実施例9 凍結乾燥沈降狂犬病・A型肝炎・破傷風混合ワクチンの調製
実施例1の狂犬病ワクチン原液を抗原価が12(30IU/ml)相当となるように、また実施例2のA型肝炎ワクチン原液を蛋白濃度が12μg/mlとなるように、更に実施例3の破傷風トキソイド原液を抗原濃度が48Lf/mlとなるようにそれぞれ0.01MPBS(pH7.4)で希釈し、これらの希釈液を等量混合する。この混合液と等量の800μg/ml水酸化アルミニウムゲル溶液(pH7.4)とを混合したものに、さらに等量のラクトース15.0W/V%、グルタミン酸ナトリウム0.2W/V%、ゼラチン0.04W/V%加0.01MPBS(pH7.4)とを混合して最終バルクを調製し、2mlバイアルに1mlずつ分注後、凍結乾燥したものを凍結乾燥沈降狂犬病・A型肝炎・破傷風混合ワクチンとした。
【0018】
実施例10 凍結乾燥狂犬病・A型肝炎・日本脳炎混合ワクチンの調製
実施例1の狂犬病ワクチン原液を抗原価が6(15 IU/ml)相当となるように、また実施例2のA型肝炎ワクチン原液を蛋白濃度が6μg/mlとなるように、更に実施例4の日本脳炎ワクチン原液を蛋白濃度が180μg/mlとなるようにそれぞれ0.01MPBS(pH7.4)で希釈し、これらの希釈液を等量混合する。この混合液と等量のラクトース15.0W/V%、グルタミン酸ナトリウム0.2W/V%、ゼラチン0.04W/V%加 0.01MPBS(pH7.4)とを混合して最終バルクを調製し、2mlバイアルに1mlずつ分注後、凍結乾燥したものを凍結乾燥狂犬病・A型肝炎・日本脳炎混合ワクチンとした。
【0019】
実施例11 凍結乾燥沈降狂犬病・A型肝炎・日本脳炎混合ワクチンの調製
実施例1の狂犬病ワクチン原液を抗原価が12(30 IU/ml)相当となるように、また実施例2のA型肝炎ワクチン原液を蛋白濃度が12μg/mlとなるように、更に実施例4の日本脳炎ワクチン原液を蛋白濃度が360μg/mlとなるようにそれぞれ0.01MPBS(pH7.4)で希釈し、これらの希釈液を等量混合する。この混合液と等量の800μg/ml水酸化アルミニウムゲル溶液(pH7.4)とを混合したものに、さらに等量のラクトース15.0W/V%、グルタミン酸ナトリウム0.2W/V%、ゼラチン0.04W/V%加0.01MPBS(pH7.4)とを混合して最終バルクを調製し、2mlバイアルに1mlずつ分注後、凍結乾燥したものを凍結乾燥沈降狂犬病・A型肝炎・日本脳炎混合ワクチンとした。
【0020】
実施例12 不活化狂犬病ワクチンの力価試験
実施例5〜11で調製した▲1▼凍結乾燥狂犬病ワクチン、▲2▼凍結乾燥狂犬病・A型肝炎混合ワクチン、▲3▼沈降狂犬病・A型肝炎混合ワクチン、▲4▼沈降狂犬病・A型肝炎・破傷風混合ワクチン、▲5▼凍結乾燥沈降狂犬病・A型肝炎・破傷風混合ワクチン、▲6▼凍結乾燥狂犬病・A型肝炎・日本脳炎混合ワクチン及び▲7▼凍結乾燥沈降狂犬病・A型肝炎・日本脳炎混合ワクチンについて、生物学的製剤基準の乾燥組織培養不活化狂犬病ワクチンの力価試験法に従い力価試験を実施した。
【0021】
力価試験は下記の通り行った。
検体及び参照不活化狂犬病ワクチン(以下「参照品」という。)をそれぞれ0.013 MPBS(pH7.0)を用いて5倍段階希釈し、それぞれの4段階を作った。体重約12gのマウス10匹以上を1群とした。各希釈に1群ずつを用い、1匹当たり0.5mlずつを2回、1週間隔で腹腔内に注射した。第1回免疫注射の2週間後に各群の動物に、1匹当たり攻撃用ウイルスCVS株浮遊液0.03mlを脳内に注射して14日間観察した。別に、10匹以上のマウスを1群とし、適当に段階希釈した攻撃用ウイルス浮遊液の各希釈に1群ずつを用い、1匹当たり0.03mlを脳内に注射して14日間観察した。これらの観察の最終日に麻ひを示す動物は死亡に算入した。攻撃用ウイルス浮遊液0.03ml中のLD50数は 10〜100でなければならない。試験の成績を統計学的に処理して比較するとき、検体の力価は参照品と同等以上でなければならない。
試験の成績は統計学的に処理して参照品との相対力価で示した。その成績を表1に示した。
【0022】
【表1】

Figure 0003752264
【0023】
表1に示したように、狂犬病ワクチンをA型肝炎ワクチン、さらにA型肝炎ワクチンと破傷風トキソイドあるいはA型肝炎ワクチンと日本脳炎ワクチンと混合することにより、単味の狂犬病ワクチンと比較して、同等以上の成績が得られた。また、アルミゲルを添加した沈降型ワクチンは液状ワクチンに比べて免疫効果が高く、同一の抗原濃度で2倍以上の免疫効果を発揮することが確認された。さらに、凍結乾燥することによっても力価の低下は認められず、むしろ同等以上の成績が得られた。
【0024】
実施例13 不活化A型肝炎ワクチンの力価試験
実施例5〜11で調製した▲1▼凍結乾燥A型肝炎ワクチン、▲2▼凍結乾燥狂犬病・A型肝炎混合ワクチン、▲3▼沈降狂犬病・A型肝炎混合ワクチン、▲4▼沈降狂犬病・A型肝炎・破傷風混合ワクチン、▲5▼凍結乾燥沈降狂犬病・A型肝炎・破傷風混合ワクチン、▲6▼凍結乾燥狂犬病・A型肝炎・日本脳炎混合ワクチン及び▲7▼凍結乾燥沈降狂犬病・A型肝炎・日本脳炎混合ワクチンについて、生物学的製剤基準の乾燥組織培養不活化A型肝炎ワクチンの力価試験法に従い、力価試験を実施した。
【0025】
力価試験の方法を以下に示す。
検体及び参照不活化A型肝炎ワクチン(以下「参照品」という。)をそれぞれ生理食塩液を用いて希釈し、対数等間隔の段階希釈を作った。生後約5週のラット5匹以上を1群とし、各希釈に1群ずつを用いた。1匹当たり1mlを1回腹腔内に注射した。免疫注射の5週後に全ての動物から採血し、血清を分けた。各血清の抗A型肝炎ウイルス抗体価を酵素抗体法、その他適当な方法で測定した。試験の成績を統計学的に処理して比較するとき、検体の力価は参照品と同等か、それ以上でなければならない。
力価試験成績は統計学的に処理して参照品との相対力価で表した。その成績を表2に示した。
【0026】
【表2】
Figure 0003752264
【0027】
表2に示したように、A型肝炎ワクチンを狂犬病ワクチン、さらに狂犬病ワクチンと破傷風トキソイドあるいは狂犬病ワクチンと日本脳炎ワクチンと混合することにより、単味のA型肝炎ワクチンと比較して同等以上の成績が得られた。また、アルミゲルを添加した沈降型ワクチンは液状ワクチンに比べて免疫効果が高く、同一の抗原濃度で2倍以上の免疫効果を発揮することが確認された。さらに、凍結乾燥することによっても力価の低下は認められず、むしろ同等以上の成績が得られた。
【0028】
実施例14 破傷風トキソイドの力価試験
実施例5、8および9で調製した▲1▼沈降破傷風トキソイド、▲2▼沈降狂犬病・A型肝炎・破傷風混合ワクチン及び▲3▼凍結乾燥沈降狂犬病・A型肝炎・破傷風混合ワクチンについて、生物学的製剤基準の沈降破傷風トキソイドの力価試験法に従い力価試験を実施した。
【0029】
力価試験の方法を以下に示す。
検体及び標準沈降破傷風トキソイド(以下「標準品」という。)をそれぞれ0.02 W/V%ゼラチン加 0.017MPBS(pH7.0)を用いて希釈し、対数的等間隔の段階希釈を作る。体重300〜400gのモルモット10匹以上を1群とした。検体及び標準品の各希釈に1群ずつを用い、1匹当たり2mlを1回皮下に注射した。免疫注射の4週間後に、それぞれのモルモットを約50LD50の毒素で攻撃して、7日間観察した。また、非免疫対照群の体重約400gのモルモット3匹以上を1群とし、その3群以上を用いて攻撃に用いた毒素のLD50数を測定するとき、その値は25〜100でなければならない。試験の成績を統計学的に処理して比較するとき、検体の力価は40国際単位以上でなければならない。
力価試験の成績は統計学的に処理して国際単位で表した。その成績を表3に示した。
【0030】
【表3】
Figure 0003752264
【0031】
表3に示したように、破傷風トキソイドを狂犬病ワクチン及びA型肝炎ワクチンと混合することにより、単味の破傷風トキソイドと比較して、高い抗体力価を示した。また、凍結乾燥することによっても力価の低下は認められず、むしろ同等以上の成績が得られた。
【0032】
実施例15 日本脳炎ワクチンの力価試験
実施例5、10及び11で調製した日本脳炎ワクチン、凍結乾燥狂犬病・A型肝炎・日本脳炎混合ワクチン及び凍結乾燥沈降狂犬病・A型肝炎・日本脳炎混合ワクチンについて、生物学的製剤基準の日本脳炎ワクチンの力価試験法に従い力価試験を実施した。
【0033】
力価試験の方法を以下に示す。
検体及び参照日本脳炎ワクチン(以下「参照品」という)をそれぞれ0.010MPBS(pH7.0〜7.2)を用いて希釈し、対数的等間隔の希釈を作った。生後約4週のマウス10匹以上を1群とし、各希釈に1群ずつを用いた。1匹当たり0.5mlを7日間隔で2回腹腔内に注射する。第2回注射の7日後に、全ての動物から採血し、血清を採り56℃30分加熱した。各群の血清を子ウシ血清加 Hanks液で適当に希釈し、希釈血清と攻撃用ウイルス浮遊液の等量を混合し、36±1℃に1.5時間置き、各混合液をそれぞれ4枚以上の内径約70mmのペトリ皿に培養したニワトリ胚細胞培養上に0.4mlずつ接種した。別に攻撃用ウイルス浮遊液と子ウシ血清加 Hanks液の等量を混合し、36±1℃に1.5時間置いたものを10枚以上の細胞培養に0.4mlずつ接種し対照とした。全てのペトリ皿を36±1℃の炭酸ガス調節ふ卵器に収め1.5時間置いた後、第一次重層寒天培地を重層して、再び炭酸ガス調節ふ卵器で2日培養した。第二次重層寒天培地を重層して、更に炭酸ガス調節ふ卵器に、1日ないし2日置いた後、全てのペトリ皿のプラック数を数えた。試験群のプラック数と対照群のプラック数を比較して、減少率を求め、各血清の中和抗体価を算出した。対照ペトリ皿の平均プラック数は50〜150でなければならない。試験の成績を統計学的に処理して比較するとき、検体の力価は参照品と同等以上でなければならない。
力価試験の成績は統計学的に処理して参照品との相対力価で表した。その成績を表4に示した。
【0034】
【表4】
Figure 0003752264
【0035】
表4に示したように、日本脳炎ワクチンを狂犬病ワクチン及びA型肝炎ワクチンと混合することにより、単味の日本脳炎ワクチンと比較して同等以上の成績が得られた。また、凍結乾燥することによっても力価の低下は認められず、むしろ同等以上の成績が得られた。さらに、アルミゲルを添加した沈降型ワクチンは液状ワクチンに比べて免疫効果が高く、同一の抗原濃度でも2倍以上の免疫効果を発揮することが確認された。
【0036】
実施例16 各種ワクチンの性状分析
実施例5〜11で調製した全てのワクチンを、25℃で3ヶ月間保存し性状観察、水素イオン濃度測定、力価試験および異常毒性否定試験を実施した。性状観察は肉眼で行い、水素イオン濃度測定および異常毒性否定試験は生物学的製剤基準に従って実施した。また力価試験は実施例12〜15の方法と同様に実施した。その成績を表5に示した。
【0037】
【表5】
Figure 0003752264
【0038】
表5に示したように、本発明により得られた混合ワクチンは、保存前と3ヶ月後において、性状、水素イオン濃度、力価及び異常毒性はほとんど変化は認められず、いずれのワクチンも安定性及び安全性に優れていることが確認された。また、実施例12〜15の成績とも考えあわせると、これらの混合ワクチンは実用性及び効果面においても優れていることが明らかにされた。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention comprises an inactivated rabies virus antigen and an inactivated hepatitis A virus antigen as essential components, and optionally a mixed vaccine that may optionally contain either a detoxified tetanus toxoid or an inactivated Japanese encephalitis virus antigen It is about. The combined vaccine obtained by the present invention can efficiently confer immunity against rabies virus and hepatitis A virus, as well as tetanus or Japanese encephalitis virus.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Human rabies is a viral disease that is transmitted by bites in animals suffering from rabies, especially dogs and cats, and the virus grows in the subcutaneous tissue and muscles of the bite, and invades from the peripheral nerves to the central nervous system. It reaches the nervous system and causes encephalitis, but when it develops, the mortality rate is almost 100%. The rabies vaccine was once used in animal brains, and now rabies virus is cultured by tissue culture using primary chicken embryo cells, primary hamster kidney cells or human diploid cells, and β-propiolactone (BPL) or ultraviolet rays. It is prepared by purifying and concentrating after inactivation. These vaccines are inoculated 6 to 8 times for the purpose of treatment after exposure to rabies virus, but the onset can be almost certainly prevented by 2-3 times of vaccination before exposure.
Rabies vaccines are often used for post-exposure treatment, and the number of inoculations is high, so there are concerns about side reactions in aluminum gel precipitated vaccines, and adjuvants are not usually used. However, when a vaccine is used for the purpose of prevention, it will be inoculated 2 to 3 times as with a normal vaccine such as precipitated purified pertussis diphtheria tetanus mixed vaccine, and there is almost no worry of side reaction due to adjuvant, such as aluminum gel The adjuvant can further enhance the immune effect.
Not only for residents in India, Thailand, China, and other regions where rabies is prevalent, but also in countries where rabies has been eradicated, such as Japan, for overseas travelers to countries where rabies is prevalent The need for vaccination is considered very high.
[0003]
Hepatitis A is a disease in which hepatitis develops acutely by infecting orally by ingestion of food and drink contaminated with hepatitis A virus. The hepatitis A vaccine is produced by mass-culturing hepatitis A virus by tissue culture using African green monkey kidney cells or human diploid cells. In the case of using African green monkey kidney cells, the cultured virus is prepared by inactivating the virus purified by organic solvent treatment, centrifugation, enzyme treatment, gel filtration, etc. with formalin or the like. These vaccines can give sufficient immunity for protection against infection by inoculation 2-3 times. Furthermore, it is possible to further enhance the immune effect by adding an adjuvant such as aluminum gel.
Hepatitis A is widely distributed throughout the world, and its infiltration depends on the environmental health of the country. In developing countries, epidemics are often seen and vaccination for prevention is desired, and in countries with few epidemics such as Japan, the antibody prevalence rate for hepatitis A virus is low in middle-aged and younger age groups. In addition, vaccination for prevention is strongly desired for travelers and dispatched persons from overseas developing countries such as developing countries.
[0004]
Tetanus bacteria are widely distributed in the soil as resident bacteria, and when they enter the body from trauma sites such as stab wounds, toxins produced by bacteria grown under anaerobic conditions combine with nerve cells and exert pathological symptoms To do. Once ill, it is said to have a fatality rate of 10-20% even in areas with advanced medical care. Examples of toxoids (vaccines) used for the prevention of tetanus include sedimentation tetanus toxoid. This vaccine is prepared by cultivating tetanus bacteria in a liquid medium, etc., sterilizing and then purifying with ammonium sulfate salting-out, ion exchange chromatography, etc. and adsorbing the toxoid detoxified by formalin treatment onto an aluminum gel. Tetanus is difficult to reliably diagnose early and is difficult to cure once it develops, and toxoid vaccination is the only preventive measure. Vaccines can be maintained twice as basic immunizations and every 10 years thereafter to maintain a sufficient level of protection, so everybody can inoculate with toxoid anywhere in the world at any time to escape from persistent tetanus infection. It can be said that it is a necessary and sufficient condition.
[0005]
Japanese encephalitis is a serious disease mainly caused by fever, meningeal irritation, and cerebral inflammation caused by Japanese encephalitis virus mediated by Culex mosquito in Japan. In recent years, although the number of cases in Japan has dropped dramatically, outbreaks in West Japan are still reported. Moreover, Japanese encephalitis has occurred widely in the Far East and Southeast Asia other than Japan, and it has become necessary to prevent infection from travelers who are in a region where viruses are resident to these resident regions. The Japanese encephalitis vaccine is obtained by inoculating the Japanese encephalitis virus into the mouse brain, collecting the brain immediately before death, purifying the virus by the protamine sulfate method and the high-speed centrifugation method, and inactivating with formalin. For prevention, basic immunization is to be performed twice every 1 to 2 weeks, and booster immunization is performed one year later. Vaccination with Japanese encephalitis vaccine is very important for the prevention of foreign travelers and elderly people who are said to have a high fatality rate.
[0006]
[Problem to be Solved by the Invention]
Currently, vaccinations against rabies, hepatitis A, tetanus or Japanese encephalitis are performed individually. Therefore, because of the complexity of desiring all vaccinations, each vaccination is often not fully achievable, especially in developing countries.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies, the inventors prepared a mixed vaccine combining a rabies vaccine and a hepatitis A vaccine. Furthermore, three types of mixed vaccines were prepared by selectively combining either tetanus vaccine or Japanese encephalitis vaccine. Preferably, the final concentrations of inactivated rabies virus antigen, inactivated hepatitis A virus antigen, detoxified tetanus toxoid and inactivated Japanese encephalitis virus antigen are 5-30 μg / ml, 0.05-1.0 μg / ml, 2-10 Lf / Precipitated type mixed vaccines were prepared by mixing them in a volume of 10 ml / ml and 10-40 μg / ml and adsorbing them to 100-400 μg / ml aluminum gel. Furthermore, in order to make these mixed vaccines resistant to use in tropical regions where developing countries are concentrated, lyophilization is performed by adding a stabilizer such as lactose, and three types of lyophilized types are mixed. It came to develop a vaccine.
[0008]
【The invention's effect】
The combined vaccine according to the present invention is equivalent to or better than each plain vaccine in both immunogenicity and stability. Particularly, in the case of a precipitated mixed vaccine using an aluminum gel, the amount of antigen usually used in the plain vaccine However, it became clear that neutralizing antibodies were produced more than twice as much as a simple vaccine. As a result, in addition to the convenience of performing several types of vaccines in a single inoculation, the manufacturing cost can be reduced, and a great economic advantage has been found. Moreover, even if freeze-drying was carried out, the said combined vaccine did not recognize the titer fall, but became clear that it has a titer more than equivalent. Therefore, the present invention has made it possible to provide a combination vaccine that can withstand use in tropical regions where developing countries are concentrated.
Examples of the present invention will be described below.
[0009]
【Example】
Example 1 Preparation of Inactivated Rabies Vaccine Stock Solution
Collect 7-10 day chick embryos that are not infected with contagious disease, remove the head and chop the rest with scissors, digest with 0.2% trypsin, and add 50% YLE with 5% calf serum (FBS). 1 × 108The cells were suspended and cultured at 37 ° C. in a roller bottle. The next day, the cells were washed once with PBS, further washed with PBS in an incubator for 1 hour, and then CEF obtained by acclimatizing HEP Flury strain, one of the rabies virus strains, with chicken embryo primary cells. Clone S virus (distributed from the National Institute of Preventive Health) was diluted 100 times, adsorbed for 1 hour, admixed with 50 ml of 199 medium supplemented with 0.4% sodium bicarbonate, and cultured at 35 ° C. for 6 days. Collect the culture solution on the 6th day and add β-propiolactone (BPL) to increase 10,000 times, inactivate at 37 ° C for 1 hour, add BPL again to increase 10,000 times, and heat for 1 hour did. When pH decreased, sodium bicarbonate was added to correct the pH to 7.8 or more.
Next, after concentrating with an ultrafilter, the virus was precipitated by centrifuging at 19,000 rpm (55,000 × g) for 3 hours in a high-speed centrifuge, and the precipitate was suspended in 0.01 M PBS to obtain an inactivated rabies vaccine stock solution.
[0010]
Example 2 Preparation of Inactivated Hepatitis A Vaccine Stock Solution
GL37 cells derived from green monkey kidney are cultured for 1 to 4 weeks in MEM medium supplemented with 10% FBS, the cell sheet is digested with 0.05% trypsin, and then centrifuged (1,000 rpm, 3 minutes), and the precipitate is added to MEM supplemented with 8% FBS. And floated. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) was inoculated into this cell suspension (M.O.I = 0.1), adsorbed at 37 ° C. for 1 hour, and then cultured in a roller bottle for 1 week. The production cell lines and virus strains were subcultured from the master cells and seed viruses distributed by the National Institute of Preventive Health. Furthermore, it was replaced with MEM medium supplemented with 2% FBS once a week and cultured for 2 weeks. After completion of the culture, the medium was removed, the cells were solubilized with a solubilizing solution containing 1% NP40 (manufactured by Hanai Chemical Co., Ltd.), and the cells were separated by centrifugation (3,000 rpm, 30 minutes) to obtain a virus suspension. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 was added to this virus suspension to a final concentration of 7%, stirred at 4 ° C. for 2 to 3 hours, and allowed to stand overnight. Next, collect the precipitate by centrifugation (5,000 rpm, 30 minutes), add a solubilizing solution, loosen the precipitate with a homogenizer, remove the insoluble precipitate by centrifugation (8,000 rpm, 30 minutes), and centrifuge. Qing was recovered. An equal amount of chloroform was added to the supernatant and stirred for 5 to 15 minutes to completely separate and remove the chloroform layer. To the aqueous layer containing the virus, RNase A (manufactured by Sigma) was added to a final concentration of 20 μg / ml and treated at 37 ° C. for 1-2 hours. Subsequently, DNase I (Takara Shuzo) was added so that the final concentration was 20 to 40 μg / ml and treated at 37 ° C. for 2 to 3 hours. Furthermore, Proteinase K (manufactured by Merck & Co.) was added so that the final concentration was 50 μg / ml and treated at 37 ° C. for 1 to 2 hours. Add 1 volume of 2.5M phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) and 0.8 volume of ethoxyethanol / butoxyethanol (2: 1 V / V) to 1 volume of HAV-containing enzyme treatment solution, stir, and centrifuge (2,000 rpm, After 10 minutes, the intermediate layer (virus concentrated layer) was collected and suspended in 0.1% Tween-80 (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries), phosphate buffer (pH 7.2 to 7.6). This operation was repeated again. This solution was passed through a Sephacryl S-400HR (Pharmacia) gel chromatography column and subjected to gel filtration. The virus fractions were pooled and subjected to aseptic filtration to obtain a final purified virus solution. This purified virus solution is diluted with PBS containing 0.002% Tween-80 to an antigen concentration of 20 μg / ml, added with an equal volume of 0.05% formalin solution, and inactivated for 12 days at 37 ° C. Inactivated hepatitis A A vaccine stock solution was prepared.
[0011]
Example 3 Preparation of Detoxified Tetanus Toxoid Stock Solution
The tetanus toxin production strain Harvard A-47 distributed by the National Institute of Preventive Health was planted in a beef dialysis external liquid culture medium at 34-37 ° C. for 5-8 days, and a toxin solution was obtained. . After sterilizing and filtering this toxin solution, tetanus toxin as a protective antigen was purified by a method such as ammonium sulfate salting-out and ion exchange chromatography. 0.4% W / V% formalin was added to this purified toxin solution, detoxified so as not to lose antigenicity at 37 ° C, 0.02 W / V% gelatin as a stabilizer, and 0.01 W / V% thimerosal as a preservative. The addition was used as a detoxified tetanus toxoid stock solution.
[0012]
Example 4 Preparation of Inactivated Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine Stock Solution
The Japanese encephalitis virus Nakayama Yoken strain or Beijing strain was passaged 2-3 times to 3-5 day-old milk only in the mouse brain, and the centrifugal supernatant of the brain emulsion was used as the virus for production. The virus for production was inoculated into the brain of a healthy mouse 3 to 5 weeks after birth, and the brain immediately before death showing brain inflammation was collected. The brain was ground by adding 0.010 M PBS (pH 8.0), and centrifuged by a centrifuge (4,000 rpm, 60 minutes). To this supernatant, 1.35 mg of protamine sulfate per ml was added and mixed, and the mixture was allowed to stand in ice water for 2 hours. Thereafter, the mixture was centrifuged with a centrifuge (4,000 rpm, 20 minutes), the supernatant was taken, charcoal powder was added to 0.8 W / V%, and the mixture was stirred in ice water for 20 minutes. This charcoal powder treatment solution was filtered with a membrane filter, and the filtrate was used as a virus suspension.
Add formalin to the virus suspension to 0.08 W / V%, stir, and store in a cold room at 4-5 ° C for about 3 months to inactivate the virus. Virus suspension was used. The concentrated solution obtained by reducing the inactivated virus suspension to about 1/5 volume by ultrafiltration concentration was centrifuged (30,000 rpm, 60 minutes) with an ultrahigh speed centrifuge, and the sediment was suspended in 0.010 MPBS (pH 7.1). Inactivated by adding 0.02 W / V% gelatin as stabilizer, 0.01 V / V% polysorbate 80, 0.005 W / V% formalin and 0.01 W / V% thimerosal as preservatives to this suspension. An encephalitis vaccine stock solution was used.
[0013]
Example 5 Preparation of various vaccines
The rabies vaccine stock solution of Example 1 was diluted with 0.01 M PBS pH 7.4 so that the antigen titer was equivalent to 2 (5 IU / ml), and an equal amount of lactose 15.0% (W / V) sodium glutamate 0.2% (W / V ), Mixed with 0.04% (W / V) gelatin 0.01M PBS (pH 7.4) to prepare the final bulk, dispense 1 ml each into a 2 ml vial, and freeze-dried to make a freeze-dried rabies vaccine.
The hepatitis A vaccine stock solution of Example 2 was diluted with 0.01 M PBS (pH 7.4) so that the protein concentration was 2 μg / ml, and freeze-dried in the same manner as a freeze-dried hepatitis A vaccine.
A tetanus toxoid stock solution of Example 3 was diluted with 0.01 M PBS (pH 7.4) so that the antigen concentration was 8 Lf / ml, and mixed with an equal amount of 400 μg / ml aluminum hydroxide gel solution (pH 7.4). It was settling tetanus toxoid.
The Japanese encephalitis vaccine stock solution of Example 4 was diluted with 0.01 M PBS (pH 7.4) so that the protein concentration was 30 μg / ml to obtain a simple vaccine for Japanese encephalitis.
[0014]
Example 6 Preparation of freeze-dried rabies / hepatitis A mixed vaccine
The rabies vaccine stock solution of Example 1 is 0.01 M PBS (pH 7) so that the antigen titer is equivalent to 4 (10 IU / ml), and the hepatitis A vaccine stock solution of Example 2 is 4 μg / ml of protein. .4) After diluting with an equal volume of these dilutions, add an equal volume of lactose 15.0 W / V%, sodium glutamate 0.2 W / V%, gelatin 0.04 W / V% and 0.01 M PBS (pH 7.4) The final bulk was prepared by dispensing 1 ml each into a 2 ml vial, and then freeze-dried to obtain a freeze-dried rabies / hepatitis A mixed vaccine.
[0015]
Example 7 Preparation of Sedimentary Rabies and Hepatitis A Combination Vaccine
The rabies vaccine stock solution of Example 1 is 0.01 M PBS (pH 7) so that the antigen titer is equivalent to 4 (10 IU / ml), and the hepatitis A vaccine stock solution of Example 2 is 4 μg / ml of protein. Diluted in step 4), mixed with equal amounts of these diluted solutions, and further mixed with an equal amount of 400 μg / ml aluminum hydroxide gel solution (pH 7.4) was used as a precipitated rabies / hepatitis A mixed vaccine.
[0016]
Example 8 Preparation of Precipitating Rabies / Hepatitis A / Tetanus Mixed Vaccine
Further, in Example 3, the rabies vaccine stock solution of Example 1 was equivalent to an antigen titer of 6 (15 IU / ml), and the hepatitis A vaccine stock solution of Example 2 was made to have a protein concentration of 6 μg / ml. Each tetanus toxoid stock solution was diluted with 0.01M PBS (pH 7.4) so that the antigen concentration was 24 Lf / ml. After mixing equal amounts of these dilutions, an equal amount of 400 μg / ml aluminum hydroxide gel solution ( What was mixed with pH7.4) was used as a mixed rabies / hepatitis A / tetanus mixed vaccine.
[0017]
Example 9 Preparation of freeze-dried precipitated rabies / hepatitis A / tetanus mixed vaccine
The rabies vaccine stock solution of Example 1 was further adjusted to an antigen titer equivalent to 12 (30 IU / ml), and the hepatitis A vaccine stock solution of Example 2 was further adjusted to a protein concentration of 12 μg / ml. The tetanus toxoid stock solution is diluted with 0.01 M PBS (pH 7.4) so that the antigen concentration is 48 Lf / ml, and these diluted solutions are mixed in equal amounts. A mixture of this mixture and an equal amount of 800 μg / ml aluminum hydroxide gel solution (pH 7.4) is further mixed with an equal amount of lactose 15.0 W / V%, sodium glutamate 0.2 W / V%, gelatin 0.04 W / A final bulk was prepared by mixing with 0.01% PBS (pH 7.4) containing V%, dispensed 1 ml each in a 2 ml vial, and then freeze-dried to obtain a freeze-dried precipitated rabies / hepatitis A / tetanus mixed vaccine.
[0018]
Example 10 Preparation of freeze-dried rabies / hepatitis A / Japanese encephalitis mixed vaccine
Example 4 is further performed so that the rabies vaccine stock solution of Example 1 corresponds to an antigen titer equivalent to 6 (15 IU / ml), and the hepatitis A vaccine stock solution of Example 2 has a protein concentration of 6 μg / ml. Each Japanese encephalitis vaccine stock solution is diluted with 0.01 M PBS (pH 7.4) so that the protein concentration is 180 μg / ml, and equal amounts of these diluted solutions are mixed. This mixture is mixed with an equal volume of lactose 15.0 W / V%, sodium glutamate 0.2 W / V%, gelatin 0.04 W / V% added 0.01 M PBS (pH 7.4) to prepare the final bulk, and put into a 2 ml vial. After dispensing 1 ml at a time, the lyophilized product was used as a freeze-dried rabies / hepatitis A / Japanese encephalitis mixed vaccine.
[0019]
Example 11 Preparation of freeze-dried precipitated rabies / hepatitis A / Japanese encephalitis mixed vaccine
Further, in Example 4, the rabies vaccine stock solution of Example 1 was equivalent to an antigen titer equivalent to 12 (30 IU / ml), and the hepatitis A vaccine stock solution of Example 2 was made to have a protein concentration of 12 μg / ml. Each Japanese encephalitis vaccine stock solution is diluted with 0.01M PBS (pH 7.4) so that the protein concentration is 360 μg / ml, and equal amounts of these diluted solutions are mixed. A mixture of this mixture and an equal amount of 800 μg / ml aluminum hydroxide gel solution (pH 7.4) is further mixed with an equal amount of lactose 15.0 W / V%, sodium glutamate 0.2 W / V%, gelatin 0.04 W / The final bulk was prepared by mixing with 0.01% PBS (pH 7.4) containing V%, dispensed 1 ml each into a 2 ml vial, and then freeze-dried to obtain a freeze-dried precipitated rabies / hepatitis A / Japanese encephalitis mixed vaccine .
[0020]
Example 12 Potency Test of Inactivated Rabies Vaccine
(1) Lyophilized rabies vaccine prepared in Examples 5 to 11, (2) Lyophilized rabies / hepatitis A mixed vaccine, (3) Sedimented rabies / hepatitis A mixed vaccine, (4) Sedimented rabies / hepatitis A・ Tetanus mixed vaccine, (5) freeze-dried rabies / hepatitis A / tetanus mixed vaccine, (6) freeze-dried rabies / hepatitis A / Japanese encephalitis mixed vaccine and (7) freeze-dried rabies / hepatitis A / Japan About the encephalitis mixed vaccine, the titer test was implemented according to the titer test method of the dry tissue culture inactivated rabies vaccine of the biologics standard.
[0021]
The titer test was conducted as follows.
The specimen and reference inactivated rabies vaccine (hereinafter referred to as “reference product”) were each diluted 5-fold with 0.013 MPBS (pH 7.0) to prepare 4 stages. A group of 10 or more mice with a body weight of about 12 g was used. One group was used for each dilution, and 0.5 ml per animal was injected intraperitoneally twice at weekly intervals. Two weeks after the first immunization injection, each group of animals was injected with 0.03 ml of the suspension virus CVS strain for challenge into each brain and observed for 14 days. Separately, 10 mice or more were taken as one group, and one group was used for each dilution of the appropriately diluted virus suspension for challenge, 0.03 ml per mouse was injected into the brain and observed for 14 days. Animals showing paralysis on the last day of these observations were counted as dead. LD in 0.03ml of virus suspension for attack50The number must be between 10 and 100. When statistically processing and comparing test results, the specimen titer should be equal to or greater than the reference.
The test results were statistically processed and expressed as relative titers with the reference. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0022]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003752264
[0023]
As shown in Table 1, the rabies vaccine is equivalent to the hepatitis A vaccine, and the hepatitis A vaccine and tetanus toxoid or hepatitis A vaccine and the Japanese encephalitis vaccine are compared to the simple rabies vaccine. The above results were obtained. In addition, it was confirmed that the precipitated vaccine to which aluminum gel was added had a higher immune effect than the liquid vaccine, and exhibited an immune effect more than twice at the same antigen concentration. Furthermore, no decrease in titer was observed even after freeze-drying, but rather the same or better results were obtained.
[0024]
Example 13 Potency Test of Inactivated Hepatitis A Vaccine
(1) Lyophilized hepatitis A vaccine prepared in Examples 5 to 11, (2) Lyophilized rabies / hepatitis A mixed vaccine, (3) Sedimented rabies / hepatitis A mixed vaccine, (4) Sedimented rabies / A Hepatitis B / tetanus mixed vaccine, (5) Freeze-dried rabies / Hepatitis A / tetanus mixed vaccine, (6) Freeze-dried rabies / hepatitis A / Japanese encephalitis mixed vaccine and (7) Freeze-dried sediment rabies / Hepatitis A -About Japanese encephalitis mixed vaccine, the titer test was carried out according to the titer test method of dry tissue culture inactivated hepatitis A vaccine based on biologics standards.
[0025]
The method of the titer test is shown below.
The specimen and reference inactivated hepatitis A vaccine (hereinafter referred to as “reference product”) were each diluted with physiological saline to make serial dilutions at logarithmically spaced intervals. A group of 5 or more rats about 5 weeks old was used as one group, and one group was used for each dilution. One ml per mouse was injected intraperitoneally once. Blood was drawn from all animals 5 weeks after immunization and serum was separated. The anti-hepatitis A virus antibody titer of each serum was measured by an enzyme antibody method and other appropriate methods. When statistically processing and comparing test results, the sample titer should be equal to or greater than the reference.
The titer test results were statistically processed and expressed as relative titers with reference products. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0026]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003752264
[0027]
As shown in Table 2, when hepatitis A vaccine is mixed with rabies vaccine, rabies vaccine and tetanus toxoid, or rabies vaccine and Japanese encephalitis vaccine, results equivalent to or better than plain hepatitis A vaccine was gotten. In addition, it was confirmed that the precipitated vaccine to which aluminum gel was added had a higher immune effect than the liquid vaccine, and exhibited an immune effect more than twice at the same antigen concentration. Furthermore, no decrease in titer was observed even after freeze-drying, but rather the same or better results were obtained.
[0028]
Example 14 Tetanus Toxoid Potency Test
(1) Precipitating tetanus toxoid prepared in Examples 5, 8 and 9, (2) Precipitating rabies / hepatitis A / tetanus mixed vaccine and (3) Lyophilized precipitating rabies / hepatitis A / tetanus mixed vaccine The potency test was conducted according to the titer test method for sedimented tetanus toxoid based on the standard formulation.
[0029]
The method of the titer test is shown below.
Dilute the specimen and standard sedimented tetanus toxoid (hereinafter referred to as “standard”) with 0.012 M PBS (pH 7.0) with 0.02 W / V% gelatin to make serial dilutions at logarithmically equidistant intervals. A group of 10 or more guinea pigs weighing 300 to 400 g was used as one group. One group was used for each dilution of specimen and standard, and 2 ml per mouse was injected subcutaneously once. About 4 LD each guinea pig 4 weeks after immunization50And observed for 7 days. In addition, a group of 3 or more guinea pigs weighing approximately 400 g in the non-immunized control group is defined as 1 group, and the LD of the toxin used for the attack using these 3 groups or more.50When measuring a number, its value must be between 25 and 100. When statistically processing and comparing test results, the specimen titer must be at least 40 international units.
Titer test results were statistically processed and expressed in international units. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0030]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003752264
[0031]
As shown in Table 3, by mixing tetanus toxoid with rabies vaccine and hepatitis A vaccine, a higher antibody titer was shown compared to plain tetanus toxoid. Moreover, no decrease in titer was observed even after freeze-drying. Rather, results equivalent to or higher were obtained.
[0032]
Example 15 Potency test of Japanese encephalitis vaccine
Japanese encephalitis vaccine prepared in Examples 5, 10 and 11, freeze-dried rabies / hepatitis A / Japanese encephalitis mixed vaccine and freeze-dried precipitated rabies / hepatitis A / Japanese encephalitis mixed vaccine The titer test was performed according to the vaccine titer test method.
[0033]
The method of the titer test is shown below.
A specimen and a reference Japanese encephalitis vaccine (hereinafter referred to as “reference product”) were each diluted with 0.010 M PBS (pH 7.0 to 7.2) to prepare logarithmically spaced dilutions. Ten or more mice at about 4 weeks of age were used as one group, and one group was used for each dilution. 0.5ml per animal is injected intraperitoneally twice at 7 day intervals. Seven days after the second injection, blood was collected from all animals, serum was collected and heated at 56 ° C. for 30 minutes. Serum of each group is appropriately diluted with calf serum-added Hanks solution, mixed with equal amounts of diluted serum and the virus suspension for attack, and placed at 36 ± 1 ° C for 1.5 hours. 0.4 ml each was inoculated on a chicken embryo cell culture cultured in a petri dish having an inner diameter of about 70 mm. Separately, an equal amount of the virus suspension for attack and Hanks solution with calf serum were mixed and placed at 36 ± 1 ° C. for 1.5 hours to inoculate 0.4 ml each of 10 or more cell cultures as a control. All Petri dishes were placed in a 36 ± 1 ° C. carbon dioxide controlled incubator for 1.5 hours, then overlaid with a first layered agar medium, and again cultured in a carbon dioxide controlled incubator for 2 days. The second layered agar medium was overlaid and placed in a carbon dioxide controlled incubator for 1 to 2 days, and then the number of plaques in all Petri dishes was counted. The number of plaques in the test group and the number of plaques in the control group were compared to determine the reduction rate, and the neutralizing antibody titer of each serum was calculated. The average number of plaques in the control petri dish should be 50-150. When statistically processing and comparing test results, the specimen titer should be equal to or greater than the reference.
The results of the titer test were statistically processed and expressed as relative titers with reference products. The results are shown in Table 4.
[0034]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003752264
[0035]
As shown in Table 4, when the Japanese encephalitis vaccine was mixed with the rabies vaccine and the hepatitis A vaccine, results equal to or higher than those of the plain Japanese encephalitis vaccine were obtained. Moreover, no decrease in titer was observed even after freeze-drying. Rather, results equivalent to or higher were obtained. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the precipitated vaccine to which aluminum gel was added had a higher immune effect than the liquid vaccine, and exhibited an immune effect more than twice even at the same antigen concentration.
[0036]
Example 16 Analysis of properties of various vaccines
All vaccines prepared in Examples 5 to 11 were stored at 25 ° C. for 3 months, and properties observation, hydrogen ion concentration measurement, titer test and abnormal toxicity negative test were performed. The properties were observed with the naked eye, and the hydrogen ion concentration measurement and abnormal toxicity negative test were conducted according to the biologics standard. Moreover, the titer test was implemented similarly to the method of Examples 12-15. The results are shown in Table 5.
[0037]
[Table 5]
Figure 0003752264
[0038]
As shown in Table 5, the mixed vaccine obtained by the present invention showed almost no change in properties, hydrogen ion concentration, titer and abnormal toxicity before storage and after 3 months, and both vaccines were stable. It was confirmed that it was excellent in safety and safety. Moreover, when combined with the results of Examples 12 to 15, it was revealed that these mixed vaccines were excellent in practicality and effectiveness.

Claims (2)

不活化狂犬病ウイルス抗原及び不活化A型肝炎ウイルス抗原を必須成分として含有し、選択的に無毒化破傷風トキソイドまたは不活化日本脳炎ウイルス抗原のいずれかを含有することもある混合ワクチン。A mixed vaccine that contains inactivated rabies virus antigen and inactivated hepatitis A virus antigen as essential components, and may optionally contain either detoxified tetanus toxoid or inactivated Japanese encephalitis virus antigen. 当該不活化狂犬病ウイルス抗原、不活化A型肝炎ウイルス抗原、無毒化破傷風トキソイド及び不活化日本脳炎ウイルス抗原の最終濃度が各々5〜30μg/ml、0.05〜1.0μg/ml、2〜10Lf/ml及び10〜40μg/mlになるように混合し、これを100〜400μg/mlのアルミニウムゲルに吸着させることを特徴とする前記請求項1記載の混合ワクチン。The final concentrations of the inactivated rabies virus antigen, inactivated hepatitis A virus antigen, detoxified tetanus toxoid and inactivated Japanese encephalitis virus antigen are 5-30 μg / ml, 0.05-1.0 μg / ml, 2-10 Lf / ml and The mixed vaccine according to claim 1, wherein the mixture is mixed so as to be 10 to 40 µg / ml and adsorbed on 100 to 400 µg / ml aluminum gel.
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