JP3742489B2 - Heat pump type automotive air conditioner - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a heat pump type automotive air conditioner that uses a refrigerant heated by engine cooling water (hot water) to heat a vehicle interior.
[0002]
[Prior art]
For example, in some recent luxury cars and one-box cars with a relatively large cabin space, the front area of the cabin (for example, the front seat) is the front so that a comfortable air conditioning can be obtained for the entire cabin. Depending on the unit, the rear area (for example, the rear seat portion such as the second seat and the third seat) is equipped with an air conditioner for automobiles commonly called a dual car air conditioner that independently conditioned the air by the rear unit.
[0003]
As this type of automotive air conditioner, for example, during heating operation, the front unit is provided with a heater core and engine cooling water is used as a heat source, while the rear unit is provided with an indoor heat exchanger called a sub-condenser. There is a system in which a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant compressed by a compressor is used as a heat source. This type of device is called a heat pump type air conditioner for automobiles because it heats the passenger compartment by drawing up heat from low-temperature external air in the refrigerant circulation process (refrigeration cycle).
[0004]
However, when heating operation with this type of device, for example, when the outside air temperature is low, such as in the morning in winter, the temperature of the engine cooling water is low at startup, and the rate of temperature rise of the refrigerant is not agile. It is difficult for warm air to be blown out simultaneously with the start of operation, so-called immediate warming properties are insufficient, and heating performance may be insufficient. In particular, in a one-box car with a large interior space equipped with a diesel engine, the temperature rise of the engine coolant is slower than that of a normal gasoline engine vehicle, and a large space must be heated. Heating performance tends to be insufficient. Recently, efficient direct-injection engines (gasoline and diesel) are being developed as countermeasures for exhaust gas and energy conservation, and some of them have already been put into practical use. In some cases, there is a risk of chronic heating shortage due to a decrease in the temperature of the engine cooling water (lower water temperature) accompanying a decrease in the amount of heat released.
[0005]
Therefore, the applicant of the present invention provides an outdoor heat exchanger called a sub-evaporator, and heats the return refrigerant to the compressor using the heat of engine cooling water in this sub-evaporator, and uses a higher-temperature refrigerant with increased enthalpy. Thus, a heat pump type air conditioner for automobiles that exhibits higher heating performance has been proposed (for example, see Japanese Patent Application No. 7-271621). Furthermore, on the premise of this technology, an automotive air conditioner was proposed in which both front and rear seats are heat pump systems in order to cope with the low water temperature by direct injection of the engine (see, for example, Japanese Patent Application No. 9-90854).
[0006]
The above-mentioned circumstances such as insufficient heating are not limited to dual car air conditioners, but also apply to ordinary single type heat pump car air conditioners with only one unit, so a single type with a sub-evaporator. A heat pump type air conditioner for automobiles is currently being developed.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In a heat pump automotive air conditioner equipped with such a sub-evaporator, when the cycle pressure rises sufficiently when the heating operation is stable or when the vehicle is running, the flow of hot water to the sub-evaporator is controlled to protect the refrigeration cycle. At the same time, the blowing temperature is kept constant. At this time, if the compressor capacity (work amount) or the temperature of the engine cooling water rises excessively, the compressor discharge pressure may rise, and it is necessary to prevent this from the viewpoint of reliability.
[0008]
That is, when the compressor discharge pressure rises, in order to protect the refrigeration cycle (particularly the compressor), control for turning the compressor on and off according to the discharge pressure is generally performed. Of course, in the air conditioning apparatus for a vehicle, a measure for protecting the compressor when the discharge pressure rises should be taken.
[0009]
Therefore, in this regard, the applicant of the present application has turned on the water valve for the sub-evaporator in the previous stage of performing the compressor ON-OFF control in addition to the ON / OFF control of the compressor generally performed conventionally. -Proposed a technique for performing OFF control (see Japanese Patent Application No. 8-236637). As a result, the ON / OFF frequency of the compressor is reduced, and it becomes possible to protect the compressor from an increase in pressure while improving drivability and maintaining comfort (suppressing changes in the blowing temperature).
[0010]
However, as a result of the experiment, when the warm water flow rate adjustment to the sub-evaporator is performed by controlling only the water valve ON / OFF as described above, the cycle pressure and the cycle temperature are rapidly increased, and the predetermined control is instantaneously performed. It was found that there was a case where the value itself was exceeded (overshoot state) (see the region without flow restriction in FIG. 8). Therefore, in order to further improve the reliability, it is desired to reduce the increase in the cycle pressure and the cycle temperature, eliminate the overshoot, and not exceed the control value.
[0011]
The present invention has been made by paying attention to the above-described problems in the heat pump type automotive air conditioner currently under development by the applicant of the present invention, and can further improve the reliability of the heat pump type automotive air conditioner. An object is to provide an apparatus.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 is for heating the passenger compartment by using the heat of the refrigerant circulating while changing the state in the refrigeration cycle. In a heat pump automotive air conditioner comprising an outdoor evaporator that heats the refrigerant returning to the compressor by heat exchange, a flow rate adjusting means capable of steplessly adjusting the flow rate of engine cooling water flowing through the outdoor evaporator, and a vehicle speed Vehicle speed detecting means for detecting the flow rate, and control means for controlling the flow rate of the engine cooling water flowing through the outdoor evaporator by controlling the opening of the flow rate adjusting means according to the output of the vehicle speed detecting means. Features.
[0013]
In this invention, the vehicle speed detecting means detects the speed of the vehicle (vehicle speed), and the control means controls the opening of the flow rate adjusting means according to the output (vehicle speed) of the vehicle speed detecting means. The flow rate of engine cooling water (hot water) flowing through the outdoor evaporator is limited. For example, when the compressor's work volume increases due to an increase in the compressor speed accompanying an increase in the vehicle speed and the cycle pressure rises, the opening of the flow rate adjusting means changes according to the vehicle speed, and the high speed range (high rotation range) Then, the flow rate of hot water to the outdoor evaporator will decrease. When the flow rate of hot water to the outdoor evaporator decreases, the amount of heat absorbed from the hot water of the refrigerant decreases, and the rise in cycle pressure and cycle temperature becomes moderate. Therefore, the flow control valve is turned on based on a separate control value such as compressor discharge pressure. Even if there is -OFF control, overshoot due to this is prevented, and the cycle pressure does not exceed the control value.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0015]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a heat pump automobile air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention. Here, among the heat pump type dual-car air conditioners equipped with outdoor heat exchangers called sub-evaporators, a heat pump system that uses a refrigerant to heat both the front and rear seats (however, the rear seat side is heated) Only (no dehumidification)), and the front seat side illustrates a system that can also perform heating by engine cooling water (hot water).
[0016]
This automotive air conditioner is a front unit 10 and a rear unit that harmonize air inside and outside the vehicle (inside and outside air) selectively taken in by a blower (blower) and blow it out toward the front seat and rear seat in the vehicle interior, respectively. 20.
[0017]
The front unit 10 has a ventilation path 11 formed in a casing thereof, and the cooling water (hot water) of the engine 1 is used in the ventilation path 11 in order from the downstream side in the air flow direction indicated by the white arrow. A heater core 12 that heats the intake air, a front sub-condenser 13 as an indoor condenser that constitutes a refrigeration cycle, which will be described later, a normal evaporator 14 that also constitutes a refrigeration cycle, and the blower 15 are disposed. Although not shown, in more detail, the front unit 10 includes an intake unit, a cooling unit, and a heater unit in order from the upstream side. The intake unit and the blower 15 are arranged in the intake unit. An evaporator 14 is disposed, and a front sub capacitor 13, an air mix door 16, and a heater core 12 are disposed in the heater unit. The air mix door 16 is rotatably provided on the front surface of the heater core 12 and adjusts the ratio of the air passing through the heater core 12 and the air bypassing the heater core 12 to create air at a desired temperature in the downstream area of the heater core 12. Alternatively, air is prevented from flowing through the heater core 12. In addition, various air outlets are formed on the downstream side of the heater core 12 of the heater unit to blow out the air whose temperature is adjusted after the air mixing toward the front seat in the vehicle interior.
[0018]
On the other hand, the rear unit 20 has a ventilation passage 21 formed in a casing thereof, and a rear sub-capacitor 22 constituting a refrigeration cycle in the ventilation passage 21 in order from the downstream side in the air flow direction indicated by the white arrow. And the said air blower 23 is arrange | positioned. The rear sub capacitor 22 is connected in parallel with the front sub capacitor 13 and the evaporator 14 connected in series in the circuit of the refrigeration cycle. Although not shown, in more detail, the rear unit 20 includes an intake unit and a heater unit in order from the upstream side. The intake unit and the blower 23 are disposed in the intake unit, and the rear sub-capacitor 22 is disposed in the heater unit. Is arranged. On the downstream side of the sub-condenser 22 of the heater unit, a predetermined air outlet is formed for blowing out heated air toward the rear seat of the vehicle interior. In the present embodiment, since the rear unit 20 is a heating only system (no dehumidification) as described above, the evaporator and the air mix door are omitted.
[0019]
A compressor 2 and a main condenser 3 that are rotationally driven by the engine 1 via a belt (not shown) are disposed outside the units 10 and 20. In the refrigeration cycle, the compressor 2, the main condenser 3, the front sub condenser 13, the evaporator 14, and the rear sub condenser 22 are connected to the solenoid valve 16 with a front orifice and a liquid tank 24 for the rear by piping. It is connected to the solenoid valve 25 with an orifice, and a refrigerant is enclosed therein. The solenoid valves 16 and 25 with orifices are built-in orifices for refrigerant expansion (for example, φ1.45) in solenoid valves as on-off valves.
[0020]
A four-way valve 4 as a circuit switching valve is provided on the inlet side of the main capacitor 3. The four-way valve 4 is provided with one inlet port and three outlet ports in a sealed case, and a slide member that communicates two outlet ports among the three outlet ports in the case. An exit port other than the exit port is configured to communicate with the entrance port. Therefore, the exit port that communicates with the entrance port is selected depending on the position of the slide member. Here, the inlet port of the four-way valve 4 is connected to the discharge side of the compressor 2, and the three output ports of the four-way valve 4 are the inlet of the main condenser 3, the suction side of the compressor 2 (refrigerant recovery passage 5), and the main, respectively. It is connected to the outlet (bypass passage 6) of the capacitor 3. With this four-way valve 4, on the front side, the cooling operation refrigerant circuit (hereinafter simply referred to as “cooling circuit”) that guides the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 to the main condenser 3, and the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 as the main A heating operation refrigerant circuit (hereinafter simply referred to as “heating circuit”) leading to the bypass passage 6 of the condenser 3 is switched. In addition, in FIG. 1, the state of the four-way valve 4 at the time of heating operation is shown.
[0021]
In addition, outside the units 10 and 20, an outdoor evaporator is provided in the low-pressure side refrigerant passage between the suction side of the compressor 2 and the junction 7 between the front side and the rear side in order to improve the heating performance by the heat pump. A sub-evaporator 8 that functions as an (outdoor heat exchanger) is provided. The sub-evaporator 8 has a function of heating the refrigerant flowing through the inside by heat exchange with engine cooling water (hot water), and can be called a hot water-refrigerant heat exchanger.
[0022]
By providing such a sub-evaporator 8, even if it is engine cooling water that cannot be used immediately for heating even if heat is exchanged with air due to low temperature, heat exchange with the refrigerant flowing in the sub-evaporator 8 is possible. Since the refrigerant effectively takes in the heat held by the engine cooling water and is heated (that is, the enthalpy increases), it returns to the compressor 2 and is compressed and pressurized by the compressor 2 again. The refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 becomes a higher temperature refrigerant and is supplied to the sub capacitors 13 and 22. As a result, the heat dissipating performance of the sub-capacitors 13 and 22 is enhanced, and the heat-exchanged air becomes higher in temperature, so that higher heating performance is exhibited and immediate warming is improved.
[0023]
Further, between the sub-evaporator 8 and the compressor 2, as described above, the solenoid valve 16 with an orifice having no refrigerant flow rate adjusting function is employed instead of the normal temperature type expansion valve. An accumulator 9 for separating the liquid and returning only the gas refrigerant to the compressor 2 is provided. Since the accumulator 9 is a container having a relatively large capacity for storing the refrigerant, even if the refrigerant returns in a liquid state, it can be vaporized and returned to the compressor 2, and damage to the compressor 2 due to liquid compression can be prevented. Can be prevented.
[0024]
During the heating operation, the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 normally flows to both the front unit 10 side and the rear unit 20 side through the next heating circuit. At this time, the two electromagnetic valves 16 and 25 for guiding the refrigerant to the front unit 10 side and the rear unit 20 side are both open. That is, during the heating operation, the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 flows from the four-way valve 4 to the bypass passage 6 and then branches and flows from here to the front unit 10 side and the rear unit 20 side, and then the inlet of the sub-evaporator 8 ( Merge at the junction 7) and return to the compressor 2. More specifically, in the former, the refrigerant flowing through the bypass passage 6 flows from the front sub-capacitor 13 → the orifice (solenoid valve) 16 → the evaporator 14, and then flows from the sub-evaporator 8 → the accumulator 9 to the compressor. Return to 2. In the latter case, the refrigerant flowing through the bypass passage 6 flows through the rear sub-capacitor 22 → the liquid tank 24 → the orifice (solenoid valve) 25, then flows through the sub-evaporator 8 → the accumulator 9, and returns to the compressor 2. To do. When the rear seat is not heated, the electromagnetic valve 25 is closed.
[0025]
On the other hand, during the cooling operation, the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 usually flows only to the front unit 10 side through the next cooling circuit. At this time, the electromagnetic valve 25 on the rear unit 20 side is in a closed state. That is, during the cooling operation, the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 flows through the four-way valve 4 → the main condenser 3 → the front sub condenser 13 → the orifice (solenoid valve) 16 → the evaporator 14 → the sub evaporator 8 → the accumulator 9. Return to
[0026]
Further, an electromagnetically operated hot water valve 31 is provided at the hot water inlet of the heater core 12, and the hot water flowing out from the engine 1 is introduced into the heater core 12 by opening the hot water valve 31.
[0027]
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2, a flow rate control actuator 32 that functions as a flow rate adjusting means is provided at the hot water inlet of the sub-evaporator 8. The flow control actuator 32 is, for example, a water valve whose opening degree can be adjusted by an electrical signal, and can adjust the flow rate of hot water flowing through the sub-evaporator 8 steplessly. When operating the sub-evaporator 8 during the heating operation, the flow control actuator 32 is opened, and the hot water flowing out from the engine 1 is introduced into the sub-evaporator 8. At that time, the flow rate of hot water flowing through the sub-evaporator 8 is adjusted by controlling the opening degree of the flow control actuator 32. In the present invention, the opening degree of the flow control actuator 32 is controlled according to the vehicle speed.
[0028]
FIG. 3 is a control characteristic diagram of the opening degree of the flow rate control actuator 32 with respect to the vehicle speed, and FIG. 4 is a control characteristic diagram of the hot water flow rate to the sub-evaporator 8 with respect to the vehicle speed. Here, at the time of idling or the equivalent vehicle speed (v1 or less), the opening degree of the flow control actuator 32 is fully opened (see FIG. 3), and the flow rate of the hot water flowing through the sub-evaporator 8 is not limited (FIG. 4). (See FIG. 4), the opening degree of the flow control actuator 32 is reduced as the vehicle speed increases from that state (see FIG. 3), and the flow rate of the hot water flowing through the sub-evaporator 8 is limited (see FIG. 4). Note that the opening degree of the flow rate control actuator 32 and the flow rate of the hot water flowing through the sub-evaporator 8 when the vehicle speed becomes equal to or greater than a certain value (v2) are fully closed by examining the effects described later obtained by the flow rate restriction. What is necessary is just to set suitably including a state. For example, as an example, v1 = 20 km / h and v2 = 80 km / h.
[0029]
For reference, the hot water flow rate characteristic to the sub-evaporator 8 with respect to the conventional vehicle speed is shown in FIG. According to this, conventionally, the flow rate of hot water to the sub-evaporator 8 increases as the vehicle speed increases. This is a control in which the water valve for the sub-evaporator 8 is ON / OFF only. When the water valve is ON (fully open), the engine speed increases as the vehicle speed increases. This is because the flow rate increases.
[0030]
Further, on the high-pressure side of the refrigerant circuit having the above-described configuration, a discharge pressure detecting means and a discharge temperature detecting means (not shown) for detecting the discharge pressure (Pd) and the discharge temperature (Td) of the compressor 2 are provided. The discharge pressure detection means is composed of, for example, a pressure switch with a built-in diaphragm or a pressure transducer (pressure sensor) that converts the detected pressure into a voltage value. The discharge temperature detection means converts the detected temperature into a voltage value. It consists of a temperature sensor and so on. As will be described later, when the discharge pressure Pd or the discharge temperature Td of the compressor 2 rises, various controls for lowering the discharge pressure and the discharge temperature of the compressor 2 are performed according to each detected value in order to protect the compressor 2. It is like that.
[0031]
As described above, the refrigerant recovery passage 5 is provided between the outlet side of the four-way valve 4 (one of the outlet ports) and the suction side of the compressor 2, and this refrigerant recovery passage 5 is connected to the outside air temperature. When the engine cooling water cannot be used immediately as a heat source for heating, so-called stagnation refrigerant staying in the main condenser 3 or the like is returned to the compressor 2 so that high performance heating can be performed using a large amount of refrigerant. Is for.
[0032]
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 40 denotes an electric fan for cooling the main condenser 3, and reference numerals 41, 42, 43, 44, and 45 denote check valves for preventing flow in opposite directions.
[0033]
Next, the operation will be described. In addition, only the effect | action at the time of the heating operation to which this invention is applied is demonstrated here.
[0034]
Early heating operation
When the outside air temperature is low at the start of the heating operation, the temperature of the engine cooling water is also low and cannot be used immediately for heating (in the case of the heater core 12). In addition, the refrigerant is trapped in the main condenser 3 and the like, and does not exist so much in the compressor 2. When heating the front and rear seats in this state, for example, the hot water valve 31 is OFF, the flow control actuator 32 is fully open, the two electromagnetic valves 16 and 25 are both open, and the four-way valve 4 is as shown in FIG. Set to each. The air mix door 16 is set at the fully closed position A so that air does not pass through the heater core 12.
[0035]
When the compressor 2 is turned on in this state, the refrigerant sleeping mainly inside the main condenser 3 is guided to the suction side of the compressor 2 through the four-way valve 4 and the refrigerant recovery passage 5 and recovered.
[0036]
As a result, the compressor 2 enters an operation state in which a large amount of refrigerant can be discharged, and the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 branches after flowing from the four-way valve 4 to the bypass passage 6, and a part of the front sub Capacitor 13 → Orifice (solenoid valve) 16 → flows through evaporator 14 and front unit 10 side, partly flows through rear sub-capacitor 22 → liquid tank 24 → orifice (solenoid valve) 25 and rear unit 20 side, merges At the point 7, they merge, flow from the sub-evaporator 8 to the accumulator 9, and return to the compressor 2. In this circulation process, the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant that has flowed into the sub-evaporator 8 is heated by heat exchange with the engine coolant, becomes higher in temperature, and is sucked into the compressor 2 and compressed again. As a result, the refrigerant that has returned to the compressor 2 and has been compressed again is increased in enthalpy (that is, the cycle balance is increased) and discharged at a higher temperature and pressure. Since the heating capacity (heat dissipation performance) of the sub-capacitors 13 and 22 is related to the temperature of the refrigerant, higher heating performance is exhibited by increasing the temperature of the discharged refrigerant in this way. In addition, since such a tendency is amplified with the passage of time, the recovery of heat from the engine cooling water can be used as a trigger, so that the refrigerant temperature can be quickly and efficiently increased. Warmness will be greatly improved.
[0037]
At this time, the air taken into the front unit 10 is dehumidified (cooled) by the evaporator 14, further heated by the front sub-capacitor 13, and then flows down and blown out from a predetermined outlet. Thereby, dehumidification heating which heats dehumidified air is realized. In addition, the air taken into the rear unit 20 is heated by the rear sub-condenser 22 and then flows down, and is blown out from a predetermined outlet into the vehicle interior to achieve heating (without dehumidification).
[0038]
Even in the early stage of the heating operation, for example, when the accelerator is depressed during sudden acceleration or the like, the number of times of the engine 1, and hence the rotational speed of the compressor 2, rapidly increases, and the discharge pressure of the compressor 1 may rapidly increase. Therefore, in order to protect the compressor 2, it is necessary to perform control for lowering the discharge pressure of the compressor 2, but this is the same even when it is stable, and will be described together below.
[0039]
When heating operation is stable
When the temperature of the engine cooling water rises to some extent and the temperature in the passenger compartment also rises to some extent, the flow rate of hot water to the sub-evaporator 8 is controlled so as to keep the blowing temperature constant. In the present plan, the flow rate of the hot water flowing through the sub-evaporator 8 is controlled by controlling the opening degree of the flow rate control actuator 32 as described above.
[0040]
In other words, when the hot water flow is stable, when the flow rate of the hot water flowing through the sub-evaporator 8 increases, the discharge pressure / temperature of the compressor 2 increases and the discharge temperature increases. This principle is as described above. When the flow rate of hot water flowing through the sub-evaporator 8 increases, the amount of heat exchange with the refrigerant increases, so that the refrigerant temperature at the outlet of the sub-evaporator 8 rises and is sucked into the compressor 2. The refrigerant temperature rises, and the discharge pressure / temperature of the compressor 2 increases as the intake refrigerant temperature rises. Thereby, the heat dissipation capability in the sub-capacitors 13 and 22 increases, and the blowing temperature rises. Conversely, when the flow rate of hot water flowing through the sub-evaporator 8 decreases, the amount of heat exchange with the refrigerant decreases, so that the discharge pressure / temperature of the compressor 2 decreases and the blowing temperature decreases. Therefore, by controlling the hot water flow rate to the sub-evaporator 8, specifically, the hot water flow rate to the sub-evaporator 8 is increased when the blowing temperature is too low, and the sub-evaporator 8 is raised when the blowing temperature is too high. By reducing the hot water flow rate to the, the blowing temperature can be kept constant (within the range).
[0041]
As a protective measure when the discharge pressure (temperature) of the compressor 2 rises, in the present plan, the ON / OFF control of the compressor 2 and the ON / OFF control of the flow control actuator 32 are performed according to the discharge pressure / temperature of the compressor 2. Do.
[0042]
The ON-OFF control of the compressor 2 is performed based on, for example, the control characteristics shown in FIG. That is, the compressor 2 has a discharge pressure (Pd) of 23 kg / cm in the ON state.²When it rises above G (see (A) in the figure) or the discharge temperature (Td) rises to 120 ° C. or more (see (B) in the same figure), it is turned off and the discharge pressure (Pd) is 20 kg / in the OFF state. cm²When it drops below G (see (A) in the figure) or the discharge temperature (Td) falls below 80 ° C. (see (B) in the same figure), it returns to the ON state.
[0043]
The ON / OFF control of the flow control actuator 32 is performed with priority over the opening degree control based on the vehicle speed, and is performed based on, for example, the control characteristics shown in FIG. That is, the flow control actuator 32 has a discharge pressure (Pd) of 20 kg / cm.²If it rises above G (see (A) in the figure) or the discharge temperature (Td) rises to 100 ° C or more (see (B) in the same figure), it will immediately become fully closed (OFF) regardless of the vehicle speed. In this OFF state, the discharge pressure (Pd) is 17 kg / cm.²When it drops below G (see (A) in the figure) or the discharge temperature (Td) falls below 80 ° C. (see (B) in the same figure), it returns to the open (ON) state. How much the flow control actuator 32 is open in this ON state depends on the vehicle speed. When the flow control actuator 32 is closed, heat exchange in the sub-evaporator 8 is eliminated, so that the temperature of the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 2 is lowered, and the discharge pressure (Pd) and the discharge temperature (Td) of the compressor 2 are lowered. . Here, the ON / OFF control of the flow control actuator 32 is performed before the ON / OFF control of the compressor 2, but as described above, this is the ON / OFF control of the compressor 2. This is to reduce the frequency and prevent a decrease in drivability due to ON / OFF of the compressor 2.
[0044]
Furthermore, in the present invention, problems associated with the ON / OFF control of the flow control actuator 32, specifically, as described above, the cycle pressure / temperature rises rapidly only by the ON / OFF control of the flow control actuator 32, In order to solve the problem that the control value is instantaneously exceeded (overshoot), the hot water flow rate to the sub-evaporator 8 is limited according to the vehicle speed.
[0045]
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of such a system. Here, an ON-OFF control circuit for the compressor 2 and the flow rate control actuator 32 is also shown.
[0046]
The autoamplifier 50 functioning as a control means has a built-in microcomputer, and on its input side is a system switch 51, an air conditioner switch 52, a discharge pressure detecting means 53 for detecting the compressor discharge pressure (Pd), and a compressor discharge temperature (Td). The discharge temperature detecting means 54 for detecting the vehicle speed and the vehicle speed sensor 55 as the vehicle speed detecting means for detecting the vehicle speed are connected, and the compressor 2 (magnet clutch thereof) and the flow control actuator 32 are connected to the output side. . The system switch 51 is an operation switch for operating a heating system using the sub-evaporator 8, and the air conditioner switch is an operation switch for operating as a normal cooling / heating system that does not use the sub-evaporator 8. Further, the vehicle speed signal may be directly input from the vehicle speed sensor 55 as shown in the figure, or may be received from an engine control system that inputs a signal from the vehicle speed sensor. The autoamplifier 50 operates the heating system using the sub-evaporator 8 when the system switch 51 is ON and the air conditioner switch 52 is OFF, and among them, ON / OFF control of the compressor 2 and the flow control actuator 32, In addition, the flow rate of hot water to the sub-evaporator 8 is limited by the vehicle speed according to the present invention. Since the heating system using the sub-evaporator 8 and the ON / OFF control of the compressor 2 and the flow rate control actuator 32 have already been described, only the hot water flow rate restriction to the sub-evaporator 8 based on the vehicle speed will be described below. To do.
[0047]
Control characteristic data as shown in FIG. 3 is stored in the built-in memory 56 of the auto amplifier 50. This control characteristic data is command data of the opening degree of the flow control actuator 32 with respect to the vehicle speed. In this case, as described above, when the vehicle speed is equal to or less than a predetermined value v1 (for example, 20 km / h), that is, at idling or a vehicle speed corresponding thereto, the flow rate control actuator 32 is fully opened and the hot water flow rate to the sub-evaporator 8 is reached. Is maximized, and when it is equal to or greater than a predetermined value v2 (for example, 80 km / h), the opening degree of the flow rate control actuator 32 is minimized (including the fully closed state) to minimize the hot water flow rate to the sub-evaporator 8 and v1 (20 km / h) When v2 (80 km / h) or less, the opening degree of the flow rate control actuator 32 is decreased according to the vehicle speed, and the hot water flow rate to the sub-evaporator 8 is gradually decreased (see FIG. 4).
[0048]
That is, during idling or a vehicle speed corresponding thereto, the flow rate of hot water to the sub-evaporator 8 is not limited (that is, maximum), and the cycle pressure and temperature are controlled by ON / OFF control of the flow control actuator 32. When the vehicle speed increases and the work amount of the compressor 2 increases due to the increase in the compressor speed and the cycle pressure / temperature rises, the opening degree of the flow control actuator 32 changes according to the vehicle speed. The hot water flow rate to the evaporator 8 will decrease. As described above, when the flow rate of hot water to the sub-evaporator 8 decreases, the amount of heat absorbed from the warm water of the refrigerant decreases, and as shown in the portion with the flow rate restriction in FIG. Overshoot due to ON-OFF control of the flow control actuator 32 is prevented, and the cycle pressure and the like do not exceed the control value p. Therefore, reliability is improved. Further, as shown in the same part of FIG. 8, the fluctuation of the cycle pressure / temperature falls within the upper and lower control values p and q, and the fluctuation range (differential) of the blowout temperature can be optimized.
[0049]
In FIG. 8, for example, if the cycle pressure is the compressor discharge pressure (Pd), the upper limit control value p is 20 kg / cm.²G, the lower limit control value q is 17kg / cm²G (see FIG. 6A). If the cycle temperature is the compressor discharge temperature (Td), the upper limit control value p is 100 ° C., and the lower limit control value q is 80 ° C. (see FIG. 6B). In addition to these, it is possible to consider the degree of superheat (superheat) at the inlet of the compressor 2 as the cycle temperature.
[0050]
In the above-described embodiment, a system in which only the rear seat side is heated (no dehumidification) is shown. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and an evaporator is provided in the rear unit 20 as in the front unit 10. Thus, a system that can perform dehumidification heating may be used.
[0051]
Further, in the above-described embodiment, a dual car air conditioner that can heat both the front and rear seats has been described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention is a heat pump type automobile air equipped with a sub-evaporator. If it is a harmony device, it can be applied to any type including a single type heat pump system. Therefore, it is not always necessary to provide both the sub capacitor and the heater core as a heating heat source in one unit as in the above-described embodiment.
[0052]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, when the vehicle speed increases, the flow rate of the hot water to the outdoor evaporator is limited, so that the increase in the cycle pressure and the cycle temperature becomes gradual and no overshoot occurs. The cycle pressure and the like will not exceed the control value, and the reliability will be improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a heat pump automobile air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a circuit configuration of a sub-evaporator.
FIG. 3 is a control characteristic diagram of the opening degree of the flow control actuator with respect to the vehicle speed.
FIG. 4 is a control characteristic diagram of the flow rate of hot water flowing through the sub-evaporator with respect to the vehicle speed.
FIG. 5 is a control characteristic diagram of compressor ON / OFF control.
FIG. 6 is a control characteristic diagram of flow control actuator ON-OFF control.
FIG. 7 is a control block diagram of a system that restricts the flow rate of hot water to the sub-evaporator according to the vehicle speed.
FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining an operational effect of the system of FIG. 6;
FIG. 9 is a characteristic diagram of a flow rate of hot water flowing through a sub-evaporator with respect to a conventional vehicle speed.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 ... Engine
2 ... Compressor
8 ... Sub-evaporator (outdoor evaporator)
10 ... Front unit
12 ... Heater core
13. Front sub capacitor (indoor capacitor)
14 ... Evaporator
20 ... Rear unit
22 ... Rear sub capacitor
32 ... Flow control actuator (flow rate adjusting means)
50 ... Auto-amplifier (control means)
55 ... Vehicle speed sensor

Claims (1)

Heating of the passenger compartment is performed using the heat of the refrigerant circulating while changing the state in the refrigeration cycle, and the outdoor refrigerant heating the refrigerant returning to the compressor (2) by heat exchange with the engine cooling water in the refrigeration cycle. In an air conditioner for a heat pump type automobile provided with an evaporator (8),
Flow rate adjusting means (32) capable of steplessly adjusting the flow rate of engine cooling water flowing through the outdoor evaporator (8);
Vehicle speed detecting means (55) for detecting the vehicle speed;
Control means (50) for controlling the flow rate of the engine cooling water flowing through the outdoor evaporator (8) by controlling the opening of the flow rate adjusting means (32) according to the output of the vehicle speed detecting means (55);
A heat pump automobile air conditioner characterized by comprising:

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