JP3729929B2 - Electric vehicle power control device - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention uses an electric double layer capacitor that can be charged as a power source of an electric vehicle, and controls the series / parallel connection switching of the electric double layer capacitor in accordance with the amount of electricity stored in the electric double layer capacitor. The present invention relates to an electric vehicle power control apparatus capable of driving an electric vehicle with an amount of electricity.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Known power sources for driving electric vehicles that use rechargeable lead-acid batteries are known. Many lead-acid batteries are housed in battery boxes to drive electric vehicle motors with high voltage and high current. Those configured to do so have been put into practical use.
[0003]
Further, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-99723, a conventional power source for driving an electric vehicle is a combination of a plurality of capacitor cells composed of a plurality of electric double layer capacitors in an arbitrary series-parallel manner. The motor of the electric vehicle is driven by the amount of electricity (charge) charged in the battery.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The electric power source for electric vehicles using a conventional lead storage battery or the like as a power source has a relatively large internal resistance such as a lead storage battery, so when a quick charge required for an electric vehicle is performed, a large current flows through the internal resistance. There is a problem that Joule heat corresponding to the power consumption in the internal resistance is generated, and characteristic deterioration or damage occurs in the lead storage battery or the like due to heat generation.
[0005]
In order to solve the above problems, charging of lead-acid batteries, etc., should be carried out slowly, but it takes too much time to charge up to full charge compared to the refueling time to fill a normal gasoline car. There are issues that are not practical.
[0006]
In addition, the electric vehicle power source using the electric double layer capacitor disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-99723 is configured to detect a failure of the capacitor cell for each unit of the capacitor cell. When the amount of electricity stored in the multilayer capacitor decreases or when the maximum power mode of the electric vehicle is required, switch the series connection or parallel connection of the electric double layer capacitor to supply the necessary power to the electric vehicle There are issues that cannot be addressed.
[0007]
Moreover, in order to supply the electric power requested | required of an electric vehicle, the technique which can respond by switching the serial connection or parallel connection of an electric double layer capacitor is not known.
[0008]
The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and its purpose is to switch the series-parallel connection of a plurality of capacitor modules containing electric double layer capacitors, and to achieve optimum power required for an electric vehicle. It is to provide a power control device for an electric vehicle that can supply electric power.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the control means of the electric vehicle power control device according to the present invention monitors the amount of electricity stored in the electric double layer capacitor to control the on / off switching of the switch element, and the electric double layer capacitor It is characterized by switching the series-parallel connection.
[0010]
The control means of the electric vehicle power control apparatus according to the present invention monitors the amount of electricity stored in the electric double layer capacitor to control switching of the switch element, and switches the series-parallel connection of the electric double layer capacitor. Therefore, a necessary amount of electricity can be supplied to the electric vehicle.
[0011]
Moreover, the electric vehicle power control apparatus according to the present invention is provided with voltage detection means for detecting the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor, and the control means is provided with the electric double layer capacitor based on the terminal voltage detected by the voltage detection means. It is characterized by switching the series-parallel connection.
[0012]
The power control apparatus for an electric vehicle according to the present invention is provided with voltage detection means for detecting the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor, and the control means is connected directly to the electric double layer capacitor based on the terminal voltage detected by the voltage detection means. Since the parallel connection is switched, the amount of electricity corresponding to the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor can be secured, so that the amount of electricity necessary for the electric vehicle can be supplied.
[0013]
The electric vehicle power control apparatus according to the present invention further includes a throttle opening sensor for detecting a throttle opening of the electric vehicle, and the control means detects the throttle opening detected by the throttle opening sensor and the voltage detection means. The series-parallel connection of the electric double layer capacitor is switched based on the terminal voltage.
[0014]
The control means of the electric vehicle power control apparatus according to the present invention switches the series-parallel connection of the electric double layer capacitor based on the throttle opening detected by the throttle opening sensor and the terminal voltage detected by the voltage detection means. An optimal amount of electricity can be supplied to the electric vehicle according to the amount of electricity stored in the double layer capacitor and the load state of the electric vehicle.
[0015]
Further, the control means of the electric vehicle power control apparatus according to the present invention is characterized by comprising setting means for setting an on / off pattern of the switch element in advance corresponding to the terminal voltage and the throttle opening.
[0016]
The control means of the electric vehicle power control apparatus according to the present invention includes setting means for setting an on / off pattern of the switch element in advance corresponding to the terminal voltage and the throttle opening. Connection switching timing can be accurately determined.
[0017]
Furthermore, the electric vehicle power control apparatus according to the present invention is characterized in that a backup capacitor is provided at the power supply terminal of the capacitor array.
[0018]
In the electric vehicle power control apparatus according to the present invention, since the backup capacitor is provided at the power supply terminal of the capacitor array, the instantaneous power supply to the electric vehicle that occurs when switching the series-parallel connection of the electric double layer capacitor is performed. Disconnection can be prevented.
[0019]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The present invention uses a plurality of electric double layer capacitors instead of a storage battery as a driving power source for an electric vehicle, and switches the series / parallel connection of the electric double layer capacitors in order to supply the optimum power required for the electric vehicle. It is an object of the present invention to provide an electric vehicle power control apparatus that can cope with the above.
[0020]
FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a power control apparatus for an electric vehicle according to the present invention.
In FIG. 1, a power control device 1 for an electric vehicle includes a capacitor array 2 in which a capacitor module containing an electric double layer capacitor is integrated, and the amount of electricity stored in the capacitor array 2 to monitor the capacitor module. Control means 3 for controlling on / off of switch elements for switching the series connection or parallel connection of the display, display means 4 for displaying the state of the electric quantity of the capacitor array 2, and a power supply terminal P1 of the capacitor array 2 , P2 backflow prevention diode D and backup capacitor C_BAnd controlling the driving of the electric vehicle with the amount of electricity stored in the electric double layer capacitor.
The power supply from the power supply terminals P1 and P2 to the electric vehicle is supplied via the backflow prevention diode D to the drive power supply E._DIs supplied.
[0021]
In addition, the electric vehicle power control apparatus 1 can quickly charge the capacitor array 2 from the external charger via the charging terminals J1 and J2 (charging voltage V_C) Is performed.
[0022]
  Further, the electric vehicle power control apparatus 1 connects an external throttle opening sensor 5 to the control means 3, and performs serial connection or parallel connection of capacitor modules based on the throttle opening detected by the throttle opening sensor 5. Switch and control to generate electric power corresponding to the state of the electric vehicle.The concept of “throttle opening” usually means the opening of a throttle valve for adjusting fuel to the internal combustion engine in an internal combustion engine automobile. However, it is obvious that the throttle valve is configured to be interlocked with the accelerator pedal, and the application object of the present invention is based on the electric vehicle. Therefore, in the specification and drawings of the present application, “Throttle opening” is used to mean “amount of accelerator pedal operation”.
[0023]
FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a capacitor module according to the present invention.
In FIG. 2, an arbitrary capacitor module M_KKIs the electric double layer capacitor C_KK, Bypass conductor L_KK, Switch element S_KKControl signal D provided with connection terminals B1 and B2 and supplied from the control means 3 shown in FIG._KKBased on the switch element S_KKON / OFF operation of the electric double layer capacitor C is controlled between the connection terminals B1 and B2._KKOr bypass conductor L between connection terminals B1-B2_KKShort circuit with.
[0024]
Electric double layer capacitor C_KKIs composed of a capacitor with a large capacity (for example, several farads), charged from an external charger shown in FIG. 1 to accumulate a predetermined amount of electricity (amount of charge), and connected to a plurality of charged capacitors. Stores the amount of electricity corresponding to the power required to drive an electric vehicle.
[0025]
Electric double layer capacitor C_KKAt both ends of the electric double layer capacitor C_KKThe amount of electricity stored in (for example, terminal voltage V_KK) To detect the terminal voltage V_KKIs supplied to the control means 3 shown in FIG._KKThe control means 3 is configured to always monitor the state of the amount of electricity stored in the control unit 3.
[0026]
Switch element S_KKConsists of a one-circuit, two-contact type electronic switch having a control terminal (for example, a combination of two power FETs), and a control signal D from the control means 3_KKThe electric double layer capacitor C in the normal state (solid line display)_KKIs connected to the connection terminal B1 and the capacitor module M_KKIs used as a capacitor, and in the break state (indicated by a broken line), the bypass conductor L_KKIs connected to the connection terminal B1, and the capacitor module S_KKIs used as a short bar.
[0027]
Next, the capacitor module M in FIG._KKA capacitor array in which a plurality of devices are connected in series and in parallel to serve as a driving power source for an electric vehicle will be described.
[0028]
FIG. 3 shows an overall configuration diagram of a capacitor array according to the present invention.
In FIG. 3, the capacitor array 2 includes a plurality of capacitor modules M._KKA plurality of capacitor modules M connected in series_KKCapacitor module M in which multiple capacitors are connected in parallel and arranged in a matrix₁₁~ M_NMAnd switch element S_U1~ S_UO, S_L1~ S_LOAnd conductor L₁~ L_OWith.
[0029]
Capacitor array 2 includes each capacitor module M₁₁~ M_NMElectric double layer capacitor C_KKEach terminal voltage V_KKTerminal to take out each capacitor module M₁₁~ M_NMEach switch element S of_KKON / OFF of the control signal D from the control means 3_KKControl terminal controlled by the switch element S_U1~ S_UO, S_L1~ S_LOControl signal D for controlling ON / OFF of_SProvide a terminal for supplying
[0030]
Switch element S_U1~ S_UOIs a control signal D from the control means 3_SCapacitor module M based on₁₁~ M_1M-1Are connected to the positive (+) power supply line of the capacitor array 2 or the conductor L.₁~ L_OIt connects to one of these.
[0031]
On the other hand, switch element S_L1~ S_LOIs a control signal D from the control means 3_SCapacitor module M based on_N2~ M_NMIs connected to the negative (−) power supply line of the capacitor array 2 or the conductor L.₁~ L_OIt connects to the other of these.
[0032]
Capacitor module M₁₁~ M_N1, M₁₂~ M_N2... M_1M~ M_NMAre connected in series, and the switch element S_U1~ S_UOAnd switch element S_L1~ S_LOThe connection is switched by, for example, the switch element S in the charged state or the full charged state._U1~ S_UOIs connected to the positive (+) power supply line of the capacitor array 2 (shown by a solid line) and the switch element S_L1~ S_LOIs connected to the negative (-) power supply line of capacitor array 2 (indicated by a solid line), so that N capacitor modules M each₁₁~ M_N1, M₁₂~ M_N2... M_1M~ M_NMAre connected in series, and M sets of capacitor modules M connected in series₁₁~ M_N1, M₁₂~ M_N2... M_1M~ M_NMAre connected in parallel to form a power supply for an electric vehicle with N rows and M columns.
[0033]
When the electric vehicle runs for a predetermined time and the terminal voltage of the capacitor array 2 decreases, the switch element S_U1~ S_UOAnd switch element S_L1~ S_LOA predetermined number of conductors L₁~ L_OThe connection is switched to ensure the amount of electricity necessary to continue running. Similarly, when the load becomes heavy, the switch element S_U1~ S_UOAnd switch element S_L1~ S_LOThe amount of electricity corresponding to the load is secured.
[0034]
N capacitors connected in series M₁₁~ M_N1, M₁₂~ M_N2... M_1M~ M_NMIs a switching element S shown in FIG._KKON / OFF of the control signal D from the control means 3_KKAny number of serial connections from 1 to N can be selected.
[0035]
Therefore, the capacitor module M corresponds to the amount of electricity in the capacitor array 2 or the load state of the electric vehicle.₁₁~ M_NMBy switching the connection, a power source for driving an electric vehicle can be formed with a degree of freedom within the range of the total charge stored in the capacitor array 2.
[0036]
Capacitor module M₁₁~ M_NMEach terminal voltage V_KKIs taken out from the terminal as an analog voltage value and supplied to the control means 3, and the control means 3 receives the terminal voltage V_KKConstantly monitoring the switch element S_KK, S_U1~ S_UOAnd switch element S_L1~ S_LOSwitch the connection of capacitor module M₁₁~ M_NMSwitch the series-parallel connection.
[0037]
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the main part of the control means of the electric vehicle power control apparatus according to the present invention.
In FIG. 4, the control means 3 includes a voltage detection means 20, an A / D conversion means 11, an electric quantity calculation means 12, a voltage comparison means 13, a setting means 14, a connection switching signal generation means 15, a connection switching stop means 16, an electric charge. An amount comparison unit 17, a failure determination unit 18, and a timing pulse generation unit 19 are provided.
[0038]
The voltage detection means 20 is constituted by, for example, a differential amplifier, and each capacitor module M of the capacitor array 2.₁₁~ M_NMTerminal voltage V_KKThe analog detection voltage V_KODetected by the detection voltage signal V_KOIs supplied to the A / D conversion means 11.
[0039]
The A / D conversion means 11 is composed of an A / D converter, and a timing pulse T supplied from a timing pulse generation means 19 is used._P1Based on each capacitor module M₁₁~ M_NMAnalog detection voltage signal V from_KOSequentially detect digital voltage V_DA / D conversion into detection voltage signal V_DIs provided to the electric quantity calculation means 12.
[0040]
The electric quantity calculation means 12 includes a temporary storage means, a memory such as a ROM, an addition calculation function, an average value calculation function, and a charge amount calculation function, and the detection voltage signal V provided from the A / D conversion means 11._DIs temporarily stored, and then the timing pulse T from the timing pulse generating means 19 is stored._P2Based on the detected voltage signal V temporarily stored_DAre sequentially read out and the terminal voltage V of the capacitor array 2 by the addition operation function_DTTo calculate this terminal voltage signal V_DTIs provided to the voltage comparison means 13, the setting means 14, and the connection switching stop means 16.
[0041]
In addition, the electric quantity calculation means 12 includes a capacitor module M₁₁~ M_NMIs stored in the ROM, and the capacitor module M₁₁~ M_NMDetection voltage V_DAnd the total capacitance Q of the capacitor array 2_DTTo calculate the charge signal Q_DTIs provided to the charge amount comparison means 17.
[0042]
Furthermore, the electric quantity calculation means 12 is connected to the capacitor module M₁₁~ M_NMAverage terminal voltage V_AVTo calculate the average terminal voltage signal V_AVIs provided to the failure determination means 18.
[0043]
The voltage comparison means 13 is a capacitor module M₁₁~ M_NMStandard terminal voltage V of capacitor array 2 when fully charged_DTRReference value V of a predetermined ratio_K(For example, standard terminal voltage V_DTR40 to 30%) of the terminal voltage signal V supplied from the electric quantity calculation means 12_DTAnd reference value V_KTerminal voltage V_DTIs the reference value V_KBelow (V_DT≦ V_K), For example, an H level comparison signal H_OIs provided to the setting means 14.
[0044]
The setting means 14 is constituted by a memory such as a ROM, and the terminal voltage V of the capacitor array 2 based on a design value or an experimental value in advance._DTUpdate voltage E corresponding to_KThe H level comparison signal H supplied from the voltage comparison means 13 is set._OAnd the terminal voltage signal V supplied from the electric quantity calculation means 12_DTBased on the update voltage E_KIs read from the ROM, and the update voltage signal E_KIs provided to the connection switching stop means 16 and the display means 4 shown in FIG.
[0045]
Further, the setting means 14 is connected to the terminal voltage V of the capacitor array 2._DTUpdate voltage E_KSwitch element S_KKAnd switch element S_U1~ S_UO, S_L1~ S_LOON / OFF pattern setting signal S for setting connection switching_TIs supplied to the connection switching signal generating means 15.
[0046]
The connection switching signal generating means 15 includes an encoding means, and a setting signal S supplied from the setting means 14._TIs converted into a binary code, for example, and the capacitor module M shown in FIG._KKSwitch element S_KKControl signal D for controlling ON / OFF of_KK, And switch element S_U1~ S_UO, S_L1~ S_LOControl signal D for controlling ON / OFF of_SIs generated.
[0047]
The connection switching stop means 16 is composed of, for example, a comparator using a differential amplifier or the like, and an update voltage signal E supplied from the setting means 14._KTerminal voltage signal V supplied from the electric quantity calculation means 12_DTAnd the control signal D_KKAnd control signal D_SBased on the switch element S_KK, S_U1~ S_UOAnd S_L1~ S_LOCapacitor module M by ON / OFF operation₁₁~ M_NMAs a result of execution of connection switching, a new terminal voltage V_DTIs the update voltage E_K(V_DT≧ E_K), For example, an H level inhibition signal I_HIs supplied to the voltage comparison means 13, and the comparison signal H from the voltage comparison means 13 is supplied._OProhibit output.
[0048]
Comparison signal H from voltage comparison means 13_OIs prohibited, the setting means 14 sends the immediately preceding setting signal S._TControl signal D output from the connection switching signal generating means 15_KKAnd control signal D_SCompare signal H_OIs kept at the value just before it was forbidden.
[0049]
And the update voltage E_KTerminal voltage V set to_DTDecreases with the power consumption of the electric vehicle, the standard terminal voltage V_DTRReference value V of a predetermined ratio_KWhen it becomes below, a new update voltage E preset by the setting means 14 again._KFrom the connection switching signal generating means 15, the control signal D_KKAnd control signal D_SIs output.
[0050]
The charge amount comparison means 17 is constituted by a comparator or the like, and the charge signal Q supplied from the electricity amount calculation means 12._DTAnd the reference charge Q that needs to be charged_KAnd the charge signal Q_DTIs the reference charge Q_KBelow (Q_DT≦ Q_K), The charge request signal S_QIs provided to the display means 4.
[0051]
The failure determination means 18 is composed of a comparator or the like, and the capacitor module M supplied from the A / D conversion means 11₁₁~ M_NMDetection voltage signal V_DAnd the capacitor module M supplied from the electric quantity calculation means 12₁₁~ M_NMAverage terminal voltage signal V_AVAnd the detection voltage V_DIs the average terminal voltage V_AVWhen the value exceeds the specified range with the nominal value, the detection voltage V_DCapacitor module M corresponding to₁₁~ M_NMIs determined to be abnormal and the failure determination signal S_VIs provided to the display means 4.
[0052]
Thus, the control means 3 of the electric vehicle power control apparatus 1 according to the present invention monitors the amount of electricity stored in the electric double layer capacitor and switches the switch element S._KK, S_U1~ S_UOAnd S_L1~ S_LOSince the on / off switching of the electric double layer capacitor is controlled and the series-parallel connection of the electric double layer capacitor is switched, the necessary amount of electricity can be supplied to the electric vehicle.
[0053]
In addition, the electric vehicle power control device 1 according to the present invention includes a terminal voltage V of the electric double layer capacitor._KKIs provided, and the control means 3 is configured to control the terminal voltage V detected by the voltage detection means 20._KOSince the series-parallel connection of the electric double layer capacitor is switched based on the terminal voltage V of the electric double layer capacitor_KKTherefore, it is possible to supply the necessary amount of electricity to the electric vehicle.
[0054]
FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing another main part of the control means of the electric vehicle power control apparatus according to the present invention.
In FIG. 5, the control means 21 is an analog throttle opening signal K detected by a throttle opening sensor 5 provided outside._SAnd the analog terminal voltage signal V detected by the voltage detection means 20_KKA / D conversion means 22 for A / D conversion, throttle opening comparison means 23, comparison signal H from voltage comparison means 13_OAnd a comparison signal K from the throttle opening comparison means 23_OAND unit 24 for calculating the logical product of the capacitor module M₁₁~ M_NMSwitching the series-parallel connection of the terminal voltage signal V_KKAnd throttle opening signal K_S4 is basically different from the control unit 3 shown in FIG. 4 in that the setting unit 14 sets the on / off pattern.
The configuration blocks of the control means 21 excluding the throttle opening comparison means 23 and the AND operation means 24 are the same as those shown in FIG.
[0055]
The A / D conversion means 22 is an analog terminal voltage signal V_KKAnd throttle opening signal K_SIs the digital terminal voltage V_DAnd throttle opening K_DTerminal voltage signal V_DElectric quantity calculation means 12, throttle opening signal K_DIs supplied to the throttle opening comparison means 23.
[0056]
The throttle opening comparison means 23 is constituted by a comparator, and a preset throttle opening reference value K_RAnd throttle opening signal K_DAnd the throttle opening signal K_DIs the reference value K_RBelow (K_D≦ K_R), For example, an H level comparison signal K_OIs provided to the AND operation means 24.
[0057]
Throttle opening reference value K_RIs set, for example, in the vicinity of the 10% value of the throttle opening fully open (100%).
Note that the throttle opening reference value K_RIs set to a value close to 10% because when the throttle opening is large, the capacitor module M₁₁~ M_NMThis is because when the switching of the series-parallel connection is performed, the power immediately before the switching is large, and therefore it is assumed that a state where the power required for driving cannot be supplied at the time of switching occurs.
[0058]
The AND operation means 24 is composed of an AND operation circuit (for example, an AND logic circuit), and the comparison signal H from the voltage comparison means 13 described with reference to FIG._OAnd a comparison signal K from the throttle opening comparison means 23_OAnd the comparison signal H_OAnd comparison signal K_OAND signal X at H level only when both are at H level_OIs provided to the setting means 14 and the setting means 14_KK, S_U1~ S_UOAnd S_L1~ S_LOThe on / off pattern is set to accurately determine the switching timing of the series-parallel connection.
[0059]
FIG. 6 shows a switching characteristic diagram of the series-parallel connection of the control means.
(A) The switching timing of the series-parallel connection is shown in the figure, and (b) the output recovery after switching is shown in the figure.
(A) In the figure, time t_OCapacitor array output V_DTIs the predetermined value V_DT1(For example, less than 40%), while the throttle opening K_SIs less than 10%, the control means 21 uses the capacitor module M.₁₁~ M_NMThe switching condition of the serial / parallel connection is determined based on the switching condition of the serial / parallel connection.
[0060]
In addition, in FIG._OCapacitor array output V_DTAnd throttle opening K_SIs shown to satisfy the switching condition at the same time, but the capacitor array output V_DTAnd throttle opening K_SSeries / parallel connection switching is executed at any time when the switching conditions are satisfied simultaneously.
[0061]
(B) In the figure, when the control means 21 controls switching of the series-parallel connection, the capacitor array output V_DTIs the update voltage E preset by the setting means 14_KAfter recovering until the power required for the load is supplied, the update voltage E_KGradually decreases over time.
[0062]
In FIG. 1, the display means 4 is composed of a visible display device such as a liquid crystal display, an audible display device such as an electro-acoustic converter, and a combination of both, and is supplied from the failure determination means 18 shown in FIG. Failure judgment signal S_VCapacitor module M based on₁₁~ M_NMDisplays whether or not is normal.
In addition, the display unit 4 updates the update voltage signal E supplied from the setting unit 14._KCapacitor module M based on₁₁~ M_NMUpdate voltage E newly set when switching the series-parallel connection_KIs displayed.
[0063]
Further, the display means 4 is supplied with a charge request signal S supplied from the charge amount comparison means 17._QTo indicate that charging is required.
[0064]
As described above, the control means 21 of the electric vehicle power control apparatus 1 according to the present invention uses the throttle opening K detected by the throttle opening sensor 5._SAnd the terminal voltage V detected by the voltage detection means 20_KKSince the series-parallel connection of the electric double layer capacitor is switched based on the above, it is possible to supply an optimal amount of electricity to the electric vehicle corresponding to the amount of electricity stored in the electric double layer capacitor and the load state of the electric vehicle.
[0065]
In addition, the control means 21 of the electric vehicle power control apparatus 1 according to the present invention includes a terminal voltage V_KKAnd throttle opening K_SCorresponding to the switch element S in advance_KK, S_U1~ S_UOAnd S_L1~ S_LOSince the setting means 14 for setting the ON / OFF pattern is provided, the switching timing of the series-parallel connection of the electric double layer capacitor can be accurately determined.
[0066]
Further, when the control means 3 in FIG. 4 and the control means 21 in FIG. 5 control switching of the series-parallel connection, a backflow prevention diode D is provided between the power supply terminals P1 and P2 of the capacitor array 2 shown in FIG. Backup capacitor C through_BAre connected to compensate for the instantaneous power interruption (usually several ms) of the capacitor array 2 that occurs at the time of switching.
[0067]
Thus, the electric vehicle power control apparatus 1 according to the present invention has a backup capacitor C connected to the power supply terminal of the capacitor array 2._BTherefore, it is possible to prevent an instantaneous interruption of the power supply to the electric vehicle that occurs when switching the series-parallel connection of the electric double layer capacitor.
[0068]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the power control apparatus for an electric vehicle according to the present invention monitors the amount of electricity stored in the electric double layer capacitor to control switching on / off of the switch element, and series-parallel of the electric double layer capacitor. Since the connection is switched, a necessary amount of electricity can be supplied to the electric vehicle, and the stored electric energy can be used efficiently.
[0069]
Further, the electric vehicle power control apparatus according to the present invention is provided with voltage detection means for detecting the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor, and the control means is based on the terminal voltage detected by the voltage detection means. Since the amount of electricity corresponding to the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor can be secured, the amount of electricity necessary for the electric vehicle can be supplied, and the charged electric energy can be effectively used. Can be used.
[0070]
Furthermore, the control means of the electric vehicle power control apparatus according to the present invention switches the series-parallel connection of the electric double layer capacitor based on the throttle opening detected by the throttle opening sensor and the terminal voltage detected by the voltage detection means. The electric quantity stored in the electric double layer capacitor and the electric vehicle's load state can be optimally supplied to the electric vehicle, and the power is sufficient even in the high load state when the terminal voltage drops Can be supplied.
[0071]
In addition, since the control means of the electric vehicle power control device according to the present invention includes setting means for previously setting the on / off pattern of the switch element corresponding to the terminal voltage and the throttle opening, the electric double layer capacitor The switching timing of the series-parallel connection can be accurately determined, and stable operation performance can be maintained even if the terminal voltage decreases.
[0072]
Furthermore, the power control apparatus for an electric vehicle according to the present invention includes a backup capacitor at the power supply terminal of the capacitor array, and instantaneously supplies power to the electric vehicle that occurs when switching the series-parallel connection of the electric double layer capacitor. Therefore, it is possible to eliminate the unnaturalness of the driving performance that occurs at the time of switching and to assure stable driving performance.
[0073]
Therefore, it is possible to provide a power control apparatus for an electric vehicle that can efficiently use finite electric energy that is charged and that can obtain stable driving performance.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a power control apparatus for an electric vehicle according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a capacitor module according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an overall configuration diagram of a capacitor array according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the main part of the control means of the electric vehicle power control apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of another main part of the control means of the electric vehicle power control apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a switching characteristic diagram of series-parallel connection of control means.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Electric vehicle power control device, 2 ... Capacitor array, 3, 21 ... Control means, 4 ... Display means, 5 ... Throttle opening sensor, 11, 22 ... A / D conversion means, 12 ... Electric quantity calculation means , 13 ... voltage comparison means, 14 ... setting means, 15 ... connection switching signal generation means, 16 ... connection switching stop means, 17 ... charge amount comparison means, 18 ... failure determination means, 19 ... timing pulse generation means, 20 ... voltage Detection means, 23 ... throttle opening comparison means, 24 ... logical product calculation means, C_B... Capacitor for backup, C_KK... Electric double layer capacitor, D ... Backflow prevention diode, D_KK, D_S... Control signal, E_D... Drive power supply, E_K... update voltage, H_O, K_O... Comparison signal, J1, J2 ... Charge terminal, K_D, K_S... Throttle opening signal, M₁₁~ M_NM... Capacitor module, P1, P2 ... Power supply terminal, Q_DT... Total charge, S_Q... Charge request signal, S_T... Setting signal, S_V... Failure determination signal, T_P1, T_P2... Timing pulse, V_AV... Average terminal voltage, V_DT, V_KK... Terminal voltage, X_o... AND signal.

Claims (5)

A capacitor array in which a capacitor module containing an electric double layer capacitor is integrated, a plurality of switch elements that connect a plurality of the capacitor modules in series and in parallel, and on / off switching of each of the switch elements is controlled. An electric vehicle power control device for controlling the driving of the electric vehicle by the amount of electricity stored in the electric double layer capacitor.
The plurality of capacitor modules of the capacitor array are connected in series with N capacitor modules M _{11 to} M _N1 , M _{12 to} M _N2 ,..., M _{1M to} M _NM , respectively. M sets of capacitor modules M _{11 to} M _N1 , M _{12 to} M _N2 ,..., M _{1M to} M _NM are connected in parallel, and the array structure has N rows and M columns.
The plurality of switch elements are first switch elements S _U1 arranged corresponding to each of the M sets of capacitor modules M _{11 to} M _N1 , M _{12 to} M _N2 ,..., M _{1M to} M _NM. from ~S and _U0 and the second switching element S _L1 ~S _L0, conductors L ₁ ~L ₀ Metropolitan disposed between each of the first switching element S _U1 ~S _U0 and the second switch element S _L1 ~S _L0 Configured,
The control means monitors the amount of electricity stored in the electric double layer capacitor and controls on / off switching of the first switch elements S _{U1 to} S _U0 and the second switch elements S _{L1 to} S _L0 , M The capacitor modules M _{11 to} M _N1 , M _{12 to} M _N2 ,..., M _{1M to} M _NM are changed in connection relation with the conductors L _{1 to} L ₀ to change the electric double layer capacitor. A power control apparatus for an electric vehicle characterized by switching a series-parallel connection.   Voltage detection means for detecting a terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor is provided, and the control means switches the series-parallel connection of the electric double layer capacitor based on the terminal voltage detected by the voltage detection means. The electric power control apparatus for electric vehicles of Claim 1. The provided electrical detection to Rousset capacitors the accelerator operation amount of the vehicle, the control unit may direct the electric double layer capacitor based on a detection signal and the voltage detecting means terminal voltage detected the previous xenon capacitors outputs 3. The electric vehicle power control apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the parallel connection is switched. Wherein, the terminal voltage and the detection signal corresponding to advance the switching element of the on / off pattern characterized by comprising setting means for setting a third aspect electric vehicle power control apparatus as claimed.   2. The electric vehicle power control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a backup capacitor is provided at a power supply terminal of the capacitor array.

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