JP3686513B2 - Manufacturing method of coated metal plate with smooth uneven appearance - Google Patents

Manufacturing method of coated metal plate with smooth uneven appearance Download PDF

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JP3686513B2
JP3686513B2 JP891698A JP891698A JP3686513B2 JP 3686513 B2 JP3686513 B2 JP 3686513B2 JP 891698 A JP891698 A JP 891698A JP 891698 A JP891698 A JP 891698A JP 3686513 B2 JP3686513 B2 JP 3686513B2
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resin
paint
metal plate
coating
coating film
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JPH11207249A (en
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洋 金井
賢治 稲田
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、建材用、自動車用、家電・器物用等に用いられる、凹凸のある外観を持つ塗装金属板の製造方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
金属板への塗装は、従来金属板を成形加工した後に行われていた。このいわゆるポストコートの塗装は、エアスプレー、エアレススプレー、静電塗装、或いはこれらの組み合わせ技術で行われ、乾燥後の外観は、滑らかな凹凸のあるユズ肌状外観となる。
一方、近年、公害問題の解決、塗装スペースの有効活用、コストダウン等の観点から、あらかじめ金属板に被覆層を設けた塗装金属板が広く用いられるようになっている。塗装金属板は、ロールコーターやカーテンコーターで塗装され、その表面は平滑であり、美観な外観を呈している。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
塗装金属板の用途が広がり、また需要量が増えるに従って、問題点も見られるようになってきた。その一つは、塗膜のキズ付き性である。平滑な塗装金属板の塗膜は、凹凸のあるユズ肌外観のポストコートの塗膜に比べて小さなキズでも目立ちやすいという欠点がある。製造時、輸送時、加工成形時のキズのいずれも、凹凸のある外観のほうが目立ちにくい。
また、塗装後の金属板を積み重ねて放置しておいたときに生じるプレッシャーマークも、平滑な塗装金属板の塗膜で目立ちやすいことが多い。
更に、塗装金属板の適用部位によっては、むしろ周辺のポストコートされた金属板との調和が要求される場合もある。
【0004】
これらの問題点を解決する方法として、特願平9−28134号、特願平9−28135号、特願平9−98573号等の滑らかな凹凸のある外観を持つ塗装金属板が提案されている。しかし、これらの発明に使用される塗料は、カーテンコーターで塗布するときに、空気同伴を起こしやすいという欠点を持っていた。この理由は明確ではないが、いずれも表面張力が塗料よりも低い樹脂ビーズが含有されているために、表面張力の不均一を生じるためではないかと考えられる。
本発明は、上述の問題点を解決するために、滑らかな凹凸のある外観を持つ塗装金属板を効率よく、欠陥なく製造する方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、滑らかな凹凸のある外観を持つ塗装金属板の製造方法であって、第1層として樹脂Aをバインダー成分とした塗料Aを塗布し、強制的な乾燥や硬化をすることなく第1層を形成させ、引き続いて熱硬化性樹脂Cをバインダー成分とし、樹脂Cを架橋するための架橋剤成分を含有する塗料に、その塗料Cの表面張力より低い表面張力を持ち、常温で固体であり、塗料A及びCには溶解せず、かつそれら塗料の焼付け過程で溶融する樹脂Bを混合した塗料を金属板に塗布して第2層を形成させ、その後、強制的な乾燥や硬化により金属板表面に塗膜を形成させることを特徴とする滑らかな凹凸のある外観を持つ塗装金属板の製造方法である。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。
滑らかな凹凸のある外観を発現する基本的な原理は以下の通りであると考えられる。表面張力差によって、塗料を塗布した後の塗膜表面に、その温度(常温)で固体である樹脂Bを配向させることによって塗膜表面に凸部を形成し、その凸部を塗膜の焼付け乾燥過程で適度にレベリングさせることによって、乾燥後の塗膜に滑らかな凹凸を持つ外観を与える。樹脂Bへの塗料の濡れが悪いことによって、樹脂Bは塗膜表面に接して存在しやすく、樹脂Bが塗膜表面に存在する部分で塗料が盛り上がって凸部を形成する。この凸部の高さは、塗膜の乾燥過程におこるレベリングによって小さくなるが、塗料が熱硬化性樹脂をバインダー成分とするため、乾燥過程のある時点で塗膜のレベリングが止まり、滑らかな凹凸を持つ外観を与えるものである。
【0007】
本発明は、まず樹脂Bを含まない塗料Aを金属板上に塗布し、この層を強制的な乾燥や硬化をせずに、樹脂Bを含む塗料Cをウェット−オン−ウェットで塗布することに特徴がある。樹脂Bを含む塗料は、塗布性が悪く、特にカーテンコーターで塗布すると空気同伴による欠陥、樹脂Bの凝集による線状の欠陥等、樹脂Bがあるが故の欠陥を塗布時に生じやすい。本発明は、塗布性の悪い樹脂Bを含む塗料によって凹凸のある外観を得ようとするときに、まず樹脂Bを含まない塗料Aを塗布して、この塗膜を強制的な乾燥・硬化をすることなく、この上から樹脂Bを含む塗料Cをウェット−オン−ウェットで塗布し、両層の塗膜を同時に強制乾燥、或いは硬化することで、滑らかな凹凸のある外観を発現するとともに、塗布時の欠陥を防止して、製造時の歩留を向上することを目的としている。
【0008】
第1層として樹脂Bを含まない塗料Aを塗布することで、第2層の塗料Cの塗布時に発生する欠陥を目立たなくする、あるいは無くすることができる。特に、塗料Aと樹脂Bを含まない塗料Cとが同じ塗料の場合には、たとえば塗料Cを塗布したときに空気同伴等の欠陥が発生しても、焼付け時に下に塗装されている塗料Aとの混合が起こって欠陥が消滅したり、目立たなくなったりする効果がある。また、塗料A中の樹脂Aと塗料C中の樹脂Cが同じ樹脂の場合には、両樹脂はまざりやすく、一体となって密着性が向上する。塗料Aの表面張力を、塗料Cの表面張力より大きくすると、塗料Cを塗布したときの塗料A上への塗料Cの濡れ広がりが容易におこるため、空気同伴等の欠陥が発生しにくくなる。
【0009】
本発明における樹脂Bの表面張力は、樹脂Bを除いた状態での塗料Cの表面張力より低いことが必要である。塗料Cの表面張力と樹脂Bの表面張力の関係は、以下のようにして調べることができる。まず、塗料に樹脂Bを加えた後、その塗料を鋼板上に焼付け板温230℃となるように焼き付けたときの乾燥膜厚が樹脂Bの固体状態での平均粒径より厚くなるように塗布し、樹脂Bが溶融状態にならない温度(樹脂Bの軟化点以下)で5分程度乾燥し、溶剤を極力揮発させる。次いで、この塗り板を切断して樹脂に埋め込み、塗り板の断面方向から塗膜を観察する。樹脂Bが塗膜の表面に接するように浮上しているか、または樹脂Bの一部が塗膜の表面から空気側に出ており、かつ、樹脂Bが塗膜の表面と接触する部分のつくる角度が40度より大きいときに、樹脂Bの表面張力は、塗料の表面張力より小さいと判定する。
【0010】
このとき、樹脂Bは鋼板側の界面とは接していないことを前提とする。これは樹脂Bの表面張力が塗料より小さい場合には、樹脂Bが塗布、乾燥の過程で一旦塗膜表面に接すると、そのまま表面に残るほうが塗膜中に潜るよりも系の表面自由エネルギーが低くなるため、樹脂Bが表面に接したままで存在しようとする力が働くことを利用している。表面に接している樹脂Bの表面張力が、塗料の表面張力より小さいほど、樹脂Bに接する塗料はよりはじかれた状態となり、塗料が樹脂Bに接する角度が大きくなることも利用している。樹脂B上に塗料を滴下して接触角を測定することを考えると、樹脂Bが塗料に濡れにくいほど、つまり樹脂Bの表面張力が塗料より小さいほど、接触角が大きくなる現象と同じである。
【0011】
実験の結果、塗膜の表面に接する樹脂Bと塗料の接触角は40度以上のときに、樹脂Bが塗膜表面に接して存在する場合の、塗膜の凸部の形成が大きくなり、より凹凸外観が明確になることがわかった。これらの様子を図1に示す。すなわち、図1は樹脂Bの表面張力が元の塗料よりも小さい状態を示す塗膜の断面図である。この図のように、樹脂Bは塗膜表面に浮いており、また、樹脂Bへの塗料の接触角θは40度よりも大きいし、膜厚は樹脂Bの平均粒径よりも大きくしているので、樹脂Bが下地との界面に接することは少ない条件となっている。
【0012】
しかも、塗布、乾燥の過程で表面に接する機会のなかった樹脂Bはそのまま塗膜中に残っている。塗膜中に残っている樹脂Bは観察の対象外である。樹脂Bの比重が塗料より軽い場合にも、樹脂Bが塗膜表面に接して存在することが考えられるが、もし樹脂Bの表面張力が塗料より大きい場合には、樹脂Bの表面は塗料で濡らされ、樹脂Bへの塗料の接触角は40度より大きくならず、樹脂Bによる凸部形成が不十分となり、十分凹凸のある外観が得られない。
【0013】
樹脂Bは、常温で固体であって、樹脂Bを加えない状態の塗料A及びCに溶解しないことが求められる。常温とは、通常の塗装金属板の製造設備における塗装時の温度であり、設備のある場所によるが、冬場は−10℃、夏場は40℃程度である。樹脂Bは、塗料が塗装される温度で固体であれば問題ない。樹脂Bが固体でなく、液体であると、この塗料を塗装した直後の塗膜表面の凸部の形成が不十分となる。
【0014】
また、樹脂Bが塗料AやCに容易に溶解すると、樹脂Bが液状であるのと同じことになり、この塗料を塗装した直後の塗膜表面の凸部の形成が不十分となる。つまり、塗料を製造してから、塗装されるまでに、仮に樹脂Bが塗料中の溶剤に少し溶解し、あるいは膨潤したとしても、塗装されるときに固体であれば、凸部の形成に不都合はない。
樹脂Bの種類は特に限定されることはなく、公知の樹脂を用いることができる。フッ素樹脂、アクリル樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、塩化ビニル樹脂、ブチラール樹脂、ポリオレフィン樹脂、あるいはこれらの混合物、共重合体等が例として挙げられる。
【0015】
樹脂Bは、塗料の焼付け過程で溶融状態になることが必要である。樹脂Bが焼付け過程で溶融すると、塗膜の凹凸がより滑らかに形成され、外観に優れることを見いだした。樹脂Bが焼付け過程で溶融しないと、よりゴツゴツした感じの滑らかでない凹凸を持つ塗膜となる。塗膜の外観は好みの問題があり、どちらが良いとは一概には言えないが、本発明では、樹脂Bは焼付け過程で溶融状態となるように選択する。温度が制御できる鉄板の上に樹脂Bを乗せ、鉄板の温度を15℃/分の速度で昇温し、樹脂Bが目視で溶融状態になったときの鉄板の温度を、樹脂Bの軟化点と称する。樹脂Bの軟化点は、塗料の焼付け板温よりも低いことが必要である。
【0016】
樹脂Bの大きさは特に限定されないが、最大粒径は100μm以下であることが望ましい。100μmを越えると、ロールコーターやカーテンコーター、ローラーカーテンコーターでの塗装作業性が悪くなる。
樹脂Bの塗料C中への配合量も特に限定されるものではないが、乾燥塗膜中に重量で2〜30%含まれていることが望ましい。1%以下では凸部の形成が不十分となり、30%以上では凹凸の滑らかさがやや悪くなったり、また、塗膜物性特に加工性が低下することがある。
【0017】
本発明の塗料A及びC中のバインダー樹脂の種類は特に限定されることはなく、公知の樹脂を用いることができる。塗料A中の樹脂Aは熱硬化性樹脂、熱可塑性樹脂の両者が使用できる。一方、塗料C中の樹脂Cには熱硬化性樹脂が必須である。樹脂としては、フッ素樹脂、アクリル樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ブチラール樹脂、あるいはこれらの混合物、共重合体等が例として挙げられる。
【0018】
凹凸をより鮮明に発現するためには、バインダー樹脂Cとして熱硬化性樹脂を用いる。熱可塑性樹脂をバインダー樹脂Cとして用いると、塗膜の焼付け乾燥過程で温度の上昇とともに塗膜中の樹脂の粘度が低下し、塗膜を形成した直後に形成された凸部のレベリングが進みすぎて、凹凸が少なくなってしまうからである。バインダー樹脂の架橋成分としては、メラミン樹脂、ベンゾグアナミン樹脂等のアミノ樹脂、イソシアネート樹脂、あるいはブロックイソシアネート樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、酸過剰ポリエステル樹脂等の酸基を含む樹脂、フェノール樹脂等が挙げられる。また、バインダー樹脂AやCの分子中に架橋に寄与する官能基、あるいはブロックされた官能基を含んでいても良い。塗料中の樹脂Aも、熱硬化性樹脂であることが、樹脂Cが熱硬化性樹脂である理由と同じ理由で望ましい。
また、塗料Aによる第1層と塗料Cによる第2層の層間密着性を確保するために、塗料AとCとは同じ塗料、あるいは同じ種類の樹脂系を用いた塗料であることが望ましい。
【0019】
塗装金属板を製造する通常のラインでは、焼付けの板温は最大でも250℃程度、通常は210〜240℃程度であることを考えると、エネルギーコストを増大させずに、効率的に塗装鋼板を製造するためには、塗料の焼付け温度もこの範囲であることが望ましい。従って、樹脂Aとその架橋成分も250℃より低い焼付け板温で焼付け可能であることが望ましい。この点から、樹脂Bの軟化点も、塗膜の焼付け過程で樹脂Bを溶融させるために、250℃以下であることが望ましい。さらに、塗膜の焼付け硬化が充分進み、塗膜の流動性が完全になくなってから樹脂Bが溶融すると、塗膜の凹凸に滑らかさが不足する。実験により、塗膜の焼付け板温(最高到達板温)よりも、樹脂Bの軟化点が30℃以上低いときに、特に滑らかな凹凸を生じることがわかった。つまり、樹脂Bの軟化点は210℃以下で、かつ塗料の焼付け板温よりも30℃以上低いことが望ましい。
【0020】
塗装金属板には、加工性、硬度、耐汚染性、耐薬品性など多くの性能が要求されるため、使用されている主樹脂の種類はポリエステル樹脂、アクリル樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、塩化ビニル樹脂、フッ素樹脂にほぼ限定されている。樹脂Bは塗膜中に残り、塗膜の性能に影響を与えるので、樹脂Bの種類も、この中から選択することが望ましい。この内、フッ素樹脂は、融点や軟化点が高いため、前述の樹脂Bに望ましい軟化点である230℃より高いものが多いこと、さらに高価であることから望ましくない。
樹脂A、Cとしては、加工性に優れ、硬度や耐汚染性など他の性能とのバランスがとりやすいポリエステル樹脂が最も適している。架橋剤としては、メラミン樹脂、ベンゾグアナミン樹脂等のアミノ樹脂やイソシアネート樹脂が、加工性と他の性能のバランスの点から優れている。
【0021】
金属板としては、たとえば鋼板、アルミ板、ステンレス板、チタン板、銅板等が挙げられる。このうち鋼板の例として、冷延鋼板、熱延鋼板、亜鉛めっき鋼板、合金化亜鉛めっき鋼板、亜鉛−鉄合金めっき鋼板、亜鉛−アルミ合金めっき鋼板、アルミめっき鋼板、クロムめっき鋼板、ニッケルめっき鋼板、亜鉛−ニッケル合金めっき鋼板、すずめっき鋼板等が挙げられる。
次いで金属板には必要に応じて前処理を施すことができる。前処理としては、水洗、湯洗、酸洗、アルカリ脱脂、研削、研磨、クロメート処理、リン酸亜鉛処理、複合酸化皮膜処理等があり、これらを単独または組み合わせて塗装前処理を行う。塗装前処理の条件は適宜選択すればよい。
【0022】
次いで必要に応じて、下塗り塗料を金属板上に塗布し、硬化乾燥させることにより下塗り塗膜層を形成することができる。下塗り塗料としては、種類は特に限定されないが、ポリエステル樹脂系、エポキシ樹脂系、ウレタン樹脂系、アクリル樹脂系等があり、これをロールコーター、カーテンフローコーター、ローラーカーテンコーター、静電塗装機、ハケ、ブレードコーター、ダイコーター等で必要な膜厚になるように塗装し、次いで常温放置であるいは熱風炉、誘導加熱炉、近赤外線炉、遠赤外線炉、エネルギー線硬化炉等で硬化乾燥することによって下塗り塗膜層が得られる。下塗り塗膜層には必要に応じて公知の顔料や添加剤を加えることができる。膜厚は任意であるが、塗装金属板においては1〜30μm程度、特に3〜12μmの乾燥膜厚が一般的である。乾燥条件は塗料の内容と得たい性能に応じて適宜選択すればよいが、熱風炉や誘導加熱炉、近赤外線炉等で最高到達板温150〜240℃、到達時間10〜200秒程度の条件が一般的である。下塗り塗膜層はなくてもよいし、1層であっても、多層であっても差し支えない。
【0023】
次に、塗料A(樹脂Bを含まない)を塗布する。塗料内容の詳細はすでに述べた通りである。この塗料を、ロールコーター、カーテンフローコーター、ローラーカーテンコーター、静電塗装機、ハケ、ブレードコーター、ダイコーター等で必要な膜厚になるように塗装する。塗装方法としては、ロールコーターが最も適している。
次いで、塗料A(樹脂Bを含まない)の層を強制的な乾燥、硬化することなく、塗料C(樹脂Bを含む)を塗布する。塗布の手段は特に限定されず、ロールコート法によってもよいが、ウェット−オン−ウェットで塗布するので、非接触であるカーテンフローコーター、ダイコーター、静電塗布、スプレー塗布等が適している。
【0024】
次いで熱風炉、誘導加熱炉、近赤外線炉、遠赤外線炉等で、樹脂Bの軟化点以上の温度で硬化乾燥する(樹脂Bは焼付け過程で溶融状態となる)。塗膜層の厚みは特に限定されるものではないが、乾燥膜厚として両層併せて5〜40μmとなるように製造するのが普通である。初めに塗装する層と、後から塗装する層の膜厚はそれぞれ限定されるものではなく、適宜選択できる。コストを考えるとできるだけ低い膜厚で美麗な外観を得ることが望ましく、欠陥の発生を防止する、あるいは目立たなくするという観点で考えると、第1層目は比較的薄くて良く0.5〜10μm、第2層目は凹凸外観を得るためのビーズが含有されることを考慮して5〜20μm程度が適当である。
【0025】
塗料の色は特に限定されない。クリアーでもよい。また、下塗り、上塗り塗料A、Cともに必要に応じて消泡剤、レベリング剤等の添加剤や、体質顔料、着色顔料、防錆顔料等の公知の顔料、キシレン、シクロヘキサノン、ソルベッソ150、ブチルセロソルブ等の公知の溶剤等を加えることができる。また、樹脂A、Cが水系樹脂の場合には、水やブチルセロソルブなどの水に混ざる溶剤を加えることが可能である。
また、この滑らかな凹凸を持つ塗膜の上にさらに、塗膜を塗り重ねることも可能である。たとえば、クリアー塗膜を塗り重ねて光沢の向上をはかる、保護層とする、別の機能を付与するなどが考えられる。また、色のついたエナメル塗膜を塗り重ねても良い。また、滑らかな凹凸を持つ塗膜を重ねて形成してもよい。
【0026】
【実施例】
本発明の塗装金属板の実施例を説明する。
厚み0.6mmの溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板に塗装前処理用の塗布型クロメート処理を施し(Crとして50mg/m2 の付着量)、下塗りとして市販のポリエステル樹脂系プライマー塗料(日本ペイント製P185)を乾燥膜厚が5μmとなるようにロールコーターで塗布したのち、高周波誘導加熱炉で最高到達板温215℃となるように焼き付けた。
ついで塗料A(樹脂Bを含まない)をロールコーターで塗布したのち、塗料C(樹脂Bを含む)をローラーカーテンコーターで塗布し、高周波誘導加熱炉で焼き付けた。2層に塗り重ねた塗膜層は、最高到達板温は230℃となるように焼付けを行った。塗料A、Cの内容(樹脂の種類等)と乾燥膜厚を表1に示した。
【0027】
【表1】

Figure 0003686513
【0028】
使用した樹脂A、Cとしては、平均分子量16000と平均分子量10000のポリエステル樹脂を用いた。前者をポリエステル樹脂1、後者をポリエステル樹脂2とした。いずれもメラミン樹脂で架橋した。メラミン樹脂として、メチル化メラミン樹脂/ブチル化メラミン樹脂=70/30(固形分重量比)の混合物を用い、ポリエステル樹脂/メラミン樹脂=70/30(固形分重量比)で配合した。この樹脂組成物に、チタン白を顔料重量濃度50%となるように分散して塗料A、Cを得た。塗料Cには、表面張力を下げるためにシリコン系添加剤を塗料中に0.05%添加した水準も試験した。
塗料Cに配合する樹脂Bとしては、結晶性で軟化点110℃、平均粒径が40μmのポリエステル樹脂を用いた。表面張力は使用したいずれの塗料よりも低かった。両者の表面張力値の関係については、前述した方法によって調べた。樹脂Bの最大粒径はいずれも100μm以下である。塗料Cへの配合量は、樹脂Cの固形分中に6重量%とした。
【0029】
塗装金属板は、その外観と20℃における折り曲げ加工性を評価した。滑らかな凹凸外観が得られている場合は、◎とし、凹凸外観が得られていない場合には×とした。また、凹凸があるが滑らかでない場合、凹凸感に乏しい場合は◎から減点し、良いほうから順に〇、△と評価した。〇または◎の場合に、滑らかな凹凸感がある、と評価した。なお、「滑らかな凹凸感」はいわゆるユズ肌といわれるような外観である。
20℃における折り曲げ加工性は、塗装金属板を所定の枚数の板(塗装金属板と同じ厚みの板)を挟んで180曲げ(T折り曲げ)し、加工を受けた塗膜を観察して割れの程度を評価した。7点は割れなし、1点は全面に大きな亀裂を生じる場合で、その間を程度に応じて点数化した。なお、加工性は樹脂Bの配合されていない元の塗料の性能に依存しており、各樹脂系によってレベルが異なる。加工性は、樹脂Bの配合によって加工性のレベルが元の塗料から大きく劣化するかどうかを見るために評価した。
【0030】
実施例、比較例のいずれの水準でも、折り曲げ加工性は20℃で評点7点(塗膜に割れなし)であった。また、凹凸外観はいずれの水準でも◎であった。
また、1層目(樹脂Bを含まない塗料Aによる)と2層目(樹脂Bを含む塗料Cによる)の塗膜の合計膜厚分を、ローラーカーテンコーターで1回で塗布した時と、本発明による2層をウェット−オン−ウェットで塗り重ねた場合の外観を比較して、表中に示した。1層塗膜で、乾燥膜厚が少ない比較例4と9では、ローラーカーテンコーターで塗布した時に、空気同伴によると思われる泡欠陥が発生したが、同じ膜厚を2回に分けて塗装(ウェット−オン−ウェット)した本発明例3と10では、泡欠陥が発生していない(または泡欠陥として認識できない程度に軽微である)。本発明の効果が明らかである。
【0031】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように、塗装金属板に通常の塗料を塗布した後、強制的に乾燥・硬化することなく、元の塗料との表面張力の値の関係を特定した常温で固体の樹脂Bを配合した塗料を塗布して、両塗膜層を強制的に乾燥・硬化することによって、滑らかな凹凸のある外観を持つ塗装金属板を効率よく提供できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】樹脂Bの表面張力が元の塗料よりも小さい状態を示す塗膜の断面図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a coated metal plate having an uneven appearance, which is used for building materials, automobiles, home appliances, and appliances.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The coating on the metal plate has been conventionally performed after forming the metal plate. This so-called post-coating is performed by air spray, airless spray, electrostatic coating, or a combination thereof, and the appearance after drying becomes a smooth skin-like appearance.
On the other hand, in recent years, from the viewpoint of solving pollution problems, effective use of a coating space, cost reduction, and the like, a coated metal plate provided with a coating layer on a metal plate in advance has been widely used. The painted metal plate is painted by a roll coater or a curtain coater, and the surface is smooth and has an aesthetic appearance.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As the use of coated metal sheets has expanded and the demand has increased, problems have been observed. One of them is the scratch property of the coating film. The coating film of a smooth coated metal plate has a drawback that even a small scratch is easily noticeable as compared with a post-coating film having an uneven skin appearance. Irregular appearance is less conspicuous at the time of manufacturing, transportation, and processing and molding.
In addition, pressure marks generated when the painted metal plates are stacked and allowed to stand are often conspicuous with the coating film of the smooth painted metal plate.
Further, depending on the application site of the coated metal plate, there is a case where harmony with the surrounding post-coated metal plate is required.
[0004]
As a method for solving these problems, a coated metal plate having a smooth uneven appearance such as Japanese Patent Application No. 9-28134, Japanese Patent Application No. 9-28135, Japanese Patent Application No. 9-98573 has been proposed. Yes. However, the coating materials used in these inventions have the drawback that they tend to entrain air when applied with a curtain coater. The reason for this is not clear, but it is thought that this is because the resin beads containing lower surface tension than the paint contain non-uniform surface tension.
In order to solve the above-described problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently producing a coated metal plate having a smooth uneven appearance with no defects.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention is a method for producing a coated metal plate having a smooth uneven appearance, wherein a coating A containing a resin A as a binder component is applied as a first layer without forced drying or curing . One layer is formed, and subsequently , the coating C containing the thermosetting resin C as a binder component and the crosslinking agent component for crosslinking the resin C has a surface tension lower than the surface tension of the coating C, The coating is mixed with resin B, which is solid and does not dissolve in coatings A and C, and melts in the baking process of these coatings, to form a second layer, and then forced drying A method for producing a coated metal plate having a smooth uneven appearance, characterized in that a coating film is formed on the surface of the metal plate by or curing.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The basic principle of developing a smooth uneven appearance is considered as follows. Due to the difference in surface tension, the resin B, which is solid at that temperature (normal temperature), is oriented on the surface of the coating film after the coating is applied to form a projection on the coating film surface. Appropriate leveling during the drying process gives the coated film a smooth appearance. Due to the poor wettability of the paint to the resin B, the resin B tends to be in contact with the surface of the coating film, and the paint swells at the portion where the resin B exists on the surface of the coating film to form convex portions. The height of this convex part is reduced by leveling that occurs during the drying process of the coating film, but since the paint uses thermosetting resin as a binder component, the leveling of the coating film stops at some point during the drying process, resulting in smooth unevenness. Gives an appearance with.
[0007]
In the present invention, first, a coating A containing no resin B is applied on a metal plate, and the coating C containing the resin B is applied wet-on-wet without forcibly drying or curing the layer. There is a feature. The coating material containing the resin B has poor applicability, and particularly when applied with a curtain coater, defects due to the presence of the resin B such as defects due to air entrainment and linear defects due to aggregation of the resin B tend to occur during application. In the present invention, when an uneven appearance is to be obtained with a paint containing a resin B having poor applicability, the paint A not containing the resin B is first applied, and the coating film is forcibly dried and cured. Without applying the coating C containing the resin B from above, wet-on-wet, by simultaneously forcibly drying or curing the coating film of both layers, to express a smooth uneven appearance, The object is to prevent defects during application and improve yield during production.
[0008]
By applying the coating material A that does not contain the resin B as the first layer, it is possible to make the defects generated when the coating material C of the second layer is applied inconspicuous or disappear. In particular, when the coating material A and the coating material C not including the resin B are the same coating material, for example, even when a defect such as air entrainment occurs when the coating material C is applied, the coating material A applied under the baking is applied. This causes an effect that the defect disappears or becomes inconspicuous due to mixing with. Moreover, when the resin A in the coating material A and the resin C in the coating material C are the same resin, both resins are easy to mix and the adhesion is improved as a unit. When the surface tension of the coating material A is made larger than the surface tension of the coating material C, the coating material C easily wets and spreads on the coating material A when the coating material C is applied, so that defects such as air entrainment are less likely to occur.
[0009]
The surface tension of the resin B in the present invention needs to be lower than the surface tension of the paint C in a state where the resin B is removed. The relationship between the surface tension of the paint C and the surface tension of the resin B can be examined as follows. First, after adding the resin B to the coating material, the coating film is baked on the steel plate so that the baking temperature is 230 ° C., so that the dry film thickness is larger than the average particle size in the solid state of the resin B. The resin B is dried for about 5 minutes at a temperature at which the resin B does not enter a molten state (below the softening point of the resin B), and the solvent is volatilized as much as possible. Next, the coated plate is cut and embedded in resin, and the coating film is observed from the cross-sectional direction of the coated plate. The resin B floats so as to be in contact with the surface of the coating film, or a part of the resin B protrudes from the surface of the coating film to the air side, and a portion where the resin B comes into contact with the surface of the coating film is formed. When the angle is larger than 40 degrees, the surface tension of the resin B is determined to be smaller than the surface tension of the paint.
[0010]
At this time, it is assumed that the resin B is not in contact with the interface on the steel plate side. If the surface tension of the resin B is smaller than that of the paint, once the resin B is in contact with the coating surface during the coating and drying process, the surface free energy of the system is more likely to remain on the surface than to dive in the coating film. Since it becomes low, it utilizes that the force which the resin B tries to exist in contact with the surface works. It is also utilized that the smaller the surface tension of the resin B in contact with the surface is, the smaller the surface tension of the paint is, the more the paint in contact with the resin B is repelled and the greater the angle at which the paint contacts the resin B. Considering that the contact angle is measured by dripping the paint onto the resin B, the phenomenon is the same as the phenomenon that the contact angle increases as the resin B is less likely to get wet with the paint, that is, the surface tension of the resin B is smaller than the paint. .
[0011]
As a result of the experiment, when the contact angle between the resin B in contact with the surface of the coating film and the paint is 40 degrees or more, the formation of the convex portion of the coating film when the resin B exists in contact with the surface of the coating film becomes large, It was found that the uneven appearance becomes clearer. These states are shown in FIG. That is, FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the coating film showing a state in which the surface tension of the resin B is smaller than that of the original paint. As shown in this figure, the resin B floats on the surface of the coating film, the contact angle θ of the paint to the resin B is larger than 40 degrees, and the film thickness is larger than the average particle diameter of the resin B. Therefore, the resin B is less in contact with the interface with the base.
[0012]
Moreover, the resin B that did not contact the surface during the coating and drying process remains in the coating film. Resin B remaining in the coating is not subject to observation. Even when the specific gravity of the resin B is lighter than that of the paint, it is considered that the resin B exists in contact with the surface of the coating film. However, if the surface tension of the resin B is larger than the paint, the surface of the resin B is made of paint. When wet, the contact angle of the paint to the resin B does not become larger than 40 degrees, the formation of the convex portion by the resin B becomes insufficient, and a sufficiently uneven appearance cannot be obtained.
[0013]
The resin B is required to be insoluble in the paints A and C in a state where the resin B is solid at room temperature and the resin B is not added. The normal temperature is a temperature at the time of painting in an ordinary painted metal plate manufacturing facility, and depends on the location of the facility, but is about −10 ° C. in winter and about 40 ° C. in summer. There is no problem if the resin B is solid at the temperature at which the paint is applied. If the resin B is not a solid but a liquid, the formation of the convex portions on the surface of the coating film immediately after the coating of the paint is insufficient.
[0014]
Further, when the resin B is easily dissolved in the paints A and C, it becomes the same as the resin B is in a liquid state, and the formation of the convex portions on the surface of the coating film immediately after the paint is applied becomes insufficient. In other words, even if the resin B is slightly dissolved or swollen in the solvent in the paint from the time the paint is produced to the time it is applied, if the resin B is solid when applied, it is inconvenient for the formation of the protrusions. There is no.
The kind of resin B is not specifically limited, A well-known resin can be used. Examples include fluororesins, acrylic resins, polyester resins, urethane resins, epoxy resins, vinyl chloride resins, butyral resins, polyolefin resins, or mixtures and copolymers thereof.
[0015]
The resin B needs to be in a molten state during the baking process of the paint. It was found that when the resin B melts in the baking process, the unevenness of the coating film is formed more smoothly and the appearance is excellent. If the resin B does not melt in the baking process, a coating film with unevenness that is more rugged and not smooth is obtained. The appearance of the coating film has a problem of preference, and it cannot be generally said which is better, but in the present invention, the resin B is selected so as to be in a molten state in the baking process. Resin B is placed on an iron plate whose temperature can be controlled, the temperature of the iron plate is increased at a rate of 15 ° C./min, and the temperature of the iron plate when resin B is in a molten state is determined by the softening point of resin B. Called. The softening point of the resin B needs to be lower than the baking plate temperature of the paint.
[0016]
The size of the resin B is not particularly limited, but the maximum particle size is desirably 100 μm or less. When the thickness exceeds 100 μm, the coating workability with a roll coater, curtain coater, or roller curtain coater is deteriorated.
The blending amount of the resin B in the paint C is not particularly limited, but it is desirable that the content is 2 to 30% by weight in the dry coating film. If it is 1% or less, the formation of the projections is insufficient, and if it is 30% or more, the smoothness of the unevenness may be slightly deteriorated, and the physical properties of the coating film, particularly the workability may be deteriorated.
[0017]
The kind of binder resin in the coating materials A and C of the present invention is not particularly limited, and known resins can be used. As the resin A in the paint A, both a thermosetting resin and a thermoplastic resin can be used. On the other hand, a thermosetting resin is essential for the resin C in the paint C. Examples of the resin include fluorine resin, acrylic resin, polyester resin, urethane resin, epoxy resin, butyral resin, or a mixture or copolymer thereof.
[0018]
In order to express the unevenness more clearly, a thermosetting resin is used as the binder resin C. When a thermoplastic resin is used as the binder resin C, the viscosity of the resin in the coating film decreases as the temperature rises during the baking and drying process of the coating film, and the leveling of the protrusions formed immediately after forming the coating film proceeds too much. This is because the unevenness is reduced. Examples of the crosslinking component of the binder resin include amino resins such as melamine resins and benzoguanamine resins, isocyanate resins, resins containing acid groups such as blocked isocyanate resins, epoxy resins, and acid-excess polyester resins, and phenol resins. Moreover, the functional group which contributes to bridge | crosslinking in the molecule | numerator of binder resin A or C, or the functional group blocked may be included. It is desirable that the resin A in the paint is also a thermosetting resin for the same reason as the resin C is a thermosetting resin.
Further, in order to ensure the interlayer adhesion between the first layer made of the paint A and the second layer made of the paint C, the paints A and C are desirably the same paint or a paint using the same kind of resin system.
[0019]
In a normal line for manufacturing a coated metal plate, considering that the baking plate temperature is at most about 250 ° C., usually about 210 to 240 ° C., the coated steel plate can be efficiently used without increasing the energy cost. In order to produce, it is desirable that the baking temperature of the paint is also in this range. Therefore, it is desirable that the resin A and its cross-linking component can be baked at a baking plate temperature lower than 250 ° C. From this point, it is desirable that the softening point of the resin B is 250 ° C. or lower in order to melt the resin B in the baking process of the coating film. Further, when the resin B is melted after the baking and curing of the coating film has sufficiently progressed and the fluidity of the coating film has completely disappeared, the unevenness of the coating film is insufficiently smooth. From experiments, it was found that when the softening point of the resin B is lower by 30 ° C. or more than the baking plate temperature (maximum reached plate temperature) of the coating film, particularly smooth irregularities are produced. That is, it is desirable that the softening point of the resin B is 210 ° C. or lower and 30 ° C. or lower than the baking temperature of the paint.
[0020]
Painted metal plates require many performances such as workability, hardness, stain resistance, and chemical resistance, so the types of main resins used are polyester resin, acrylic resin, urethane resin, vinyl chloride resin, Almost limited to fluororesins. Since the resin B remains in the coating film and affects the performance of the coating film, it is desirable to select the type of the resin B from these. Of these, fluororesins have a high melting point and softening point, and are therefore undesirable because they are often higher than 230 ° C., which is the desired softening point for the resin B, and are expensive.
As the resins A and C, polyester resins that are excellent in processability and easily balanced with other performances such as hardness and stain resistance are most suitable. As the crosslinking agent, amino resins and isocyanate resins such as melamine resin and benzoguanamine resin are excellent from the viewpoint of balance between processability and other performances.
[0021]
Examples of the metal plate include a steel plate, an aluminum plate, a stainless steel plate, a titanium plate, and a copper plate. Of these, examples of steel plates include cold-rolled steel plates, hot-rolled steel plates, galvanized steel plates, alloyed galvanized steel plates, zinc-iron alloy-plated steel plates, zinc-aluminum alloy-plated steel plates, aluminum-plated steel plates, chrome-plated steel plates, nickel-plated steel plates. , Zinc-nickel alloy plated steel sheet, tin plated steel sheet and the like.
The metal plate can then be pretreated as necessary. Examples of the pretreatment include water washing, hot water washing, pickling, alkali degreasing, grinding, polishing, chromate treatment, zinc phosphate treatment, composite oxide film treatment, and the like. What is necessary is just to select the conditions of pre-coating treatment suitably.
[0022]
Then, if necessary, an undercoat paint layer can be formed by applying an undercoat paint onto a metal plate and curing and drying. There are no particular limitations on the type of undercoat paint, but there are polyester resin, epoxy resin, urethane resin, acrylic resin, etc., which can be used for roll coaters, curtain flow coaters, roller curtain coaters, electrostatic coating machines, brushes, etc. By coating with a blade coater, die coater, etc. to the required film thickness, and then curing and drying at room temperature or in a hot air furnace, induction heating furnace, near infrared furnace, far infrared furnace, energy beam curing furnace, etc. An undercoat coating layer is obtained. A known pigment or additive can be added to the undercoat coating layer as necessary. Although the film thickness is arbitrary, in the case of a coated metal plate, a dry film thickness of about 1 to 30 μm, particularly 3 to 12 μm is common. The drying conditions may be appropriately selected according to the content of the paint and the performance to be obtained. However, the conditions are such that the maximum plate temperature is 150 to 240 ° C. and the arrival time is about 10 to 200 seconds in a hot air furnace, induction heating furnace, near infrared furnace, etc. Is common. There may not be an undercoat coating film layer, and it may be a single layer or a multilayer.
[0023]
Next, paint A (resin B is not included) is applied. The details of the paint contents are as described above. This paint is applied to a required film thickness with a roll coater, curtain flow coater, roller curtain coater, electrostatic coating machine, brush, blade coater, die coater or the like. A roll coater is the most suitable coating method.
Next, the paint C (including the resin B) is applied without forcibly drying and curing the layer of the paint A (not including the resin B). The application means is not particularly limited, and may be a roll coating method. However, since it is applied wet-on-wet, a non-contact curtain flow coater, die coater, electrostatic coating, spray coating, or the like is suitable.
[0024]
Next, it is cured and dried at a temperature equal to or higher than the softening point of the resin B in a hot air furnace, an induction heating furnace, a near infrared furnace, a far infrared furnace, or the like (the resin B is melted in the baking process). The thickness of the coating layer is not particularly limited, but it is usually produced so that both layers have a dry film thickness of 5 to 40 μm. The film thicknesses of the layer to be applied first and the layer to be applied later are not limited and can be appropriately selected. Considering the cost, it is desirable to obtain a beautiful appearance with as low a film thickness as possible. From the viewpoint of preventing the occurrence of defects or making it inconspicuous, the first layer may be relatively thin and may be 0.5 to 10 μm. The second layer is suitably about 5 to 20 μm in consideration of containing beads for obtaining an uneven appearance.
[0025]
The color of the paint is not particularly limited. It may be clear. In addition, undercoat and topcoat paints A and C, additives such as antifoaming agents and leveling agents, as well as known pigments such as extender pigments, color pigments, rust preventive pigments, xylene, cyclohexanone, Solvesso 150, butyl cellosolve, etc. These known solvents can be added. Further, when the resins A and C are water-based resins, it is possible to add a solvent mixed with water such as water or butyl cellosolve.
Further, it is possible to further coat a coating film on the coating film having smooth irregularities. For example, it is conceivable to apply a clear coating film to improve gloss, to form a protective layer, or to provide another function. Further, a colored enamel coating film may be applied repeatedly. Moreover, you may form by forming the coating film with smooth unevenness.
[0026]
【Example】
Examples of the coated metal plate of the present invention will be described.
A 0.6 mm thick hot-dip galvanized steel sheet is subjected to coating-type chromate treatment for pre-coating (50 mg / m 2 adhesion amount as Cr), and a commercially available polyester resin primer coating (Nippon Paint P185) is dried as an undercoat. After coating with a roll coater so that the film thickness was 5 μm, baking was performed in a high-frequency induction heating furnace so that the maximum plate temperature was 215 ° C.
Next, paint A (not including resin B) was applied by a roll coater, and then paint C (including resin B) was applied by a roller curtain coater and baked in a high-frequency induction heating furnace. The coating layer that was applied in two layers was baked so that the maximum plate temperature reached 230 ° C. Table 1 shows the contents of paints A and C (type of resin, etc.) and the dry film thickness.
[0027]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003686513
[0028]
As the resins A and C used, polyester resins having an average molecular weight of 16000 and an average molecular weight of 10,000 were used. The former was polyester resin 1 and the latter was polyester resin 2. All were cross-linked with melamine resin. As a melamine resin, a mixture of methylated melamine resin / butylated melamine resin = 70/30 (solid content weight ratio) was used and blended with polyester resin / melamine resin = 70/30 (solid content weight ratio). In this resin composition, titanium white was dispersed so as to have a pigment weight concentration of 50% to obtain paints A and C. The paint C was also tested at a level where 0.05% of a silicon-based additive was added to the paint in order to lower the surface tension.
As the resin B blended with the paint C, a polyester resin having crystallinity, a softening point of 110 ° C., and an average particle size of 40 μm was used. The surface tension was lower than any paint used. The relationship between the surface tension values of the two was examined by the method described above. The maximum particle size of the resin B is 100 μm or less. The blending amount in the paint C was 6% by weight in the solid content of the resin C.
[0029]
The coated metal plate was evaluated for its appearance and bending workability at 20 ° C. When the smooth uneven appearance was obtained, it was marked with ◎, and when the uneven appearance was not obtained, it was marked with ×. Moreover, when there was unevenness but it was not smooth, when the feeling of unevenness was poor, points were deducted from ◎, and evaluated as ◯ and △ in order from the better. In the case of ◯ or ◎, it was evaluated that there was a smooth uneven feeling. The “smooth unevenness” is an appearance that is called so-called skin.
The bending workability at 20 ° C. is that the coated metal plate is bent 180 times (T-bending) with a predetermined number of plates (the same thickness as the painted metal plate) sandwiched, and the processed coating film is observed to crack The degree was evaluated. Seven points were not cracked, and one point was a case where a large crack was formed on the entire surface, and the score was scored depending on the degree. Note that the workability depends on the performance of the original paint not containing the resin B, and the level varies depending on each resin system. The processability was evaluated in order to see whether the level of processability greatly deteriorated from the original paint due to the blending of resin B.
[0030]
At any level of the examples and comparative examples, the bending workability was a score of 7 (no cracking in the coating film) at 20 ° C. The uneven appearance was 外 観 at all levels.
Also, when the total film thickness of the first layer (by the paint A not containing the resin B) and the second layer (by the paint C containing the resin B) is applied once with a roller curtain coater, The appearances of two layers according to the present invention when wet-on-wet are overlaid are compared and shown in the table. In Comparative Examples 4 and 9 with a single-layer coating film and a small dry film thickness, a foam defect that was thought to be caused by air entrainment occurred when applied with a roller curtain coater. In the present invention examples 3 and 10 which were wet-on-wet, no bubble defect occurred (or it was so slight that it cannot be recognized as a bubble defect). The effect of the present invention is clear.
[0031]
【The invention's effect】
As mentioned above, after applying a normal paint to a painted metal plate, blending resin B that is solid at room temperature, specifying the relationship of the surface tension value with the original paint without forcibly drying and curing By applying the applied paint and forcibly drying and curing both coating layers, it is possible to efficiently provide a coated metal plate having a smooth uneven appearance.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a coating film showing a state in which the surface tension of resin B is smaller than that of an original paint.

Claims (6)

樹脂Aをバインダー成分とした塗料Aを塗布し、強制的な乾燥や硬化をすることなく第1層を形成させ、引き続いて熱硬化性樹脂Cをバインダー成分とし、樹脂Cを架橋するための架橋剤成分を含有する塗料に、その塗料Cの表面張力より低い表面張力を持ち、常温で固体であり、塗料A及びCには溶解せず、かつそれら塗料の焼付け過程で溶融する樹脂Bを混合した塗料を金属板に塗布して第2層を形成させ、その後、強制的な乾燥や硬化により金属板表面に塗膜を形成させることを特徴とする滑らかな凹凸のある外観を持つ塗装金属板の製造方法。A coating A containing resin A as a binder component is applied to form a first layer without forced drying or curing , and subsequently , thermosetting resin C is used as a binder component to crosslink resin C. paint C contains a crosslinking agent component, have a lower surface tension than the surface tension of the coating material C, a solid at room temperature, not dissolve in paint a and C, and resin B melting at baking process thereof paint A paint with a smooth unevenness characterized by applying a paint mixed with a metal plate to form a second layer and then forming a coating on the surface of the metal plate by forced drying or curing A method for producing a metal plate. 樹脂A、B、Cがポリエステル樹脂であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の滑らかな凹凸のある外観を持つ塗装金属板の製造方法。Resin A, B, C is a polyester resin, The manufacturing method of the coated metal plate with the smooth uneven appearance of Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned. 樹脂AとCが同じ樹脂であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の滑らかな凹凸のある外観を持つ塗装金属板の製造方法。Resin A and C are the same resin, The manufacturing method of the coating metal plate which has the smooth uneven appearance of Claim 1 or 2 characterized by the above-mentioned. 塗料Aと塗料Cが、樹脂Bを含むこと以外は同一であることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の滑らかな凹凸のある外観を持つ塗装金属板の製造方法。The method for producing a coated metal plate having a smooth uneven appearance according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the paint A and the paint C are the same except for containing the resin B. 塗料Aの表面張力が塗料Cの表面張力よりも大きいことを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の滑らかな凹凸のある外観を持つ塗装金属板の製造方法。The method for producing a coated metal plate having a smooth uneven appearance according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the surface tension of the paint A is larger than the surface tension of the paint C. 第1層目の塗料Aはロールコーターで、第2層目の塗料はカーテンコーターまたはダイコーターで塗布することを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の滑らかな凹凸のある外観を持つ塗装金属板の製造方法。6. The smooth textured appearance according to claim 1, wherein the first layer paint A is applied by a roll coater, and the second layer paint C is applied by a curtain coater or a die coater. A method of manufacturing a painted metal plate with
JP891698A 1998-01-20 1998-01-20 Manufacturing method of coated metal plate with smooth uneven appearance Expired - Fee Related JP3686513B2 (en)

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