JP3614124B2 - Musical sound control device, signal processing device, and electronic percussion instrument - Google Patents

Description

【００４５】
前記のようにＳＷ１はリム部の演奏者から遠い部分に配設され、ＳＷ２はリム部の演奏者に近い手前部分に配設されている。したがって、通常のヘッドｆへの打撃時には、その打撃強度が圧電素子ｉで検出されるとともに、ＳＷ１，ＳＷ２が共にＯＦＦであり、コンパレータ２１１，２１２の出力は、Ｄａｔａ１＝“１”、Ｄａｔａ２＝“１”となる。すなわち、この場合は、リムショットは検出されなかったことを意味し、ヘッド打撃用の音色でその打撃強度に応じた打撃音を発音する。なお、Ｄａｔａ１＝“１”でＤａｔａ２＝“１”の状態を「状態１」とする。
【００４６】
また、オープンリムショット時は、その打撃強度が圧電素子ｉで検出されるとともに、ＳＷ１（奥側）がＯＦＦ、ＳＷ２（手前側）がＯＮであり、コンパレータ２１１，２１２の出力は、Ｄａｔａ１＝“０”、Ｄａｔａ２＝“１”となる。この場合は、オープンリムショット用の音色でその打撃強度に応じた打撃音を発音する。なお、Ｄａｔａ１＝“０”でＤａｔａ２＝“１”の状態を「状態２」とする。
【００４７】
また、クローズリムショット時は、その打撃強度が圧電素子ｉで検出されるとともに、ＳＷ１（奥側）がＯＮとなり、ＳＷ２（手前側）は、把持したスティックをＳＷ２に押し当てて演奏する手法をとるか否かにより、ＯＮまたはＯＦＦとなるが、このときのコンパレータ２１１，２１２の出力は、いずれの場合もＤａｔａ１＝“０”、Ｄａｔａ２＝“０”となる。この場合は、クローズリムショット用の音色でその打撃強度に応じた打撃音を発音する。なお、Ｄａｔａ１＝“０”でＤａｔａ２＝“０”の状態を「状態３」とする。
【００４８】
このように、抵抗Ｒ１はＳＷ１とＳＷ２の出力信号に異なる抵抗を付加する抵抗手段であり、コンパレータ２１１，２１２及びＣＰＵ２４は、第１出力ライン３１の出力信号における抵抗Ｒ１によって生じる電圧差に応じて、ＳＷ１とＳＷ２のスイッチ動作を識別する識別手段となっている。また、ＣＰＵ２４は楽音制御手段である。
【００４９】
なお、実施形態における打撃検出部１では、従来の楽音制御部（コントローラ）に接続した場合でも、ＳＷ１／ＳＷ２のいずれか一方がＯＮされれば、リムショットの打撃音を発音できるようにするために、このＳＷ１あるいはＳＷ２のＯＮを検出できるように、ＳＷ２に付加する抵抗値を決定している。
【００５０】
以上の発音動作の処理はＣＰＵ２４のタイマ割込処理によって行われる。図６は第１実施例のスイッチ動作に応じた状態の変化の一例を表す図、図７はタイマ割込処理のフローチャートであり、図６及び図７に基づいて第１実施例の動作を説明する。なお、このタイマ割込処理ではクローズリムショットとオープンリムショットに対応する発音処理を行うが、通常のヘッド打撃に対応する発音処理は、このタイマ割込処理と平行して行われるメイン処理において圧電素子ｉの振動波形信号のエンベロープが“０”以外のときに行われる。
【００５１】
図６のＡＢ間、ＣＤ間、ＥＦ間、ＩＪ間ではＳＷ１，ＳＷ２が共にＯＦＦで状態１のまま変化がないので、ステップＳ１，ステップＳ２（図７）で共にＮＯとなり、そのまま元のルーチンに復帰し、メイン処理で振動波形信号のエンベロープが“０”でなければヘッド打撃に対応する発音処理が行われる。すなわち、通常のヘッド打撃時は、その打撃強度が圧電素子ｉで検出されるとともに、ＳＷ１，ＳＷ２が共にＯＦＦ（状態１）であるので、ヘッド打撃用の音色でその打撃強度に応じた打撃音を発音する。
【００５２】
ＳＷ２がＯＮされると状態１から状態２へ変化し（図６のＢ点）、ステップＳ２でＹＥＳとなり、ステップＳ４のオープンリムショット処理により、オープンリムショット用の音色で、圧電素子ｉで検出される打撃強度に応じた打撃音を発音する。ＳＷ２がＯＮされたままの状態（図６のＢＣ間）では、状態２のまま変化がないので、ステップＳ７，ステップＳ８で共にＮＯとなり、このループを繰り返す。そして、ＳＷ２がＯＦＦされると、状態２から状態１へ変化し（図６のＣ点）、ステップＳ８でＹＥＳとなり、元のルーチンに復帰する。
【００５３】
ＳＷ１がＯＮされると状態１から状態３へ変化し（図６のＤ点）、ステップＳ１でＹＥＳとなり、ステップＳ３でクローズリムショット処理により、クローズリムショット用の音色で、圧電素子ｉで検出される打撃強度に応じた打撃音を発音する。ＳＷ１がＯＮされたままの状態（図６のＤＥ間）では、状態３のまま変化がないので、ステップＳ５，ステップＳ６で共にＮＯとなり、このループを繰り返す。そして、ＳＷ１がＯＦＦされると、状態３から状態１へ変化し（図６のＥ点）、ステップＳ６でＹＥＳとなり、元のルーチンに復帰する。
【００５４】
また、リム部の演奏者に近い部分（手前側）にスティックの把持部近傍を押し当てて、リム部の演奏者から遠い部分（奥側）を打撃して行うようなクローズリムショットが行われた場合でも、ＳＷ１がＯＮ、ＳＷ２がＯＮとなる（状態３になる）ので、クローズリムショット用の音色でその打撃強度に応じた打撃音を発音する。
【００５５】
ＳＷ２がＯＮされた状態（ステップＳ７，Ｓ８のループ）で、さらにＳＷ１がＯＮされたとき、状態２から状態３へ変化し（図６のＧ点）、ステップＳ７でＹＥＳとなり、ステップＳ３でクローズリムショット処理が行われる。そして、ＳＷ１がＯＦＦされると状態３から状態２へ変化し（図６のＨ点）、ステップＳＳ５でＹＥＳとなりステップＳ７へ戻る。すなわち、片方のスイッチ（ＳＷ２）が押されたままでも、もう１つのスイッチ（ＳＷ１）は動作するので、リム部の演奏者に近い部分にスティックの把持部近傍を押し当てて、リム部の演奏者から遠い部分を打撃して行うような場合でも、クローズリムショットの音色のみを発音することができる。
【００５６】
以上のように、ステレオケーブル３の第１出力ライン３１により、１ラインでも二つのスイッチ（ＳＷ１，ＳＷ２）の動作に応じた出力を得ることができるので、出力ライン数を抑えて奏法に応じて異なる音色を確実に割り当てることができる。
【００５７】
（第２実施例）
図８及び図９は打撃検出部１の第２実施例を示し、図８（Ａ） は上面図、図８（Ｂ） は一部破断側面図、図９は一部拡大断面図である。なお、第１実施例の要素に対応する要素には図３〜図５と同符号を付記してある。この第２実施例の打撃検出部１はアコースティックドラムの形状をしたものであり、ヘッドｆは円筒状のボトムケース（シェル）ｅの開口端（上部）に被せられ、外縁リングｄをリムｃにより、押さえつけ、固定されている。リムｃはネジｇによってボトムケースｅと接合されている。ヘッドｆの周囲のリムｃには第１のリムショットスイッチ１１（ＳＷ１）及び第２のリムショットスイッチ１２（ＳＷ２）が配設されている。これにより、リムショット時に、第１のリムショットスイッチ１１あるいは第２のリムショットスイッチ１２が動作（ＯＮ）する。
【００５８】
図９に示したように、センサユニット部１０は、センサホルダｈ、圧電素子（ピエゾ型圧電センサ）ｉ、センサクッションｊ、振動吸収材ｋ、ボリュームコントローラｒ、信号出力部ｑ等からなり、センサホルダｈは基盤ｈ１を介してリムｃに固定されている。基盤ｈ１と圧電素子ｉの間にはブチルゴムのような振動吸収材ｋが複数点在しており、この振動吸収材ｋによって圧電素子ｉがセンサホルダｈに固着されいる。また、圧電素子ｉの下にはセンサクッションｊが固着されており、このセンサクッションｊの下端はヘッドｆに当接されている。
【００５９】
以上の構成により、ヘッドｆへの打撃時に、ヘッドｆの振動がセンサクッションｊを経て圧電素子ｉに伝達し、打撃力に応じた振動波形信号が圧電素子ｉから出力される。また、リムショット時に、センサホルダｈが振動して、基盤ｈ１及び振動吸収材ｋを経て圧電素子ｉに振動が伝達し、打撃力に応じた振動波形信号が圧電素子ｉから出力される。圧電素子ｉはセンサホルダｈを介してリムｃに結合されているので、リムショット時の打撃に対応する振動波形信号を正確に得ることができる。また、図９においても、センサクッションｊはゴムあるいはウレタンスポンジのような材料の緩衝部材であり、ヘッドｆから伝達される衝撃の不要な振動のみを吸収するので、ヘッド打撃に対してノイズの少ない信号を得ることができる。さらに、振動吸収材ｋは前記のようにブチルゴム等であり、センサホルダｈから伝達される衝撃の不要な振動のみを吸収するので、ノイズの少ない信号を得ることができる。
【００６０】
センサホルダｈにはボリュームコントローラ（可変抵抗器）ｒが配設されており、このボリュームコントローラｒを回転するとボリューム値（抵抗値）が変化し、このボリューム値は、後述のように楽音制御部により音色コントロール用のボリュームコントロール信号として検出される。第１実施例においてはＳＷ１，ＳＷ２の２つのスイッチの動作を１ラインで出力するものであったが、この第２実施例においては、ボリュームコントロール信号をＳＷ１及びＳＷ２のスイッチ信号と同じ第１出力ライン３１により検出する。
【００６１】
図１０は第２実施例の打撃検出部１及び楽音制御部２の要部の回路構成を示す図であり、第１実施例の図２と同様な要素には図２と同符号を付記してある。図示のように、前記ボリュームコントローラｒには４７Ｋオームの抵抗Ｒ３が直列に接続され、このボリュームコントローラｒと抵抗Ｒ３は、ＳＷ１，ＳＷ２に対して並列に接続されている。ＳＷ１，ＳＷ２及びボリュームコントローラｒの接続点は、ステレオケーブル３の第１出力ライン３１を介して楽音制御部２の信号検出部２１におけるＡ／Ｄコンバータ２１３に接続され、このＡ／Ｄコンバータ２１３の出力はＣＰＵ２４（図１）に入力される。また、第１出力ライン３１は４７Ｋオームの抵抗Ｒ４を介して５Ｖの所定電圧に接続されている。その他の構成は図２と同様である。なお、この第２実施例ではボリュームコントローラｒが図１のコントロール手段１３である。
【００６２】
ここで、Ａ／Ｄコンバータ２１３は第１出力ライン３１の電圧をデジタルデータに変換するものであるが、ＳＷ２がＯＮのときのボリュームコントローラｒと抵抗Ｒ３と抵抗Ｒ１の合成抵抗値は、ボリュームコントローラｒと抵抗Ｒ３の合成抵抗値より小さいので、ＳＷ２がＯＮ（ＳＷ１はＯＦＦ）のときの第１出力ライン３１の電圧は、ＳＷ１とＳＷ２が共にＯＦＦのときの電圧よりも低い値となる。したがって、ＣＰＵ２４は、Ａ／Ｄコンバータ２１３の出力により、ＳＷ１とＳＷ２が共にＯＦＦとなる状態１、ＳＷ１がＯＦＦでＳＷ２がＯＮとなる状態２、ＳＷ１がＯＮ（ＳＷ２はＯＮ／ＯＦＦ）となる状態３を、それぞれ識別することができる。さらに、ＳＷ１とＳＷ２が共にＯＦＦとなる状態１のときは、ボリュームコントローラｒの抵抗値に応じたボリュームコントロール信号（電圧値）をＡ／Ｄコンバータ２１３の出力により読み取ることができる。
【００６３】
このように、抵抗Ｒ１，Ｒ３はＳＷ１とＳＷ２の出力信号及びボリュームコントローラｒのコントロール信号に異なる抵抗を付加する抵抗手段であり、Ａ／Ｄコンバータ２１３及びＣＰＵ２４は、ＳＷ１，ＳＷ２の出力信号とボリュームコントローラｒのコントロール信号の抵抗手段によって生じる電圧差に応じて、ＳＷ１，ＳＷ２のスイッチ動作とボリュームコントローラｒの動作とを識別する識別手段となっている。なお、ＳＷ１がＯＦＦでＳＷ２がＯＮとなる状態２のときの第１出力ライン３１の電圧はボリュームコントローラｒの抵抗値に応じて変化するが、抵抗Ｒ３の抵抗値が抵抗Ｒ１の抵抗値より充分大きいので、この出力ライン３１の電圧の変化は僅かであり、状態２の判定レベルに適宜幅を持たせておくことで、ボリュームコントローラｒの抵抗値に係わらずＳＷ２の信号（状態２）を充分に識別することができる。
【００６４】
このように、ボリュームコントローラｒの抵抗値の変化は、第１実施例と同様な状態１のときの電圧変化として得ることができる。すなわち、非打撃状態（ＳＷ１とＳＷ２が共にＯＦＦ）のとき、ボリュームコントローラｒの抵抗値を変化させ、ボリュームコントロール信号（電圧値）を読み取り、このボリュームコントロール信号に応じてヘッドにアサインされた音色をコントロールすることができる。
【００６５】
図１１は第２実施例のスイッチ動作及びボリュームコントローラｒの動作に応じた状態の変化の一例を表す図、図１２は第２実施例のタイマ割込処理のフローチャートであり、図１１及び図１２に基づいて第２実施例の動作を説明する。なお、図１２において第１実施例と同じ処理を行うところは図７と同じステップ番号を付記してある。また、この第２実施例でも、通常のヘッド打撃に対応する発音処理は第１実施例と同様にメイン処理で行われる。
【００６６】
図１１の例は、ボリュームコントローラｒを抵抗値最大の状態から徐々に絞り、その後徐々に抵抗値最大の状態に変化させる間に、第１実施例（図６）と同様なスイッチ操作（奏法切替え）をした場合の例である。図１１のＡＢ間、ＣＤ間、ＥＦ間、ＩＪ間ではＳＷ１，ＳＷ２が共にＯＦＦの状態１のままであり、このうちボリュームコントロール信号が最大のとき（図１１のＡＡ′間）は、ボリュームコントロール信号に変化がないので、ステップＳ２１でＮＯとなり、そのまま元のルーチンに復帰する。そして、ボリュームコントロール信号に変化があったとき（図１１のＡ′Ｂ間、ＣＤ間、ＥＦ間、ＩＪ間）は、ステップＳ２１でＹＥＳ、ステップＳ１、ステップＳ２でＮＯとなり、ステップＳ２２でボリューム処理を行ってＡ／Ｄコンバータ２１３の出力データに応じて音色を調整し、ステップＳ２１に戻る。なお、振動波形信号が検出されたときあるいはＳＷ１，ＳＷ２の動作があった場合は第１実施例と同様な処理であり、ヘッド打撃用の音色での発音、オープンリムショット用の音色での発音、クローズリムショット用の音色での発音を行う。
【００６７】
このように、ステレオケーブル３の第１出力ライン３１により、１ラインでも二つのスイッチ（ＳＷ１，ＳＷ２）のスイッチ信号とボリュームコントロール信号の出力を得ることができるので、出力ライン数を抑えて、奏法に応じて異なる音色を確実に割り当てることができるとともに、実際のドラムでスネアテンションを調節するときのように、打撃検出部（ヘッド部）の操作にて音色コントロールを行うことが可能となる。
【００６８】
なお、ボリュームコントローラｒは、実施例のように回転する形態に限らず、スライドボリュームであってもよいし、他の形態でもよい。また、実施例のようにボリュームコントローラｒをヘッド部に設けると、そのヘッド部の音色調整用であることが容易にわかるので使い勝手がよいが、このボリュームコントローラｒはヘッド部と別体に設けるようにしてもよい。
【００６９】
さらに、図１０に破線で示したように、さらに他のボリュームコントローラを並列に接続してもよい。例えばフットペダルのように別体に設けたボリュームコントローラを並列に接続してもよい。この場合、一方のボリュームコントローラを最大に設定しておけば、他方のボリュームコントローラで同様の制御を行うことができる。例えば、図１３に示したように、ヘッド部にリボンコントローラｔを取り付け、これをコントローラコネクションｓでボリュームコントローラｒに接続する。そして、ボリュームコントローラｒを最大抵抗値に設定して、リボンコントローラｔで音色コントロールを行うようにしてもよい。
【００７０】
第１実施例（図３）では、リム部のリムショットスイッチ（ＳＷ１）１１とリムショットスイッチ（ＳＷ２）１２をそれぞれ半円に対応するように等分にしたが、これに限らず、ＳＷ１，ＳＷ２の対応部分の大きさを異ならせてもよい。例えば第２実施例（図８）では、ＳＷ１がリム部の円の４分の３を占め、ＳＷ２が４分の１を占めるように配設されており、このように演奏者の手前側にあるＳＷ２の割合を大きくして、奥側にあるＳＷ１の割合を小さくすることで、使用頻度が高いオープンリムショットを容易に演奏することが可能となる。
【００７１】
（第３実施例）
第２実施例では、コントロール手段１３としてボリュームコントローラｒを用いるようにしているが、第３実施例のようにコントロール手段１３としてロータリーエンコーダを用いるようにしてもよい。図１４は第３実施例の打撃検出部１及び楽音制御部２の要部の回路構成を示す図であり、第２実施例の図１０と同様な要素には図１０と同符号を付記してある。ロータリーエンコーダｕは、２つのエンコーダスイッチＳＷａ，ＳＷｂを備えている。このエンコーダスイッチＳＷａ，ＳＷｂは、周知のように、例えば回転操作子に連動する２つの位相差を持って保持される接点によるスイッチであり、回転操作子の回転に応じて例えば図１５のように位相差をもってＯＮ／ＯＦＦするものである。また、回転方向の違いによって、生じる位相差も異なっている。
【００７２】
図１４に示したように、一方のエンコーダスイッチＳＷａには３３Ｋオームの抵抗（抵抗手段）Ｒ５が直列に接続され、他方のエンコーダスイッチＳＷｂには１００Ｋオームの抵抗（抵抗手段）Ｒ６が直列に接続されている。そして、エンコーダスイッチＳＷａと抵抗Ｒ５、エンコーダスイッチＳＷｂと抵抗Ｒ６は、それぞれＳＷ１，ＳＷ２に対して並列に接続されている。また、第１出力ライン３１は３３Ｋオームの抵抗Ｒ７を介して５Ｖの所定電圧に接続されるとともに、ノイズ防止用の０．１μＦのコンデンサＣを介して接地されている。
【００７３】
図１６は第３実施例のロータリーエンコーダｕの動作に応じた出力電圧の変化の一例を表す図であり、ＳＷ１，ＳＷ２が共にＯＦＦの状態１のときにロータリーエンコーダｕの回転操作子を操作した場合を示している。この出力電圧は、図１５（Ａ） のように左回転しているときは図１６（Ａ） のように変化し、図１５（Ｂ） のように右回転しているときは図１６（Ｂ） のように変化する。このように、回転方向により異なる出力信号が得られるので、５Ｖより減少し安定する最初の１段目の値の大小により回転方向が判断できる。そして、ＣＰＵ２４はこの回転方向とパルス信号の数に応じて、音色コントロール信号（制御の度合い）を増減させ、第２実施例と同様に、ヘッドにアサインされた音色をコントロールする。なお、振動波形信号が検出されたときあるいはＳＷ１，ＳＷ２の動作があった場合は第１実施例、第２実施例と同様な処理を行って、奏法に応じた打楽器音を発音する。
【００７４】
以上の第２実施例、第３実施例では、ボリュームコントローラやロータリーエンコーダでヘッドにアサインされた音色をコントロールするようにしているが、リム部にアサインされたオープンリムショット音色、またはクローズリムショット音色をコントロールするようにしてもよいし、これに限らず、ボリュームコントローラやロータリーエンコーダでドラムキット（ドラムセット中の楽器（音色）の種類）の切り換え等を行うようにしてもよい。その他、ボリュームコントローラやロータリーエンコーダで制御する対象はこれに限られるものではない。
【００７５】
（第４実施例）
図１７は打撃検出部１の第４実施例であり、図１７（Ａ） は平面図、図１７（Ｂ） は図１７（Ａ） のＡ−Ａ断面図である。この打撃検出部１はシンバル型の例であり、扇状のフレームｖに、弾性部材からなる扇状のパッドｗを覆い被せ、フレームｖの裏面に、前記抵抗Ｒ１や出力端子等を収納するケースｘを取り付けた構造になっている。
【００７６】
パッドｗは取り付け孔ｗ１の周囲に膨出されたカップ部ｗ２とその周囲の略９０度の範囲に広がるヘッドｗ３及びヘッドｗ３の縁に形成されたリムｗ４とを有し、フレームｖの周縁とリムｗ４との間には、円弧状のリムショットスイッチ１１′（ＳＷ１）が配設されている。また、フレームｖの中心円近傍とカップ部ｗ２の間には、円弧状のカップショットスイッチ１２′（ＳＷ２）が配設されている。さらに、カップ部ｗ２のヘッドｗ３の付け根側の下部に対応して、フレームｖの裏面には圧電素子ｉが配設されている。なお、この第４実施例におけるリムショットスイッチ１１′（ＳＷ１）、カップショットスイッチ１２′（ＳＷ２）及び圧電素子ｉに対する信号処理回路は、第１実施例のリムショットスイッチ１１，１３及び圧電素子ｉに対する図２の回路と同様である。
【００７７】
以上の構成により、リムショットスイッチ１１′（ＳＷ１）はリムｗ３を打撃することでＯＮとなり、カップショットスイッチ１２′（ＳＷ２）はカップ部Ｗ２を打撃することでＯＮとなる。また、圧電素子ｉにより、ヘッドｗ３の中央部への打撃、リムｗ３への打撃、及びカップ部ｗ２への打撃に対して、それぞれ打撃強度に応じた振動波形信号が得られる。したがって、リムショットスイッチ１１′（ＳＷ１）とカップショットスイッチ１２′（ＳＷ２）のＯＮ／ＯＦＦ、及び打撃強度を検出できるので、シンバル型のものにおいて、出力ライン数を抑えて、通常のシンバル音色、リム打撃の音色、カップ打撃の音色の３色を確実に表現することができる。
【００７８】
（第５実施例）
以上の各実施例は本発明の信号処理装置を電子打楽器に適用した例について説明したが、図１８に示した第５実施例のように鍵盤楽器に適用することもできる。この第５実施例では、電子鍵盤楽器の鍵下の回路基盤上において、各鍵４１の中央下方に圧電素子５１を配設するとともに、圧電素子５１の両側に左スイッチ５２（ＳＷ１）及び右スイッチ５３（ＳＷ２）を配設したものである。各鍵４１に対応する各左スイッチ５２と各右スイッチ５３は出力ライン６１を介して楽音制御部２′に接続されており、各右スイッチ５３と第１出力ライン６１との間には抵抗Ｒ８が接続されている。また、各鍵４１に対応する圧電素子５１は第２出力ライン６２を介して楽音制御部２′に接続されている。
【００７９】
以上の構成により、鍵４１押鍵すると、圧電素子５１は鍵４１の裏面に形成されたアクチュエータにより押圧され、押圧力に応じて抵抗値を変化させる。この圧電素子５１の抵抗値変化は楽音制御部２′で電圧変化として検出できるので、アフタタッチを検出することができる。
【００８０】
左スイッチ５２と右スイッチ５３は、鍵４１の裏面に形成されたアクチュエータの接点の接触／非接触によりＯＮ／ＯＦＦするものであり、鍵４１を真っ直ぐに押下しているときは圧電素子５１に対応するアクチュエータが接触しているので、左スイッチ５２と右スイッチ５３に対応する接点はいずれも非接触となり両スイッチ５２，５３は共にＯＦＦとなる。この状態で鍵４１を左側に傾けるように押鍵操作をすると、左スイッチ５２が接点と接触してＯＮ（ＳＷ２はＯＦＦ）となり、鍵４１を右側に傾けるように押鍵操作をすると、右スイッチ５３が接点と接触してＯＮ（ＳＷ１はＯＦＦ）となる。
【００８１】
そして、左スイッチ５２（ＳＷ１）と右スイッチ５３（ＳＷ２）のスイッチ信号は、抵抗Ｒ８が接続されていることにより、電圧差として検出することができ、前記の実施例と同様に、楽音制御部２′においてＳＷ１とＳＷ２のいずれがＯＮ（あるいはＯＦＦ）となっているかを検出することができる。したがって、楽音制御部２′により、ＳＷ１あるいはＳＷ２のＯＮ／ＯＦＦ、及び圧電素子５１の押圧力に応じた出力に基づいて、異なる音色を発音したり、異なる効果を付与するなど、多様な楽音制御を行うことができる。
【００８２】
例えば、通常の押鍵（ＳＷ１、ＳＷ２共にＯＦＦ）に対して、圧電素子５１で検出した押鍵強度（圧力）に応じてビブラート効果を付与した楽音を発生し、鍵４１を左に傾けたとき（ＳＷ１がＯＮで、ＳＷ２がＯＦＦのとき）には、圧電素子５１で検出した押鍵強度に応じて残響効果を付与した楽音を発生し、鍵４１を右に傾けたとき（ＳＷ１がＯＦＦで、ＳＷ２がＯＮのとき）には、圧電素子５１で検出した押鍵強度に応じてパン効果を付与した楽音を発生するなどする。このように、ＳＷ１及びＳＷ２の動作によって異なる音色を発音したり、異なる効果を付与することが可能となる。しかも、ＳＷ１及びＳＷ２の出力ライン６１は１系列でよいので、配線設計、構造が簡単になる。
【００８３】
以上、各実施例について説明したが、さらに次のような構成にすることもできる。前記電子打楽器の実施例において、打撃検出部の圧電素子は複数個にしてもよく、打撃時に、複数個の圧電素子の出力信号を参照して打撃位置を特定して、その打撃位置に応じた音色で発音するようにしてもよい。この場合、打撃位置を特定するための出力信号−打撃位置変換テーブルを備えていて、該テーブルを参照して打撃位置を特定するようにしてもよい。
【００８４】
実施例では打撃センサとして圧電素子を用いているが、光センサや磁気センサ等、打撃強度を検出できるものであれば、どのようなものでもよい。また、スイッチはフィルムスイッチに限らず、他の形態のスイッチでもよい。
【００８５】
また、スイッチは２個に限らず、ＳＷ３、ＳＷ４、…と複数個用意して、それぞれの出力信号に付加する抵抗の大きさを異ならせることで、１ラインで出力して各スイッチの動作を識別できるようにしてもよい。
【００８６】
前記実施例では、打撃検出部１のＳＷ１，ＳＷ２を同一の装置に設けるようにしたが、ＳＷ２をフットペダル部等、異なる部分に設けるようにしてもよいし、新たにＳＷ３をフットペダル部に設け、ペダル操作によってバスドラム音色など異なる音色を発音するようにしてもよい。この場合、ＳＷ３をＳＷ１，ＳＷ２と同一ラインに接続できるような簡単なアダプタ等を用いると配線も容易である。
【００８７】
第１実施例及び第２実施例では、２つのリムショットスイッチ（ＳＷ１），（ＳＷ２）がリムｃの演奏者から遠い部分と近い部分に上下（前後）２分して各々配設したが、これに限らず、リムｃの内側と外側に（同心円状）に各スイッチを配設して、内側のスイッチがＯＮとなったときはクローズリムショット、外側のスイッチがＯＮとなったときはオープンリムショットの音色で発音するようにしてもよい。
【００８８】
打撃検出部と楽音制御部は実施形態のように別体にあってケーブルで接続するものに限らず、同一の装置内で処理するものにも適用できる。
【００８９】
第１実施例及び第２実施例では、リムｃに２つのスイッチを配設したが、リムに限らず、ヘッドに複数のスイッチを設け、この複数のスイッチのスイッチ動作を識別して、異なる音色を発音できるようにしてもよい。
【００９０】
【発明の効果】
請求項１の楽音制御装置によれば、出力ライン数を抑えて多機能な楽音制御が可能となる。
【００９１】
請求項２の楽音制御装置によれば、請求項１と同様な作用効果が得られるとともに、従来の音源モジュール等のジャックやステレオケーブルをそのまま利用することができる。
【００９２】
請求項３の信号処理装置によれば、１系列の第１出力ラインだけで複数のスイッチのスイッチ動作とコントロール手段の動作とを識別できるので、出力ライン数を抑えて多機能な楽音制御などの信号処理が可能となる。
【００９３】
請求項４の電子打楽器によれば、出力ライン数を抑えて複数のリムショット奏法に応じた多機能な打楽器音の楽音制御が可能となるとともに、従来の音源モジュール等のジャックやステレオケーブルをそのまま利用することができる。
【００９４】
請求項５の電子打楽器によれば、出力ライン数を抑えて複数のリムショット奏法に応じた多機能な打楽器音の楽音制御が可能となるとともに、スネアドラムやタムタム等の音色設定を例えばリム近傍で行うことができ、さらに、従来の音源モジュール等のジャックやステレオケーブルをそのまま利用することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の実施形態における信号処理装置及び楽音制御装置を適用した電子打楽器のブロック構成図である。
【図２】本発明の第１実施例の打撃検出部及び楽音制御部の要部の回路構成を示す図である。
【図３】本発明の第１実施例における打撃検出部の断面図及び上面図である。
【図４】同打撃検出部の裏面図である。
【図５】本発明の第１実施例におけるセンサユニット部の拡大断面図である。
【図６】本発明の第１実施例におけるスイッチ動作に応じた状態の変化の一例を表す図である。
【図７】本発明の第１実施例におけるタイマ割込処理のフローチャートである。
【図８】本発明の第２実施例における打撃検出部の上面図及び一部破断側面図である。
【図９】同打撃検出部の一部拡大断面図である。
【図１０】本発明の第２実施例における打撃検出部及び楽音制御部の要部の回路構成を示す図である。
【図１１】本発明の第２実施例におけるスイッチ動作及びボリュームコントローラの動作に応じた状態の変化の一例を表す図である。
【図１２】本発明の第２実施例におけるタイマ割込処理のフローチャートである。
【図１３】本発明の第２実施例におけるボリュームコントローラを２つにした例を示す図である。
【図１４】本発明の第３実施例における打撃検出部及び楽音制御部の要部の回路構成を示す図である。
【図１５】本発明の第３実施例におけるエンコーダスイッチの変化を示す図である。
【図１６】本発明の第３実施例における出力電圧の変化の一例を表す図である。
【図１７】本発明の第４実施例における打撃検出部の平面図及び断面図である。
【図１８】本発明の第５実施例における鍵盤装置の要部構成を示す図である。
【図１９】従来の電子打楽器の回路構成の一例を示す図である。
【図２０】スネアドラムのリムショット奏法の例を説明する図である。
【符号の説明】
１…打撃検出部、２…楽音制御部（楽音制御手段）、３…ステレオケーブル（２芯シールドケーブル：３芯ケーブル）、１１…第１のリムショットスイッチ（スイッチ）、１２…第２のリムショットスイッチ（スイッチ）、ｉ…圧電素子（操作信号検出手段：打撃センサ）、１３…音色コントローラ（コントロール手段）、２１…信号検出部（識別手段）、２４…ＣＰＵ（識別手段）、３１…第１出力ライン（出力ライン（請求項３））、３２…第２出力ライン、ｃ…リム、ｆ…ヘッド（操作部）、Ｒ１…抵抗（抵抗手段）、ｒ…ボリュームコントローラ（コントロール手段）、Ｒ３…抵抗（抵抗手段）、２１３…Ａ／Ｄコンバータ（識別手段）、ｕ…ロータリーエンコーダ（コントロール手段）、Ｒ５…抵抗（抵抗手段）、Ｒ６…抵抗（抵抗手段）、ｗ３…ヘッド（操作部）、ｗ４…リム、１１′…リムショットスイッチ（スイッチ）、１２′…カップショットスイッチ（スイッチ）、２′…楽音制御部（識別手段：楽音制御手段）、４１…鍵（操作部）、５１…圧電素子（操作信号検出手段）、５２…左スイッチ（スイッチ）、５３…右スイッチ（スイッチ）、６１…第１出力ライン、６２…第２出力ライン、Ｒ８…抵抗（抵抗手段）[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a musical tone control apparatus, a signal processing apparatus, and an electronic percussion instrument that output the output signals of a plurality of switches through a series of output lines and control the musical sounds by identifying the operations of the plurality of switches from the output signals.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, an electronic percussion instrument (electronic drum) is provided with a head sensor that detects a hit on a head and a rim sensor that detects a hit on a rim, and processes the output of each sensor as a two-line signal. This is disclosed in JP-A-6-175651. Also, there is one that has one film switch and one piezoelectric element, and expresses the tone corresponding to the hit detected by the piezoelectric element in two tones when one film switch is pressed and not pressed. is there.
[0003]
FIG. 19 shows an example of the circuit configuration of this conventional electronic percussion instrument. The hit detection unit 100 is, for example, a snare type sensor device having a rim portion and a head. The head has a piezoelectric element 110 and a rim shot switch 120 in the rim portion. The tone control unit 200 is a controller that generates a tone signal, and includes an amplification rectification integration circuit (envelope extraction circuit) 210 and an inverter 220 with a Schmitt trigger (threshold value 0.6 V). The hit detection unit 100 and the musical tone control unit 200 are connected by a stereo cable 300.
[0004]
The piezoelectric element 110 outputs a vibration waveform signal corresponding to the impact strength to the head. The vibration waveform signal of the piezoelectric element 110 is amplified and rectified by the amplification rectification integration circuit 210 and then integrated, and the envelope signal is not shown in FIG. / D converter input. The rim shot switch 120 is normally OFF (open), and a predetermined voltage is input to the inverter 220, and is turned ON (closed) by hitting the rim portion, and the input side of the inverter 220 is grounded.
[0005]
When only the head is hit, the rim shot switch 120 remains OFF, and a switch signal of “0” is input to the CPU port (not shown) via the inverter 220. Thereby, under the control of the CPU, a striking sound based on the striking intensity detected by the piezoelectric element 110 with the head tone is generated. When the rim portion is hit, the rim shot switch 120 is turned on, and a switch signal “1” is input to the port via the inverter 220. As a result, under the control of the CPU, a striking sound based on the striking intensity detected by the piezoelectric element 110 with the rim tone is generated. This latter is one of the snare drum rim shots. Further, even if the hit detection unit is a cymbal type, the circuit is similar, and the tone color of a normal cymbal and the tone when the rim portion is hit can be expressed.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, in this type of electronic percussion instrument, the hit detection part provided with the switch is a part that detects the vibration of the hit, so if the musical sound control part is integrated with the hit detection part, it will be destroyed or damaged by intense hits, etc. For this reason, the musical tone control unit must be provided separately from the hit detection unit and connected by a cable. As described above, in order to perform signal processing on the signal from the switch arranged in the vibration system such as the hit detection unit by the separate tone control unit, there is a problem in the limitation on wiring called a cable.
[0007]
Also, if you are trying to express three timbres of normal cymbals, rim hitting tone and cup hitting tone by adding another sensor to the rim part and cup part, it is a cymbal type. Since it was added, naturally, wiring had to be added, and an INPUT terminal on the main body side (music control unit) was additionally required.
[0008]
As shown in FIG. 20, there are open rim shots (FIG. 20 (A)) and closed rim shots (FIG. 20 (B)) in rim shot playing methods such as a snare drum, and different timbres are produced. . An open rim shot is usually performed by hitting the front portion of the rim portion close to the performer and the head at the same time. On the other hand, the closed rim shot is performed by hitting a part of the rim part far from the player while holding the head surface with the hand holding the stick, but if the head is small, the stick is placed on the front part near the player of the rim part. There are also cases in which a portion of the rim portion that is far from the performer is hit and pressed near the grip portion.
[0009]
However, the conventional electronic musical instrument cannot express the difference between the open rim shot and the closed rim shot as different timbres. Even if it can be expressed, since it is necessary to add another sensor, the number of switches increases, the output signal increases, wiring becomes complicated, and in the normal tone control unit, the INPUT terminal There was a problem that connection could not be made due to restrictions on the network.
[0010]
Also, these open rim shots and closed rim shots are controlled according to the striking strength (velocity) detected by the piezoelectric element. Close rim shot sounds are used for weak rim shots, and open rim shot sounds are used for strong rim shots. However, it was unnatural and far from the actual performance operation, and there was a problem in terms of expressive power, such as being unable to express a particularly weak open rim shot.
[0011]
Also, with acoustic drums, the snare and tom tones are adjusted at the drum, but it would be convenient if such adjustments could be made with an electronic percussion instrument using a volume controller, etc. Due to line limitations, this could only be done with the sound module (musical sound controller).
[0012]
It is an object of the present invention to provide a musical tone control apparatus that enables multi-functional musical tone control while suppressing the number of output lines. It is another object of the present invention to provide a signal processing apparatus that can identify a plurality of switch signals and control signals in one line. It is another object of the present invention to provide an electronic percussion instrument capable of expressing accurate timbre by applying the musical tone control device or the signal processing device.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The musical tone control apparatus according to claim 1 of the present invention includes a plurality of switches, an operation signal detection means for outputting an operation signal corresponding to an operation in the operation section, and a resistance means for adding a different resistance to the output signal of each switch. The first output line that outputs the output signal of each switch in one series, the second output line that outputs the operation signal of the operation signal detection means, and the resistance means in the output signal of the first output line Identification means for identifying the switch operation of each switch according to a voltage difference; musical sound control means for controlling a musical sound based on the operation signal of the second output line and the switch operation of each identified switch; It is provided with.
[0014]
The musical tone control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of switches are a rim shot switch, a switch disposed under the key, and the like, and the operation unit is, for example, a head of an electronic percussion instrument, a key of a keyboard instrument, or the like. These are a vibration waveform signal when a head or the like is hit, a pressure signal (after touch signal) for pressing a key, and the like. Since the switch operation of a plurality of switches can be identified by only one series of first output lines, for example, a plurality of rim shot playing methods in a drum can be detected, and sound generation of percussion instrument sounds according to the vibration waveform signal of the second output line is controlled. Can be In addition, since it is possible to detect the rocking of the key on the keyboard, it is possible to detect a playing method such as vibrato, and to control the sound generation according to the pressure signal of the second output line. Therefore, it is possible to perform multi-functional musical tone control by reducing the number of output lines.
A detailed example of claim 1 is described in a first example, a second example, a third example, a fourth example, and a fifth example, which will be described later.
[0015]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a musical tone control apparatus having the configuration of the first aspect, wherein the first output line and the second output line are configured by a two-core shielded cable or a three-core cable. To do.
[0016]
According to the musical tone control apparatus of the second aspect, the same effect as that of the first aspect can be obtained, and for example, a two-core shielded cable such as a stereo cable or a three-core cable is used for the hit detection unit of the electronic percussion instrument with respect to the musical tone control unit. Can be used as it is, so a conventional jack or stereo cable of a sound module can be used as it is.
A detailed example of claim 2 is described in a first example, a second example, a third example, and a fourth example, which will be described later.
[0017]
The signal processing device according to claim 3 of the present invention is a control device that outputs a plurality of switches, a control signal, a resistance device that adds different resistances to the output signal of each switch and the control signal of the control device, An output line that outputs the output signal of each switch and the control signal of the control means in one series, and the switch operation and the control of the switch according to the voltage difference caused by the resistance means in the output signal of the output line And identifying means for identifying the operation of the means.
[0018]
4. The signal processing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the plurality of switches are, for example, rim shot switches of an electronic percussion instrument, and the control means is, for example, a volume controller or a rotary encoder provided in a hit detection unit of the electronic percussion instrument. Further, since the switch operation of the plurality of switches and the operation of the control means can be discriminated only by one series of first output lines, for example, it is possible to detect a plurality of rim shot performances in the drum, and control according to the operation of the control means Since the signal can be detected by the tone control unit or the like, the tone detection unit such as a snare drum or a tom tom can be set by the hit detection unit. Therefore, it is possible to perform multi-functional musical tone control by reducing the number of output lines.
A detailed example of the third aspect is described in second and third examples described later.
[0019]
An electronic percussion instrument according to claim 4 of the present invention is a head that is a hit body, a rim disposed on an outer periphery of the head, a hit sensor that detects a hit on the head and outputs a vibration waveform signal; A plurality of switches disposed on or in the vicinity of the rim, resistance means for adding different resistances to the output signals of the switches, and a first output line for outputting the output signals of the switches in one series; Each switch according to a voltage difference caused by the resistance means in the output signal of the first output line and a 2-core shielded cable or a 3-core cable having a second output line for outputting a vibration waveform signal of the impact sensor Identifying means for identifying the switch operation of the sound, and a tone control means for controlling the tone of the percussion instrument based on the vibration waveform signal of the second output line and the identified switch operation; Characterized by comprising a.
[0020]
5. The electronic percussion instrument according to claim 4, wherein the percussion sensor is a piezo-type piezoelectric sensor, for example, and the plurality of switches are rim shot switches or the like. Since the switch operation of the plurality of switches can be identified only by the first output line of one series, it is possible to detect a plurality of rim shot performances and to control the sound generation of percussion instrument sounds according to the vibration waveform signal of the second output line. it can. Therefore, it is possible to perform multi-functional musical tone control by reducing the number of output lines. Further, since the hit sensor and the plurality of switches can be connected to the musical sound control means with a two-core shielded cable such as a stereo cable or a three-core cable, a conventional jack or stereo cable such as a sound source module can be used as it is.
The detailed examples of claim 4 are described in the first embodiment, the second embodiment, the third embodiment, and the fourth embodiment.
[0021]
An electronic percussion instrument according to claim 5 of the present invention includes a head that is a hit body, a rim disposed on an outer periphery of the head, a percussion sensor that detects a hit on the head and outputs a vibration waveform signal, A plurality of switches arranged on or in the vicinity of the rim, control means for outputting a control signal, resistance means for adding different resistances to the output signal of each switch and the control signal of the control means; 2-core shielded cable or 3-core cable having a first output line for outputting the output signal of each switch and the control signal of the control means in one series and a second output line for outputting the vibration waveform signal of the impact sensor And the switch operation of each switch according to the voltage difference caused by the resistance means in the output signal of the first output line Controlling the musical tone of the percussion instrument based on the identifying means for identifying the operation of the control means, the vibration waveform signal of the second output line and the identified switch operation, and based on the operation of the control means And a tone control means for adjusting a tone color assigned to the head.
[0022]
6. The electronic percussion instrument according to claim 5, wherein the percussion sensor is, for example, a piezoelectric piezoelectric sensor, and the plurality of switches are rim shot switches. The control means is, for example, a volume controller or a rotary encoder provided near the rim. Since the switch operation of the plurality of switches can be identified only by the first output line of one series, it is possible to detect a plurality of rim shot performances and to control the sound generation of percussion instrument sounds according to the vibration waveform signal of the second output line. it can. Further, the operation of the control means can be identified only by one first output line, and the tone control means adjusts the tone assigned to the head based on the operation of the control means. Can be done in the vicinity. Therefore, it is possible to perform multi-functional musical tone control by reducing the number of output lines. Further, the hit sensor, the plurality of switches, and the control means can be connected to the sound control means by a 2-core shielded cable such as a stereo cable or a 3-core cable, so that a conventional jack or stereo cable such as a sound source module is used as it is. be able to.
The detailed example of claim 5 is described in the second and third embodiments.
[0023]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electronic percussion instrument to which a signal processing device and a musical tone control device according to an embodiment are applied, and corresponds to first to fourth examples described later. This electronic percussion instrument is composed of a hit detection unit 1 composed of a head or the like and a tone control unit 2 provided in a sound source module or the like. It is connected. In FIG. 1, the common shield line of the stereo cable 3 is not shown.
[0024]
The hit detection unit 1 includes a first rim shot switch 11 (SW1), a second rim shot switch 12 (SW2), and a piezoelectric element (hitting sensor) i for detecting a rim shot performance as will be described later. . Note that the control means 13 indicated by a broken line corresponds to second and third embodiments described later, and the control means 13 adjusts the tone assigned to the head. The musical sound control unit 2 includes a signal detection unit 21, an AMP half-wave rectification integration circuit (envelope extraction circuit) 22, an A / D converter 23, a CPU 24, a ROM 25, a RAM 26, a sound source 27, a waveform memory 28, and a D / A converter 29. It has.
[0025]
As will be described later, the signal detector 21 detects ON / OFF of the rim shot switches 11 and 12 connected to the first output line 31 of the stereo cable 3, and sends a switch signal corresponding to each ON / OFF to the CPU 24. Enter the port. The amplification rectification integration circuit 22 detects an envelope signal (envelope) of the vibration waveform signal input from the piezoelectric element i connected to the second output line 32 of the stereo cable 3 and outputs it to the A / D converter 23. . The A / D converter 23 converts the input envelope signal into a digital signal in a time division manner and inputs the digital signal to a port of the CPU 24. The CPU 24 operates based on a control program stored in the ROM 25, and controls the generation of musical sounds using the working area of the RAM 26.
[0026]
Specifically, the CPU 24 uses the switch signal from the rim shot switches 11 and 12 and the vibration waveform signal output from the piezoelectric element i (envelope signal input from the A / D converter 23) in the hit detection unit 1. Musical sound parameters required by the sound source 27 are generated and supplied to the sound source 27 on the basis of the hitting position (performance method: normal head hitting or open rim shot or closed rim shot) and the hitting strength. The musical tone parameters are a timbre parameter for designating a timbre (waveform data) according to the playing style, velocity data for designating the volume, note-on data for instructing the start of sound generation, and the like. Further, the CPU 24 sets the tone color assigned to the head of the hit detection unit 1 and the tone color adjustment data in the sound source 27.
[0027]
The sound source 27 sequentially reads out waveform data of the tone color specified by the tone color parameter from the waveform memory 28 based on the note-on data, performs volume control, effect control, etc., and outputs a digital musical sound waveform signal to the D / A converter 29. . The D / A converter 29 converts the digital musical sound waveform signal into an analog signal and outputs it to a sound system (not shown) composed of an amplifier and a speaker to generate percussion musical sounds. The generated musical sound is automatically attenuated according to the envelope.
[0028]
(First embodiment)
3 and 4 show a first embodiment of the hit detection unit 1, FIG. 3A is a sectional view, FIG. 3B is a top view, and FIG. 4 is a back view. The hit detection unit 1 of the first embodiment is a snare type example, and the head f is placed on the open end (upper part) of the bottom case e and fixed by the outer edge ring d. A rim c is joined to the bottom case e by a screw g around the head f and at the top of the outer ring d. Above the rim c, the first rim shot switch 11 (SW1) and the second rim shot switch 12 (SW2) are disposed, and the first and second rim shot switches 11 and 12 are rim cushions. It is covered by a. Thereby, at the time of a rim shot, the rim cushion a is hit, and the first rim shot switch 11 or the second rim shot switch 12 operates (ON).
[0029]
Each of the first and second rim shot switches 11 and 12 is a film switch. As shown in FIG. 3B, the first rim shot switch 11 (SW1) is a player of the rim portion (rim c). The second rim shot switch 12 (SW2) is disposed in a substantially semicircular arc shape in a portion near the player in the rim portion. The first and second rim shot switches 11 and 12 can reliably detect the performance methods of the closed rim shot and the open rim shot.
[0030]
The sensor unit 10 includes a sensor holder h, the above-described piezoelectric element i, sensor cushion j, and the like. The sensor holder h is disposed in a partially cut-out portion of the rim c and one-side spaced portions of the rim shot switches 11 and 12. The bottom case e is joined by a screw g. The detailed structure of the sensor unit unit 10 will be described later. As shown in FIG. 4, the drum holder joint p for joining the member that supports the hit detection unit 1, the signals of the rim shot switches 11 and 12, and the piezoelectric element i are output to the back surface of the bottom case e. A signal output unit (jack or the like) q is disposed.
[0031]
The head f was formed by laminating a first net and a second net woven by a plain weave made of leather, a plastic sheet, or vertical and horizontal fibers so that the weave directions are oblique to each other. It is formed of a net-like material (mesh) or the like. The sensor holder h is made of metal and protects the piezoelectric element i from an impact when the sensor unit 10 is accidentally hit. The sensor holder h is a highly durable electronic drum. Further, the bottom case e is formed by, for example, a reinforced plastic or aluminum die-cast method or wood. The rim cushion a is made of rubber, and the rim c is made of metal. Further, the piezoelectric element i is a piezo-type piezoelectric sensor.
[0032]
FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the sensor unit 10 and shows three embodiments. 5A, a sensor cushion j is fixed below the piezoelectric element i, and the lower end of the sensor cushion j is in contact with the head f. Further, a plurality of vibration absorbing materials k such as butyl rubber are scattered between the sensor holder h and the piezoelectric element i, and the piezoelectric elements i are fixed to the sensor holder h by the vibration absorbing material k. In addition, as shown by the broken line in FIG. 3B, when the vibration absorbing material k is three points, the piezoelectric element i can be particularly stably held by the three-point support.
[0033]
With the above configuration, when the head f is hit, the vibration of the head f is transmitted to the piezoelectric element i through the sensor cushion j, and a vibration waveform signal corresponding to the hitting force is output from the piezoelectric element i. Further, during the rim shot, the sensor holder h vibrates, the vibration is transmitted to the piezoelectric element i through the vibration absorbing material k, and a vibration waveform signal corresponding to the striking force is output from the piezoelectric element i.
[0034]
In the sensor unit portion 10 of FIG. 5B, a sensor cushion j is fixed below the sensor plate m so as to come into contact with the head f, and the piezoelectric element i mounts the vibration absorbing material k on the sensor plate m. It is arranged via. In addition, a plurality of sensor holder projections l protruding from the sensor holder h are scattered, and a sensor plate m is fixed to the lower end of the sensor holder projection l. With such a configuration, vibration is transmitted more to the piezoelectric element i, and accurate vibration can be detected.
[0035]
With the above configuration, when the head f is hit, the vibration of the head f is transmitted to the piezoelectric element i through the sensor cushion j, and a vibration waveform signal corresponding to the hitting force is output from the piezoelectric element i. Further, at the time of rim shot, the sensor holder h vibrates, the vibration is transmitted to the piezoelectric element i through the sensor holder protrusion l, the sensor plate m, and the vibration absorbing material k, and a vibration waveform signal corresponding to the impact force is generated by the piezoelectric element. output from i.
[0036]
In the sensor unit 10 shown in FIG. 5C, a vibration absorbing material in which a sensor cushion j is fixed to be in contact with the head f under the sensor plate m, and the piezoelectric elements i are scattered on the sensor plate m. via k. In addition, a plurality of sensor holder projections l projecting from the sensor holder h are scattered, and a sensor plate m is fixed to a lower end portion of the sensor holder projection l via a vibration absorbing material k. With such a configuration, vibration is transmitted more to the piezoelectric element i, and accurate vibration can be detected.
[0037]
With the above configuration, when the head f is hit, the vibration of the head f is transmitted to the piezoelectric element i through the sensor cushion j, and a vibration waveform signal corresponding to the hitting force is output from the piezoelectric element i. Further, at the time of the rim shot, the sensor holder h vibrates, and the vibration is transmitted to the piezoelectric element i through the sensor holder protrusion l, the vibration absorbing material k, the sensor plate m, and the vibration absorbing material k, and the vibration according to the striking force. A waveform signal is output from the piezoelectric element i.
[0038]
5A to 5C, the sensor cushion j is a buffer member made of a material such as rubber or urethane sponge, and absorbs only unnecessary vibration transmitted from the head f. Further, the vibration absorbing material k is butyl rubber or the like as described above, and absorbs only unnecessary vibration transmitted from the sensor holder h.
[0039]
As described above, since the sensor cushion j is interposed between the piezoelectric element i and the head f, it is possible to obtain a signal with less noise than when the head is hit. In addition, since the piezoelectric element i is coupled to the rim c via the sensor holder h, it is possible to accurately obtain a vibration waveform signal corresponding to a hit at the time of rim shot and less noise due to the vibration absorbing material k and the like. A signal can be obtained.
[0040]
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the circuit configuration of the main parts of the hit detection unit 1 and the musical tone control unit 2 of the first embodiment. In the following description, for the sake of simplicity, “first rim shot switch 11” is read as “SW1” and “second rim shot switch 12” is read as “SW2” as appropriate. SW1 and SW2 provided in the rim portion of the hit detection unit 1 are connected in parallel, and one switch (SW2) is connected in series with a 10K ohm resistor R1. The connection point of SW1 and SW2 is connected to one input terminal of each of the first and second comparators 211 and 212 in the signal detection unit 21 of the tone control unit 2 via the first output line 31 of the stereo cable 3. ing. Further, the reference voltages of 3V and 0.6V are applied to the other input terminals of the comparators 211 and 212, respectively, and the first output line 31 is connected to a predetermined voltage of 5V via a resistor R2 of 10K ohms. ing.
[0041]
One end of the piezoelectric element i of the hit detection unit 1 is connected to the amplification rectification integration circuit 22 of the musical tone control unit 2 via the second output line 32 of the stereo cable 3. The connection point of SW1 and resistor R1 and the other end of the piezoelectric element i are grounded via the common shield line 33 of the stereo cable 3 on the musical sound control unit 2 side. In this example, the stereo cable 3 is a two-core shielded cable, but the same applies to a three-core cable.
[0042]
With the above configuration, the vibration waveform signal of the piezoelectric element i is converted into an envelope signal by the amplification rectification integration circuit 22 and input to the A / D converter 23. When both SW1 and SW2 are OFF (open), a predetermined voltage greater than 3V is applied to one input terminal of each of the first and second comparators 211 and 212, and the outputs of the comparators 211 and 212 are Both are “1”. When SW1 is ON (closed), one input terminal of each of the comparators 211 and 212 is grounded regardless of whether SW2 is ON or OFF, and the outputs of the comparators 211 and 212 are both “0”. When SW1 is OFF and SW2 is ON, a predetermined voltage (2.5 V) is applied to one input terminal of each of the comparators 211 and 212, the output of the comparator 211 is “0”, and the output of the comparator 212 is output. Becomes “1”.
[0043]
The relationship between the state of SW1 and SW2 (switch operation), the output of the comparator 211 (Data1), and the output of the comparator 212 (Data2) is summarized in Table 1 below. The outputs of the comparators 211 and 212 are input to a port of the CPU 24, and the state of the SW1 and SW2 is identified by the CPU 24. The timbres shown in the table are assigned according to each state.
[0044]
[Table 1]

[0045]
As described above, SW1 is disposed in a portion far from the performer of the rim portion, and SW2 is disposed in a front portion near the performer of the rim portion. Therefore, at the time of hitting the normal head f, the hitting strength is detected by the piezoelectric element i, and both SW1 and SW2 are OFF, and the outputs of the comparators 211 and 212 are Data1 = "1", Data2 = " 1 ". That is, in this case, it means that no rim shot has been detected, and a striking sound corresponding to the striking strength is generated with a head striking tone. Note that the state in which Data1 = "1" and Data2 = "1" is referred to as "state 1".
[0046]
At the time of open rim shot, the impact strength is detected by the piezoelectric element i, SW1 (back side) is OFF, SW2 (front side) is ON, and the outputs of the comparators 211 and 212 are Data1 = " 0 "and Data2 =" 1 ". In this case, a striking sound corresponding to the striking strength is generated with an open rim shot tone. The state in which Data1 = "0" and Data2 = "1" is referred to as "State 2".
[0047]
Further, at the time of a closed rim shot, the impact strength is detected by the piezoelectric element i, SW1 (back side) is turned ON, and SW2 (front side) is a method of playing by pressing the gripped stick against SW2. The output of the comparators 211 and 212 at this time is Data1 = "0" and Data2 = "0" depending on whether or not it is taken. In this case, a striking sound corresponding to the striking strength is generated with a tone for a closed rim shot. Note that the state of Data1 = "0" and Data2 = "0" is referred to as "State 3".
[0048]
In this way, the resistor R1 is a resistor means for adding different resistors to the output signals of SW1 and SW2, and the comparators 211, 212 and the CPU 24 respond to the voltage difference caused by the resistor R1 in the output signal of the first output line 31. , SW1 and SW2 are identification means for identifying the switch operation. The CPU 24 is a tone control means.
[0049]
The hit detection unit 1 according to the embodiment can generate a hit sound of a rim shot if either SW1 / SW2 is turned on even when connected to a conventional musical tone control unit (controller). In addition, the resistance value added to SW2 is determined so that the ON of SW1 or SW2 can be detected.
[0050]
The above sound generation process is performed by the timer interrupt process of the CPU 24. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a state change according to the switch operation of the first embodiment, and FIG. 7 is a flowchart of the timer interrupt process. The operation of the first embodiment will be described based on FIGS. To do. In this timer interrupt process, sound generation processing corresponding to the closed rim shot and open rim shot is performed. The sound generation process corresponding to normal head hitting is performed in the main process performed in parallel with this timer interrupt process. This is performed when the envelope of the vibration waveform signal of the element i is other than “0”.
[0051]
In FIG. 6 between AB, CD, EF, and IJ, SW1 and SW2 are both OFF and state 1 remains unchanged. Thus, both step S1 and step S2 (FIG. 7) are both NO, and the original routine is continued. If the envelope of the vibration waveform signal is not “0” in the main process, the sound generation process corresponding to the head hit is performed. That is, at the time of normal head hitting, the hitting strength is detected by the piezoelectric element i, and both SW1 and SW2 are OFF (state 1), so that the hitting sound according to the hitting strength is a head hitting tone. Pronounce.
[0052]
When SW2 is turned on, the state changes from state 1 to state 2 (point B in FIG. 6), and YES is determined in step S2, and the open rim shot tone is detected by the piezoelectric element i by the open rim shot process in step S4. A sound is generated according to the strength of the hit. In the state in which SW2 remains ON (between BC in FIG. 6), since there is no change in state 2, both NO in steps S7 and S8, and this loop is repeated. When SW2 is turned OFF, the state changes from state 2 to state 1 (point C in FIG. 6), and YES is returned in step S8 to return to the original routine.
[0053]
When SW1 is turned on, the state changes from state 1 to state 3 (point D in FIG. 6). The answer is YES in step S1, and the closed rim shot tone is detected by the piezoelectric element i by the closed rim shot process in step S3. A sound is generated according to the strength of the hit. In the state where SW1 is kept ON (between DE in FIG. 6), since there is no change in the state 3, both NO in step S5 and step S6, and this loop is repeated. When SW1 is turned off, the state changes from state 3 to state 1 (point E in FIG. 6), and YES is returned in step S6 to return to the original routine.
[0054]
In addition, a closed rim shot is performed in which a portion near the grip of the rim is pressed against the player near the rim portion (front side) and a portion farther from the player (back side) is hit. In this case, SW1 is turned on and SW2 is turned on (becomes state 3), so that a striking sound corresponding to the striking strength is generated with a tone for close rim shot.
[0055]
When SW2 is turned on (loop of steps S7 and S8) and SW1 is turned on, the state changes from state 2 to state 3 (point G in FIG. 6), YES at step S7, and close at step S3. A rim shot process is performed. When SW1 is turned off, the state changes from state 3 to state 2 (point H in FIG. 6), and YES is determined in step SS5, and the process returns to step S7. That is, even if one of the switches (SW2) is kept pressed, the other switch (SW1) operates. Therefore, the vicinity of the player of the rim part is pressed against the vicinity of the player and the rim part is played. Even when hitting a part far from the person, only the tone of the closed rim shot can be generated.
[0056]
As described above, the first output line 31 of the stereo cable 3 can obtain an output corresponding to the operation of the two switches (SW1, SW2) even with one line. Different tones can be assigned reliably.
[0057]
(Second embodiment)
8 and 9 show a second embodiment of the hit detection unit 1, FIG. 8A is a top view, FIG. 8B is a partially broken side view, and FIG. 9 is a partially enlarged sectional view. Elements corresponding to those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals as in FIGS. The hit detection unit 1 of the second embodiment is in the form of an acoustic drum, the head f is placed on the open end (upper part) of a cylindrical bottom case (shell) e, and the outer ring d is covered by a rim c. , Hold down and fixed. The rim c is joined to the bottom case e by a screw g. A rim c around the head f is provided with a first rim shot switch 11 (SW1) and a second rim shot switch 12 (SW2). Thereby, at the time of the rim shot, the first rim shot switch 11 or the second rim shot switch 12 operates (ON).
[0058]
As shown in FIG. 9, the sensor unit 10 includes a sensor holder h, a piezoelectric element (piezoelectric piezoelectric sensor) i, a sensor cushion j, a vibration absorber k, a volume controller r, a signal output unit q, and the like. The holder h is fixed to the rim c via the base h1. A plurality of vibration absorbing materials k such as butyl rubber are scattered between the substrate h1 and the piezoelectric elements i, and the piezoelectric elements i are fixed to the sensor holder h by the vibration absorbing materials k. A sensor cushion j is fixed below the piezoelectric element i, and the lower end of the sensor cushion j is in contact with the head f.
[0059]
With the above configuration, when the head f is hit, the vibration of the head f is transmitted to the piezoelectric element i through the sensor cushion j, and a vibration waveform signal corresponding to the hitting force is output from the piezoelectric element i. Further, at the time of the rim shot, the sensor holder h vibrates, the vibration is transmitted to the piezoelectric element i through the base h1 and the vibration absorbing material k, and a vibration waveform signal corresponding to the striking force is output from the piezoelectric element i. Since the piezoelectric element i is coupled to the rim c via the sensor holder h, it is possible to accurately obtain a vibration waveform signal corresponding to the hit at the rim shot. Also in FIG. 9, the sensor cushion j is a cushioning member made of a material such as rubber or urethane sponge, and absorbs only unnecessary vibrations of impact transmitted from the head f, so that noise is less with respect to head hitting. A signal can be obtained. Furthermore, since the vibration absorbing material k is butyl rubber or the like as described above and absorbs only unnecessary vibration transmitted from the sensor holder h, a signal with less noise can be obtained.
[0060]
The sensor holder h is provided with a volume controller (variable resistor) r. When the volume controller r is rotated, the volume value (resistance value) changes, and this volume value is controlled by a tone control unit as will be described later. It is detected as a volume control signal for tone color control. In the first embodiment, the operations of the two switches SW1 and SW2 are output in one line. However, in this second embodiment, the volume control signal is the same as the switch signals of SW1 and SW2. Detect by line 31.
[0061]
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration of the main part of the hit detection unit 1 and the musical tone control unit 2 of the second embodiment. Elements similar to those in FIG. 2 of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals as in FIG. It is. As shown in the figure, a 47K ohm resistor R3 is connected in series to the volume controller r, and the volume controller r and resistor R3 are connected in parallel to SW1 and SW2. The connection point of SW 1, SW 2 and volume controller r is connected to the A / D converter 213 in the signal detection unit 21 of the tone control unit 2 via the first output line 31 of the stereo cable 3. The output is input to the CPU 24 (FIG. 1). The first output line 31 is connected to a predetermined voltage of 5V via a 47K ohm resistor R4. Other configurations are the same as those in FIG. In the second embodiment, the volume controller r is the control means 13 in FIG.
[0062]
Here, the A / D converter 213 converts the voltage of the first output line 31 into digital data. The combined resistance value of the volume controller r, the resistor R3, and the resistor R1 when SW2 is ON is the volume controller. Since it is smaller than the combined resistance value of r and resistor R3, the voltage of the first output line 31 when SW2 is ON (SW1 is OFF) is lower than the voltage when both SW1 and SW2 are OFF. Accordingly, the CPU 24 is in a state 1 in which both SW1 and SW2 are turned off by the output of the A / D converter 213, a state 2 in which SW1 is turned off and SW2 is turned on, and a state in which SW1 is turned on (SW2 is turned on / off). 3 can be identified respectively. Further, in the state 1 in which both SW1 and SW2 are OFF, the volume control signal (voltage value) corresponding to the resistance value of the volume controller r can be read from the output of the A / D converter 213.
[0063]
Thus, the resistors R1 and R3 are resistor means for adding different resistors to the output signals of SW1 and SW2 and the control signal of the volume controller r, and the A / D converter 213 and the CPU 24 are connected to the output signals of SW1 and SW2 and the volume. It is an identification means for discriminating between the switch operation of SW1 and SW2 and the operation of the volume controller r according to the voltage difference generated by the resistance means of the control signal of the controller r. Note that the voltage of the first output line 31 in the state 2 in which SW1 is OFF and SW2 is ON varies depending on the resistance value of the volume controller r, but the resistance value of the resistor R3 is sufficiently larger than the resistance value of the resistor R1. Since the voltage of the output line 31 is small, the SW2 signal (state 2) is sufficiently set regardless of the resistance value of the volume controller r by giving a suitable width to the determination level of the state 2. Can be identified.
[0064]
Thus, the change in the resistance value of the volume controller r can be obtained as a voltage change in the state 1 similar to the first embodiment. That is, in the non-striking state (when both SW1 and SW2 are OFF), the resistance value of the volume controller r is changed, the volume control signal (voltage value) is read, and the tone assigned to the head according to the volume control signal is read. Can be controlled.
[0065]
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a state change according to the switch operation and the operation of the volume controller r according to the second embodiment, and FIG. 12 is a flowchart of the timer interrupt process according to the second embodiment. The operation of the second embodiment will be described based on FIG. In FIG. 12, the same step numbers as those in FIG. Also in the second embodiment, the sound generation process corresponding to the normal head hit is performed in the main process as in the first embodiment.
[0066]
In the example of FIG. 11, while the volume controller r is gradually throttled from the maximum resistance value state and then gradually changed to the maximum resistance value state, the same switch operation as the first embodiment (FIG. 6) ) Is an example. SW1 and SW2 are all in OFF state 1 between AB, CD, EF, and IJ in FIG. 11, and when the volume control signal is maximum (between AA 'in FIG. 11), volume control is performed. Since there is no change in the signal, NO is returned in step S21, and the process returns to the original routine. When there is a change in the volume control signal (between A'B, between CD, between EF, and IJ in FIG. 11), YES is determined in step S21, NO is determined in steps S1 and S2, and volume processing is performed in step S22. To adjust the tone color according to the output data of the A / D converter 213, and the process returns to step S21. When a vibration waveform signal is detected or when SW1 and SW2 are operated, the same processing as in the first embodiment is performed, and sound generation with a tone for head hitting and sound generation with a tone for open rim shot are performed. , Make sound with closed rim shot tone.
[0067]
As described above, the first output line 31 of the stereo cable 3 can obtain the output of the switch signal and the volume control signal of the two switches (SW1, SW2) even with one line. Accordingly, different timbres can be surely assigned according to the timbre, and timbre control can be performed by operating the hit detection section (head section) as in the case of adjusting the snare tension with an actual drum.
[0068]
The volume controller r is not limited to a rotating form as in the embodiment, but may be a slide volume or another form. In addition, when the volume controller r is provided in the head portion as in the embodiment, it is easy to use because it is easy to know that it is for adjusting the tone color of the head portion, but this volume controller r is provided separately from the head portion. It may be.
[0069]
Furthermore, as indicated by a broken line in FIG. 10, another volume controller may be connected in parallel. For example, a separate volume controller such as a foot pedal may be connected in parallel. In this case, if one of the volume controllers is set to the maximum, the other volume controller can perform the same control. For example, as shown in FIG. 13, a ribbon controller t is attached to the head portion, and this is connected to the volume controller r by a controller connection s. Then, the tone controller may be controlled by the ribbon controller t by setting the volume controller r to the maximum resistance value.
[0070]
In the first embodiment (FIG. 3), the rim shot switch (SW1) 11 and the rim shot switch (SW2) 12 in the rim portion are equally divided so as to correspond to semicircles, but the present invention is not limited to this. The size of the corresponding portion of SW2 may be varied. For example, in the second embodiment (FIG. 8), SW1 occupies three-quarters of the rim circle and SW2 occupies one-fourth, and thus in front of the performer. By increasing the ratio of a certain SW2 and decreasing the ratio of the SW1 on the far side, it is possible to easily perform an open rim shot that is frequently used.
[0071]
(Third embodiment)
In the second embodiment, the volume controller r is used as the control means 13, but a rotary encoder may be used as the control means 13 as in the third embodiment. FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the circuit configuration of the main parts of the hit detection unit 1 and the musical tone control unit 2 of the third embodiment. Elements similar to those in FIG. 10 of the second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals as in FIG. It is. The rotary encoder u includes two encoder switches SWa and SWb. As is well known, the encoder switches SWa and SWb are, for example, switches based on contacts that are held with two phase differences interlocked with the rotary operation element. For example, as shown in FIG. It turns ON / OFF with a phase difference. Moreover, the phase difference which arises also changes with the difference in a rotation direction.
[0072]
As shown in FIG. 14, a 33K ohm resistor (resistor means) R5 is connected in series to one encoder switch SWa, and a 100K ohm resistor (resistor means) R6 is connected in series to the other encoder switch SWb. Has been. The encoder switch SWa and the resistor R5, and the encoder switch SWb and the resistor R6 are connected in parallel to the SW1 and SW2, respectively. The first output line 31 is connected to a predetermined voltage of 5V through a resistor R7 of 33K ohms, and is grounded through a capacitor C of 0.1 μF for noise prevention.
[0073]
FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a change in the output voltage according to the operation of the rotary encoder u of the third embodiment. When the SW1 and SW2 are both in the OFF state 1, the rotary operator of the rotary encoder u is operated. Shows the case. This output voltage changes as shown in FIG. 16A when rotating left as shown in FIG. 15A, and changes to FIG. 16B when rotating right as shown in FIG. 15B. ) Will change. Thus, since different output signals are obtained depending on the rotation direction, the rotation direction can be determined based on the magnitude of the first stage value that decreases from 5 V and stabilizes. Then, the CPU 24 increases or decreases the timbre control signal (degree of control) according to the rotation direction and the number of pulse signals, and controls the timbre assigned to the head as in the second embodiment. When a vibration waveform signal is detected or when SW1 and SW2 are operated, the same processing as in the first and second embodiments is performed to generate a percussion instrument sound corresponding to the playing style.
[0074]
In the second and third embodiments described above, the tone assigned to the head is controlled by the volume controller or the rotary encoder. However, the open rim shot tone or the closed rim shot tone assigned to the rim portion is used. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the drum kit (the type of instrument (tone) in the drum set) may be switched using a volume controller or a rotary encoder. In addition, the object controlled by the volume controller or the rotary encoder is not limited to this.
[0075]
(Fourth embodiment)
FIG. 17 shows a fourth embodiment of the hit detection unit 1, FIG. 17 (A) is a plan view, and FIG. 17 (B) is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 17 (A). The hit detection unit 1 is a cymbal type example, and a fan-shaped frame v is covered with a fan-shaped pad w made of an elastic member, and a case x for housing the resistor R1, the output terminal, and the like is provided on the back surface of the frame v. It has an attached structure.
[0076]
The pad w has a cup portion w2 bulging around the mounting hole w1, a head w3 extending in the range of about 90 degrees around the circumference, and a rim w4 formed on the edge of the head w3. An arc-shaped rim shot switch 11 ′ (SW1) is disposed between the rim w4. An arcuate cup shot switch 12 '(SW2) is disposed between the vicinity of the center circle of the frame v and the cup portion w2. Further, a piezoelectric element i is disposed on the back surface of the frame v corresponding to the lower part of the base of the head w3 of the cup part w2. The signal processing circuits for the rim shot switch 11 '(SW1), the cup shot switch 12' (SW2) and the piezoelectric element i in the fourth embodiment are the same as the rim shot switches 11 and 13 and the piezoelectric element i in the first embodiment. Is similar to the circuit of FIG.
[0077]
With the above configuration, the rim shot switch 11 '(SW1) is turned on by hitting the rim w3, and the cup shot switch 12' (SW2) is turned on by hitting the cup portion W2. Further, the piezoelectric element i provides vibration waveform signals corresponding to the striking strength with respect to striking the central portion of the head w3, striking the rim w3, and striking the cup portion w2. Therefore, since the ON / OFF of the rim shot switch 11 '(SW1) and the cup shot switch 12' (SW2) and the striking strength can be detected, the number of output lines is suppressed in the cymbal type, and the normal cymbal tone, The three colors of the rim hitting tone and the cup hitting tone can be reliably expressed.
[0078]
(5th Example)
Each of the above embodiments has been described with respect to an example in which the signal processing apparatus of the present invention is applied to an electronic percussion instrument. However, it can also be applied to a keyboard instrument as in the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. In the fifth embodiment, a piezoelectric element 51 is disposed below the center of each key 41 on a circuit board under the key of an electronic keyboard instrument, and a left switch 52 (SW1) and a right switch are provided on both sides of the piezoelectric element 51. 53 (SW2) is provided. Each left switch 52 and each right switch 53 corresponding to each key 41 is connected to the musical tone control unit 2 ′ via an output line 61, and a resistor R 8 is provided between each right switch 53 and the first output line 61. Is connected. The piezoelectric element 51 corresponding to each key 41 is connected to the musical tone control unit 2 ′ via the second output line 62.
[0079]
With the above configuration, when the key 41 is pressed, the piezoelectric element 51 is pressed by the actuator formed on the back surface of the key 41, and the resistance value is changed according to the pressing force. Since the change in the resistance value of the piezoelectric element 51 can be detected as a voltage change by the tone control unit 2 ', an aftertouch can be detected.
[0080]
The left switch 52 and the right switch 53 are turned ON / OFF by contact / non-contact of the contact of the actuator formed on the back surface of the key 41, and correspond to the piezoelectric element 51 when the key 41 is pressed straight. Since the actuator to be in contact is in contact with each other, the contacts corresponding to the left switch 52 and the right switch 53 are not in contact, and both the switches 52 and 53 are turned off. In this state, if a key pressing operation is performed so that the key 41 is tilted to the left, the left switch 52 comes into contact with the contact and turns ON (SW2 is OFF). If a key pressing operation is performed so that the key 41 is tilted to the right, the right switch 53 contacts the contact and turns ON (SW1 is OFF).
[0081]
The switch signals of the left switch 52 (SW1) and the right switch 53 (SW2) can be detected as a voltage difference due to the connection of the resistor R8, and the musical tone control unit as in the above embodiment. In 2 ', it is possible to detect which of SW1 and SW2 is ON (or OFF). Therefore, various musical tone controls such as generating different tones and applying different effects based on the output corresponding to the ON / OFF of SW1 or SW2 and the pressing force of the piezoelectric element 51 by the musical tone control unit 2 ′. It can be performed.
[0082]
For example, when a musical tone with vibrato effect is generated according to the key pressing strength (pressure) detected by the piezoelectric element 51 with respect to a normal key pressing (SW1 and SW2 are both OFF), and the key 41 is tilted to the left When SW1 is ON and SW2 is OFF, a musical sound with a reverberation effect is generated according to the key pressing intensity detected by the piezoelectric element 51, and when the key 41 is tilted to the right (SW1 is OFF). When SW2 is ON), a musical sound with a panning effect is generated according to the key depression intensity detected by the piezoelectric element 51. In this way, different timbres can be produced or different effects can be imparted depending on the operations of SW1 and SW2. Moreover, since the output lines 61 of SW1 and SW2 may be one series, the wiring design and structure are simplified.
[0083]
Although each embodiment has been described above, the following configuration can also be used. In the embodiment of the electronic percussion instrument, there may be a plurality of piezoelectric elements of the hit detection unit, and at the time of hitting, the hitting position is specified with reference to the output signals of the plural piezoelectric elements, and the hitting position is determined. You may make it sound by a timbre. In this case, an output signal-hitting position conversion table for specifying the hitting position may be provided, and the hitting position may be specified with reference to the table.
[0084]
In the embodiment, a piezoelectric element is used as the impact sensor, but any device such as an optical sensor or a magnetic sensor that can detect the impact strength can be used. The switch is not limited to a film switch, but may be another type of switch.
[0085]
Also, the number of switches is not limited to two, and a plurality of switches such as SW3, SW4,... Are prepared, and the size of the resistance added to each output signal is made different so that the operation of each switch can be performed with one line. It may be possible to identify them.
[0086]
In the above embodiment, SW1 and SW2 of the hit detection unit 1 are provided in the same device. However, SW2 may be provided in different parts such as a foot pedal unit, or SW3 may be newly added to the foot pedal unit. A different tone such as a bass drum tone may be generated by operating the pedal. In this case, wiring can be facilitated by using a simple adapter or the like that can connect SW3 to the same line as SW1 and SW2.
[0087]
In the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the two rim shot switches (SW1) and (SW2) are arranged in two parts in the upper and lower directions (front and rear) in the portion that is far from the player of the rim c. Not limited to this, each switch is arranged on the inside and outside (concentric circle) of the rim c, and when the inside switch is turned on, it is closed rim shot, and when the outside switch is turned on, it is open. You may make it sound by the tone of a rim shot.
[0088]
The hit detection unit and the musical tone control unit are not limited to being separated and connected by a cable as in the embodiment, but can also be applied to processing in the same apparatus.
[0089]
In the first and second embodiments, two switches are arranged on the rim c. However, the rim c is not limited to the rim, and a plurality of switches are provided on the head. May be pronounced.
[0090]
【The invention's effect】
According to the musical tone control apparatus of the first aspect, multi-functional musical tone control can be performed while suppressing the number of output lines.
[0091]
According to the musical tone control apparatus of the second aspect, the same effect as that of the first aspect can be obtained, and a conventional jack or stereo cable of a sound source module or the like can be used as it is.
[0092]
According to the signal processing device of the third aspect, since the switch operation of the plurality of switches and the operation of the control means can be discriminated only by the first output line of one series, the number of output lines can be suppressed and multifunctional tone control can be performed. Signal processing is possible.
[0093]
According to the electronic percussion instrument of the fourth aspect, it is possible to control the musical tone of a multi-functional percussion instrument sound according to a plurality of rim shot playing methods by suppressing the number of output lines, and the conventional jack and stereo cable of the tone generator module can be used as they are. Can be used.
[0094]
According to the electronic percussion instrument of claim 5, it is possible to control the tone of multi-functional percussion instrument sounds according to a plurality of rim shot playing methods while suppressing the number of output lines, and to set the tone color of a snare drum, a tam tom, etc. In addition, a jack such as a conventional sound module and a stereo cable can be used as they are.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electronic percussion instrument to which a signal processing device and a musical tone control device according to an embodiment of the present invention are applied.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a circuit configuration of a main part of a hit detection unit and a tone control unit according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 3A and 3B are a cross-sectional view and a top view of a hit detection unit according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIGS.
FIG. 4 is a rear view of the hit detection unit.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a sensor unit portion in the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a change in state according to a switch operation in the first exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart of timer interrupt processing in the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 8A and 8B are a top view and a partially broken side view of a hit detection unit according to a second embodiment of the present invention. FIGS.
FIG. 9 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the hit detection unit.
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration of main parts of a hit detection unit and a tone control unit in a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a state change according to a switch operation and a volume controller operation according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a flowchart of timer interrupt processing in the second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example in which two volume controllers are used in the second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration of main parts of a hit detection unit and a tone control unit in a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a change of an encoder switch in the third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a change in output voltage in the third embodiment of the present invention.
17A and 17B are a plan view and a cross-sectional view of a hit detection unit according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a main configuration of a keyboard apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of a circuit configuration of a conventional electronic percussion instrument.
FIG. 20 is a diagram for explaining an example of a rim shot playing method of a snare drum.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Impact detection part, 2 ... Musical sound control part (musical sound control means), 3 ... Stereo cable (2 core shielded cable: 3 core cable), 11 ... 1st rim shot switch (switch), 12 ... 2nd rim | limb Shot switch (switch), i ... piezoelectric element (operation signal detection means: impact sensor), 13 ... tone color controller (control means), 21 ... signal detection unit (identification means), 24 ... CPU (identification means), 31 ... 1 output line (output line (Claim 3)), 32 ... second output line, c ... rim, f ... head (operation unit), R1 ... resistance (resistance means), r ... volume controller (control means), R3 ... resistance (resistance means), 213 ... A / D converter (identification means), u ... rotary encoder (control means), R5 ... resistance (resistance means), R6 ... resistance (resistance) Means), w3... Head (operation unit), w4... Rim, 11 '... rim shot switch (switch), 12' ... cup shot switch (switch), 2 '... musical sound control unit (identification means: musical sound control means), 41 ... Key (operation unit), 51 ... Piezoelectric element (operation signal detection means), 52 ... Left switch (switch), 53 ... Right switch (switch), 61 ... First output line, 62 ... Second output line, R8 ... resistance (resistance means)

Claims (5)

Multiple switches,
Operation signal detection means for outputting an operation signal corresponding to an operation in the operation unit;
Resistance means for adding a different resistance to the output signal of each switch;
A first output line for outputting the output signal of each switch in one series;
A second output line for outputting an operation signal of the operation signal detection means;
Identification means for identifying a switch operation of each switch according to a voltage difference caused by the resistance means in an output signal of the first output line;
A tone control means for controlling a tone based on an operation signal of the second output line and a switch operation of each identified switch;
A musical sound control apparatus comprising: 2. The musical tone control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first output line and the second output line are constituted by a two-core shielded cable or a three-core cable. Multiple switches,
Control means for outputting a control signal;
Resistance means for adding different resistances to the output signal of each switch and the control signal of the control means,
An output line for outputting the output signal of each switch and the control signal of the control means in one series;
Identification means for identifying a switch operation of each switch and an operation of the control means according to a voltage difference caused by the resistance means in an output signal of the output line;
A signal processing apparatus comprising: A head that is a hit body,
A rim disposed on the outer periphery of the head;
An impact sensor for detecting an impact on the head and outputting a vibration waveform signal;
A plurality of switches disposed on or in the vicinity of the rim;
Resistance means for adding a different resistance to the output signal of each switch;
A two-core shielded cable or a three-core cable having a first output line for outputting the output signal of each switch in one series and a second output line for outputting a vibration waveform signal of the impact sensor;
Identification means for identifying a switch operation of each switch according to a voltage difference caused by the resistance means in an output signal of the first output line;
Musical tone control means for controlling the musical tone of the percussion instrument based on the vibration waveform signal of the second output line and the identified switch operation;
An electronic percussion instrument characterized by comprising: A head that is a hit body,
A rim disposed on the outer periphery of the head;
An impact sensor for detecting an impact on the head and outputting a vibration waveform signal;
A plurality of switches disposed on or in the vicinity of the rim;
Control means for outputting a control signal;
Resistance means for adding different resistances to the output signal of each switch and the control signal of the control means,
2-core shielded cable or 3-core cable having a first output line for outputting the output signal of each switch and the control signal of the control means in one series and a second output line for outputting the vibration waveform signal of the impact sensor. When,
Identification means for identifying a switch operation of each switch and an operation of the control means according to a voltage difference caused by the resistance means in the output signal of the first output line;
A tone control means for controlling the tone of the percussion instrument based on the vibration waveform signal of the second output line and the identified switch operation, and for adjusting the tone assigned to the head based on the operation of the control means;
An electronic percussion instrument characterized by comprising:

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