JP3583505B2 - Novel quaternary ammonium salt and softener composition containing the same - Google Patents

Novel quaternary ammonium salt and softener composition containing the same Download PDF

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JP3583505B2
JP3583505B2 JP11154495A JP11154495A JP3583505B2 JP 3583505 B2 JP3583505 B2 JP 3583505B2 JP 11154495 A JP11154495 A JP 11154495A JP 11154495 A JP11154495 A JP 11154495A JP 3583505 B2 JP3583505 B2 JP 3583505B2
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quaternary ammonium
ammonium salt
group
carbon atoms
general formula
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JPH08301822A (en
Inventor
徹 加藤
修 立澤
明 坂口
孝四郎 外谷
淳一 猪腰
紀子 山口
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Kao Corp
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Kao Corp
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は新規な第4級アンモニウム塩及びそれを含有する柔軟剤組成物に関するものである。詳しくは、各種の繊維に対し優れた柔軟性を付与し、且つ優れた吸水性及び保存安定性を示し、また生分解性に優れ自然環境に対し優しい柔軟剤基剤として有用な新規な第4級アンモニウム塩、及びそれを含有する柔軟剤組成物に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来、布及び毛髪等の柔軟剤基剤として使用されている化合物は、2本の長鎖アルキル基を有する第4級アンモニウム塩であるが、このような第4級アンモニウム塩は生分解性が十分ではなく、生分解性のより優れた柔軟剤基剤の開発が望まれている。
また、現在、家庭用柔軟剤として市販されている商品はジ(硬化牛脂アルキル)ジメチルアンモニウムクロリド等の2本の長鎖アルキル基を有する第4級アンモニウム塩を主成分とするものが一般的である。しかしながら、このような第4級アンモニウム塩は柔軟効果は高いものの、より高い柔軟効果を得ようと高濃度で処理すると、特に木綿繊維の弾力性を低下させたり、本来繊維のもつ吸水性を疎外することがある。
更に上記第4級アンモニウム塩を用いた柔軟剤組成物は、長期保存を行うとその物理化学的性質により、容易に増粘したり、ゲル状になったり、あるいは分離したりすることがある。
これら従来の第4級アンモニウム塩の欠点を改良するために、本発明者らは一般式(a)
【0003】
【化3】

Figure 0003583505
【0004】
(式中、R21 、R22 及びR23 は同一もしくは異なって、炭素数1〜5のアルキル基又はヒドロキシアルキル基を示し、R24 は炭素数20〜44の直鎖又は分岐のアルキル基を示し、n は1〜6の数を示し、Xは陰イオンを示す。)
で表される第4級アンモニウム塩及びそれを含有する柔軟剤組成物を見出し、既に特許出願した(特願平6−175227号明細書参照)。しかしながら、このような柔軟剤も、特に吸水性の面で未だ充分とは言えない場合があった。
【0005】
従って、本発明の目的は、生分解性、柔軟性及び吸水性がより優れた、柔軟剤基剤として適した化合物、及びそれを含有する柔軟剤組成物を提供することである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決すべく鋭意検討した結果、特定の新規第4級アンモニウム塩が上記目的に最適であることを見出し、本発明を完成した。
すなわち、本発明は、一般式(I)で表される第4級アンモニウム塩、及びそれを含有する柔軟剤組成物を提供するものである。。
【0007】
【化4】
Figure 0003583505
【0008】
(式中、R1、R2及びR3は同一もしくは異なって、炭素数1〜4の直鎖又は分岐のアルキル基を示し、R4は炭素数1〜5の直鎖又は分岐のアルキレン基又はアルケニレン基を示し、R5は炭素数11〜21の直鎖又は分岐のアルキル基又はアルケニル基を示し、R6は炭素数10〜20の直鎖又は分岐のアルキル基又はアルケニル基を示し、 X-は陰イオンを示す。)
また、本発明は、一般式(I)で表される第4級アンモニウム塩、及び一般式(II)で表される第4級アンモニウム塩を含有することを特徴とする柔軟剤組成物を提供するものである。
【0009】
【化5】
Figure 0003583505
【0010】
(式中、R7、R8及びR9は同一もしくは異なって、炭素数1〜4の直鎖又は分岐のアルキル基又はヒドロキシアルキル基を示し、R10は炭素数1〜5の直鎖又は分岐のアルキレン基、アルケニレン基又はヒドロキシアルキレン基を示し、R11は炭素数12〜22の直鎖又は分岐のアルキル基又はアルケニル基を示し、R12は炭素数10〜20の直鎖又は分岐のアルキル基又はアルケニル基を示し、 X-は陰イオンを示す。)
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
一般式(I)で表される第4級アンモニウム塩において、R1、R2及びR3は同一もしくは異なって、炭素数1〜4の直鎖又は分岐のアルキル基を示すが、好ましくはメチル基、エチル基である。また、R4は炭素数1〜5の直鎖又は分岐のアルキレン基又はアルケニレン基を示すが、好ましくはメチレン基である。R5は炭素数11〜21の直鎖又は分岐のアルキル基又はアルケニル基を示すが、好ましくは炭素数13〜17の直鎖のアルキル基又はアルケニル基であり、特に好ましくは炭素数13〜17の直鎖アルキル基である。R6は炭素数10〜20の直鎖又は分岐のアルキル基又はアルケニル基を示すが、好ましくは炭素数12〜16の直鎖のアルキル基又はアルケニル基であり、特に好ましくは炭素数12〜16の直鎖アルキル基である。X-は陰イオンを示すが、好ましくは、ハロゲン陰イオン(Cl-, Br-等)、炭素数1〜5のアルキルサルフェート陰イオン(CH3SO4 -, C2H5SO4 -, C3H7SO4 -等)等であり、特に好ましくはCl-, CH3SO4 -, C2H5SO4 -である。
【0011】
本発明の一般式(I)で表される第4級アンモニウム塩の中で特に好ましいものは、R1、R2及びR3がメチル基又はエチル基、R4がメチレン基、R5が炭素数13〜17の直鎖アルキル基、R6が炭素数12〜16の直鎖アルキル基であり、 X-がCl-, CH3SO4 -又はC2H5SO4 -である第4級アンモニウム塩である。
一般式(I)で表される第4級アンモニウム塩としては、たとえば次のような化合物が挙げられる。
【0012】
【化6】
Figure 0003583505
【0013】
一般式(I)で表される第4級アンモニウム塩は次のようにして製造される。すなわち、まず常法に従い、炭素数12〜22のアルデヒドを塩基性触媒の存在下、アルドール縮合を行い、一般式(III) で表されるアルデヒドを得る。
【0014】
【化7】
Figure 0003583505
【0015】
(式中、R及びRは前記の意味を示す。)
ここで用いられる炭素数12〜22のアルデヒドとしてはドデカナール、テトラデカナール、ヘキサデカナール、オクタデカナール、エイコサナール、ドコサナール、9−オクタデセナールなどが挙げられる。
続いて、この一般式(III) で表されるアルデヒドを、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム、水素化リチウムアルミニウムなどの還元剤、あるいは金属触媒を用いて接触水素化し、一般式 (IV) で表されるアルコールを得る。
【0016】
【化8】
Figure 0003583505
【0017】
(式中、R及びRは前記の意味を示す。)
次にこの一般式 (IV) で表されるアルコールを、一般式(V)
【0018】
【化9】
Figure 0003583505
【0019】
(式中、Rは前記の意味を示し、Y はOH、−OR13(R13 は炭素数1〜3の低級アルキル基)又はClを示す。)
で表されるハロカルボン酸、その低級アルキルエステル、あるいはその酸塩化物を用いてエステル化して、一般式 (VI)
【0020】
【化10】
Figure 0003583505
【0021】
(式中、R、R及びRは前記の意味を示す。)
で表されるハロカルボン酸エステルを得る。
ここで用いられる一般式(V)で表されるハロカルボン酸、その低級アルキルエステル、あるいはその酸塩化物(以下ハロカルボン酸等(V)と略記)としては、モノクロロ酢酸、モノクロロ酪酸、モノクロロカプロン酸、その低級アルキルエステル、あるいはその酸塩化物が挙げられる。
ここでアルコール (IV) と、ハロカルボン酸等(V)との仕込み割合は、モル比にて〔ハロカルボン酸等(V)〕/〔アルコール (IV) 〕=0.8 〜1.5 が好ましく、反応温度は120 〜160 ℃が好ましく、また反応時間は2〜10時間が好ましい。
【0022】
次に、この一般式 (VI) で表されるハロカルボン酸エステルと、一般式(VII)
【0023】
【化11】
Figure 0003583505
【0024】
(式中、R1、R2及びR3は前記の意味を示す。)
で表される第3級アミンとを反応させ、必要により塩交換して、一般式(I)で表される第4級アンモニウム塩を得る。
ここで用いられる第3級アミン(VII) としては、トリメチルアミン、トリエチルアミンなどが挙げられる。
この反応は無溶媒もしくは必要であればイソプロパノール、エタノール、アセトンなどの溶媒を用いることができる。ハロカルボン酸エステル (VI) と第3級アミン(VII) との仕込み割合は、モル比にて〔第3級アミン(VII) 〕/〔ハロカルボン酸エステル (VI) 〕=0.8 〜2.5 が好ましく、反応温度は30〜80℃で、オートクレーブ中で行うのが好ましい。
【0025】
また、一般式 (VI) で表されるハロカルボン酸エステルを、一般式(VIII)
【0026】
【化12】
Figure 0003583505
【0027】
(式中、R及びRは前記の意味を示す。)
で表される第2級アミンと反応させて、一般式(IX)
【0028】
【化13】
Figure 0003583505
【0029】
(式中、R、R、R、R及びR前記の意味を示す。)
で表されるエステルアミンを得、このエステルアミン(IX)を、一般式(X)
−X (X)
(式中、R及び Xは前記の意味を示す。)
で表される4級化剤で4級化し、必要に応じて塩交換して、一般式(I)で表される第4級アンモニウム塩を得ることもできる。
【0030】
ここで用いられる第2級アミン(VIII)としては、ジメチルアミン、ジエチルアミン、ジプロピルアミン、ジ(イソプロピル)アミン、ジブチルアミン等が挙げられる。
ハロカルボン酸エステル (VI) と第2級アミン(VIII)との仕込み割合は、モル比にて〔第2級アミン(VIII)〕/〔ハロカルボン酸エステル (VI) 〕=0.8〜3.0が好ましく、反応温度は30〜80℃が好ましく、反応時間は3〜15時間が好ましい。
【0031】
また4級化剤(X)としては、アルキルハライド(メチルクロライド、メチルブロマイド等)、ジアルキル硫酸(ジメチル硫酸、ジエチル硫酸等)などが挙げられる。
エステルアミン(IX)と4級化剤(X)との反応は、イソプロパノール、エタノール、アセトン等の溶媒の存在下で行われる。この場合エステルアミン(IX)と4級化剤(X)との仕込み割合は、モル比にて〔エステルアミン(IX)〕/〔4級化剤(X)〕=0.8 〜1.5 が好ましく、反応温度は80〜120 ℃が好ましい。
得られた一般式(I)で表される第4級アンモニウム塩は赤外線吸収スペクトル、NMR スペクトルからその構造を確認することができる。
【0032】
本発明の一般式(I)で表される第4級アンモニウム塩は、単独で柔軟剤基剤として用いることができるが、前記一般式(II)で表される第4級アンモニウム塩を含有する柔軟剤に極少量配合するだけで吸水性を大幅に改善させることができる。
本発明の一般式(I)で表される第4級アンモニウム塩、及び一般式(II)で表される第4級アンモニウム塩を含有する柔軟剤組成物において、これらの配合割合は、第4級アンモニウム塩(I):第4級アンモニウム塩(II)(重量比)=0.01:99.99 〜50:50が好ましく、 0.1:99.9〜50:50が更に好ましい。
【0033】
一般式(I)で表される第4級アンモニウム塩と一般式(II)で表される第4級アンモニウム塩の混合物は次の方法によっても製造できる。
即ち、炭素数12〜22のアルコールを用い、塩基性触媒の存在下、常法に従いゲルベ反応を行うと、一般式 (IV) で表されるアルコールと一般式(IV’) で表されるアルコールの混合物を製造することができる。
【0034】
【化14】
Figure 0003583505
【0035】
(式中、R及びR前記の意味を示す。)
このアルコール混合物を用い、前述した方法で第4級アンモニウム塩に導けば、一般式(I)で表される第4級アンモニウム塩と一般式(II)で表される第4級アンモニウム塩の混合物を得ることができる。
【0036】
本発明の柔軟剤組成物中の一般式(I)又は(II)で表される第4級アンモニウム塩の含有量は、これらの第4級アンモニウム塩の合計配合量として、3〜40重量%が好ましく、5〜30重量%が更に好ましい。
これら第4級アンモニウム塩の合計配合量が3重量%未満の場合、本発明が所望する柔軟効果が得られず、40重量%を超える場合には、組成物の粘性が増大しハンドリング性が不良となる。
また、第4級アンモニウム塩(I)の配合量と第4級アンモニウム塩(II)の配合量の重量比(I)/(II)が0.01/99.99 未満になると吸水性を大幅に改善することができない。
【0037】
本発明の柔軟剤組成物中には、柔軟性能及び保存安定性をさらに向上させる目的で、直鎖又は分岐鎖の炭素数8〜44の飽和又は不飽和アルコールや、直鎖又は分岐鎖の炭素数8〜36の飽和又は不飽和脂肪酸を、粘度調整及び保存安定性(ゲル化防止等)の向上のため、炭素数1〜4の1価アルコールを配合することができる。また柔軟剤基剤として、上記以外の公知のカチオン化合物(第4級アンモニウム塩、イミダゾリニウム塩等)、エステル又はアミド等を配合することができる。また、増粘傾向抑制のため、活性水素を3個以上有する化合物にエチレンオキシドと必要によりプロピレンオキシドおよび/またはトリメチレンオキシドが付加してなり、重量平均分子量が5,000〜2,000,000であり、分子量中に占めるオキシエチレン基部分の割合が55重量%以上であるポリエーテル化合物又はその誘導体を配合することもできる。
更に、本発明の柔軟剤組成物には、組成物の粘度調整のため、NaCl、CaCl、MgCl等の無機電解質を配合することができる。また、組成物のpHを調整するために、酸性又はアルカリ性の物質を添加することができる。この場合、本発明組成物のpHが1.5 〜6.5 の範囲内となるように、酸性又はアルカリ性の物質を添加することが、組成物の粘度、保存安定性の点から望ましい。
【0038】
本発明の柔軟剤組成物は、長期間にわたって保存しても、その安定性は高いが、更に過酷な保存条件下での安定化のために、ポリオキシエチレン(5〜50モル)アルキル又はアルケニル(C12〜C24)エーテルや、ポリオキシエチレン(5〜50モル)アルキル又はアルケニル(C12〜C24)アミン等の非イオン性界面活性剤、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、尿素などのハイドロトロープ剤などを、本発明組成物に配合しても良い。
また、本発明組成物には、その外観向上のために顔料または染料を、すすぎ時の消泡のためにシリコーンを、使用時及び仕上がり後の趣向を良くするために香料を配合することもできる。
【0039】
本発明の柔軟剤組成物を調製する方法の一例を以下に述べるが、本発明組成物の調製方法は、この製法に限定されるものではない。
第4級アンモニウム塩(I)、又は第4級アンモニウム塩(I)と第4級アンモニウム塩(II)の混合物を溶融し、あるいはこれら第4級アンモニウム塩とその他の成分を溶融し、この溶融物を、攪拌下、60℃に保持されている脱イオン水の中に徐々に滴下し、エマルジョンを調製する。その後、必要に応じて、このようにして生成したエマルジョンの中へ、その他の成分を添加してもよい。更に、あらかじめ、脱イオン水の替わりに、非イオン性界面活性剤水溶液を用いてもよい。
【0040】
【発明の効果】
本発明の新規第4級アンモニウム塩は生分解性、柔軟性及び吸水性がより優れ、柔軟剤基剤として有用である。また本発明の柔軟剤組成物は、各種繊維に対して、充分な柔軟性、帯電防止性と、優れた弾力性を付与すると共に、保存安定性及び吸水性が極めて良好である。
【0041】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の新規第4級アンモニウム塩(I)の製造実施例、及び本発明の柔軟剤組成物の実施例を示し、本発明を更に詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0042】
実施例1
攪拌機、冷却管、温度計、滴下ロートを付けた4つ口フラスコにエタノール1000mlを入れ、水酸化カリウム 1.5gを溶かし還流させた。オクタデカナール 268gを2時間かけて滴下し、その後1時間還流した。溶媒を留去し、α,β−不飽和アルデヒドを得た。
次に攪拌機、冷却管、温度計、滴下ロートを付けた4つ口フラスコによく乾燥したエチルエーテル500ml を入れ、水素化リチウムアルミニウム12gを分散させ、0℃に冷却した。続いて上記で生成したα,β−不飽和アルデヒドを1000mlのエチルエーテルに溶解し、3時間かけて滴下した。滴下後1時間攪拌した後、酢酸エチル20gを加え反応を停止した。反応液に5%塩酸300ml を加え無機物を溶解し、油層と水層を分液した。水層をさらにエチルエーテルで3回抽出し、油層を合わせて飽和食塩水で1回洗浄した。硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥後、溶媒を留去した。シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーにかけ、ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=10:1で溶出される部分を集め、溶媒を減圧で留去して、2−ヘキサデシル−2−エイコセノールを 155g得た。
【0043】
次に攪拌機、温度計、脱水管を付けた4つ口フラスコに2−ヘキサデシル−2−エイコセノール 100g、モノクロロ酢酸24gを入れ、 150℃で反応水を留去させながら8時間反応させ、クロロエステル 110gを得た。
次に攪拌機、温度計を付けたオートクレーブにクロロエステル 100g、イソプロピルアルコール20gを入れ、トリメチルアミン13gを圧入し、60℃で5時間反応させた。得られた生成物をアセトンで再結晶して82gの第4級アンモニウム塩を得た。
この第4級アンモニウム塩が下記式(X)で表される構造であることは NMRスペクトル、IRスペクトルから確認した。
【0044】
【化15】
Figure 0003583505
【0045】
【化16】
Figure 0003583505
【0046】
・IRスペクトル(KBr 錠剤):
1750cm−1, 1210cm−1
実施例2
オクタデカナールの代わりに、オレイルアルコールから誘導したアルデヒドを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で下記式(XI)で表される構造の第4級アンモニウム塩を得た。
【0047】
【化17】
Figure 0003583505
【0048】
【化18】
Figure 0003583505
【0049】
・IRスペクトル(KBr 錠剤):
1750cm−1, 1210cm−1
実施例3
オクタデカナールの代わりに、硬化パームステアリン酸から誘導したアルデヒドを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で下記式(XII) で表される構造の第4級アンモニウム塩を得た。
【0050】
【化19】
Figure 0003583505
【0051】
【化20】
Figure 0003583505
【0052】
・IRスペクトル(KBr 錠剤):
1750cm−1, 1210cm−1
実施例4
攪拌機、冷却管、温度計、脱水管を付けた4つ口フラスコにオクタデカノール 270g、水酸化カリウム 2.7gを入れ、250 ℃で生成する水を留去させながら10時間反応させた。未反応のオクタデカノールを減圧で留去した後、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーにかけ、ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=10:1で溶出される部分を集め、溶媒を減圧で留去し、2−ヘキサデシルエイコサノールと2−ヘキサデシル−2−エイコセノールの93:7(重量比)の混合物を223 g得た。
次に攪拌機、温度計、脱水管を付けた4つ口フラスコに上記混合物 100g、モノクロロ酢酸24gを入れ、150 ℃で反応水を留去させながら8時間反応させ、クロロエステル112 gを得た。
次に攪拌機、温度計を付けたオートクレーブにクロロエステル 100g、イソプロピルアルコール20gを入れ、トリメチルアミン13gを圧入し、60℃で5時間反応させた。未反応のトリメチルアミン、溶媒を減圧で留去し、下記式(XIII)で表される第4級アンモニウム塩と式(XIV) で表される第4級アンモニウム塩との93:7(重量比)の混合物を110 g得た。
【0053】
【化21】
Figure 0003583505
【0054】
実施例5
オクタデカノールの代わりにオレイルアルコールを原料に用いた以外は、実施例4と同様の方法で2−(7−ヘキサデセニル)−11−エイコセノールと2−(7−ヘキサデセニル)−2,11−エイコサジエノールの95:5(重量比)の混合物を得た。さらに実施例4と同様にして、下記式(XV)で表される第4級アンモニウム塩と式(XVI) で表される第4級アンモニウム塩との95:5(重量比)の混合物を得た。
【0055】
【化22】
Figure 0003583505
【0056】
実施例6
オクタデカノールの代わりに硬化パームステアリン酸から誘導したアルコールを用いた以外は、実施例4と同様の方法で、下記式(XVII)で表される第4級アンモニウム塩と式(XVIII) で表される第4級アンモニウム塩との92:8(重量比)の混合物を得た。
【0057】
【化23】
Figure 0003583505
【0058】
実施例7〜18及び比較例1〜2
表1に示す第4級アンモニウム塩(I)(以下(a) 成分と略記)、表2に示す第4級アンモニウム塩(II)(以下(b) 成分と略記)、及び表3に示す第4級アンモニウム塩(I)と第4級アンモニウム塩(II)の混合物(以下(c) 成分と略記)を用いて表4に示す組成の液体柔軟剤組成物を調製した。
得られた柔軟剤組成物について、下記の方法により、それぞれの柔軟性、吸水性の評価を行い、結果を表5に示した。
なお、いずれの配合の場合もCaClを0.04重量%配合し、また配合物の水への分散性をさらに良くするためにポリオキシエチレン(21モル)ラウリルエーテルを1.0 重量%配合し、任意成分以外の残部を水とした。また組成物のpHは塩酸にてpH=4.0 とした。
【0059】
(1) 柔軟性の評価方法
(a) 処理方法
市販の木綿タオル2kg、アクリルジャージ1kgを 3.5°DH硬水にて市販洗剤“アタック”(花王株式会社製、登録商標)にて5回繰り返し洗濯(30リットル洗濯機)をし、繊維についていた繊維処理剤を除去した後、表4に示す柔軟剤組成物を第4級アンモニウム塩の合計量が4.5 gとなるように投入し、25℃
、1分間攪拌下で処理した。
(b) 評価方法
上記方法で処理した布を室内で風乾後、25℃、65%RHの恒温恒湿室にて24時間放置した。これらの布について、ジ硬化牛脂アルキルジメチルアンモニウムクロライド15重量%からなる柔軟剤20mlで処理した布を対照にして一対比較を
行い、以下の評価基準で評価した。
評価基準
+2:対照より柔らかい
+1:対照よりやや柔らかい
0:対照と同じ
−1:対照の方がやや柔らかい
−2:対照の方が柔らかい
(2) 吸水性の評価方法
上記柔軟性の評価方法と同様に処理を行った木綿タオルを、室内で風乾後、25℃、65%RHの恒温恒湿室にて24時間放置した。この木綿タオルを3cm×25cmの短冊状に切りとった。一方、上記恒温恒湿室に、25℃の水を用意し、タオル片を垂直に保持したまま下から2cmが水中に没するようにつけ、水を吸わせ、15分後の水の上昇高さを測定した。
【0060】
【表1】
Figure 0003583505
【0061】
【表2】
Figure 0003583505
【0062】
【表3】
Figure 0003583505
【0063】
【表4】
Figure 0003583505
【0064】
【表5】
Figure 0003583505
[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to a novel quaternary ammonium salt and a softener composition containing the same. Specifically, a novel fourth agent which imparts excellent flexibility to various fibers, exhibits excellent water absorption and storage stability, and is excellent in biodegradability and useful as a softener base which is friendly to the natural environment. The present invention relates to a quaternary ammonium salt and a softener composition containing the same.
[0002]
Problems to be solved by the prior art and the invention
Conventionally, compounds used as softener bases for fabrics and hairs are quaternary ammonium salts having two long-chain alkyl groups. Such quaternary ammonium salts have biodegradability. There is a need for a softener base that is not sufficient and has better biodegradability.
At present, commercially available products as household softeners are generally based on quaternary ammonium salts having two long-chain alkyl groups such as di (hardened tallow alkyl) dimethylammonium chloride. is there. However, although such a quaternary ammonium salt has a high softening effect, if it is treated at a high concentration in order to obtain a higher softening effect, the elasticity of the cotton fiber is reduced, and the water absorption inherent in the fiber is alienated. Sometimes.
Furthermore, the softener composition using the quaternary ammonium salt may easily thicken, gel, or separate due to its physicochemical properties after long-term storage.
In order to improve the disadvantages of these conventional quaternary ammonium salts, the present inventors have developed a compound represented by the general formula (a):
[0003]
Embedded image
Figure 0003583505
[0004]
(Wherein, R 21 , R 22 and R 23 are the same or different and represent an alkyl group or a hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and R 24 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 20 to 44 carbon atoms) And n represents a number of 1 to 6, and X represents an anion.)
A quaternary ammonium salt represented by the formula (I) and a softener composition containing the same have been found, and a patent application has already been filed (see Japanese Patent Application No. 6-175227). However, such softeners have not yet been able to be said to be sufficient particularly in terms of water absorption.
[0005]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a compound which is more excellent in biodegradability, flexibility and water absorbability and is suitable as a softener base, and a softener composition containing the same.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above problems, and as a result, have found that a specific novel quaternary ammonium salt is most suitable for the above purpose, and have completed the present invention.
That is, the present invention provides a quaternary ammonium salt represented by the general formula (I) and a softener composition containing the same. .
[0007]
Embedded image
Figure 0003583505
[0008]
(Wherein, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and each represent a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R 4 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms) Or represents an alkenylene group , R 5 represents a linear or branched alkyl group or alkenyl group having 11 to 21 carbon atoms, R 6 represents a linear or branched alkyl group or alkenyl group having 10 to 20 carbon atoms, X - represents an anion.)
Further, the present invention provides a softener composition comprising a quaternary ammonium salt represented by the general formula (I) and a quaternary ammonium salt represented by the general formula (II). Is what you do.
[0009]
Embedded image
Figure 0003583505
[0010]
(Wherein, R 7 , R 8 and R 9 are the same or different and each represent a linear or branched alkyl group or hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R 10 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or A branched alkylene group, an alkenylene group or a hydroxyalkylene group is shown, R 11 represents a straight-chain or branched alkyl group or alkenyl group having 12 to 22 carbon atoms, and R 12 represents a straight-chain or branched chain having 10 to 20 carbon atoms. an alkyl or alkenyl group, X - represents an anion).
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
In the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the general formula (I), R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and each represent a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. And an ethyl group . R 4 represents a linear or branched alkylene group or alkenylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably a methylene group. R 5 represents a linear or branched alkyl group or alkenyl group having 11 to 21 carbon atoms, preferably a linear alkyl group or alkenyl group having 13 to 17 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 13 to 17 carbon atoms. Is a straight-chain alkyl group. R 6 represents a linear or branched alkyl group or alkenyl group having 10 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably a linear alkyl group or alkenyl group having 12 to 16 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 12 to 16 carbon atoms. Is a straight-chain alkyl group. X -, but preferably represents an anion include a halogen anion (Cl -, Br -, etc.), alkyl sulfate anion having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms (CH 3 SO 4 -, C 2 H 5 SO 4 -, C and the like) and the like, particularly preferably Cl - - 3 H 7 SO 4 , CH 3 SO 4 -, C 2 H 5 SO 4 - a.
[0011]
Among the quaternary ammonium salts represented by the general formula (I) of the present invention, particularly preferred are those in which R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are a methyl group or an ethyl group , R 4 is a methylene group, and R 5 is a carbon atom. A quaternary alkyl group having 13 to 17 carbon atoms, R 6 is a linear alkyl group having 12 to 16 carbon atoms, and X is Cl , CH 3 SO 4 or C 2 H 5 SO 4 −. It is an ammonium salt.
Examples of the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the general formula (I) include the following compounds.
[0012]
Embedded image
Figure 0003583505
[0013]
The quaternary ammonium salt represented by the general formula (I) is produced as follows. That is, first, an aldehyde having 12 to 22 carbon atoms is subjected to aldol condensation in the presence of a basic catalyst according to a conventional method to obtain an aldehyde represented by the general formula (III).
[0014]
Embedded image
Figure 0003583505
[0015]
(Wherein, R 5 and R 6 have the same meanings as described above.)
The aldehyde having 12 to 22 carbon atoms used herein includes dodecanal, tetradecanal, hexadecanal, octadecanal, eicosanal, docosanal, 9-octadecenal, and the like.
Subsequently, the aldehyde represented by the general formula (III) is catalytically hydrogenated using a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride, lithium aluminum hydride, or a metal catalyst, and the alcohol represented by the general formula (IV) is obtained. Get.
[0016]
Embedded image
Figure 0003583505
[0017]
(Wherein, R 5 and R 6 have the same meanings as described above.)
Next, the alcohol represented by the general formula (IV) is converted into a compound represented by the general formula (V)
[0018]
Embedded image
Figure 0003583505
[0019]
(Wherein, R 4 represents the above-mentioned meaning, and Y represents OH, —OR 13 (R 13 is a lower alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms) or Cl.)
By esterification using a halocarboxylic acid represented by the formula:
[0020]
Embedded image
Figure 0003583505
[0021]
(In the formula, R 4 , R 5 and R 6 have the same meaning as described above.)
To obtain a halocarboxylic acid ester represented by the formula:
The halocarboxylic acid represented by the general formula (V), its lower alkyl ester, or its acid chloride (hereinafter abbreviated as halocarboxylic acid (V)) used herein includes monochloroacetic acid, monochlorobutyric acid, monochlorocaproic acid, The lower alkyl ester, or the acid chloride thereof may be mentioned.
Here, the charging ratio of the alcohol (IV) to the halocarboxylic acid or the like (V) is preferably in a molar ratio of [halocarboxylic acid or the like (V)] / [alcohol (IV)] = 0.8 to 1.5, The reaction temperature is preferably from 120 to 160 ° C, and the reaction time is preferably from 2 to 10 hours.
[0022]
Next, the halocarboxylic acid ester represented by the general formula (VI) and the general formula (VII)
[0023]
Embedded image
Figure 0003583505
[0024]
(In the formula, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 have the same meanings as described above.)
Is reacted with a tertiary amine represented by the formula (1), and if necessary, salt exchange is performed to obtain a quaternary ammonium salt represented by the general formula (I)
The tertiary amine (VII) used here includes trimethylamine, triethylamine and the like .
For this reaction, a solvent such as no solvent or, if necessary, a solvent such as isopropanol, ethanol, or acetone can be used. The charge ratio of the halocarboxylic acid ester (VI) to the tertiary amine (VII) is preferably [tertiary amine (VII)] / [halocarboxylic acid ester (VI)] = 0.8 to 2.5 in molar ratio. It is preferably carried out in an autoclave at a temperature of 30 to 80 ° C.
[0025]
Further, the halocarboxylic acid ester represented by the general formula (VI) is converted to the general formula (VIII)
[0026]
Embedded image
Figure 0003583505
[0027]
(Wherein, R 1 and R 2 have the same meanings as described above.)
By reacting with a secondary amine represented by the general formula (IX)
[0028]
Embedded image
Figure 0003583505
[0029]
(Wherein, R 1 , R 2 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 have the same meanings as described above.)
And the ester amine (IX) is represented by the general formula (X)
R 3 -X (X)
(Wherein, R 3 and X have the same meanings as described above.)
The quaternary ammonium salt represented by the general formula (I) can also be obtained by quaternizing with a quaternizing agent represented by the following formula, and performing salt exchange if necessary.
[0030]
Examples of the secondary amine (VIII) used herein include dimethylamine, diethylamine , dipropylamine , di (isopropyl) amine, dibutylamine and the like.
The charge ratio of the halocarboxylic acid ester (VI) and the secondary amine (VIII) is preferably [molar ratio [secondary amine (VIII)] / [halocarboxylic acid ester (VI)]] = 0.8 to 3.0. The temperature is preferably 30 to 80 ° C, and the reaction time is preferably 3 to 15 hours.
[0031]
Examples of the quaternizing agent (X) include alkyl halides (such as methyl chloride and methyl bromide) and dialkyl sulfates (such as dimethyl sulfate and diethyl sulfate).
The reaction between the esteramine (IX) and the quaternizing agent (X) is carried out in the presence of a solvent such as isopropanol, ethanol, acetone and the like. In this case, the molar ratio of the ester amine (IX) and the quaternizing agent (X) is [ester amine (IX)] / [quaternizing agent (X)] = 0.8 to 1.5. The reaction temperature is preferably 80 to 120 ° C.
The structure of the obtained quaternary ammonium salt represented by the general formula (I) can be confirmed from an infrared absorption spectrum and an NMR spectrum.
[0032]
Although the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the general formula (I) of the present invention can be used alone as a softener base, it contains the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the general formula (II). Water absorption can be greatly improved by adding a very small amount to the softener.
In the softener composition of the present invention containing the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the general formula (I) and the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the general formula (II), the blending ratio thereof is quaternary ammonium salt. Quaternary ammonium salt (I): quaternary ammonium salt (II) (weight ratio) = 0.01: 99.99 to 50:50 is preferable, and 0.1: 99.9 to 50:50 is more preferable.
[0033]
A mixture of the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the general formula (I) and the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the general formula (II) can also be produced by the following method.
That is, when an alcohol having 12 to 22 carbon atoms is used and the Guerbet reaction is carried out in the presence of a basic catalyst according to a conventional method, an alcohol represented by the general formula (IV) and an alcohol represented by the general formula (IV ′) are obtained. Can be produced.
[0034]
Embedded image
Figure 0003583505
[0035]
(Wherein, R 5 and R 6 have the same meanings as described above.)
When this alcohol mixture is introduced into a quaternary ammonium salt by the method described above, a mixture of the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the general formula (I) and the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the general formula (II) Can be obtained.
[0036]
The content of the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the general formula (I) or (II) in the softener composition of the present invention is 3 to 40% by weight as the total blending amount of these quaternary ammonium salts. Is preferable, and 5 to 30% by weight is more preferable.
If the total amount of these quaternary ammonium salts is less than 3% by weight, the desired softening effect of the present invention cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds 40% by weight, the viscosity of the composition increases and the handling properties are poor. It becomes.
When the weight ratio (I) / (II) of the quaternary ammonium salt (I) to the quaternary ammonium salt (II) is less than 0.01 / 99.99, the water absorption is greatly increased. Can not be improved.
[0037]
In the softener composition of the present invention, for the purpose of further improving softness performance and storage stability, a straight-chain or branched-chain saturated or unsaturated alcohol having 8 to 44 carbon atoms, a straight-chain or branched-chain carbon A saturated or unsaturated fatty acid of Formulas 8 to 36 may be blended with a monohydric alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms for adjusting viscosity and improving storage stability (eg, prevention of gelation). As the softener base, known cationic compounds other than those described above (quaternary ammonium salts, imidazolinium salts, etc.), esters, amides and the like can be blended. Further, in order to suppress the tendency to increase the viscosity, a compound having three or more active hydrogens is added with ethylene oxide and, if necessary, propylene oxide and / or trimethylene oxide to obtain a compound having a weight average molecular weight of 5,000 to 2,000,000. Yes, a polyether compound or a derivative thereof in which the proportion of the oxyethylene group portion in the molecular weight is 55% by weight or more can also be blended.
Further, the softener composition of the present invention may be blended with an inorganic electrolyte such as NaCl, CaCl 2 , MgCl 2 for adjusting the viscosity of the composition. Further, an acidic or alkaline substance can be added to adjust the pH of the composition. In this case, it is desirable to add an acidic or alkaline substance so that the pH of the composition of the present invention falls within the range of 1.5 to 6.5 from the viewpoint of the viscosity and storage stability of the composition.
[0038]
The softener composition of the present invention has high stability even when stored for a long period of time. However, for stabilization under severe storage conditions, polyoxyethylene (5 to 50 mol) alkyl or alkenyl is used. (C 12 -C 24) and ethers, polyoxyethylene (5-50 moles) alkyl or alkenyl (C 12 -C 24) nonionic surfactants such as an amine, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, hydrotropes such as urea Agents and the like may be added to the composition of the present invention.
In addition, the composition of the present invention may contain a pigment or dye for improving its appearance, silicone for defoaming at the time of rinsing, and a fragrance for improving taste during use and after finishing. .
[0039]
An example of a method for preparing the softener composition of the present invention is described below, but the method for preparing the composition of the present invention is not limited to this manufacturing method.
The quaternary ammonium salt (I) or a mixture of the quaternary ammonium salt (I) and the quaternary ammonium salt (II) is melted, or the quaternary ammonium salt and other components are melted, The substance is gradually dropped into deionized water maintained at 60 ° C. with stirring to prepare an emulsion. Thereafter, if necessary, other components may be added to the emulsion thus formed. Further, instead of the deionized water, a nonionic surfactant aqueous solution may be used in advance.
[0040]
【The invention's effect】
The novel quaternary ammonium salt of the present invention is more excellent in biodegradability, flexibility and water absorption, and is useful as a softener base. Further, the softener composition of the present invention imparts sufficient flexibility, antistatic property and excellent elasticity to various fibers, and has extremely good storage stability and water absorption.
[0041]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Production Examples of the novel quaternary ammonium salt (I) of the present invention and Examples of the softener composition of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to this.
[0042]
Example 1
1000 ml of ethanol was put into a four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a condenser, a thermometer and a dropping funnel, and 1.5 g of potassium hydroxide was dissolved and refluxed. 268 g of octadecanal was added dropwise over 2 hours, and then refluxed for 1 hour. The solvent was distilled off to obtain an α, β-unsaturated aldehyde.
Next, 500 ml of well-dried ethyl ether was placed in a four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a condenser, a thermometer, and a dropping funnel, 12 g of lithium aluminum hydride was dispersed, and the mixture was cooled to 0 ° C. Subsequently, the α, β-unsaturated aldehyde generated above was dissolved in 1000 ml of ethyl ether and added dropwise over 3 hours. After stirring for 1 hour after the dropwise addition, 20 g of ethyl acetate was added to stop the reaction. 300 ml of 5% hydrochloric acid was added to the reaction solution to dissolve the inorganic substances, and the oil layer and the aqueous layer were separated. The aqueous layer was further extracted three times with ethyl ether, and the combined oil layers were washed once with a saturated saline solution. After drying over magnesium sulfate, the solvent was distilled off. The fraction eluted with hexane: ethyl acetate = 10: 1 was collected by silica gel column chromatography, and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain 155 g of 2-hexadecyl-2-eicosenol.
[0043]
Next, 100 g of 2-hexadecyl-2-eicosenol and 24 g of monochloroacetic acid were placed in a four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, and a dehydrating tube, and reacted at 150 ° C. for 8 hours while distilling off the reaction water, and then 110 g of chloroester was obtained. Got.
Next, 100 g of chloroester and 20 g of isopropyl alcohol were put into an autoclave equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and 13 g of trimethylamine was injected under pressure and reacted at 60 ° C. for 5 hours. The obtained product was recrystallized from acetone to obtain 82 g of a quaternary ammonium salt.
It was confirmed from the NMR spectrum and the IR spectrum that the quaternary ammonium salt had a structure represented by the following formula (X).
[0044]
Embedded image
Figure 0003583505
[0045]
Embedded image
Figure 0003583505
[0046]
-IR spectrum (KBr tablet):
1750 cm -1 , 1210 cm -1
Example 2
A quaternary ammonium salt having a structure represented by the following formula (XI) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that aldehyde derived from oleyl alcohol was used instead of octadecanal.
[0047]
Embedded image
Figure 0003583505
[0048]
Embedded image
Figure 0003583505
[0049]
-IR spectrum (KBr tablet):
1750 cm -1 , 1210 cm -1
Example 3
A quaternary ammonium salt having a structure represented by the following formula (XII) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an aldehyde derived from hardened palm stearic acid was used instead of octadecanal.
[0050]
Embedded image
Figure 0003583505
[0051]
Embedded image
Figure 0003583505
[0052]
-IR spectrum (KBr tablet):
1750 cm -1 , 1210 cm -1
Example 4
270 g of octadecanol and 2.7 g of potassium hydroxide were placed in a four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a cooling tube, a thermometer, and a dehydration tube, and reacted at 250 ° C. for 10 hours while distilling off generated water. After unreacted octadecanol was distilled off under reduced pressure, the residue was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to collect a portion eluted with hexane: ethyl acetate = 10: 1, and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to give 2-hexadecyl eicosa. 223 g of a 93: 7 (weight ratio) mixture of ethanol and 2-hexadecyl-2-eicosenol was obtained.
Next, 100 g of the above mixture and 24 g of monochloroacetic acid were placed in a four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, and a dehydrating tube, and reacted at 150 ° C. for 8 hours while distilling off the reaction water to obtain 112 g of a chloroester.
Next, 100 g of chloroester and 20 g of isopropyl alcohol were put into an autoclave equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and 13 g of trimethylamine was injected under pressure and reacted at 60 ° C. for 5 hours. Unreacted trimethylamine and the solvent are distilled off under reduced pressure, and the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the following formula (XIII) and the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the formula (XIV) are 93: 7 (weight ratio). 110 g of a mixture were obtained.
[0053]
Embedded image
Figure 0003583505
[0054]
Example 5
2- (7-hexadecenyl) -11-eicosenol and 2- (7-hexadecenyl) -2,11-eicosadi were prepared in the same manner as in Example 4 except that oleyl alcohol was used as a raw material instead of octadecanol. A 95: 5 (weight ratio) mixture of enols was obtained. Further, in the same manner as in Example 4, a mixture of a quaternary ammonium salt represented by the following formula (XV) and a quaternary ammonium salt represented by the formula (XVI) at a ratio of 95: 5 (weight ratio) was obtained. Was.
[0055]
Embedded image
Figure 0003583505
[0056]
Example 6
A quaternary ammonium salt represented by the following formula (XVII) and a quaternary ammonium salt represented by the formula (XVIII) were prepared in the same manner as in Example 4 except that alcohol derived from hardened palm stearic acid was used instead of octadecanol. 92: 8 (weight ratio) with the quaternary ammonium salt to be obtained.
[0057]
Embedded image
Figure 0003583505
[0058]
Examples 7 to 18 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2
The quaternary ammonium salts (I) (hereinafter abbreviated as component (a)) shown in Table 1, the quaternary ammonium salts (II) (hereinafter abbreviated as component (b)) shown in Table 2, and the quaternary ammonium salts shown in Table 3 A liquid softener composition having the composition shown in Table 4 was prepared using a mixture of quaternary ammonium salt (I) and quaternary ammonium salt (II) (hereinafter abbreviated as component (c)).
The resulting softener compositions were evaluated for flexibility and water absorption by the following methods, and the results are shown in Table 5.
In each case, 0.04% by weight of CaCl 2 was added, and 1.0% by weight of polyoxyethylene (21 mol) lauryl ether was added to further improve the dispersibility of the mixture in water. Then, the remainder other than the optional components was water. The pH of the composition was adjusted to pH = 4.0 with hydrochloric acid.
[0059]
(1) Evaluation method of flexibility (a) Treatment method 2 kg of a commercially available cotton towel and 1 kg of an acrylic jersey were repeated five times with a commercial detergent "Attack" (manufactured by Kao Corporation, registered trademark) in 3.5 ° DH hard water. After washing (30 liter washing machine) and removing the fiber treatment agent attached to the fiber, the softener composition shown in Table 4 was added so that the total amount of the quaternary ammonium salt was 4.5 g, 25 ° C
Treated with stirring for 1 minute.
(B) Evaluation method The cloth treated by the above method was air-dried in a room, and then left for 24 hours in a thermo-hygrostat at 25 ° C. and 65% RH. A pair of these cloths was compared with a cloth treated with 20 ml of a softening agent containing 15% by weight of di-hardened tallow alkyldimethylammonium chloride, and evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria.
Evaluation criteria +2: Softer than control +1: Slightly softer than control 0: Same as control -1: Slightly softer than control -2: Softer than control (2) Evaluation method for water absorption The cotton towel treated in the same manner was air-dried indoors, and then left in a constant temperature and humidity room at 25 ° C. and 65% RH for 24 hours. The cotton towel was cut into a strip of 3 cm × 25 cm. On the other hand, water of 25 ° C. was prepared in the constant temperature and humidity chamber, and 2 cm from the bottom was immersed in the water while holding the towel pieces vertically, and the water was absorbed. Was measured.
[0060]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003583505
[0061]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003583505
[0062]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003583505
[0063]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003583505
[0064]
[Table 5]
Figure 0003583505

Claims (3)

一般式(I)で表される第4級アンモニウム塩。
Figure 0003583505
(式中、R1、R2及びR3は同一もしくは異なって、炭素数1〜4の直鎖又は分岐のアルキル基を示し、R4は炭素数1〜5の直鎖又は分岐のアルキレン基又はアルケニレン基を示し、R5は炭素数11〜21の直鎖又は分岐のアルキル基又はアルケニル基を示し、R6は炭素数10〜20の直鎖又は分岐のアルキル基又はアルケニル基を示し、 X-は陰イオンを示す。)
A quaternary ammonium salt represented by the general formula (I).
Figure 0003583505
(Wherein, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and each represent a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R 4 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms) Or represents an alkenylene group , R 5 represents a linear or branched alkyl group or alkenyl group having 11 to 21 carbon atoms, R 6 represents a linear or branched alkyl group or alkenyl group having 10 to 20 carbon atoms, X - represents an anion.)
RR 1One , RR 2Two 及びas well as RR 3Three がメチル基又はエチル基、Is a methyl group or an ethyl group, RR 4Four がメチレン基である請求項1記載の第4級アンモニウム塩。The quaternary ammonium salt according to claim 1, wherein is a methylene group. R1、R2及びR3がメチル基又はエチル基、R4がメチレン基、R5が炭素数13〜17の直鎖アルキル基、R6が炭素数12〜16の直鎖アルキル基であり、 X-がCl-, CH3SO4 -又はC2H5SO4 -である請求項1記載の第4級アンモニウム塩。R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are a methyl group or an ethyl group , R 4 is a methylene group, R 5 is a linear alkyl group having 13 to 17 carbon atoms, and R 6 is a linear alkyl group having 12 to 16 carbon atoms. , X - is Cl -, CH 3 SO 4 - or C 2 H 5 SO 4 - quaternary ammonium salt according to claim 1, wherein a.
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