JP3472807B2 - Radio identification device - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention captures radio waves transmitted by an illegal radio station to generate a model (model) of a radio device as a transmission source.
And a radio identification device for identifying an individual.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Illegal radio stations cause interference and obstruction to important radio communications and general business radio, and illegally increase the output to obstruct televisions and radios along the road. In recent years, illegal wireless stations have been urgently required to cope with the increase and eradication. As a method for cracking down on illegal radio stations, the conventional direction finder (DEU) is used.
There was crackdown on RAS) and on the street.

[0003]

As described above, when identifying an illegal radio station, it is a general method to find the emission source of the illegal radio wave by the direction finder. What is obtained by this direction finder is the place where radio waves are emitted, not the radio itself. For example, when there were a plurality of radios in the same frequency band, it was not possible to specify which radio emitted the radio wave.

Therefore, there is a demand for a method of identifying the radio device that is the source of the received radio waves. For example, if a database of radio waves emitted from each radio device is created, fingerprints can be obtained when illegal radio waves are received. Radios can be identified to match.

The present invention has been proposed in view of the above,
It is an object of the present invention to provide a wireless device identification device that can identify from which wireless device of an illegal wireless station the call is originated.

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, the invention as set forth in claim 1 is a radio equipment identifying apparatus for identifying a radio equipment as a transmission source by using a received radio wave,
Rising waveform capturing means for capturing the rising waveform until the radio wave reaches the saturation voltage, and time from the rising waveform.
Calculate the time-frequency spectrum pattern
The feature quantity is calculated from several spectral patterns, and then it starts up again.
A means for calculating the amount of time-domain time lag from a waveform
And the features previously obtained for each manufacturer and model of the above radio.
Characteristics and time domain time lag,
As reference two-dimensional information in the state associated with the region time lag
Standard two-dimensional information storage means to store and the radio wave received this time
Amount and time domain time obtained from the rising waveform of
Received this time by comparing lag and reference two-dimensional information
To identify the individual radio device that is the source of the generated radio wave
And a rising waveform having a first rising waveform.
Time-frequency spectrum pattern from the time when the threshold voltage is reached
Time until the frequency of maximum
Or when the rising waveform reaches the first threshold voltage
Frequency from point to time-frequency spectrum pattern
It is characterized in that it is a time lag until the time when the jump occurs .

[0007]

[0008]

[0009]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a wireless device identification apparatus of the present invention. Reference numeral 1 is a radio that transmits illegal radio waves. The antenna 2 receives the illegal radio wave from the wireless device 1 and captures its rising state. The antenna 2 can be rotated in any direction by the driving unit 3. In addition, the direction finder 4 includes the drive unit 3
The antenna 2 has a function of automatically tracking the antenna 2 in the direction of the illegal radio wave by controlling the. The receiving unit 5 is the antenna 2
Receives illegal radio waves captured in. The radio wave analysis unit 7 analyzes the radio wave received by the reception unit 5 to determine whether the radio wave is similar to an illegal radio wave. The setting unit 8 is a keyboard and a mouse that can be set by an operator from the outside. The display unit 6 is used to display the spectrum and waveform of the captured illegal radio wave, and to display the model and individual number of the radio device generating the illegal radio wave, which will be described later.

Although the radio wave propagating in the air is received by the receiving unit 5, the radio wave propagating in the air is not captured for the test of the radio itself, but directly from the transmission terminal of the radio. It may be configured to acquire the reception signal by wire.

The receiving unit 5 receives an FM wave (for example, 30 to 300).
The received signal S1 as 0 MHz) is output and input to the down converter 10. The received signal S1 is sampled by the down converter 10 at, for example, 20.48 MHz and converted into an IF signal, which is then applied to the A / D converter 11 and output as a digital IF signal S2.

The digital IF signal S2 is input to the digital quadrature detection section 15, and is converted into a pre-processed I signal S3 and a pre-processed Q signal S4 in the preceding stage section. I signal S before processing
3 and the unprocessed Q signal S4 are thinned out by the thinning unit 16,
It is once buffered in the memory 17. That is, the digital IF signal S2 is detected by the digital quadrature detection unit 15, and finally the I signal S5 as a rising waveform and the Q signal S6 as phase information are output from the memory 17.

FIG. 2 shows the I signal S5, ie, the amplitude voltage, output from the memory 17, and FIG. 3 shows the Q signal S6, ie, the phase information.

Here, various radios of the amateur radio handy type were used as the radio 1, and the amplitude waveform (I signal S5) at the time of its rise was acquired.

In this embodiment, four units are tested for each model as follows.

Company A, 430 MHz band FM5w model α
(Referred to as A-α)

Company A, 144 MHz band FM5w model β
(Referred to as A-β)

Company B, 430 MHz band FM5w model α
(Referred to as B-α)

Company B, 144 MHz band FM5w model β
(Referred to as B-β)

Company C, 430 MHz band FM5w model α
(Referred to as C-α)

Company C, 144 MHz band FM5w model β
(Referred to as C-β)

FIG. 4 is an amplitude waveform at the time of rising for one sample of A-α, FIG. 5 is an amplitude waveform at the time of rising for one sample of A-β, and FIG. 6 is an amplitude waveform at the time of rising for one sample of B-α. , FIG. 7 is an amplitude waveform at the time of rising for one sample of B-β. As shown in these figures, the amplitude waveform (I signal S5) has various shapes,
Differences between manufacturers and models are appearing.

The inter-threshold time lag analysis unit 20 detects the I signal S
The rising time of 5 is captured, the rising time is measured, and the time lag graph between thresholds is obtained.

FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a method of acquiring a time lag graph between thresholds from an amplitude waveform. As shown in the figure, in order to obtain the time lag graph between thresholds, first, the rising waveform is divided into a predetermined first threshold voltage V1 and a predetermined second threshold voltage V2 larger than the first threshold voltage V1, and the threshold is divided. Each time lag (time difference) Δt24, Δt23 from the second threshold voltage V2 to each division voltage V4, V3 and the first threshold voltage V1 is divided into a plurality of sections (here, three sections). , Δt21
Then, the voltages V1 to V4 are plotted on the horizontal axis and the time lag is plotted on the vertical axis. In this way, an inter-threshold time lag graph is created. That is, the time lag graph between thresholds is extracted from the rising waveform. This time lag graph between thresholds can more clearly show the difference in the characteristics of each rising waveform.

In the above description, the second threshold voltage V
Although the time lag was calculated based on 2, the time lag from the first threshold voltage V1 to each of the dividing voltages V3 and V4 and the second threshold voltage V2 is calculated and plotted based on the first threshold voltage V1. You may do it.

By the way, if the saturation voltage Vs of the rising waveform in various wireless devices is constant, it is not necessary to change the first threshold voltage V1 and the second threshold voltage V2, but FIGS.
Since the saturation voltage Vs changes as shown in, the first threshold voltage V1 and the second threshold voltage V2 are set as a ratio (ratio) to the saturation voltage Vs and standardized. Here, the first threshold voltage V1 is preferably 5 to 20% of the saturation voltage Vs. When the first threshold voltage V1 becomes 5% or less, the rising waveform is cut off by the 0-level noise of the rising waveform. Further, when it exceeds 20%, the interval of Δt becomes narrow,
The amount of information as a rising waveform is reduced.

The second threshold voltage V2 is the saturation voltage Vs.
Is preferably 80% to 95%. If it is 80% or less, the interval of Δt becomes narrow, and the amount of information as a rising waveform decreases. When it exceeds 95%, the saturation voltage V
The rising waveform cannot be accurately cut out by linking the rising saturation point of s.

In this embodiment, the first threshold voltage V1 is set to 10% of the saturation voltage Vs and the second threshold voltage V2 is set to 90% of the saturation voltage Vs. The time lag was calculated based on V2.

FIG. 9 is a time lag graph between thresholds when one of A-α (A-α1) is measured 10 times. The average value of 10 times of measurement is plotted and the maximum and minimum values of data are plotted. Is represented by an error bar, but there was almost no variation in the data after 10 measurements, and it was confirmed that the data had reproducibility.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a time lag graph between thresholds of the model α of company A, and FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a time lag graph between thresholds of the model α of company B. For each model, four units were measured, and the average value of 10 measurements was plotted for all four units. It can be seen that each model shows a relatively close value.

FIG. 12 is a time lag graph between threshold values created for a plurality of model radios for companies A, B and C, respectively. 4 for the same model
For the table, for example, the graph of A-α is 4 of α1 to α4.
Each table shows the average value of 10 measurements. 12
As can be seen from the graph of two models for each company, the rise time (threshold time lag characteristic) for each company is close. The inter-threshold time lag characteristics are obviously significantly different between the two models of company C and the models of company A and company B, and also clearly different between company A and company B. By using this difference,
It is understood that the manufacturer can be identified. Also A-α of Company A
There is a clear difference in threshold time lag characteristics between B-α and B-β of Company B and between B-α and B-β of company B. By using this difference, the model can be identified even by the same manufacturer. I understand.

Returning to FIG. 1, the time lag analysis unit 2 between thresholds.
0 creates the above-mentioned time lag graph between thresholds for each maker of the wireless device 1 and for each model, and as shown in FIG.
To set. The time lag graph between thresholds and the allowable range are stored and stored in the wireless device identification data unit 22. Further, the inter-threshold time lag analysis unit 20 sets the inter-threshold time lag at a predetermined voltage ratio in the inter-threshold time lag graph as the time domain time lag. For example, in this embodiment, the first threshold voltage V1 (voltage ratio 10
%) Between the thresholds is set as the time domain time lag. This time domain time lag is also set for each model and is stored and stored in the wireless device identification data unit 22.

Then, the receiving section 5 receives the radio wave from the wireless device 1, and the I signal S5 thereof receives the inter-threshold time lag analyzing section 20.
When input to, the inter-threshold time lag analysis unit 20 obtains the inter-threshold time lag (or the time domain time lag) from the rising waveform, and the inter-threshold time lag with the allowable range stored in the wireless device identification data unit 22. The various threshold time lag graphs (or time domain time lags) are compared with each other, and the radio threshold 1 of the radio wave that arrived this time (or time domain time lag) is compared and examined. Identifies the model corresponding to the graph and outputs the model information I1 of the identified model to the display unit 6. The display unit 6 displays the model information I1.

The rising waveform capturing means according to claim 1 is composed of the receiving section 5, the down converter 10, the A / D converter 11, and the digital quadrature detecting section 15, and the time lag graph extracting means is the threshold time lag. Analysis unit 20
The reference information storage means is a radio identification data section 2
2, and the identification means is composed of an inter-threshold time lag analysis unit 20 and a radio device identification data unit 22.

As described above, in the embodiment of the present invention, the inter-threshold time lag analysis unit 20 obtains the inter-threshold time lag graph from the rise time of the amplitude waveform in the wireless device 1 transmitting the illegal radio wave, and the wireless device identification data is obtained. Since the comparison is made with the inter-threshold time lag graph stored in advance in the unit 22, it is possible to identify the manufacturer-specific model of the wireless device that is transmitting the illegal radio wave.

The inter-threshold time lag (or time domain time lag) of the radio wave that has arrived this time is one of various inter-threshold time lag graphs (or time domain time lags) with an allowable range stored in the radio identification data section 22. If the above does not apply, the time lag analysis unit between thresholds 20
Displays that fact on the display unit 6. The operator who sees the display operates the setting unit 8 to input predetermined items and numerical values and outputs them to the wireless device identification data unit 22. The inter-threshold time lag analysis unit 20 reads the data, adds it to the inter-threshold time lag (or time domain time lag) of the radio wave that has arrived this time, and newly registers it in the wireless device identification data unit 22. Therefore, by using the registered data from the next time, the identification process can be performed even if the radio wave of the same radio device 1 is captured.

On the other hand, the time-frequency spectrum analysis unit 24
In FIG. 1, based on the input I signal S5 and Q signal S6, the time-frequency spectrum pattern is obtained by performing FFT processing (fast Fourier transform processing) with a resolution of 256 at the time of its rise.

FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 are diagrams showing rising waveforms output from the digital quadrature detection section, comparing the time-amplitude (upper part) and the time-frequency spectrum (lower part). From these figures, the behavior of the time-frequency spectrum is independent.
It is estimated that the information in the frequency spectrum is useful for identification in the radio 1.

16 and 17 show A-α and A, respectively.
3 is a time-frequency spectrum pattern for -β. 18 and 19 are time-frequency spectrum patterns for B-α and B-β, respectively. Figure 20
21 and FIG. 21 are time-frequency spectrum patterns for C-α and C-β, respectively. In this embodiment, the feature amount is extracted from these time-frequency spectrum patterns, and the feature amount is used to identify not only the model of the wireless device 1 but also the individual.

The method of extracting the feature amount will be described with reference to FIGS. 22 and 23.

FIG. 22 is a time-frequency spectrum diagram for explaining the first method for extracting the feature quantity. In the first method, the time lag (spectral time lag) Δta from the time point of the first threshold voltage V1, here the voltage ratio of 10% to the time point Vp1 at which the frequency is most deviated, is extracted as the feature amount.

FIG. 23 is a time-frequency spectrum diagram for explaining the second method for extracting the feature quantity. In the second method, the time lag (spectral time lag) Δtb from the time point of the first threshold voltage V1, here the voltage ratio of 10% to the time point Vp2 at which the frequency jump appears, is extracted as the feature amount.

When the time-frequency spectrum analysis unit 24 extracts the feature amount as described above, the feature amount (spectral time lag) is taken as the vertical axis, and the time-lag threshold time lag analysis unit 20 obtains the feature amount in advance. A diagram with the horizontal axis representing the time domain time lag stored in the unit 22 is created, and the information is newly stored and stored in the wireless device identification data unit 22.

FIG. 24 is a diagram showing the relationship between the time domain time lag and the spectrum time lag for each model and individual of a plurality of radios. Here, the average value, maximum value, and minimum value of 10 measurements are shown. From this figure, it can be seen that the time domain time lag (horizontal axis) and the spectral time lag (vertical axis) are independent of each other. Company A model α
It can be seen that the sample with a symbol and the wireless device group of the company B model α have almost no difference in the time domain time lag, but can be distinguished by adding the spectrum time lag. The model α and the model β of company A are confused, and FIG. 25 is an enlarged view of the confused region of company A. Individual radio devices can be separated without overlapping.

The receiving section 5 receives the radio wave from the wireless device 1,
When the I signal S5 and the Q signal S6 are input to the time-frequency spectrum analysis unit 24, the time-frequency spectrum analysis unit 24 obtains a spectrum time lag from the rising waveform, and the inter-threshold time lag analysis unit 20 rises the spectrum time lag. The time domain time lag of the waveform is obtained, and those data are compared with the model pre-stored in the radio identification data section 22 showing the relationship between the time domain time lag and the spectrum time lag of each model, and this time, The spectrum time lag and time domain time lag of the radio waves are compared and examined, and if there is a corresponding one, the wireless device 1 is identified as that of the corresponding model and individual, and the identified model and individual are identified. The information I2 of is output to the display unit 6. The display unit 6 displays the model information I
Display 2.

The rising waveform capturing means according to claim 4 is composed of the receiving section 5, the down converter 10, the A / D converter 11 and the digital quadrature detecting section 15, and the calculating means of the characteristic amount is time- The frequency spectrum analysis unit 24, the reference two-dimensional information storage unit includes the radio device identification data unit 22, and the identification unit includes the time-frequency spectrum analysis unit 24 and the radio device identification data unit 22. .

As described above, in the embodiment of the present invention, the time-frequency spectrum analysis unit 24 acquires the time-frequency spectrum time lag and the time domain time lag in the radio device transmitting the illegal radio wave, and the radio device identification data is obtained. Since it is compared with the data stored in advance in the section, it is possible to identify not only by the make and model of the radio device transmitting the illegal radio wave, but also by the individual within the same model. .

The spectrum time lag and time domain time lag of the radio wave that has arrived this time are calculated by the radio identification data section 2
When neither the spectrum time lag nor the time domain time lag stored in No. 2 is satisfied, the time-frequency spectrum analysis unit 24 displays the fact on the display unit 6.
The operator who sees the display operates from the setting unit 8,
As new data, the time-frequency spectrum analysis unit 24
The spectrum time lag and time domain time lag obtained as a result of the analysis are registered in the wireless device identification data unit 22 in advance. By using the registered data from the next time,
The identification process when the radio waves of the same wireless device 1 are captured becomes possible.

In the above description, the radio 1 is of the amateur radio handy type, but according to the radio identification method of the present invention, the transmission system of the radio is not particularly limited.

Although the received radio wave is an FM signal and the digital quadrature detection unit 15 is used to capture the rising signal in accordance with the FM radio signal, any received radio wave may be used, for example, an AM signal. For example, the rising signal may be captured in accordance with it.

In the above description, the first threshold voltage V
The first and second threshold voltages V2 are set in advance, and the time lag between the thresholds is obtained by dividing the threshold voltage. However, for example, the second threshold voltage V2 is fixed and the first threshold voltage V1 is sequentially increased. The time lag between the thresholds may be obtained while moving to a smaller value.

[0053]

Since the present invention has the above-mentioned structure,
The effects described below can be achieved.

[0054]

[0055] In the invention described in 請 Motomeko 1, pre radio transmission model and by individual different times in the radio wave of - frequency spectrum time lag, and a time domain lag is measured and stored in the database. Then, the time-frequency spectrum time lag and the time domain time lag in the radio device transmitting the illegal radio wave are acquired and compared with the database, so that the radio device transmitting the illegal radio wave is classified by manufacturer and model. Not only can individuals be identified within the same model.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a wireless device identification device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a graph of amplitude in a rising waveform output from a digital quadrature detection unit.

FIG. 3 is a graph of a phase of a rising waveform output from a digital quadrature detection unit.

FIG. 4 is an example of a graph showing the amplitude of the rising waveform output from the digital quadrature detection unit for each model.

FIG. 5 is an example of a graph showing the amplitude of the rising waveform output from the digital quadrature detection unit for each model.

FIG. 6 is an example of a graph showing the amplitude of the rising waveform output from the digital quadrature detection unit for each model.

FIG. 7 is an example of a graph showing the amplitude of the rising waveform output from the digital quadrature detection unit for each model.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a method of acquiring a time lag graph between thresholds from an amplitude waveform.

FIG. 9 is a graph showing a result of measuring a time lag between thresholds a plurality of times while fixing a model of a wireless device.

FIG. 10 is a graph showing the results of measuring the time lag between thresholds with a plurality of model wireless devices.

FIG. 11 is a graph showing the results of measuring the time lag between thresholds with a plurality of model wireless devices.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a time lag graph between thresholds of a plurality of models of wireless devices.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of a method of identifying a model from a threshold time lag graph.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a comparison between a time-amplitude and a time-frequency spectrum in a rising waveform output from a digital quadrature detection unit.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a comparison between a time-amplitude and a time-frequency spectrum in a rising waveform output from a digital quadrature detection unit.

FIG. 16 is an example of a graph showing a time-frequency spectrum in a model separate body with a rising waveform output from a digital quadrature detection unit.

FIG. 17 is an example of a graph showing a time-frequency spectrum in a model separate body with a rising waveform output from a digital quadrature detection unit.

FIG. 18 is an example of a graph showing a time-frequency spectrum in a model separate body with a rising waveform output from a digital quadrature detection unit.

FIG. 19 is an example of a graph showing a time-frequency spectrum in a model separate body with a rising waveform output from a digital quadrature detection unit.

FIG. 20 is an example of a graph showing a time-frequency spectrum in a model separate body with a rising waveform output from a digital quadrature detection unit.

FIG. 21 is an example of a graph showing a time-frequency spectrum in a model separate body with a rising waveform output from a digital quadrature detection unit.

FIG. 22 is a time-frequency spectrum diagram for explaining a first method of extracting a feature amount from a rising waveform output from a digital quadrature detection unit.

FIG. 23 is a time-frequency spectrum diagram for explaining a second method of extracting a feature amount from the rising waveform output from the digital quadrature detection unit.

FIG. 24 is a graph showing a relationship between a time-frequency spectrum time lag and a time domain time lag in a plurality of model separate bodies with a rising waveform output from a digital quadrature detection unit.

FIG. 25 is an enlarged view of a part of FIG. 24.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 radio 2 antenna 3 drive 4 direction detector 5 Receiver 6 Display 7 Radio wave analysis section 8 setting section 10 Down converter 11 A / D converter 15 Digital quadrature detector 16 thinning section 17 memory 20 Time lag analysis unit between thresholds 22 Radio identification data section 23 hours domain time lag 23-1 Model information 24 hours-frequency spectrum analysis unit 25 hours-frequency spectrum time lag 26 Individual information 27 allowable range S1 received signal S2 digital IF signal S3 I signal before processing S4 Q signal before processing S5 I signal S6 Q signal

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) Reference JP-A-8-233882 (JP, A) Masamitsu Kawakami, Kyoritsu Zensho 128 Electronic Circuit 4, Japan, Kyoritsu Publishing Co., Ltd., November 20, 1957, 2-3 (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) H04B 17/00 G01R 29/08

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A radio identification device for identifying a radio device of a transmission source using a received radio wave, a rising waveform capturing means for capturing a rising waveform until the radio wave reaches a saturation voltage, and Time-frequency spectrum pattern
From the time-frequency spectrum pattern
Amount, and the time domain time lag from the rising waveform
Means for calculating the feature amount, etc., and the feature amount previously obtained for each manufacturer and model of the above-mentioned wireless device
And the time domain time lag,
Stored as reference two-dimensional information in a state associated with Imlag
A reference two-dimensional information storage means for, feature amounts obtained from the currently received radio wave rising waveform Oyo
And time domain time lag and reference two-dimensional information
Therefore, the individual radio device that is the source of the radio waves received this time
Anda identification means for identifying, the feature amount is rising waveform reaches a first threshold voltage
Time to frequency in the time-frequency spectrum pattern
Time lag until the number swings to the maximum, or rise
Time-frequency from the time when the spike waveform reaches the first threshold voltage
Frequency jumps in several spectral patterns
A wireless device identification device , which is a time lag up to a time point . 2. Identification of a radio device based on the radio wave received this time
If you could not do, the characteristics obtained from the rising waveform
Quantity and time domain time lag
Based on the reference two-dimensional information in the state associated with the time lag
New registration means for newly registering in the quasi-two-dimensional information storage means
The a, radio identification device according to claim 1.