JP3349321B2 - Battery pack - Google Patents

Battery pack

Info

Publication number
JP3349321B2
JP3349321B2 JP34098295A JP34098295A JP3349321B2 JP 3349321 B2 JP3349321 B2 JP 3349321B2 JP 34098295 A JP34098295 A JP 34098295A JP 34098295 A JP34098295 A JP 34098295A JP 3349321 B2 JP3349321 B2 JP 3349321B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
secondary battery
battery
aqueous secondary
aqueous
group
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP34098295A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH09180768A (en
Inventor
光造 野上
俊之 能間
晃治 西尾
俊彦 斎藤
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sanyo Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Priority to JP34098295A priority Critical patent/JP3349321B2/en
Publication of JPH09180768A publication Critical patent/JPH09180768A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3349321B2 publication Critical patent/JP3349321B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、電気自動車、ポー
タブル電源などに使用される組電池に関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an assembled battery used for an electric vehicle, a portable power supply and the like.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】従来、電気自動車には鉛二次電池、ニッ
ケル−水素二次電池などの電池が搭載され、実用化が図
られている。一般的に、これら自動車の電池では、一種
類の電池がトランク、床下などのスペースに集合的に配
置搭載されている。
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, batteries such as a lead secondary battery and a nickel-hydrogen secondary battery are mounted on an electric vehicle, and the electric vehicle has been put to practical use. Generally, in these automobile batteries, one type of battery is collectively arranged and mounted in a space such as a trunk or a floor.

【0003】電池に着目してみると、近年、様々な電池
が実用化され、炭素材料−コバルト酸化物系のリチウム
二次電池、ニッケル−水素二次電池等が円筒型の民生用
電池として生産を増加させつつある。もう一つの流れと
して、これらの電池を大型化し、電気自動車に搭載しよ
うとする研究も進行中である。
Focusing on batteries, various batteries have recently been put to practical use, and carbon material-cobalt oxide based lithium secondary batteries, nickel-hydrogen secondary batteries, etc. have been produced as cylindrical consumer batteries. Is increasing. As another trend, research is underway to increase the size of these batteries and install them in electric vehicles.

【0004】これらの電池は、一般的に、熱的な性質、
例えば充電時の発熱量、高温時の充電挙動が異なる。そ
こで、これら非水系二次電池及び水溶液系二次電池を組
み合わせて使用する場合、これらの挙動を考慮して、組
電池を構成する必要がある。
[0004] These batteries generally have thermal properties,
For example, the calorific value during charging and the charging behavior at high temperatures are different. Therefore, when these non-aqueous secondary batteries and aqueous secondary batteries are used in combination, it is necessary to configure an assembled battery in consideration of their behavior.

【0005】[0005]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は係る問題点に
鑑みてなされたものであって、組電池の効率的な動作を
可能とし、満充電状態が検出しにくい水溶液系二次電池
の充電状態を、容易に検出することを課題とする。
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and has been made in consideration of the above-described problems. It is an object to easily detect a state.

【0006】また、組み合わせられた非水系二次電池と
水溶液系二次電池との効果的な充電動作を行わせること
を課題とする。
It is another object of the present invention to perform an effective charging operation of a combined non-aqueous secondary battery and aqueous secondary battery.

【0007】[0007]

【課題を解決する為の手段】本発明は、非水系二次電池
群と水溶液系二次電池群とを組み合わせた組電池であっ
て、前記非水系二次電池群を構成する非水系二次電池の
電池容量より、前記水溶液系二次電池群を構成している
水溶液系二次電池の電池容量が小さく、かつ、前記非水
系二次電池群と前記水溶液系二次電池群のそれぞれの電
圧を同じとした電池群同士を直列に接続したことを特徴
とする
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an assembled battery combining a non-aqueous secondary battery group and an aqueous secondary battery group, wherein the non-aqueous secondary battery group constituting the non-aqueous secondary battery group is provided. Battery
From the battery capacity, constitutes the aqueous secondary battery group
The battery capacity of the aqueous secondary battery is small and the non-aqueous
And the aqueous secondary battery group.
The feature is that the battery groups with the same pressure are connected in series.
And

【0008】ここで前記水溶液系二次電池としては、ニ
ッケル−カドミウム二次電池、ニッケル−水素二次電池
が使用できる。これらの水溶液系二次電池は、充電時の
状態変化が顕著に検出でき、本組電池に適したものであ
る。
Here, as the aqueous secondary battery, a nickel-cadmium secondary battery and a nickel-hydrogen secondary battery can be used. These aqueous secondary batteries are suitable for the present assembled battery because a change in state during charging can be remarkably detected.

【0009】[0009]

【0010】更に、この組電池の満充電検出が、前記水
溶液系二次電池の温度、温度変化率、電圧、電圧変化
率、圧力の中から選ばれた少なくとも一つにより検出さ
れるのが好ましい。
[0010] Further, it is preferable that the detection of the full charge of the assembled battery is detected by at least one selected from the temperature, the temperature change rate, the voltage, the voltage change rate, and the pressure of the aqueous secondary battery. .

【0011】[0011]

【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明を実施例に基づいて
更に詳細に説明するが、本発明は下記実施例に何ら限定
されるものではなく、その要旨を変更しない範囲におい
て、適宜変更して実施することができる。 (実施例) [非水系二次電池の説明]本発明で使用する非水系二次
電池としては、いわゆるリチウムイオン二次電池が使用
可能である。この電池は、次のようにして準備される。
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples, and may be appropriately changed within the scope of the invention. Can be implemented. (Example) [Description of Non-Aqueous Secondary Battery] As the non-aqueous secondary battery used in the present invention, a so-called lithium ion secondary battery can be used. This battery is prepared as follows.

【0012】このリチウムイオン二次電池は、負極とし
て活物質材料である炭素粉末を使用しており、正極には
リチウムを含んだコバルト酸化物(LiCoO2)を用いてい
る。この正、負極及びセパレータを用いて渦巻き型の電
極体を作製し、円筒型電池缶に挿入した。そして、ここ
に電解液を注液した。この電解液は、エチレンカーボネ
ート(EC)及びジエチルカーボネート(DEC)とからな
る体積比1:1の混合溶媒に、六フッ化燐酸リチウム(Li
PF6)を1M(モル/リットル)溶かしたものである。この
電解液は、セパレータであるポリプロピレン製の微多孔
膜(ヘキストセラニーズ社製、商品名「セルガード」)に
含浸させられている。
This lithium ion secondary battery uses a carbon powder, which is an active material, as a negative electrode, and uses cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ) containing lithium for a positive electrode. A spiral electrode body was prepared using the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the separator, and inserted into a cylindrical battery can. Then, an electrolytic solution was injected here. This electrolytic solution was mixed with lithium hexafluorophosphate (Li) in a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) at a volume ratio of 1: 1.
PF 6 ) dissolved in 1M (mol / liter). This electrolytic solution is impregnated in a polypropylene microporous membrane (trade name “Celgard”, manufactured by Hoechst Celanese Corporation) as a separator.

【0013】そして、この電極体が挿入され、電解液が
注入された電池缶を、正極端子を兼ねる封口体にて密閉
した。尚、この封口体と電池缶とは、絶縁性を保つため
に樹脂性のパッキングで絶縁、封止されている。
Then, the battery can into which the electrode body was inserted and into which the electrolyte was injected was sealed with a sealing body also serving as a positive electrode terminal. In addition, the sealing body and the battery can are insulated and sealed with a resinous packing in order to maintain insulation.

【0014】この非水系二次電池の充電深度と、電池電
圧の関係を、図1の(a)に示す。図1の横軸は、充電時
間などに代表される充電深度であり、どの程度まで電池
が充電されているかを示す指標である。また縦軸は、電
池電圧である。これより、非水系二次電池であれば、図
1の(a)に示すように、満充電に至っていることを、何
らかの変化量で検出するのは難しい。 [水溶液系二次電池の説明]本発明で使用する水溶液系
二次電池としては、いわゆるニッケル−水素二次電池を
例示することができる。この電池は、次のようにして準
備される。
FIG. 1 (a) shows the relationship between the charge depth of this non-aqueous secondary battery and the battery voltage. The horizontal axis in FIG. 1 is a charge depth represented by a charge time and the like, and is an index indicating how much the battery is charged. The vertical axis is the battery voltage. Thus, it is difficult for a non-aqueous secondary battery to detect that the battery is fully charged, as shown in FIG. [Description of aqueous secondary battery] As the aqueous secondary battery used in the present invention, a so-called nickel-hydrogen secondary battery can be exemplified. This battery is prepared as follows.

【0015】このニッケル−水素二次電池は、負極には
活物質材料である水素吸蔵合金粉末を使用しており、正
極には通常アルカリ二次電池に使用される水酸化ニッケ
ルからなるニッケル極を用いている。この正、負極及び
親水性のポリプロピレン製セパレータを用いて渦巻き型
の電極体を作製し、円筒型電池缶に挿入した。そして、
ここに電解液を注液した。この電解液は、水酸化カリウ
ムと水酸化リチウムと水酸化ナトリウムの水溶液からな
るものである。この電解液は、セパレータであるナイロ
ン不織布に含浸させられている。この電極体が挿入され
電解液が注入された電池缶を、正極端子を兼ねる封口体
にて密閉する。尚、この封口体と電池缶とは、絶縁性を
保つために樹脂性のパッキングで絶縁、封止されてい
る。
In this nickel-hydrogen secondary battery, a hydrogen storage alloy powder as an active material is used for a negative electrode, and a nickel electrode made of nickel hydroxide usually used for an alkaline secondary battery is used for a positive electrode. Used. A spiral electrode body was prepared using the positive and negative electrodes and the hydrophilic polypropylene separator, and inserted into a cylindrical battery can. And
An electrolyte was injected here. This electrolytic solution is composed of an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide. This electrolytic solution is impregnated in a nylon nonwoven fabric as a separator. The battery can into which the electrode body is inserted and into which the electrolyte is injected is sealed with a sealing body also serving as a positive electrode terminal. In addition, the sealing body and the battery can are insulated and sealed with a resinous packing in order to maintain insulation.

【0016】ここで、この水溶液系二次電池の充電深度
と、電池電圧の関係を、図1の(b)に示す。図1の(a)同
様に、横軸は充電時間などに代表される充電深度、また
縦軸は電池電圧である。これより、水溶液系二次電池で
あれば、図1(b)に示すように、完全な満充電に至って
いることを検出するのは、電池電圧、及びその変化量、
電池温度、及びその変化により容易に認知することがで
きる。特に、電池温度の急峻な立ち上がりは容易に確認
できる。この水溶液系二次電池では、1個当りの放電容
量が、上記非水系二次電池の放電容量より10%程度小
さく設定されている。これら各電池を用い、同時に充電
して行くと、図1に示すように、水溶液系二次電池が先
に満充電になり、その後も充電すると、図1の(a)に示
すとおり、水溶液系二次電池にとっては余分な電気量を
加えることになる。 [組電池の構成の説明]上述のようにして構成した非水
系二次電池を1とし、水溶液系二次電池を5としこれら
を組み合わせて、図2に示すように、組電池を構成し
た。図2中、非水系二次電池1は4本使用され、これら
は接続片2を介して直列に接続されている。非水系二次
電池1の放電電圧は3.6Vであるので、直列に接続され
た非水系二次電池群は14.4Vを出力することができる。
この出力は、正極側出力端子3及び負極側出力端子4を
介して、出力される。
FIG. 1B shows the relationship between the charge depth of the aqueous secondary battery and the battery voltage. As in FIG. 1A, the horizontal axis represents the charging depth represented by the charging time and the like, and the vertical axis represents the battery voltage. From this, in the case of an aqueous secondary battery, as shown in FIG. 1 (b), it is detected that the battery is fully charged because the battery voltage and its change amount
It can be easily recognized from the battery temperature and its change. In particular, a sharp rise in battery temperature can be easily confirmed. In this aqueous secondary battery, the discharge capacity per battery is set to be about 10% smaller than the discharge capacity of the non-aqueous secondary battery. When these batteries are charged at the same time, as shown in FIG. 1, the aqueous secondary battery becomes fully charged first, and when subsequently charged, as shown in FIG. An extra amount of electricity is added to the secondary battery. [Description of Structure of Battery Assembly] The non-aqueous secondary battery constructed as described above was designated as 1, the aqueous secondary battery was designated as 5, and these were combined to construct a battery assembly as shown in FIG. In FIG. 2, four non-aqueous secondary batteries 1 are used, and these are connected in series via connecting pieces 2. Since the discharge voltage of the non-aqueous secondary battery 1 is 3.6 V, the non-aqueous secondary battery group connected in series can output 14.4 V.
This output is output via the positive output terminal 3 and the negative output terminal 4.

【0017】一方、水溶液系二次電池5は12本使用さ
れ、これらは接続片6、6・・・を介して直列に接続さ
れている。水溶液系二次電池5の放電電圧は1.2Vであ
るので、直列に接続された水溶液系二次電池群は14.4V
を出力することができる。この出力は、正極出力端子7
及び負極出力端子8を介して、出力される。
On the other hand, twelve aqueous secondary batteries 5 are used, which are connected in series via connecting pieces 6, 6,.... Since the discharge voltage of the aqueous secondary battery 5 is 1.2 V, the aqueous secondary battery group connected in series is 14.4 V
Can be output. This output is supplied to the positive output terminal 7
And via the negative output terminal 8.

【0018】これら非水系二次電池1は2個ずつ2列並
べられている。また、水溶液系電池5は、上記2個2列
並べられた非水系二次電池を取り巻くように、配置され
ている。そして4個4列並べられた二次電池を、絶縁性
の保持部材9で固定している。この固定部材9は樹脂製
テープで構成されている。
These non-aqueous secondary batteries 1 are arranged in two rows of two. The aqueous battery 5 is arranged so as to surround the two non-aqueous secondary batteries arranged in two rows. Then, the four secondary batteries arranged in four rows are fixed by the insulating holding member 9. The fixing member 9 is made of a resin tape.

【0019】ここで非水系二次電池の正極側出力端子3
と、水溶液系二次電池の負極出力端子8を接続すること
によって、非水系二次電池群と水溶液系二次電池群が直
列に接続される。そして、正極出力端子7と負極側出力
端子4とから出力を取り出すことによって、組電池の出
力は28.8Vとなる。
Here, the positive output terminal 3 of the non-aqueous secondary battery
And the negative electrode output terminal 8 of the aqueous secondary battery, the non-aqueous secondary battery group and the aqueous secondary battery group are connected in series. Then, the output of the battery pack becomes 28.8 V by extracting the output from the positive output terminal 7 and the negative output terminal 4.

【0020】ここで使用されている水溶液系二次電池5
と非水系二次電池1とは、同じ電流値で充電されてお
り、これらの電池は同程度に充電されていく。そして、
この組電池において、充電状態の検出は特定の水溶液系
二次電池5aで行っており、充電深度と電池電圧の関係
は、図1の(b)に示す水溶液系二次電池の充電特性と同
じである。その結果、組電池全体において、満充電に至
っていることを検出するのは簡便に認知できる。尚、特
定の水溶液系二次電池5aにおいては、充電状態検出用の
リード10、11が接続されている。また、温度特性を観察
する場合として、温度検出素子12が固定され、この出力
13、14が、別に設けた充電回路に接続されている。
The aqueous secondary battery 5 used here
And the non-aqueous secondary battery 1 are charged with the same current value, and these batteries are charged to the same extent. And
In this assembled battery, the state of charge is detected by a specific aqueous secondary battery 5a, and the relationship between the charging depth and the battery voltage is the same as the charging characteristics of the aqueous secondary battery shown in FIG. It is. As a result, it can be easily recognized that the entire assembled battery is fully charged. In the specific aqueous secondary battery 5a, leads 10 and 11 for detecting the state of charge are connected. When observing the temperature characteristics, the temperature detecting element 12 is fixed,
13 and 14 are connected to a separately provided charging circuit.

【0021】尚、実施例では、充電状態の検出を特定の
水溶液系二次電池5aを使って検出しているが、組電池全
体の電池電圧、及びその変化量によって検出することも
可能である。また、水溶液系二次電池群として12個の単
電池を使用しているが、1個の水溶液系二次電池から構
成してもよい。
In the embodiment, the state of charge is detected by using the specific aqueous secondary battery 5a. However, it is also possible to detect the state of charge by the battery voltage of the entire assembled battery and the amount of change thereof. . In addition, although 12 unit cells are used as the aqueous secondary battery group, the aqueous secondary battery group may be composed of one aqueous secondary battery.

【0022】また、上記実施例では、本発明の実施例で
は非水系二次電池としてリチウムイオン二次電池、水溶
液系二次電池としてニッケル−水素二次電池の場合を例
示したが、これらに限定されるものではない。例えば、
非水系二次電池としては、負極にリチウム金属やリチウ
ム合金を用いたもの、正極にニッケルーコバルト酸化
物、マンガン酸化物を使用したものであってもよい。ま
た、水溶液系二次電池としては、ニッケル−カドミウム
二次電池、ニッケル−亜鉛二次電池、鉛二次電池などを
例示することができる。
Further, in the above embodiment, in the embodiment of the present invention, the case of a lithium ion secondary battery as a non-aqueous secondary battery and the case of a nickel-hydrogen secondary battery as an aqueous secondary battery are exemplified. It is not something to be done. For example,
The non-aqueous secondary battery may be one using lithium metal or a lithium alloy for the negative electrode, or one using nickel-cobalt oxide or manganese oxide for the positive electrode. Examples of the aqueous secondary battery include a nickel-cadmium secondary battery, a nickel-zinc secondary battery, and a lead secondary battery.

【0023】[0023]

【発明の効果】以上詳述した如く、本発明の組電池で
は、効率的な動作を可能とし、満充電状態を、容易に検
出することができる。また、組み合わせられた非水系二
次電池と水溶液系二次電池との効果的な充電動作を行わ
せることができ、その工業的価値は極めて大きい。
As described above in detail, the battery pack of the present invention enables efficient operation and can easily detect the full charge state. Further, the effective charging operation of the combined non-aqueous secondary battery and aqueous secondary battery can be performed, and its industrial value is extremely large.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図1】各二次電池の充電状態と、電池電圧、温度との
関係を示す図である。
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between the state of charge of each secondary battery, battery voltage, and temperature.

【図2】実施例で示した組電池の要部斜視図である。FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a main part of the battery pack shown in the embodiment.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1 非水系二次電池 2 接続片 3 正極側出力端子 4 負極側出力端子 5 水溶液系二次電池 6 接続片 7 正極出力端子 8 負極出力端子 9 保持部材 10、11 充電状態検出用のリード 12 温度検出素子 13、14 出力 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Non-aqueous secondary battery 2 Connection piece 3 Positive side output terminal 4 Negative side output terminal 5 Aqueous solution type secondary battery 6 Connection piece 7 Positive electrode output terminal 8 Negative electrode output terminal 9 Holding member 10, 11 Charge detection lead 12 Temperature Detection element 13, 14 output

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 斎藤 俊彦 大阪府守口市京阪本通2丁目5番5号 三洋電機株式会社内 (56)参考文献 特開 平9−45375(JP,A) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7,DB名) H01M 16/00 H01M 10/48 H01M 10/30 H01M 10/40 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Toshihiko Saito 2-5-5 Keihanhondori, Moriguchi-shi, Osaka Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-9-45375 (JP, A) (58) ) Surveyed field (Int.Cl. 7 , DB name) H01M 16/00 H01M 10/48 H01M 10/30 H01M 10/40

Claims (3)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】(57) [Claims] 【請求項1】(1) 非水系二次電池群と水溶液系二次電池群Non-aqueous secondary battery group and aqueous secondary battery group
とを組み合わせた組電池であって、And a combination battery, 前記非水系二次電池群を構成する非水系二次電池の電池Non-aqueous secondary battery batteries constituting the non-aqueous secondary battery group
容量より、前記水溶液系二次電池群を構成している水溶From the capacity, the aqueous solution constituting the aqueous secondary battery group
液系二次電池の電池容量が小さく、かつ、前記非水系二The battery capacity of the liquid secondary battery is small and the non-aqueous
次電池群と前記水溶液系二次電池群のそれぞれの電圧をVoltage of the primary battery group and the aqueous secondary battery group
同じとした電池群同士を直列に接続したことを特徴とすThe same battery group is connected in series.
る組電池。Battery pack.
【請求項2】(2) 前記水溶液系二次電池が、ニッケル−カThe aqueous secondary battery is a nickel-cadmium battery.
ドミウム二次電池、ニッケル−水素二次電池であることIt must be a cadmium rechargeable battery or nickel-hydrogen rechargeable battery
を特徴とする請求項1記載の組電池。The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein:
【請求項3】(3) 前記組電池の満充電検出が、前記水溶液The detection of the full charge of the battery pack is performed using the aqueous solution.
系二次電池の温度、温度変化率、電圧、電圧変化率、圧Temperature, temperature change rate, voltage, voltage change rate, pressure
力の中から選ばれる少なくとも一つにより検出されるこDetected by at least one of the forces
とを特徴とする請求項1記載の組電池。The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein:
JP34098295A 1995-12-27 1995-12-27 Battery pack Expired - Fee Related JP3349321B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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JP34098295A JP3349321B2 (en) 1995-12-27 1995-12-27 Battery pack

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP34098295A JP3349321B2 (en) 1995-12-27 1995-12-27 Battery pack

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JPH09180768A JPH09180768A (en) 1997-07-11
JP3349321B2 true JP3349321B2 (en) 2002-11-25

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WO2009031255A1 (en) * 2007-09-07 2009-03-12 Panasonic Corporation Assembled battery and battery system
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