JP3333472B2 - Non-destructive detection method and device of blood egg in brown chicken egg - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for detecting blood eggs of shell eggs, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for non-destructively detecting abnormal eggs such as blood eggs which appear in brown chicken eggs.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A conventional egg inspection apparatus of this type is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 6-43238 as a proposal for an apparatus for detecting a defective liquid egg in a chicken egg taken out of the egg. A crack inspection device on the outer surface of a chicken egg is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 7-220327. However, for non-destructive detection of foreign substances such as blood contaminating shell eggs without breaking eggs, specialized egg inspectors generally use the transmitted light of chicken eggs to select them based on experience and intuition. Is being done. However, egg inspection using transmitted light is also effective for eggs with a white surface, but non-destructive egg inspection involves so-called “red balls” of brown chicken eggs with a brown surface. There is a strong demand from consumers to establish a technology for non-destructive detection of abnormal brown chicken eggs. In addition,
For the egg inspection by the transmitted light, in the invention related to the egg inspection apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-48995, light having a wavelength range that is absorbed by the egg content and a wavelength range that is not absorbed are prepared, and the transmitted light of the two lights is analyzed. Charge storage element (eg, photodiode,
A phototransistor (phototransistor) is used, and the detection is performed by comparing the level of the received light signal. There is a description that it is also effective in detecting blood eggs in brown eggs. Although the comparison method using only the light detection level value is effective for egg inspection of white eggs, it is insufficient for egg inspection of brown eggs having a color similar to blood eggs.

[0003]

As an absolute condition for the distribution of hen eggs with shells, there is a demand for quality-guaranteed eggs free from abnormal eggs such as blood eggs and meat eggs. However, as for the technique of non-destructively inspecting chicken eggs, only transmitted light inspection is performed on white chicken eggs, and as described above, a method, technique and apparatus for non-destructively detecting brown chicken eggs with shells. Is a situation that has not been put to practical use.

[0004] Therefore, in general, the egg inspection process in the egg collecting place is performed only for white eggs, and a fluorescent lamp is installed below the conveyor on which the white eggs move, so that the egg inspection worker can see the eggs appearing in dazzling light. This is the process of detecting abnormal eggs based on experience and intuition while looking directly at the transmitted image of the worm.

[0005] By the way, in the above method, it is impossible to detect abnormal eggs in brown chicken eggs having a dark surface color, and only the operation of removing those that are clearly broken in the current egg collection site is performed. As a result, a problem often arises that consumers receive a complaint of "contamination of abnormal eggs".

[0006] In particular, when there is a strong complaint from a large consumer, there are cases in which business is suspended, and the inability to test eggs before shipment of brown eggs is one reason that consumption of brown eggs is not increased. Has also been pointed out.

On the other hand, in recent years, consumers have been increasingly inclined to avoid foreign substances from the viewpoint of food hygiene and safety. Especially for eggs that are frequently eaten raw, complaints are often introduced even if a small blood-like part of the size of millet is found, even if the blood-like part has no problem in terms of hygiene and quality. It is a situation that can be seen.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and measures the content of a brown chicken egg with a shell, which cannot be detected by the experience and intuition of an operator, by image processing in a non-destructive manner in a short time. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and a device for non-destructively detecting blood eggs in brown hen eggs, which can detect contamination of abnormal eggs.

[0009]

Accordingly, the present invention provides a method for non-destructively detecting blood eggs in brown hen eggs, wherein the method for non-destructively detecting blood eggs in brown hen eggs comprises a blood absorption wavelength range.
Wavelength 570-580nm as reference wavelength, while 620-630nm,
Waves selected from 640-650nm, 680nm, 760nm
A long wavelength region is defined as a specific wavelength region, transmission light for the brown chicken egg is formed through an optical filter to form a transmission image in each of the above wavelength regions, and A / D conversion processing is performed on a video signal of the transmission image obtained through a CCD camera. To extract the digital grayscale image in each of the wavelength ranges, determine the transmittance from the grayscale image, determine the ratio of the transmittance in the specific wavelength range to the reference wavelength, in the reference wavelength range for the specific wavelength range. Transmittance
It is characterized in that blood eggs are detected based on the ratio .

According to the first aspect of the present invention, a transmitted image having a reference wavelength having a blood absorption wavelength in a visible light region and a specific wavelength region is formed by transmitting light transmitted through a brown chicken egg through a filter.
One Ide, the transparent over the image to form a video signal through a CCD camera to, to form video signals to form a digital image by the A / D conversion processing, to form a gray-scale image at the reference wavelength and the particular wavelength. That is, the transmitted image data obtained as described above is 640 × 480 pixels per screen and 256 pixels per pixel by the image capture board.
Obtain a gradation image decomposed into gradations.

According to the above image data, the blood absorption wavelength (570 to 580 nm) and the specific wavelength range of 620 to 630 nm, 640 to 650
A density image of nm, 680 nm, and 760 nm is extracted, the transmittance for the density image is calculated, and the ratio of the transmittance of the reference wavelength to the transmittance of the specific wavelength is calculated. Then, a value of an appropriate transmittance ratio in each wavelength region is set as a threshold value, and either the normal egg or the blood egg is determined based on the threshold value. In the present invention, since the transmittance ratio is used as a criterion for determining a blood egg, more accurate discrimination can be performed.

[0012] According to a second aspect of the invention, the transmittance ratio of normal egg when the transmittance ratio at a reference wavelength for <br/> specific wavelength artificial Chitamago becomes minimum as a threshold value set By doing
It is characterized in that blood eggs are detected .

[0013] The upper Symbol onset bright, previously, to prepare an artificial Chitamago and normal eggs, calculates the transmittance at the reference wavelength and the particular wavelength of both, further obtains the ratio of transmittance of the reference wavelength for the particular wavelength range When the transmittance ratio of a normal egg when the blood egg transmittance ratio is minimized is set as a threshold, the egg is determined to be a normal egg if the transmittance ratio of the measured egg is smaller than the threshold, and is determined to be a blood egg if it is equal to or larger than the threshold. It is something to do.

[0014] Further, the detection of the blood egg is carried out in the 620-630n.
m, 640-650nm, 680nm, 760nm 4 specific wavelengths
A hierarchical network structure in which a competition layer is provided between the input layer for inputting the transmittance ratio of the four factors to the reference wavelength and the normal egg and the blood egg are output to the output layer.
Is performed through a neural network .

[0015] The above Symbol onset bright, the operation related to the setting of the threshold can be performed by a neural network structure having a hierarchical learning function, can respond if the threshold is varied, can be highly accurate determination Yes.

The present inventionofNondestructive testing of blood eggs in brown chicken eggs
Blood egg non-destructive detection device usingFirst invention of
Is a non-destructive detection device for blood eggs in brown chicken eggs,
An egg tray that transmits only the projection light from the projection light source
From the base and the transmitted light provided above the base.Blood absorption wavelength range
A reference wavelength of 570 to 580 nm, 620 to 630 nm,
Specific selected from 640-650nm, 680nm, 760nm
Wavelength rangeWith a CCD camera with a filter to obtain a transmitted image
Built-in airtight container and video signal from CCD camera
Through A / D conversion processingSaidReference wavelength and specific wave
An image processing unit for extracting a digital grayscale image in a long range;
Determine the transmittance from the gray image, the reference wavelength andSelected
WasSpecific wavelengthIn the areaIs determined, and the transmittance ratio is determined.
hand, Ratio of transmittance at a reference wavelength to a specific wavelength of artificial blood egg
When the transmittance ratio of normal eggs whenConfiguration
didTheIt is composed of a calculation unit that detects blood eggs by threshold value.
It is characterized by the following.

Nondestructive Analysis of Blood Eggs in Brown Eggs of the Present Invention
Second Invention of Nondestructive Detection Apparatus for Blood Egg Using Dispensing Method
Is a non-destructive detection device for blood eggs in brown chicken eggs,
An egg tray that transmits only the projection light from the projection light source
A base and a blood absorption wavelength range from the transmitted light provided above the base.
A reference wavelength of 570 to 580 nm, and 620 to 630 nm,
Transmission image of specific wavelength range from 640 to 650 nm, 680 nm, 760 nm
A sealed container with a built-in CCD camera with a filter to obtain an image
A / D conversion from the video signal from the CCD camera
Digitization at the reference wavelength and a specific wavelength range through a conversion process.
An image processing unit for extracting a gray scale image, and
Determine the transmittance, the reference wavelength and the four specific wavelength range
To determine the transmittance ratio of blood and detect blood eggs based on the transmittance ratio.
It is more configuration and calculation unit, to the arithmetic unit, in order to calculating the proper person threshold, before and transmittance of the reference wavelength is the blood absorption wavelength range
An input layer for inputting the transmission ratio in serial four specific wavelength region, the four have an intermediate layer of four neurons corresponding to a particular wavelength range, so as to output the normal eggs and Chitamago the output layer characterized in the fact that the configuration in which a hierarchical neural network structure.

[0018]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below in detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings. However, unless otherwise specified, the shapes and other relative arrangements of the components described in this embodiment are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but are merely illustrative examples. Figure 1 is a schematic view showing an outline of a configuration of an embodiment of a nondestructive detection device Chitamago in brown eggs the present invention, FIG 2 is that put the nondestructive detector <br/> in FIG Chitamago FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the determination, FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a blood egg determination result based on the transmittance ratio in the non-destructive detection device of FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is a neural network for performing the blood egg determination in the non-destructive detection device of FIG. FIG.

As shown in FIG. 1, the non-destructive detection apparatus for blood eggs in brown chicken eggs of the present invention comprises an imaging section 20 provided in a closed space and an image processing operation section 21.

The image pickup section 20 comprises a chicken egg mounting section 19, an optical filter group 13, and a CCD camera 11.
The above-mentioned egg placing portion 19 is provided in the storage tube 12 in which the light source 12 is stored.
a, a shielding plate 17 having a small hole 16 for forming a projection hole from a light source in the center, and a support base 18 on which the eggs 10 can be placed horizontally and horizontally. A CCD camera 11 having an optical filter group 13 in front of the projection axis of the light source 12 is provided.
Is provided. When viewed from the egg 10 side, a light-shielding plate 17 having a small hole 16 is provided below the support base 18 so as not to be scattered outside the light source from the light source. Also, the illumination from the rear light source is prevented from leaking to the outer surface of the egg on the CCD camera side.

The image processing operation section 21 is composed of an operation section including the image capturing board 14 and the CPU 15. According to the optical filter group and the transmission image of the egg, the blood absorption wavelength range 570 to 580 nm forming the reference wavelength range and the visible light range 620 to 630 nm and 640 to 650 nm forming the specific wavelength range are determined.
The transmission images in the wavelength ranges of m, 680 nm and 760 nm can be selected.

The posture in which the eggs 10 are placed does not have to be horizontal and horizontal, and may be in any direction. Further, the image need not be projected from the horizontal direction as shown in FIG. 1, but may be projected from the vertical direction or the oblique direction.

With the above configuration, in use,
The egg 10 is placed horizontally and horizontally between the CCD camera 11 and the light source 12, and the transmitted light from the light source 12 and the optical filter group 13 are used to obtain transmission images at the respective wavelengths. The video image signal is sent to the image processing operation unit 21. Image data is
Not shown provided in the image capture board 14 A / D
Digitized to one screen per horizontal 640 × vertical 480 pixels video image signals from the CCD camera Ri by the converter,
A grayscale image decomposed into 256 tones per pixel is extracted. By displaying the image at this time on the monitor television, the measurement may be advanced while confirming that the illumination from the back light source does not leak to the outer surface of the egg.

In this embodiment, a blood egg and a normal egg are required to set the threshold for determining a blood egg. However, since it is impossible to collect blood eggs in advance, blood obtained from another blood egg is used. An artificial blood egg prepared by injecting into a normal egg was used. The transmittance was determined from the transmission image data of the prepared normal egg and the artificial blood egg, and a threshold for discriminating between a normal egg and a blood egg was set by comparing the two.

FIG. 2 shows an example of a flowchart of the blood egg determination of the present invention performed according to FIG. As you can see in the figure,
In step 30, a transmission image at each wavelength is obtained. In step 31, through the A / D converter, in step 32, a gray image in each wavelength range is extracted. In step 33, the transmittance in each wavelength region is calculated. In step 34, the transmittance ratio in the reference wavelength region to the specific wavelength region is calculated. In step 35, an appropriate value of the calculated transmittance ratio is set as a threshold,
The determination of a blood egg (step 36) or the determination of a normal egg (step 37) is performed based on the threshold value.

The A / D converter of the image acquisition board 14 of the image processing / calculating section 21 extracts the grayscale image in each wavelength range in step 32 described above. Thus, the transmittance in each wavelength range in step 33 is calculated by the following equation. Transmittance = Gray value of digital image / Gray value of bleached white plate × 100 (%) The transmittance ratio of each wavelength region in step 34 is calculated by the following equation. Transmittance ratio = Transmittance of reference wavelength region with respect to transmittance of specific wavelength region × 100 (%) Then, in step 35, an appropriate value of the transmittance ratio is set as a threshold to determine whether the egg is a blood egg or a normal egg. are doing.

The setting of the threshold is as follows. FIG. 3 shows a wavelength of 570 to 580 n, which is a blood absorption wavelength range.
The values of the transmittance at m and the transmittance at a wavelength of 620 to 630 nm are shown for each of the normal egg and the artificial blood egg (20 samples). As shown in the figure, the minimum value 10 of the transmittance ratio of the artificial blood egg indicates the threshold value. When the wavelength is 620 to 630 nm, the transmittance ratio is 10 or less, and the egg is regarded as a normal egg.
In the above case, it is determined as a blood egg.

Table 1 (a) shows the results of blood egg determination using the above-mentioned threshold value 10, and the discrimination rate is 92.8% for normal eggs,
The artificial blood egg gave a discrimination rate of 83.3% and an overall discrimination rate of 88.5%.
In addition, the wavelength 570-5 for the transmittance at the wavelength 640-650 nm.
In the discrimination when the transmittance ratio at 80 nm was set to 5 as the threshold value, the discrimination rate of normal eggs was 95.0%, the discrimination rate of blood eggs was 90.4%, and the total discrimination rate was 93.7%, as shown in Table 1 (b).

[0029]

[Table 1]

FIG. 4 shows an example of a neural network constructed according to the present invention. As shown in the figure, in the hierarchical network composed of the input layer 40, the intermediate layer 50, and the output layer 60, the neurons, which are constituent elements thereof, are composed of non-linear elements having multiple inputs and one output, and errors are reduced as much as possible by a learning function. ing. 620-630nm for the input layer,
Four factors with a transmittance ratio of 640 to 650 nm, 680 nm, and 760 nm are input, four neurons are arranged in the middle layer, and a normal egg or blood egg is output in the output layer. Table 2 shows the results of performing a blood egg determination on the same test material using the above neural network. According to the results, the discrimination rate of normal eggs was 98.9%, the discrimination rate of blood eggs was 96.9%, and the overall discrimination rate was 98.0%. The discrimination rate was significantly improved as compared with Tables 1 (a) and (b). are doing.

[0031]

[Table 2]

[0032]

According to the above construction, according to the first , second and fourth aspects of the present invention, the transmission image obtained by irradiating the transmission light to the brown hen egg is used for the optical filter, the CCD camera, and the A / D converter.
A grayscale image in each wavelength region is extracted by video signal processing including D conversion, and a transmittance ratio of a reference wavelength region to a transmittance in a specific wavelength region is determined using transmittance in each wavelength region. By setting an appropriate value of as the threshold,
Blood eggs of brown chicken eggs can be detected reliably and in a short time in a non-destructive manner. Further, the invention of claim 3 and 5, wherein, having a transmittance ratio in a specific wavelength to the input layer, the output layer are a configuration to build a hierarchical neural network structure for outputting a normal egg or Chitamago, The blood egg discrimination rate can be expected to be further improved.

The third and fifth aspects of the present invention are egg inspection systems based on image processing and a neural network as described above, and therefore can sufficiently cope with a case where the threshold value fluctuates. In addition, the present invention can be easily used as an egg inspection system not only in an egg collection place but also in a chicken egg processor and other large-scale consumers of eating out, side dishes, sweets and the like.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a schematic configuration of an embodiment of a non-destructive detection apparatus for blood eggs in brown chicken eggs of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a blood egg determination in the non-destructive detection device of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a blood egg discrimination result based on a transmittance ratio in the nondestructive detection device of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of a neural network for performing a blood egg determination in the nondestructive detection device of FIG. 1;

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Chicken egg 11 CCD camera 12 Light source 13 Optical filter group 14 Image capture board 15 CPU 18 Support base 19 Chicken egg mounting part 20 Imaging part 21 Image processing calculation part

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G01N 21/00-21/01 G01N 21/17-21/61 G01N 21/84-21/958 Practical file ( (PATOLIS) Patent file (PATOLIS)

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A method for non-destructively detecting blood eggs in brown chicken eggs , wherein a wavelength of 570 to 580 nm, which is a blood absorption wavelength range, is used as a reference wavelength,
On the other hand, 620-630nm, 640-650nm, 680nm, 760nm
The wavelength range selected from the above is defined as a specific wavelength range, and the transmitted light to the brown hen egg is transmitted through an optical filter to form a transmitted image in each of the wavelength ranges , and the transmitted image is transmitted through a CCD camera to the transmitted image. A / D conversion processing is performed on the obtained video signal to extract digital grayscale images in the respective wavelength ranges, a transmittance is obtained from the grayscale images, and a ratio of the transmittance in the specific wavelength range to the reference wavelength is calculated. Calculated for the specific wavelength range
A method for non-destructively detecting blood eggs in brown chicken eggs, wherein blood eggs are detected based on a transmittance ratio in a sub-wavelength range . Detecting the Chitamago by 2. A transmission ratio of the reference wavelength for a particular wavelength of the artificial Chitamago is set as a threshold <br/> transmittance ratio of normal egg when the minimum The method for non-destructively detecting blood eggs in brown chicken eggs according to claim 1, characterized in that: (3)Detection of the blood egg, 620-630nm, 640-650nm, 680nm, 760nm
Four factors at four specific wavelengths with respect to the reference wavelength
To Competition layer between input layer to input transmittance ratio and middle
Output layer to output normal and blood eggs
Network Structure Neural NetworkToGo through
2. A brown chicken egg according to claim 1, wherein
Method for nondestructive detection of blood egg in stomach. 4. A non-destructive detection apparatus for blood eggs in brown hen eggs, wherein the egg cradle is configured to transmit only the projection light from the projection light source, and a blood absorption wavelength range from the transmitted light provided above the egg cradle.
A reference wavelength of 570 to 580 nm, 620 to 630 nm,
Specific selected from 640-650nm, 680nm, 760nm
Extracting a closed container with a built-in filter with a CCD camera to obtain a transmission image of the wavelength range, the digital gray-scale image at the reference wavelength and the particular wavelength range through the A / D conversion processing from the video signal from the CCD camera An image processing unit;
The transmittance is determined from the grayscale image, and the transmittance is selected as the reference wavelength.
Obtains the transmittance ratio in a specific wavelength range has, with respect to the transmittance ratio, transmittance ratio at a reference wavelength for the particular wavelength of the artificial blood eggs
There nondestructive detection device Chitamago in brown eggs, characterized in that it has more configuration and operation unit for detecting a Chitamago by said threshold set the transmittance ratio of normal eggs as a threshold value when the minimum. Claim 5.Non-destructive detection device of blood egg in brown chicken egg
At An egg tray that transmits only the projection light from the projection light source
A base and a blood absorption wavelength range from the transmitted light provided above the base.
A reference wavelength of 570 to 580 nm, 620 to 630 nm,
Transmission image of specific wavelength range from 640 to 650 nm, 680 nm, 760 nm
A sealed container with a built-in CCD camera with a filter to obtain an image
A / D conversion from the video signal from the CCD camera
Digitization at the reference wavelength and a specific wavelength range through a conversion process.
An image processing unit for extracting a gray scale image, and
Determine the transmittance, the reference wavelength and the four specific wavelength range
To determine the transmittance ratio of blood and detect blood eggs based on the transmittance ratio.
It consists of an arithmetic unit and  In the calculation unit, in order to calculate an appropriate threshold,The blood absorption wave
Long rangeWith reference wavelength transmittanceThe fourSpecific wavelengthAreaTo
Input layer for inputting the transmittance ratio inThe four specifics
Compatible with wavelength rangeAn intermediate layer consisting of four neurons
It has a hierarchy that outputs normal eggs and blood eggs to the output layer
Configuration with a neural network structure
Characterized byBrownNon-destructive detector for blood eggs in colored chicken eggs.