JP3204401B2 - Disk device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[Table of Contents] The present invention will be described in the following order. Industrial Application Conventional Technology (FIG. 12) Problems to be Solved by the Invention (FIGS. 12 and 13) Means for Solving the Problems (FIGS. 1 to 7) Action (FIGS. 1 to 7) (FIGS. 1 to 11) Effects of the Invention

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a disk apparatus, and more particularly, to a disk apparatus which is suitably applied when a defective portion on a magnetic disk is replaced in units of sectors.

[0003]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a magnetic disk device such as a hard disk device or a floppy disk device, as shown in FIG. 12, recording tracks formed concentrically are shown in FIG. K logical sectors SECTk are provided for each recording track TR, and a preamble and a postamble are added to these sector columns SECT1 to SECTk to form a plurality of concentric recording tracks.

[0004] Each of the logical sectors SECTk is composed of one information unit having ID information at the head thereof.

In order to read out each of the sectors SECT1 to SECTk, it is necessary to accurately track and access the sectors constituting each recording track TR, and to provide the tracking information between the sectors (positions at which each sector is divided). For example, servo information SVO of about 50 [bytes]
Are formed in advance and assigned to each recording track by controlling the rotation of the servo mechanism based on the servo information SVO in a write mode for writing data or in a read mode for reading data. Access to the existing sector.

A recording track T formed concentrically
In the case of using a so-called zone recording method of increasing the data transfer rate of the recording track on the outer peripheral side to equal the data recording density of the recording track on the inner peripheral side of R, the same applies to the position where each logical sector SECTk is divided. By writing the servo information SVO in advance, the servo information SVO is arranged so as to be aligned in the radial direction of the magnetic disk in each recording track.
The VO data sampling rate is made equal in each recording track.

[0007] The sectors separated by the servo information SVO are called physical sectors SECTPt, and one logical sector STP by a plurality of physical sectors SECTPt.
ECTk is formed.

Therefore, the ID is included in the physical sector SECTk.
Since some information does not have information, data is handled in logical sector units.

[0009]

In this type of magnetic disk device, if data cannot be recorded due to a defect such as a scratch on the magnetic disk, the logical sector S
This is substituted for each ECTk.

That is, in FIG. 12, when a defect BAD occurs in the third physical sector SECTP3 from the first physical sector SECTP1, the physical sector SE
Data to be recorded in the logical sector SECT2 including CTP3 is recorded as one unit in the spare sector SECTX formed following the last logical sector SECTk.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 13 which shows the recording track TR shown in FIG. 12 in a reduced horizontal direction, the entirety of the defective logical sector between the first and third logical sectors SECT1 and SECT3 is used. As a prohibited sector, a second logical sector S to be written or read from this portion thereafter
The data of ECT2 is recorded in the spare sector SECTX.

However, if such a method is used to replace a defective portion, when a continuous address for one recording track is used, the spare sector S is not used.
There is a problem that the data processing time becomes longer by addressing the ECTX.

Further, when one theoretical sector SECTk is divided into a plurality of physical sectors SECTPt by the servo information SVO, only the physical sector SECTPt having no ID information cannot be replaced with the spare sector SECTXt. However, the entire logical sector SECT2 including the physical sector SECTPt must be replaced, and the number of sectors that can be replaced within one recording track is reduced.

In this case, a method of preparing a large number of spare sectors SECTX is conceivable. However, if a large number of spare sectors SECTX are prepared, the capacity of the entire magnetic disk is reduced correspondingly, and this is still insufficient as a solution.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and it is an object of the present invention to replace a defective portion, which can make more effective use of a recording area and can avoid an increase in access time. It is intended to propose a possible disk device.

[0016]

According to the present invention, there is provided a read / write data section DATA.
1, DATA2 and the read / write data part DAT
ID data part ID (OU) corresponding to A1 and DATA2
T) and ID (IN), unit logical sectors SECT (OUT) k and SECT (IN) m are sequentially formed, and a plurality of unit logical sectors SECT (OUT) k,
SECT (IN) m and / or unit logical sector SECT
(OUT) k, servo sector S in SECT (IN) m
A recording track TR (OU) in which VOs are arranged at predetermined intervals
T) and read / write data portions DATA1 and DATA2 while servo-driving the disk DISK having TR (IN) based on the servo data of the servo sector SVO.
In the disk device 10 for reading or writing read / write data to and from the recording tracks TR (OUT), T
A spare sector SECTX composed of physical sectors SECTPt divided by the servo sector SVO is formed in R (IN), and when a defect BAD is detected on the recording tracks TR (OUT) and TR (IN), the defective area is detected. Are skipped over the physical sector SECT (BAD) including the read / write data DATA1 and DATA sequentially from the next physical sector.
2 is read or written.

[0017]

[Function] Each recording track TR (OUT), TR (IN)
Spare sectors SECT (OUT) X, SEC at the end of the upper part
T (IN) X, and the recording track TR
When a defect is detected on (OUT) and TR (IN), read / write data is read or written sequentially from the physical sector that skips over the physical sector SECT (BAD) including the defective area. The replacement process of the defective portion can be performed in units of one physical sector.

[0018]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG.

FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a sector formed on a disk DISK of a hard disk device according to the present invention, wherein a plurality of recording tracks TR (OUT) and TR are formed concentrically.
(IN) are formed, and K and M logical sectors SECT (OUT) k (k = 1, 2,...) Forming an ID information recording zone at the head position in each recording track.
.., K) and the logical sector SECT (IN) m (m = 1,
2,..., M) are arranged.

Each recording track TR (OUT) and T
In R (IN), the servo information recording zone SVO is formed on the same line in the radial direction of the disk DISK at every predetermined angular interval, and the servo information recording zone SVO is formed in a write mode for writing data or in a read mode for reading data. The rotation operation of the servo mechanism is controlled based on the information SVO.

The servo information recording zone SVO includes first and second recording tracks TR (OUT) and TR (IN).
Logical sectors SECT (OUT) 1 and SECT (I
N) are formed at the head position of 1 and sequentially formed at a predetermined angular interval, so that each logical sector SECT (OUT) k and SECT (I
N) m is the first data information recording zone DATA
It is divided into first and second data information recording zones DATA2.

Each of the recording tracks TR (OUT) and TR (IN) has the last logical sector SECT (O).
After UT) K and SECT (IN) M, a spare sector SECT consisting of a plurality of areas (hereinafter referred to as physical sectors) divided by the servo information recording zone SVO.
If (OUT) X and SECT (IN) X are formed and a defect such as a scratch occurs on the disk DISK and it is difficult to write data to this portion, the physical sector having the defect is The following data is sequentially written from the following physical sector without writing data,
The information of the interlaced writing and the interlaced reading is the ID of each logical sector SECT (OUT) k and SECT (IN) m.
The information is recorded in information recording zones ID (OUT) k and ID (IN) m.

That is, as shown in FIG.
ID information recording zones ID (OUT) k and ID (IN) m of ECT (OUT) k and SECT (IN) m are PLL (phase locked loop) oscillation circuits provided in a data processing circuit section of the hard disk device, respectively. Is synchronized with the data transmission speed of the disk DISK to generate a reference clock signal.
FO, byte synchronization data SYNC indicating the transmission speed of the ID data, and the ID information recording zone ID (OUT) k
Or, a logical sector SEC provided with ID (IN) m
T (OUT) k or SECT (IN) m cylinder number CYL, head number HEAD, sector number SEC
T and the relevant logical sector SECT (OUT) k or SEC
Defective physical sector BA having a defect in T (IN) m
D and skip information SKIP indicating whether or not there is a D, a first data information recording zone DATA1 and a first data information recording zone DATA1 divided by a servo information recording zone SVO in a logical sector SECT (OUT) k or SECT (IN) m. The split information SPLIT (FIG. 4) indicating the length of the data information recording zone DATA2 of No. 2 and the check information CRC for checking whether or not the data read from the disk contains an error are sequentially arranged in that order. Has been made to assign.

FIG. 5 shows a hard disk device 10 in which data from a bus is input to a hard disk controller 11 via a host interface 12, and a write / read circuit 17 is provided based on the input data. A write signal S1 is transmitted to write data on the disk of the disk drive 18, and data read from the disk is read as a read signal S2 via a write / read circuit 17.

A CPU 14 is connected to the hard disk controller 11 so that when a defect occurs on the disk, replacement of the defective portion is executed based on ID information recorded on the disk. ing.

That is, the skip information SKIP provided in the ID information recording zone depends on the number of data between the first data information recording zone and the second data information recording zone of the logical sector in which the ID information recording zone is provided. If there is no defective physical sector in the logical sector SECT (OUT) k as shown in FIG. 2, the information indicates whether there is a defective physical sector in the logical sector SECT (OUT) k. Data is read or written.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 6, for example, when the second physical sector is a defective physical sector SECT (BAD), the first logical sector SECT (BLOCK) to be written in the second physical sector is used. OUT) 1 is temporarily stored in the buffer RAM circuit 13 and the data of the buffer RAM circuit 13 is transferred at the timing when the head jumps over the second physical sector and arrives at the third physical sector SECTP3. The third physical sector SEC
TP3 is written, and write data subsequently input via the data bus is temporarily buffered in the buffer RA.
By being sequentially output with a predetermined time delay via the M circuit 13, data subsequent to the data to be written to the defective physical sector is sequentially written to the physical sector behind the defective physical sector SECT (BAD). It has been made to be.

In the case where a defective physical sector is found after the data has been written and the data of the defective physical sector is to be replaced, the data written in the physical sectors subsequent to the defective physical sector is temporarily stored in the buffer RAM. By storing the data in the circuit 13 and outputting it at a predetermined timing, the data is sequentially shifted and written in the physical sectors subsequent to the defective physical sector.

Therefore, by using a buffer RAM circuit for at least two logical sectors, each logical sector having ID information can be rewritten via the buffer circuit.

That is, the first data information recording zone DATA1 and the second data information recording zone D of the logical sector are provided in the ID information recording zone (FIG. 3) of each logical sector.
Whether or not there is a defective physical sector between the ATAs 2 is written as skip information SKIP, and if there is a defective physical sector, the hard disk controller 11 of the hard disk device 10 which reads or writes data from the disk. Reads or writes the first data information DATA1 (FIG. 6) of the first logical sector from the first physical sector SECTP1 based on the skip information, and then reads the second physical sector SECT (B
AD), the second data information DATA2 of the first logical sector is read or written from the third physical sector SECTP3.

That is, the CPU of the hard disk device 10
Reference numeral 14 outputs a command for searching the ID information of the target sector to the hard disk controller 11 in accordance with the read or write command.

At this time, the hard disk controller 11
Searches for a target sector by controlling the drive of the disk drive 18, and reports the search result to the CPU 14. The CPU includes skip information SKI of the ID information.
P and division information SPLIT are read out via the hard disk controller 11.

If, for example, the skip information SKIP is 1, and the first offset information (FIG. 4) corresponding to the first data information recording zone DATA1 of the split information SPLIT is 118, this means that This indicates that there is one defective physical sector SECT (BAD) between the first physical sector SECTP1 and the third physical sector SECTP3 forming the logical sector SECT (OUT) 1. The data length of the formed first data information recording zone DATA1 is the data length of the basic data area of the two areas (basic data area and offset data area) which sequentially constitute the first data information recording zone DATA1. There 128
This represents 246 [bytes] obtained by adding the data length of the offset data area of 118 [bytes] to [byte]. At this time, the hard disk controller 11 reads or writes the data of the basic data area, After writing the data length (118 [bytes]) of the data area to the register of the hard disk controller 11, reading or writing the data of the basic data length, the data of the offset data area is subsequently read or written.

When the hard disk controller 11 completes the reading or writing of the data in the offset data area, the CPU 14 determines that the physical sector following the first physical sector SECTP1 is a defective physical sector SECTP1.
T (BAD)
Of the physical sector SECTP3 is read or written.

That is, when the reading or writing of the data in the offset data area of the first physical sector SECTP1 is completed, the CPU 14 reads the next servo information recording zone SVO1 and reads it out.
4, the CPU 14 determines that the physical sector following the first servo information recording zone SVO1 is a defective physical sector S.
Until ECT (BAD) is determined and the second servo information recording zone SVO2 following the defective physical sector SECT (BAD) is read, data read or write processing is not performed on this area. The hard disk controller 11 is controlled.

Here, when the CPU 14 reads the second servo information recording zone SVO2, it reads the next physical sector SVO2.
The data of ECTP3 is transferred to the relevant logical sector SECT (OU
T) It is determined that the zone is the second data information recording zone DATA2 of 1, and the data is read or written in the third physical sector SECTP3.

That is, the hard disk controller 11
Is the basic data area of the third physical sector SECTP3 (1
When the read or write process of data of 28 [bytes] is started, the hard disk controller 11 reports this to the CPU 14.

At this time, the CPU 14
The second information, which is offset information corresponding to the second data information recording zone DATA2 of the split information SPLIT read in advance as ID information of CT (OUT) 1,
The data length (38 [bytes] in this embodiment) of the offset data area of the data information recording zone DATA2 is set in the register of the hard disk controller 11.

Therefore, the hard disk controller 11
After reading or writing data of the 128 [bytes] of the basic data area, the data of the subsequent offset data area is read or written based on the data length information set in the register.

As described above, the CPU 14 determines the defective physical sector SEC based on the ID information of the target logical sector.
If there is T (BAD), data is read or written from a physical sector that skips over the defective sector.

Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 6, since there is a defective physical sector SECT (BAD), the corresponding recording track TR
The recording area of (OUT) is a defective physical sector SECT (BA
D) After that, by sequentially shifting backward, the spare sector S previously provided in the recording track TR (OUT) is set.
One of ECT (OUT) X is the last logical sector SECT
Used by (OUT) K.

As shown in FIG. 7, even when a defect occurs in the first physical sector, the second defective physical sector SECT (BAD) is skipped in the same manner as described above. Data is read or written sequentially from SECTP2.

Here, the defective physical sector SECT (BAD)
When performing the substitute processing of the defective physical sector SECT,
If all the alternative processing of the recording track TR (OUT) cannot be performed even by using the spare sector SECT (OUT) X in the recording track TR (OUT) having the (BAD), the spare sector of another recording track TR (OUT) cannot be used. An alternative process is executed by using a sector.
CPU 1 using relocation tables 1 to 3 shown in FIG.
4 is executed.

That is, as shown in FIG. 11, the CPU 14 reads or writes data from a recording track on the disc (hereinafter referred to as reading / writing) at step SP1.
(Referred to as a write), and the process proceeds to step SP2.
In step SP3, when a read / write command for a predetermined sector is received, the track of the read or write target sector is calculated in step SP3, and alternative information of the recording track having the target sector is provided in the memory based on the calculation result. By retrieving the first relocation table that is present.

This first relocation table TAB
In LE1, an address corresponding to the recording track number is set as shown in FIG. 8, and the bit corresponding to the recording track having data replaced by another track is "1".
Has been rewritten. In this embodiment, 1024 tracks are formed on one disk, and the first relocation table TABLE1 is composed of 128 bytes.

Accordingly, when the target sector is located, for example, in the fifth recording track, as shown in FIG. 8, the fifth bit B5 corresponding to the fifth recording track is searched in the first relocation table TABLE1. If the fifth address is rewritten to "1", it indicates that there is data substituted for another recording track in the corresponding fifth recording track. In this case, The CPU obtains a positive result in the following step SP4, and proceeds to the subsequent step SP5.

This step SP4 is a processing step of searching the second relocation table TABLE2 and searching for which logical sector of which recording track has been replaced by the target sector. This second relocation table TABLE2 is searched. As shown in FIG. 9, a table in which the replacement destination recording track and the replacement destination logical sector address (TABLE2B) of a predetermined logical sector are paired with the original recording track and the original logical sector address (TABLE2A) is recorded. This is a variable-length table in which data is added for each alternative extending over a plurality of recording tracks.

Here, when the alternative destination address of the target sector is searched, the CPU 14 obtains a positive result in the following step SP6, changes the seek destination recording track to the alternative destination address in the following step SP7, and then proceeds to the next step SP8. And seeks it to execute read / write processing, and terminates the processing procedure.

On the other hand, if a negative result is obtained in step SP4, this means that there is no alternative to another recording track. At this time, the CPU moves to step SP8 and seeks the target sector. Execute read / write processing. A third relocation table TABLE3 as shown in FIG. 10 is provided in the memory, and data is added every time a defective physical sector is found.

Accordingly, at the time of reading, when a defect is found, the CPU 14 checks the third relocation table TABLE3, and finds an existing defect physical element which has been found so far on the recording track where the error has occurred. Check the number and location of the sectors.

If the total number of defective physical sectors found at this time and the number of existing defective physical sectors is smaller than the number of spare sectors provided in the recording track, replacement in the recording track is performed. Can be performed, the CPU 14 adds the defective physical sector found this time to the third relocation table TABLE3 and executes the replacement.

On the other hand, when the total number of defective physical sectors found and existing defective physical sectors is larger than the number of spare sectors provided in the recording track, the number of spare sectors provided in the recording track is reduced. This indicates that the replacement cannot be performed. At this time, the CPU 14 determines whether or not there is a spare for one logical sector in the nearby recording track.
The closest recording track having the spare area is selected, the second and third relocation tables TABLE2 and TABLE3 are rewritten, and the substitution process is executed in units of one logical sector.

In this way, it is determined whether or not a replacement can be made in the recording track according to the number of spare sectors in the recording track where the defective physical sector has been found, and based on the result of the determination, the recording is performed. An alternative within the track or an alternative outside the recording track is selected and executed.

Thus, if there is a defective physical sector SECT (BAD) in a predetermined recording track, data is read / written by skipping over the defective physical sector SECT (BAD), and a spare sector SECT (O) provided at the end of the recording track is provided.
UT) X and SECT (IN) X, when the jump replacement process is executed beyond the capacity of the spare sector SEC,
Data that does not fit in T (OUT) X and SECT (IN) X can be replaced by spare sectors of another recording track in units of one logical sector.

According to the above configuration, when replacing a defective physical sector, data is read / written by skipping the defective physical sector SECT (BAD) and shifting the data backward by one physical sector thereafter. The replacement process can be performed in units of one physical sector, whereby the replacement process of two physical sectors can be performed by a spare sector for one logical sector composed of, for example, two physical sectors.
Compared to the conventional case where the replacement process is performed for each logical sector, more defective physical sectors SECT (BAD) can be replaced using the same number of spare sectors.

Further, since data is read / written from a physical sector which continues over a defective physical sector, even when data is sequentially read / written from a continuous logical sector, the data is temporarily reserved as in the prior art. Data read / write processing can be performed without performing an operation for seeking a sector.

Therefore, even when a defective physical sector occurs, it is possible to prevent the data processing time (latency) from being lengthened.

In the above-described embodiment, the case where two recording tracks are formed in FIG. 1 has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention is applicable to a case where other plural recording tracks are formed. Applicable.

In the above-described embodiment, a case has been described in which an area for two physical sectors is formed as spare sectors SECT (OUT) X and SECT (IN) X. However, the present invention is not limited to this. A spare sector having a size may be formed.

In the above-described embodiment, the case where one logical sector is divided into two by the servo sector has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this case. The present invention can also be applied to

Further, in the above embodiment, the case where the present invention is applied to a hard disk device has been described.
The present invention is not limited to this, and can be applied to various magnetic disk devices such as other magnetic disk devices and further to magneto-optical disk devices.

[0062]

As described above, according to the present invention, a spare sector is formed on each recording track, and when a defect is detected on the recording track, it jumps over the physical sector including the defective area. Since the read / write data is sequentially read or written from the physical sector, the defective part can be replaced in units of one physical sector, whereby more defective parts can be replaced by using the same number of spare sectors. It is possible to realize a disk device that can perform an alternative process and can avoid an increase in data processing time even when a defective portion occurs in a continuous access operation on the same recording.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a disk used in an embodiment of a magnetic disk device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a logical sector and a physical sector according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view showing a configuration of an ID information recording zone according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged view showing split information of ID information according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a magnetic disk device according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of a jump replacement process according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of a jump replacement process according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a first relocation table according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a second relocation table according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a third relocation table according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a read / write processing procedure according to the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a conventional recording format.

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating a conventional alternative process.

[Explanation of symbols]

10 Hard disk device 11 Hard disk controller TR (OUT) TR (IN) Recording track SECT (OUT) k SECT (IN) m
…… Logical sector, SECTPt …… Physical sector, SEC
T (OUT) X, SECT (IN) X ... spare sector,
ID (OUT) k, ID (IN) m ... ID information recording zone.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G11B 20/12 G06F 3/06 306 G11B 20/10

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A read / write data section and a read / write data section.
Are ID data portion sequentially is due connexion configured unit logical sector in formation corresponding to the write data section Rutotomoni, servo sector among the plurality of unit logical sector and or the unit in the logical sector is disposed at a predetermined interval, the Servo sector
A disk having a recording track in which physical sectors divided by the above-described method are sequentially formed is servo-driven based on the servo data of the servo sector, and the read / write is performed.
In a disk device for reading or writing read / write data to or from a write data portion, a spare sector including the physical sector divided by the servo sector is formed in the recording track, and when a defect is detected on the recording track. A disk device wherein the read / write data is sequentially read or written so as to jump over a physical sector including the defective area and shift one physical sector backward from the next physical sector.