JP3127749U - Electric heater device - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to eliminate adverse effects such as burns, fires, or deterioration of the temperature of an object to be kept at a high temperature accompanying an electric heater device that red heats nichrome wire at an unnecessary high temperature.
An electric heater device comprising an electric wire-like heating element that is attached to a heat retention object and is set to a minimum heat generation temperature that keeps the heat insulation object at a desired temperature. In addition to having a relationship between the power supply voltage and the resistance value so that the temperature can be obtained, the heating element is evenly disposed so as to generate heat over a wide range of the heat retention target, thereby obtaining uniform low heat generation. The heating element was made of a good conductor, and the heat generation temperature was set to 220 ° C. or lower. Further, a copper or aluminum material insulatively coated with enamel or formal or the like was used as a heating element, and this heating element was meandered, woven or wound on a heat retaining object. Such an electric heater device was applied to hot cushions, hot carpets, panel heaters, snowmelt roofs, and road heating.
[Selection] Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to an electric heater device used for keeping warm in a cold environment, and more particularly, to a simple, safe and inexpensive electric heater device which gently and gently heats a wide area to be kept warm.

  Even if the electric heater's electric resistance value is not very accurate, or even if the electric heater's electric resistance value changes due to deterioration of the electric heater, etc., it is possible to obtain the required amount of heat generation and to accurately adjust the temperature. There are known a heater device and an electric heater device that provides an electric heater with good product yield at the time of manufacture and a method for manufacturing the electric heater for the device (Patent Document 1).

  Specifically, it comprises an electric heater that generates heat when a voltage is applied thereto, and a control device that supplies heat to the electric heater, and the control device applies a constant DC voltage to the heating member. In addition, by intermittently applying the DC voltage according to the temperature detected by a temperature sensor provided at an appropriate place of the electric heater, a required amount of electric power per unit time is supplied to the heating member, and the electric heater The temperature is maintained at a predetermined temperature.

  On the other hand, an electric heater structure capable of improving the cleanliness, improving the heat radiation efficiency of the heater, and making the design free is also known and a manufacturing method thereof (Patent Document 2). Specifically, a plate-like heat insulator is provided with a groove portion into which an electric heating coil can be fitted from one plate surface, and the depth of the coil fitting is restricted while communicating with the groove portion, and the heat of the coil is externally transmitted from the other plate surface. A plurality of through-groove holes formed by the heat radiation groove to be released to the inner surface of the groove portion and the receiving portion of the electric heating coil provided on the inner surface of the groove portion, and the heat insulating body is overlapped as a lid on the electric heat coil fitting side of the plate-like heat insulating body It is composed.

  In addition to electric blankets, hot carpets, panel heaters, etc. that are widely used as cold protection / heating appliances, electric heating heaters are applied as anti-freezing / snow melting means especially in cold regions, such as road heating, snow melting roofs, etc. It has been known. These electric heaters often employ a nichrome wire as a heating wire that locally reaches a high temperature of around 1000 degrees.

JP-A-2001-195135 ([0009] to [0013], FIG. 1) JP 2001-273993 ([0004] to [0008], all drawings)

  However, it is often sufficient to maintain the temperature around the human body temperature for actual cold protection and heating, or to function as a freeze prevention and snow melting means by slightly exceeding the freezing point temperature. Nonetheless, in the case of electric heaters that heat nichrome wires at an unnecessary high temperature, there are adverse effects such as burns, fires, or deterioration of the temperature of the objects to be kept warm as a consideration for the surroundings, including safety measures for users. There is a problem that requires a heat-resistant design to cope with.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a simple, safe and inexpensive electric heater device that does not require a heat-resistant design to counter the harmful effects caused by unnecessary high temperatures.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the device according to claim 1 is provided with a wire-like heating element that is attached to a heat retaining object and set to a minimum necessary heat generating temperature that keeps the heat retaining object at a desired temperature. The heating element has a relation between a power supply voltage and a resistance value so that the heating element has power consumption so that the heating temperature can be obtained, and the heating element generates heat in a wide range of the heat retaining object. An electric heater device characterized in that the body is arranged uniformly.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, an electric heater is configured by mounting a wire-like heating element on a heat retaining object. The heating element is energized from energizing means to generate desired Joule heat. The heat generation temperature is kept at the minimum necessary temperature, and the heat is gently distributed over a wide range of heat insulation objects. For this reason, there is no harmful effect caused by unnecessary high temperatures. And the heat-resistant design to the contact part or circumference | surroundings of a heat generating body and a heat retention object can be reduced. Therefore, a simple, safe and inexpensive electric heater device can be provided without being bulky.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the electric heater device according to the first aspect, the heating element is composed of a good conductor mainly composed of copper or aluminum with an insulation coating, and the heating temperature is set to 220 degrees C or less. It is characterized by that.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, the heating element is made of a good conductor such as copper or aluminum, and the heating temperature of the heating element is set to 220 ° C. or less, so that the metal that is a good conductor is used. There is no possibility that the constructed heating element itself will ignite. In addition, since it is not high temperature, the range of selection of insulation coating materials is widened, and even when it is used in most heating appliances or snow melting devices, it is below the ignition point or flash point of the material constituting them, and there is less concern about fire . The risk of burns is low.

  The invention according to claim 3 is the electric heater device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the heating element is an enamel wire or a formal wire, and the heating element is meandered, woven, or attached to the heat retaining object, or It is characterized by being wound.

  According to the third aspect of the invention, the enameled wire or the formal wire is an electric material that can be easily meandered, woven or wound on a heat retaining object, and can be obtained at low cost. When used as a body, coupled with the advantage of simplifying the heat-resistant design, it is possible to provide an inexpensive electric heater device that is not bulky.

  The device according to claim 4 is characterized in that the electric heater device according to claim 1 or 4 is used for a hot cushion, a hot carpet, a panel heater, a snowmelt roof, or a road heating. And

  According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, there can be provided a simple, safe and inexpensive electric heater device which has an effect of heating and heat insulation optimum for each application.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a simple, safe and inexpensive electric heater device that is suitable for the purpose of generating a gentle heat generation over a wide range at a necessary minimum temperature.

  According to the device of claim 2, there is little concern about fire. Also, the risk of burns is low.

  According to the third aspect of the invention, the material can be obtained at low cost, and manufacturing and construction are easy.

  According to the device according to claim 4, there is an effect of heating and heat retention optimum for each application, and it is simple, safe and inexpensive.

  Hereinafter, an electric heater device (hereinafter referred to as “the present device”) according to an embodiment of the invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[First embodiment]
FIG. 1A is a transverse cross-sectional view of the first embodiment, and FIG. 1B is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the main part of line AA. As shown in FIG. 1, a hot cushion 1 equipped with this apparatus is used indoors and outdoors where a power source is secured, and a user sits directly and takes warmth. The hot cushion 1 includes a cushion 1a and an electric wire-like heating element (hereinafter also simply referred to as “heater”) 1b disposed inside the cushion 1a.

  The cushion section 1a is composed of a flat rectangular cushion cover 1a1 and a cushion cotton 1a2 wrapped with the cushion cover 1a1. The heater 1b is configured by winding an insulation-coated copper wire 1b2 such as an enameled wire or a formal wire on a flat rectangular substrate 1b1 made of hard sponge at a uniform interval.

  And this heater 1b is arrange | positioned in the center part in the futon cotton 1a2. The bushing 1b3 made of an insulator such as a rubber material safely holds the base of the power cord 1b4, which is an energizing means, at the edge of the cushion 1a. A switch (not shown) is interposed in the middle of the power cord 1b4, and has a plug at the tip, which can be connected to a commercial power source. Then, the heater 1b attached to the hot cushion 1 rises to near 40 degrees C as the minimum necessary heat generation temperature that makes the user feel a warm warmth. Since the heat generation temperature is defined by the power consumption, the relationship of the resistance value R of the heater 1b with respect to the power supply voltage V is set so as to be the power consumption P. And the heater 1b is arrange | positioned equally so that it may heat-generate in the wide area of the hot cushion.

  If the current is limited by supplying a voltage appropriately converted from a commercial power source to a heater 1b via a power transformer (not shown) as the energizing means, it is easy to set the optimum temperature. That is, among the power consumption P = V · V / R that defines the amount of heat generation, the supply voltage V is determined after the resistance value R is determined by the thickness and length of the heater 1b, and the supply voltage V of the power transformer is determined. What is necessary is just to prescribe | regulate by the turns ratio of a primary winding to a secondary winding.

  In the case of this apparatus, since a good conductor is used for the heater 1b, the resistance value over the entire length is low even if a considerable length is secured. In the hot cushion 1, a sponge R substrate 1 b 1 is used as a winding frame, and a formal wire (1 b 2) having a diameter of 0.35 mm is wound 150 times to form a resistor R serving as a heater 1 b. When a power supply adjusted to about 24 V is supplied to the resistor R, the optimum power consumption P is set to around 40 W, and as a result, it has been confirmed by experiments that the optimum temperature is set to about 40 degrees C. In order to obtain AC 24V, it is easy to step down from a commercial 100V power supply via a power transformer. Here, the experimental value is more useful than calculating the impedance by the coil L component of the heater 1b and the related description is omitted.

  On the other hand, a known controller using an electronic circuit incorporating a general thyristor or the like as a temperature control means is expensive, whereas the hot cushion 1 uses only one power transformer that is relatively inexpensive and has few failures, and generates heat. Is fixed. The heater device of the present invention having such a simple fixed heat generation setting is extremely useful. Alternatively, depending on the resistance R of the heater 1b according to the application, the commercial power supply 100V or other voltage V may be directly fed without interposing a power transformer or the like.

[Second Embodiment]
FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the hot carpet according to the second embodiment.
3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part of the hot carpet shown in FIG. 2, (a) an enlarged cross-sectional view of the main part of the BB line and (b) an enlarged cross-sectional view of the main part of the line CC. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the hot carpet 2 equipped with the present apparatus is used for heating starting from the user's feet by laying indoors. The hot carpet 2 includes a blanket portion 2a and a heater 2b provided in the blanket portion 2a.

The blanket portion 2a is composed of two upper and lower blankets 2a1 and 2a2. The two blankets 2a1 and 2a2 are configured to have the same dimensions, and the peripheral edge 2a3 and others are appropriately sewn in a stacked state. The heater 2b is configured by arranging insulation coated copper wires 2b1 such as formal wires and enamel wires on the upper surface of the lower blanket 2a2 in a meandering manner at equal intervals.

  The insulation-coated copper wire 2b1 is spotted with a suture thread 2b2 at a predetermined interval on the lower blanket 2a2 and is woven and attached. The bushing 2b3 safely holds the base of the power cord 2b4, which is an energizing means, at the edge of the blanket portion 2a. A switch (not shown) is interposed in the middle of the power cord 2b4, and has a plug at the tip, which can be connected to a commercial power source. And the heater 2b with which the hot carpet 2 was mounted | worn raises to 32 degreeC as minimum heat generation temperature which makes a user feel comfortable warmth. Since the heat generation temperature is defined by the power consumption, the relationship of the resistance value R of the heater 2b with respect to the power supply voltage V is set so as to be the power consumption P. The heaters 2b are evenly arranged so as to generate heat over a wide area of the hot carpet 2.

  In the hot carpet 2, the insulation coated copper wire 2b1 having a diameter of 0.8 mm was swung at intervals of 15 mm and was reciprocated 1.8 m × 88 one way (× 2) to form one circuit heater 2b. It was confirmed by experiment that when the commercial AC 100V was supplied to the heater 2b, the surface vicinity of the hot carpet 2 laid in the winter room in Sapporo could be stably maintained at an optimum temperature of 32 degrees C. However, these are only guidelines, and when commercializing, it is desirable to verify even under different conditions according to the experiment plan of those skilled in the art.

[Third embodiment]
4A is a front view of a panel heater according to a third embodiment, FIG. 4B is a side view thereof, FIG. 4C is an enlarged sectional view taken along line DD, and FIG. 4D is an enlarged view taken along line EE. It is sectional drawing.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged front view of a main part of the panel heater shown in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the panel heater 3 equipped with this apparatus is installed indoors and outdoors to protect against cold. The panel heater 3 includes a frame 3a and a heater 3b attached to the frame 3a.

  The frame 3a includes a front rectangular frame 3a1 and left and right legs 3a2 and 3a3 that support the frame 3a1. The heater 3b is configured by winding an insulation coated copper wire 3b2 such as a formal wire or an enamel wire in a coil shape on a front rectangular substrate 3b1 made of a stone material. The front U-shaped or V-shaped notch 3b11 shown in FIG. 5 is formed at predetermined intervals on the upper and lower sides of the substrate 3b1, and the insulation-coated copper wire 3b2 is hooked on the notch 3b11 to form a winding fixing means. ing.

  The bushing 3b3 safely holds the base of the power cord 3b4, which is an energizing means, on the edge of the frame 3a1 and the substrate 3b1. A switch (not shown) is interposed in the middle of the power cord 3b4, and there is a plug at the tip, which can be connected to a commercial power source. The spacer 3b5 is a heat insulating material that is held between the heater 3b and the frame 3a1 and enhances safety.

  The heater 3b attached to the panel heater 3 rises to near 100 degrees C as a minimum necessary heat generation temperature that makes the user feel comfortable warmth. Since the heat generation temperature is defined by the power consumption, the resistance value R of the heater 3b with respect to the power supply voltage V is set so as to be the power consumption P. And the heater 3b is arrange | positioned equally so that it may heat-generate in the wide range of the panel heater 3. FIG. This panel heater 3 is formed in one circuit by winding an insulation-coated copper wire 3b2 of φ0.8 mm 170 times at intervals of 5 mm on a substrate 3b1 having a horizontal length of 90 cm, a vertical width of 45 cm and a thickness of 4 mm. The heater 3b is provided. When commercial AC 100V was supplied to the heater 3b, the power consumption P was about 1 KW, and it was confirmed that the surface temperature of the panel heater 3 installed in the winter room in Sapporo was stably maintained at an optimum temperature near 100 degrees C. However, this is just an example.

[Fourth embodiment]
FIG. 6 is a plan view of a snowmelt roof according to a fourth embodiment.
7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the main part of the snow melting roof shown in FIG. 6, (a) an enlarged cross-sectional view of the main part of the FF line, and (b) an enlarged cross-sectional view of the main part of the GG line. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the snow melting roof 4 equipped with the present apparatus is configured by arranging a roof 4a and a heater 4b on the roof 4a.

  On the roof 4a, a heater 4b is laid on the upper surface of the ground plate 4a2 in the eaves part 4a1 of a house or the like via the architectural paper 4a3 and the mylar paper 4a4. The snow melting roof 4 is configured by stretching the material 4a5.

  The heater 4b is configured by winding an insulating coated copper wire 4b2 such as a formal wire or an enamel wire in a coil shape around a flat rectangular plywood plate 4b1. A front U-shaped or V-shaped notch 4b11 is engraved at predetermined intervals on the upper and lower sides of the plywood plate 4b1, and the insulation-coated copper wire 4b2 is latched to form a fixing means for winding. Further, a power cord (not shown) is connected to a commercial power source by an indoor wiring or the like through known protection means and a switch such as a leakage breaker.

  The heater 4b attached to the snow melting roof 4 rises to near 42 degrees C during drying as the minimum heat generation temperature necessary for snow melting. Since the heat generation temperature is defined by the power consumption, the resistance value R of the heater 4b with respect to the power supply voltage V is set so as to be the power consumption P. And the heater 4b is arrange | positioned equally so that it may heat-generate in the wide range of the snow melting roof 4. FIG. This snow melting roof 4 is formed by connecting in series a heater 4b × 3 sets in which insulating coating copper wire 4b2 of φ0.9 mm is wound 170 times at intervals of 1 cm on a plywood board 4b1 having a length of 180 cm × width 45 cm × thickness 4 mm. It was formed into a single heating element. When commercial alternating current of 100 V is supplied to this collective heating element, power consumption P becomes about 1.2 kW, and if the roof 4a is dry in fine weather, it is maintained at approximately 42 degrees C. According to an experiment in which the snow melting roof 4 was developed in a range of 1.80 m × 5.4 m, it was confirmed that the snow melting was possible even during snowfall. However, this is just an example of verification in Sapporo in winter.

[Fifth embodiment]
As a fifth embodiment, this apparatus is applied to road heating. Although not shown, the road heating equipped with this device is a heating and thermal insulation means used to prevent snow melting or freezing by burying it under roads, sidewalks, or parking lots in front of buildings in cold regions. There is a wire mesh in a shallow underground, and a heater is provided directly below the wire mesh.

  The heater is laid in a meandering manner on the flat surface of the road base solidified with concrete in order to cover the road base evenly. In order to facilitate the development of such a meandering form, the shape of the lower surface of the heater is maintained with a string or net-like connector. The upper surface of the heater laid in such a manner is covered with a wire mesh, covered with asphalt mortar, and is embedded so as to cover the surface with asphalt.

  Further, the power cord connected to the end of the heater extends through a well-known protective means and switch such as an earth leakage breaker, and is connected to a commercial power source contracted for discount for road heating. The heater attached to this road heating rises to about 25 ° C. during drying as the minimum heat generation temperature necessary for preventing freezing and melting snow. Since this heat generation temperature is defined by the power consumption, the resistance value R of the heater with respect to the power supply voltage V is set to be the power consumption P. The heaters are evenly arranged to generate heat over a wide range of road heating.

  The results of a verification experiment of this road heating in the winter in a target area of 5.2 m wide by 8.1 m long in Sapporo are as follows. That is, a heating element composed of a copper wire having a diameter of 1.6 mm, which was insulated and coated with formal glass, was laid in a meandering manner on the flat surface of the roadbed. When commercial alternating current of 100 V was supplied to this heating element, the power consumption P was about 1.7 kW. And if it measured in the state where the ground of the object place was dry at the time of fine weather, about 25 degree C was maintained. According to this, it was confirmed that snow can be melted continuously even during snowfall in Sapporo in winter.

  Configurations and effects common to the first to fifth embodiments will be described. In each embodiment, an electric wire-like heating element including a connection form of metal pipes is attached to a heat retaining object to constitute the present apparatus. Specifically, an insulation-coated copper wire or an insulation-coated aluminum wire such as a formal wire or an enamel wire is used as the heating element.

  Joule heat is generated by energizing the heating element via energization means. The heat generation temperature at this time is set so as to be kept at the minimum necessary for keeping the temperature-maintaining object at a desired temperature. If the maximum temperature is limited to a lower temperature, the heat-resistant design is simplified and the risk of burns and fire is reduced, which is safe. By the way, according to the firefighting white paper and the like, the ignition point of tempura oil is 300 degrees or more, so this apparatus used with the maximum temperature limited to 220 degrees C or less is unlikely to cause a fire in the normal use form.

  In this way, the relatively low-temperature heating element is wound in a coil shape with a substrate having a size close to that of the object to be kept warm, and is arranged in a meandering manner while maintaining the shape by sewing or other connecting tools. As a result, a predetermined calorific value can be evenly distributed over a wide range of heat insulation targets.

  The heat-resistant temperature of the insulation-coated copper wire or the insulation-coated aluminum wire, which is the above-described wire-shaped heating element, is limited by the insulation coating material, and is generally considered to be 120 to 220 degrees C. Therefore, in the case of this apparatus, it is used at 220 ° C. or less, more preferably 100 ° C. or less, which is within the heat resistant temperature range.

  In this way, there is no harmful effect caused by unnecessary high temperature by gently heating the heat retaining object over a wide range at a low temperature of 220 ° C. or less where there is little fear of fire, and the contact portion between the heating element and the heat retaining object. Or, the heat resistance design to the surroundings including the user can be reduced. Therefore, a simple, safe and inexpensive electric heater device can be provided without being bulky.

  In addition, according to the experimental result in each Example, each heating element (heater) which has passed the energization time as appropriate according to the application or its closest surface temperature does not vary widely, and the hot cushion 1 is 40 degrees C. It was confirmed that the temperature was 2 ° C at 32 ° C, the panel heater 3 at 102 ° C, the snowmelt roof 4 at 42 ° C (when clear), and the road heating at 25 ° C (when clear).

  Accordingly, the purpose of heating, melting snow or preventing freezing can be achieved even at the lowest necessary low temperature. Of these experimental results, only the panel heater 3 is confirmed to have a temperature of 102 ° C., which is prominently high, but there is no practical problem. However, according to the technical idea of the present invention, it is preferable that the design is also limited to 100 degrees C or less.

  The technical idea of the present invention is to provide a “simple, inexpensive, and safe electric heater device that is characterized by gently heating and keeping a wide range of objects to be kept at the minimum required temperature”. All the applied heating and heat retaining means belong to the present invention regardless of the use.

It is the (a) cross-sectional view of the hot cushion which made the 1st Example, and (b) AA line principal part expanded sectional view. It is a disassembled perspective view of the hot carpet made into 2nd Example. It is the principal part expanded sectional view of the hot carpet shown in FIG. 2, (a) BB line principal part enlarged sectional view, (b) CC line principal part enlarged sectional view. (A) Front view, (b) Side view, (c) DD line main part enlarged sectional view, and (d) EE line main part enlarged sectional view of the panel heater as the third example. is there. It is a principal part enlarged front view of the panel heater shown in FIG. It is a top view of the snow melting roof made into 4th Example. It is the principal part expanded sectional view of the snow melting roof shown in FIG. 6, (a) FF line principal part enlarged sectional view, (b) GG line principal part enlarged sectional view.

Explanation of symbols

1 Hot Cushion 1a Cushion 1a1 Cushion Cover 1a2 Cushion Cotton 1b, 2b, 3b, 4b, 5b Heater (electric heater of this device)
1b1, 3b1 Substrate 1b2, 2b1, 3b2, 4b2 Insulation coated copper wire 1b3, 2b3, 3b3 Bushing 1b4, 2b4, 3b4 Power cord 2 Hot carpet 2a Blanket 2a1, 2a2 Blanket 2b2 Sewing thread 2a3 Edge 3 Panel heater 3a Frame 3a1 Frame 3a2, 3a3 Leg 3b11, 4b11 Notch 3b5 Spacer 4 Snow melting roof 4a Roof 4a1 Eaves part 4a2 Field plate 4a3 Construction paper 4a4 Mylar paper 4a5 Sheet metal 4b1 Plywood

Claims (4)

An electric heater device comprising a wire-like heating element that is attached to a heat retention object and set to a minimum necessary heat generation temperature to retain the heat retention object at a desired temperature,
The heating element has a relationship between a power supply voltage and a resistance value so that power consumption is obtained so that the heating temperature is obtained, and the heating element is arranged uniformly so as to generate heat over a wide range of the heat retaining object. A feature of an electric heater device. The heating element is composed of a good conductor mainly composed of copper or aluminum with an insulation coating,
The electric heater device according to claim 1, wherein the heat generation temperature is set to 220 degrees C or less. The heating element is an enameled wire or a formal wire,
The electric heater device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the heating element is meandered, woven, or wound around the heat retaining object.   5. The electric heater device according to claim 1, wherein the electric heater device is used for a hot cushion, a hot carpet, a panel heater, a snowmelt roof, or a road heating.

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