JP3127116B2 - Agricultural film - Google Patents
Agricultural filmInfo
- Publication number
- JP3127116B2 JP3127116B2 JP08075339A JP7533996A JP3127116B2 JP 3127116 B2 JP3127116 B2 JP 3127116B2 JP 08075339 A JP08075339 A JP 08075339A JP 7533996 A JP7533996 A JP 7533996A JP 3127116 B2 JP3127116 B2 JP 3127116B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- film
- light
- visible light
- mixed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、農業用フィルムに
関し、詳しくはフィルムの耐候性を低下させることな
く、遮光性を増加させ、さらに耐久性に優れ、遮光を必
要とする植物等のハウス又はトンネル栽培における遮光
保温用カーテン部材として適切な農業用フィルムに関す
る。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an agricultural film, and more particularly, to a film or a house of a plant or the like which needs to be light-shielded without increasing the weather resistance of the film without increasing the weather-resistance of the film. The present invention relates to an agricultural film suitable as a light-shielding and heat-curing curtain member in tunnel cultivation.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】近年、植物の光周性を利用して、様々な
花卉園芸用の植物が栽培されている。これらの植物の栽
培には、その植物の性質により、昼間の明るい時間（明
期）と暗い時間（暗期）を調節することによって、花芽
形成、開花時期や花・葉の発色等を促進変化させるもの
であり、太陽からの採光を適宜調節することにより実施
できるものである。これらは長日処理、短日処理などと
呼ばれる処理である。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, various plants for horticulture have been cultivated by utilizing the photoperiod of plants. In the cultivation of these plants, the bud formation, flowering time, flower / leaf color development, etc. are promoted by adjusting the light time (light period) and the dark time (dark period) during the day, depending on the nature of the plant. It can be implemented by appropriately adjusting the lighting from the sun. These are processes called long-day processing and short-day processing.
【０００３】かかる処理のためには、遮光率の高いフィ
ルムが必要である。また、冬季や夜間等の低温時の栽培
には、植物に適当な温度を保つことも必要である。[0003] For such processing, a film having a high light-shielding rate is required. In addition, when cultivating at a low temperature such as in winter or at night, it is necessary to maintain an appropriate temperature for the plant.
【０００４】このため、花卉園芸用のハウス及びトンネ
ル栽培用のカーテンとして、遮光性に優れ、かつ保温性
にも優れた農業用フィルムが望まれている。[0004] For this reason, an agricultural film excellent in light-shielding properties and excellent in heat retention is desired as a flower gardening house and a tunnel cultivation curtain.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】遮光性を有するフィル
ムとしては、特開平3-262419号に記載のようなプラスチ
ックフィルムが開示されている。この公報には、アルミ
ニウムを0.4〜1.5g/m2混入して可視光線の平均反射率を
40〜55％とした層と、酸化チタンを5.0〜40.0g/m2混入
して可視光線の平均反射率を50〜95％とした層の２層構
成の農業用フィルムが開示されている。As a film having a light-shielding property, a plastic film as disclosed in JP-A-3-262419 has been disclosed. This publication, an aluminum 0.4 to 1.5 g / m 2 contaminating average reflectance of visible light
There is disclosed an agricultural film having a two-layer structure of a layer having a thickness of 40 to 55% and a layer having a mean reflectance of visible light of 50 to 95% by mixing 5.0 to 40.0 g / m 2 of titanium oxide.
【０００６】本発明者の実験では、アルミニウムを3.2g
/m2混入して可視光線の平均反射率を50％とした層と、
酸化チタンを7.5g/m2混入して可視光線の平均反射率を7
5％とした層の２層構成の農業用フィルムの場合には、
遮光率が99.1％と高いが、フィルムに反射充填剤を多量
に添加して遮光率を上昇させようとしているため、成形
フィルムの初期強伸度が低下し、また耐候性（日当たり
が良く、しかも日中50〜70℃の高温になるハウス内等で
の使用及び保管に長期間耐え得る性能）も低下してしま
うという問題があり、また耐久性も劣り、コスト的にも
好ましくない。In the experiment of the present inventor, 3.2 g of aluminum was used.
/ m 2 mixed with a layer having an average visible light reflectance of 50%,
7 an average reflectance of visible light of the titanium oxide 7.5 g / m 2 mixed
In the case of a two-layer agricultural film with 5% layer,
Although the light-shielding rate is as high as 99.1%, the initial strength and elongation of the molded film are reduced due to the addition of a large amount of reflective filler to the film to increase the light-shielding rate. However, there is a problem that the performance that can withstand long-term use and storage in a house or the like where the temperature is high at 50 to 70 ° C. during the day is deteriorated, and the durability is poor and the cost is not preferable.
【０００７】またアルミニウムを1.5g/m2に減らして可
視光線の平均反射率を43％とした層と、酸化チタンを4.
4g/m2に減らして可視光線の平均反射率を62％とした層
の２層構成の農業用フィルムとした場合には、初期強伸
度や耐候性は幾分改良されるが、遮光率が98.5％と低下
し、遮光を必要とする植物等のハウス又はトンネル栽培
における遮光保温用カーテン部材に用いることができ
ず、また耐久性も劣る問題がある。A layer in which aluminum is reduced to 1.5 g / m 2 and the average reflectance of visible light is 43%, and titanium oxide is used in 4.
In the case of a two-layer agricultural film in which the average reflectance of visible light is reduced to 62% by reducing to 4 g / m 2 , the initial strong elongation and weather resistance are somewhat improved, However, there is a problem that it cannot be used as a curtain member for keeping light and keeping heat in a house or a tunnel cultivation of a plant or the like that needs light shielding, and has poor durability.
【０００８】更にアルミニウムを0.5g/m2に減らして可
視光線の平均反射率を35％とした層と、酸化チタンを7.
5g/m2に増やして可視光線の平均反射率を75％とした層
の２層構成の農業用フィルムとした場合には、遮光率が
97.9％と更に低下してしまい、また耐久性も劣る問題が
ある。Further, a layer in which aluminum is reduced to 0.5 g / m 2 and the average reflectance of visible light is 35%, and titanium oxide is used in 7.
In the case of an agricultural film having a two-layer structure in which the average reflectance of visible light is increased to 75% by increasing to 5 g / m 2 ,
There is a problem that it is further reduced to 97.9% and the durability is poor.
【０００９】一方、特開平6-22642号には、遮光率が96
％であり、表面の可視光反射率が55％以上、裏面の可視
光反射率が45％以下である、ねぎの軟白栽培用のフィル
ムが開示されている。しかし、同公報には遮光を必要と
する植物等のハウス又はトンネル栽培における遮光保温
用カーテンに用いる技術は開示されていない。On the other hand, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 6-22642 discloses that
%, The visible light reflectance of the front surface is 55% or more, and the visible light reflectance of the back surface is 45% or less. However, this publication does not disclose a technique used for a curtain for keeping heat from light in a house or tunnel cultivation of a plant or the like that needs light shielding.
【００１０】そこで、本発明者は、遮光を必要とする植
物等のハウス又はトンネル栽培における遮光保温用カー
テン部材として適切な農園芸用のフィルムとして、可視
光線の平均反射率が高いフィルムであって、かつ遮光性
を有するフィルムについて種々検討したところ、(1)酸
化チタンを4.4g/m2混入して可視光線の平均反射率を62
％とした白層と、カーボンブラックを2.0g/m2混入して
遮光効果をより高めた黒色層との白黒二層構造のポリエ
チレン樹脂から成るフィルムの場合には、初期強伸度、
耐候性、耐久性は改良されるが、ハウス内カーテン用に
使用した場合、日中の高温時に、天井またはサイド部に
収納されていたフィルムに蓄積された太陽熱が、ハウス
内側になる黒色層からフィルム内部に放熱され、日中の
密閉時にハウス内の気温が過度に高くなってしまい、ま
た低温時には保温性が低くなり改良の余地があった。Therefore, the present inventor has proposed a film having a high average reflectance of visible light as a film for agriculture and horticulture suitable as a curtain member for keeping light and keeping heat in the cultivation of a house or a tunnel which needs light shielding. and made various studied film having a light shielding property, the (1) average reflectance of visible light of the titanium oxide 4.4 g / m 2 contaminating 62
%, And a black / white double-layered polyethylene resin film with a black layer containing carbon black at 2.0 g / m 2 to enhance the light-shielding effect.
Weather resistance and durability are improved, but when used for curtains in a house, the solar heat accumulated in the film stored on the ceiling or the side part at high temperatures during the day, from the black layer inside the house The heat is radiated inside the film, and the air temperature inside the house becomes excessively high during the daytime sealing, and the heat retention becomes low at low temperatures, leaving room for improvement.
【００１１】また(2)上記の(1)の白黒二層構造のフィル
ムにおいて、遮光率を99％以上に維持するために、酸化
チタンの量を7.5g/m2に増やして可視光線の平均反射率
を75％とし、また黒色層の下に裏面層として、アルミニ
ウムを0.5g/m2混入して、可視光線の平均反射率を35％
とした層を設けた３層フィルムについて検討した所、初
期強伸度や耐候性が低下してしまい、また耐久性も劣る
という問題があった。(2) In the black-and-white two-layer structure film of (1), the amount of titanium oxide is increased to 7.5 g / m 2 to maintain the light-shielding ratio at 99% or more, and the average of visible light is increased. the reflectance is 75%, and as a back layer under the black layer, aluminum 0.5 g / m 2 by mixing 35% the average reflectance of visible light
When a three-layer film provided with a layer having the following characteristics was examined, there was a problem that the initial strong elongation and weather resistance were lowered, and the durability was also poor.
【００１２】更に(3)上記の(2)のフィルムにおいて、遮
光率を99％以上に維持するために、酸化チタンを4.4g/m
2に減らし可視光線の平均反射率を62％とした層と、カ
ーボンブラックを2.0g/m2混入した黒色層と、アルミニ
ウムを1.9g/m2に増加して可視光線の平均反射率を45％
とした層を設けた３層フィルムについて検討した所、初
期強伸度や耐候性が幾分改良されるが、いまだ不十分で
あった。(3) In the film of (2), titanium oxide is added at 4.4 g / m 2 in order to maintain the light blocking ratio at 99% or more.
2 , a layer in which the average reflectance of visible light is reduced to 62%, a black layer in which carbon black is mixed at 2.0 g / m 2 , and aluminum is increased to 1.9 g / m 2 to increase the average reflectance of visible light to 45. %
When a three-layer film provided with a layer having the following characteristics was examined, the initial elongation and weather resistance were somewhat improved, but were still insufficient.
【００１３】そこで、本発明の課題は、フィルムの耐候
性を低下させることなく、フィルムの遮光性を増加さ
せ、さらに保温効果、耐久性に優れ、遮光を必要とする
植物等のハウス又はトンネル栽培における遮光保温用カ
ーテン部材として適切な農業用フィルムを提供すること
にある。Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to increase the light-shielding properties of a film without deteriorating the weather resistance of the film, to further improve the heat retaining effect and the durability, and to cultivate a house or a tunnel of a plant or the like that requires light-shielding. The object of the present invention is to provide a suitable agricultural film as a light-shielding and heat-resisting curtain member.
【００１４】[0014]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記課題を解決する本発
明は、可視光線の平均遮光率が99％以上であり、３層以
上の多層の農業用フィルムにおいて、表面層に酸化チタ
ンを3〜6g/m2混入し、裏面層にアルミニウムを0.3〜0.8
g/m2混入し、前記表面層と裏面層の間にカーボンブラッ
クが1.5〜3.0g/m2混入されている黒色層を有し、前記表
面層を外気側（外側）、裏面層を植物等側（内側）に配
置して、遮光を必要とする植物等のハウス又はトンネル
栽培における遮光保温用カーテン部材として用いる農業
用フィルムである。Means for Solving the Problems The present invention for solving the above problems is the average blocking ratio of visible light of 99% or more, in agricultural film of three or more layers, oxide on the surface layer Chita
The emission 3 to 6 g / m 2 was mixed, the aluminum on the back surface layer 0.3-0.8
g / m 2 was mixed, has a black layer of carbon black is mixed 1.5~3.0g / m 2 between the surface layer and the backing layer, the table
The surface layer is placed on the outside air side (outside), and the back layer is placed on the plant side (inside).
This is an agricultural film that is used as a curtain member for keeping light and keeping light in a house or tunnel cultivation of a plant or the like that needs light shielding.
【００１５】[0015]
【００１６】更に本発明において好ましい態様として
は、裏面層における5〜25μmの長波の平均反射率が20％
以上であること、可視光線の平均遮光率が99％以上であ
り、３層以上の多層の農業用フィルムにおいて、表面層
及び裏面層のベース樹脂が低密度ポリエチレン樹脂であ
り、黒色層のベース樹脂がエチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体
樹脂又は密度0.915g/cm3以下の低密度ポリエチレン樹脂
であり、表面層に酸化チタンを3〜6g/m2混入して可視光
線の平均反射率を50〜70％となし、裏面層にアルミニウ
ムを0.3〜0.8g/m2混入して可視光線の平均反射率を30〜
40％となし、黒色層にカーボンブラックが1.5〜3.0g/m2
混入されていることである。Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the average reflectance of long waves of 5 to 25 μm in the back layer is 20%.
That is, the average light-shielding ratio of visible light is 99% or more, and in a three or more-layer agricultural film, the base resin of the front layer and the back layer is a low-density polyethylene resin, and the base resin of the black layer is Is an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin or a low-density polyethylene resin having a density of 0.915 g / cm 3 or less, and titanium oxide is mixed with 3 to 6 g / m 2 in the surface layer so that the average reflectance of visible light is 50 to 70%. ungated, aluminum 0.3 to 0.8 g / m 2 contaminating 30 the average reflectance of visible light on the back surface layer
40%, carbon black 1.5-3.0 g / m 2 in black layer
It is mixed.
【００１７】[0017]
【発明の実施の形態】本発明の農業用フィルムは、遮光
を必要とする植物等のハウス又はトンネル栽培における
遮光保温用カーテン部材として用いるものであり、遮光
率が99％以上のものが用いられる。カーテン部材はハウ
ス又はトンネル栽培の被覆フィルムの内側に用いるもの
であり、１重でも２重以上に設けることもできるが、好
ましくは１重である。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The agricultural film of the present invention is used as a curtain member for keeping heat from light in a house or tunnel cultivation of a plant or the like which needs light shielding, and has a light shielding ratio of 99% or more. . The curtain member is used inside the coating film of the house or the tunnel cultivation, and may be provided as a single layer or a double layer, but is preferably a single layer.
【００１８】フィルムの表面層は、ベース樹脂に酸化チ
タンが3〜6g/m2の範囲で混入されている。酸化チタンの
添加量が3g/m2未満ではフィルムが過度に昇温してしま
うおそれがあり、6g/m2を越えると充填剤を多く添加す
ることとなり、フィルムの初期強伸度や耐候性が低下
し、耐久性が劣る。The surface layer of the film is formed by oxidizing titanium on the base resin.
Tan is mixed in the range of 3 to 6 g / m 2 . If the added amount of titanium oxide is less than 3 g / m 2 , the film may be excessively heated.If it exceeds 6 g / m 2 , a large amount of filler is added, and the initial strong elongation and weather resistance of the film are increased. And durability is poor.
【００１９】[0019]
【００２０】表面層の可視光線（波長範囲0.4〜0.7μ
m）の平均反射率は50〜70％であることが好ましく、酸
化チタンが3〜6g/m2の範囲で混入されることによって平
均反射率を50〜70％の範囲にすることがより好ましい。
光線の平均反射率は、例えば日立分光光度計U-3210型
（積分球式）を用いて測定できる。The visible light of the surface layer (wavelength range 0.4 to 0.7 μm)
average reflectance of m) is preferably 50 to 70% acid
It is more preferable that the average reflectance be in the range of 50 to 70% by mixing titanium oxide in the range of 3 to 6 g / m 2 .
The average reflectance of light can be measured using, for example, a Hitachi spectrophotometer U-3210 (integrating sphere type).
【００２１】裏面層は、ベース樹脂にアルミニウムを0.
3〜0.8g/m2混入してなる層である。0.3g/m2未満では、
日中の太陽エネルギー吸収によるフィルム昇温抑制が不
十分となり、ハウス内カーテンとして日中に展張使用し
た場合、カーテン内部気温を栽培上不適当なレベルまで
高めてしまうことになる。また、夜間使用した場合は、
保温性能が不十分である。更に0.8g/m2を越えると、フ
ィルム強度及び耐候性を低下させ、特に耐候性の低下が
著しい。充填するアルミニウムとしては、アルミニウム
粉末又は箔等を用いることができる。The back layer is made of a base resin made of aluminum.
This layer contains 3 to 0.8 g / m 2 . If it is less than 0.3g / m 2,
Inhibition of film temperature rise due to absorption of solar energy during the day becomes insufficient, and when the film is used as a curtain in a house during the day, the temperature inside the curtain is raised to an inappropriate level for cultivation. Also, if you use it at night,
Insulation performance is insufficient. Further, when it exceeds 0.8 g / m 2 , the film strength and the weather resistance are reduced, and the weather resistance is particularly remarkably reduced. As the aluminum to be filled, aluminum powder or foil can be used.
【００２２】裏面層の可視光線の平均反射率は30〜40％
であることが好ましく、ベース樹脂にアルミニウムを0.
3〜0.8g/m2混入することによって可視光線の平均反射率
が30〜40％の範囲になるようにすることが好ましい。The average reflectance of visible light of the back layer is 30 to 40%.
Preferably, the base resin is aluminum.
It is preferable that the average reflectance of visible light be in the range of 30 to 40% by mixing 3 to 0.8 g / m 2 .
【００２３】裏面層は、中間の黒色層での日中の太陽エ
ネルギー吸収によるフィルム昇温を防ぎ、かつフィルム
強度と耐候性を保持させるには、可視光線の平均反射率
が30〜40％であり、かつ5〜25μmの長波の平均反射率が
20％以上であることがより好ましい。In order to prevent the temperature rise of the film due to daytime solar energy absorption in the intermediate black layer, and to maintain the film strength and weather resistance, the backside layer has an average visible light reflectance of 30 to 40%. And the average reflectance of long waves of 5 to 25 μm
More preferably, it is at least 20%.
【００２４】上記の理由としては、低温時にハウス内を
密閉した場合、日中暖められた土面や植物体からは、長
波放射（波長が5〜25μmの赤外光線であって10μm付近
にピークを有するもの）により輻射熱が発せられるの
で、この輻射熱を有効に利用する必要がある。従って、
裏面層が可視光線の平均反射率が30〜40％であり、かつ
5〜25μmの長波の平均反射率が20％以上のフィルムであ
れば、長波放射を反射し、日中の昇温を抑え、しかも夜
間のハウス内の保温に効果的な役割を果たすものであ
る。尚5〜25μmの長波放射の平均反射率が20％未満で
は、夜間の輻射熱によるエネルギー逃失を抑える能力が
弱く、カーテン内部気温が低下し易くなり、栽培上の保
温管理に不都合が生じる。The reason for the above is that when the house is closed at low temperatures, long-wave radiation (infrared light having a wavelength of 5 to 25 μm and a peak at around 10 μm) is emitted from the soil surface or plants warmed during the day. ) Generates radiant heat, and it is necessary to effectively use this radiant heat. Therefore,
The back layer has an average reflectance of visible light of 30 to 40%, and
If the film has an average reflectance of 5% to 25μm long wave of 20% or more, it reflects long wave radiation, suppresses daytime temperature rise, and plays an effective role in keeping the house warm at night. . If the average reflectance of long-wave radiation of 5 to 25 μm is less than 20%, the ability to suppress energy loss due to radiant heat at night is weak, and the temperature inside the curtain is likely to decrease, resulting in inconvenient heat insulation management during cultivation.
【００２５】本発明においては、フィルムの少なくとも
２層の中間に黒色層を設けることによって、遮光性を向
上させ、それにより、表裏面層の充填剤添加量を減らし
てもフィルムの遮光性は保持向上できる。その結果、充
填剤増量に伴うフィルムの強度、耐候性低下を大幅に改
良できる。In the present invention, a light-shielding property is improved by providing a black layer in the middle of at least two layers of the film, so that the light-shielding property of the film is maintained even when the amount of filler added to the front and back layers is reduced. Can be improved. As a result, it is possible to greatly improve the strength and weather resistance of the film due to the increase in the amount of the filler.
【００２６】黒色層は、ベース樹脂にカーボンブラック
が1.5〜3.0g/m2混入された層である。カーボンブラック
を充填剤として用いることはコスト的に好ましく、その
添加量は1.5〜3.0g/m2の範囲内であれば、遮光率に優
れ、フィルム成形時の発泡を防止することが可能であ
る。The black layer is a layer in which carbon black is mixed in the base resin in an amount of 1.5 to 3.0 g / m 2 . It is a cost preferable to use carbon black as a filler, its amount added as long as it is within the range of 1.5~3.0g / m 2, excellent light-shielding rate, it is possible to prevent foaming during film molding .
【００２７】本発明のベース樹脂として用いられる、ポ
リオレフィン系樹脂としては、α−オレフィンの単独重
合体、α−オレフィンを主成分とする異種単量体との共
重合体であり、例えばポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、
エチレン−プロピレン共重合体、エチレン−ブテン１共
重合体、エチレン−４−メチル−１−ペンテン共重合
体、エチレン−ヘキセン共重合体、エチレン−オクテン
共重合体、エチレン−デセン共重合体等のエチレン−α
−オレフィン共重合体、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合
体、エチレン−アクリル酸共重合体、エチレン−メチル
メタクリレート共重合体、エチレン−酢酸ビニル−メチ
ルメタクリレート共重合体、アイオノマー共重合体など
が挙げられる。これらの樹脂は単独又はブレンド使用す
ることができる。The polyolefin resin used as the base resin of the present invention is a homopolymer of α-olefin or a copolymer with a different monomer containing α-olefin as a main component, such as polyethylene or polypropylene. ,
Ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-butene 1 copolymer, ethylene-4-methyl-1-pentene copolymer, ethylene-hexene copolymer, ethylene-octene copolymer, ethylene-decene copolymer, etc. Ethylene-α
-Olefin copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate-methyl methacrylate copolymer, ionomer copolymer and the like. These resins can be used alone or in a blend.
【００２８】これらのポリオレフィン系樹脂はメルトフ
ローインデックス（ＭＩ）が0.3〜1.5g/10分のものを用
いるのが好ましい。メルトフローインデックスが0.3g/1
0分未満であると、フィルムの加工性が悪くなり、1.5g/
10分を越えるとフィルムの強度が弱くなるので、上記範
囲内のものを用いるのが好ましい。It is preferable to use those polyolefin resins having a melt flow index (MI) of 0.3 to 1.5 g / 10 minutes. Melt flow index 0.3g / 1
If the time is less than 0 minutes, the processability of the film deteriorates, and 1.5 g /
If the time exceeds 10 minutes, the strength of the film is weakened.
【００２９】ベース樹脂の組み合わせとしては、本発明
の課題を解決する範囲内において上記に挙げた各種の樹
脂を組み合わせることが可能である。好ましくは、表面
層及び裏面層に、低密度ポリエチレン樹脂を用いること
であり、黒色層にエチレン酢酸ビニル共重合樹脂又は密
度0.915g/cm3以下の低密度ポリエチレン樹脂を用いるこ
とである。表面層及び裏面層は外部と接するため耐候
性、耐熱性に優れた低密度ポリエチレンを用いることが
好ましく、黒色層には、エチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体又
は密度0.915g/cm3以下の低密度ポリエチレン樹脂を用い
ると、フィルムの柔軟性が改良され頻繁に開閉作業を行
う遮光材の作業性を大幅に高めることができ、好まし
い。As the combination of the base resins, it is possible to combine the above-mentioned various resins within a range that solves the problem of the present invention. Preferably, a low-density polyethylene resin is used for the surface layer and the back surface layer, and an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin or a low-density polyethylene resin having a density of 0.915 g / cm 3 or less is used for the black layer. For the surface layer and the back layer, it is preferable to use a low-density polyethylene having excellent weather resistance and heat resistance to be in contact with the outside.For the black layer, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or a low-density polyethylene having a density of 0.915 g / cm 3 or less is used. The use of a resin is preferable because the flexibility of the film is improved and the workability of the light-shielding material that frequently opens and closes can be greatly improved.
【００３０】本発明の農業用フィルムの厚みは、75〜13
0μmに製造することが好ましく、より好ましくは90〜11
0μmである。75μm未満であると、フィルムの強度及び
耐候性が不足となり、130μmを越えると、フィルムが重
く、硬くなり作業性が低下し、またコスト的にも好まし
くない。The thickness of the agricultural film of the present invention is from 75 to 13
It is preferably manufactured to 0 μm, more preferably 90 to 11
0 μm. If it is less than 75 μm, the strength and weather resistance of the film will be insufficient, and if it exceeds 130 μm, the film will be heavy and hard, and workability will be reduced, and cost will be unfavorable.
【００３１】また表面層及び裏面層は各々10μm以下で
あると、充填剤を添加した際に、フィルムの厚みに偏り
が生じてしまうため好ましくなく、また、40μm以上で
あると、コストアップになるので、10〜40μmの範囲内
で製造することが、耐久性及びコスト的に好ましい。If the surface layer and the backside layer each have a thickness of 10 μm or less, the thickness of the film becomes uneven when a filler is added, and it is not preferable. If the thickness is 40 μm or more, the cost increases. Therefore, it is preferable to manufacture it within the range of 10 to 40 μm in terms of durability and cost.
【００３２】本発明の農業用フィルムは、例えば次のよ
うな方法によって製造できる。各層のベース樹脂となる
ポリオレフィン系樹脂に、表面層、黒色層、裏面層の各
層に充填する酸化チタン、カーボンブラック、アルミニ
ウム粉末等の充填剤をバンバリーミキサー等により、高
濃度（30〜60％）に混練し、マスターバッチを製造す
る。次にインフレーション成形法、押出Ｔダイフィルム
成形法などの通常の成形法によって、３層のフィルムを
成形することができる。The agricultural film of the present invention can be produced, for example, by the following method. High concentration (30-60%) of polyolefin resin, which is the base resin of each layer, with fillers such as titanium oxide, carbon black, and aluminum powder to be filled in each layer of the front layer, black layer, and back layer using a Banbury mixer To produce a master batch. Next, a three-layer film can be formed by a usual forming method such as an inflation forming method or an extruded T-die film forming method.
【００３３】全層を共押出法によって製造することも好
ましいが、表面層、黒色層、裏面層の各層の間に接着剤
層を設けることも可能である。Although it is preferable to manufacture all layers by a co-extrusion method, it is also possible to provide an adhesive layer between each of the surface layer, the black layer, and the back layer.
【００３４】[0034]
【実施例】本発明の実施例について説明する。かかる実
施例によって本発明が限定されるものではない。An embodiment of the present invention will be described. The present invention is not limited by such embodiments.
【００３５】実施例１本発明のフィルムの製造 表面層及び裏面層のベース樹脂は低密度ポリエチレン樹
脂（MI＝1.0g/10分）であり、黒色層のベース樹脂はエ
チレン酢酸ビニル共重合体樹脂（MI＝1.5g/10分）であ
り、各層のベース樹脂に、下記表１に示した配合で充填
剤を混入した。裏面層に混入したアルミニウム粉末は平
均粒径が7.6μmのものを用いた。表面層及び裏面層には
旭電化工業（株）のヒンダードアミン系耐候性安定剤
「アデカスタブLA68」を0.7％添加した。３層のフィル
ムをインフレーション共押出法により製造した。フィル
ム全体の厚さは100μmであった。また、得られたフィル
ム全体の可視光線の平均遮光率及び表裏面層の平均反射
率は表１に示す通りである。Example 1 Production of Film of the Present Invention The base resin of the front and back layers was a low density polyethylene resin (MI = 1.0 g / 10 min), and the base resin of the black layer was an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin. (MI = 1.5 g / 10 min), and a filler was mixed into the base resin of each layer in the composition shown in Table 1 below. Aluminum powder having an average particle size of 7.6 μm was used as the aluminum powder mixed in the back layer. To the surface layer and the back layer, 0.7% of a hindered amine-based weather resistance stabilizer "ADK STAB LA68" manufactured by Asahi Denka Kogyo KK was added. Three layers of film were produced by inflation coextrusion. The total thickness of the film was 100 μm. Table 1 shows the average visible light blocking ratio of the entire film and the average reflectance of the front and back layers.
【００３６】比較のフィルムの製造 比較１のフィルム：裏面層に混入したアルミニウム粉末
を1.9g/m2に増加した他は、実施例１と同様に製造し
た。 比較２のフィルム：表面層に混入した酸化チタン粉末を
7.5g/m2に増加した他は、実施例１と同様に製造した。 比較３のフィルム：裏面層を設けない他は、実施例１と
同様に製造した。 比較４のフィルム：黒色層を設けずに、表面層に混入し
た酸化チタン粉末を7.5g/m2に増加し、その他は実施例
１と同様に製造した。 比較５のフィルム：黒色層を設けずに、裏面層に混入し
たアルミニウム粉末を1.5g/m2に増加し、その他は実施
例１と同様に製造した。 比較６のフィルム：黒色層を設けずに、表面層に混入し
た酸化チタンを7.5g/m2に増加し、更に裏面層に混入し
たアルミニウム粉末を3.2g/m2に増加した他は、実施例
１と同様に製造した。 上記のようにして得られた本発明及び比較のフィルムに
ついて、初期引張強伸度を以下の方法で測定し、更に耐
候性について試験を行った。その結果を表２に示す。
尚、比較３のフィルムについての耐候性は、表面層を外
側にした場合のみ実施した。Preparation of Comparative Film Film of Comparative Example 1 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of aluminum powder mixed into the back layer was increased to 1.9 g / m 2 . Comparative 2 Film: Titanium oxide powder mixed in surface layer
Except having increased to 7.5 g / m 2 , it was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1. Film of Comparative 3: Produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the back layer was not provided. Film of Comparative Example 4: Produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the black oxide layer was not provided, and the amount of titanium oxide powder mixed into the surface layer was increased to 7.5 g / m 2 . Film of Comparative 5: Production was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the black powder was not provided and the amount of aluminum powder mixed into the back layer was increased to 1.5 g / m 2 . Film of Comparative 6: Performed except that the titanium oxide mixed in the front layer was increased to 7.5 g / m 2 and the aluminum powder mixed in the back layer was increased to 3.2 g / m 2 without providing the black layer. Produced as in Example 1. The initial tensile strength and elongation of the film of the present invention and the comparative film obtained as described above were measured by the following method, and further, a test was conducted for weather resistance. Table 2 shows the results.
In addition, the weather resistance of the film of Comparative Example 3 was performed only when the surface layer was on the outside.
【００３７】初期引張強伸度の測定法 JIS K-6781により定められている農業用ポリエチレンフ
ィルムの引張強伸度の測定法に準じた。耐候性試験 巾100cm、高さ80cm、長さ5mのトンネルを東西方向に設
け、このトンネルにフィルムを密閉状態に展張し、南面
側のフィルムを定期的に部分的に切り取って、サンプリ
ングし、フィルム横方向の残存伸びを測定した。フィル
ムは表面層を外側（太陽光に曝露する）にする場合と裏
面層を外側にする場合の両方を実施した。残存伸びが20
0％になるまでの日数を測定し、これを耐候性良否の判
断基準とし、耐候性寿命（日）とした。伸びの測定方法
は、JIS K-6781に拠る。尚、耐候性試験は、みかど化工
（株）試験圃場（千葉県市原市）で、平成5年5月10日よ
り開始した。 Measuring method of initial tensile strength and elongation The measurement method of tensile strength and elongation of polyethylene films for agricultural use specified by JIS K-6781 was used. Weather resistance test A tunnel with a width of 100 cm, a height of 80 cm and a length of 5 m is provided in the east-west direction, the film is stretched in this tunnel in a sealed state, and the film on the south side is periodically cut out partially, sampled, and filmed. The residual elongation in the transverse direction was measured. The film had both a front layer outside (exposed to sunlight) and a back layer outside. 20 remaining elongation
The number of days required to reach 0% was measured, and this was used as a criterion for determining whether the weather resistance was good or not, and was defined as the weather resistance life (days). The measuring method of elongation is based on JIS K-6781. The weathering test was started on May 10, 1993 in the experimental field of Mikado Chemical Co., Ltd. (Ichihara City, Chiba Prefecture).
【００３８】[0038]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００３９】[0039]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００４０】表２より、本発明のフィルムが初期引張強
伸度及び耐候性に優れたフィルムであることは明らかで
ある。比較１フィルムの裏面層、比較２フィルムの表面
層、比較４フィルムの表面層、比較５フィルムの裏面層
及び比較６フィルムの両面層のように充填剤の添加量が
多いフィルムでは、初期引張強伸度が弱く、耐候性寿命
も短いフィルムであり、遮光保温用カーテン部材として
適切な農業用フィルムとはいえない。From Table 2, it is clear that the film of the present invention is excellent in the initial tensile strength and elongation and the weather resistance. Films with a large amount of filler added, such as the back layer of Comparative 1 film, the surface layer of Comparative 2 film, the surface layer of Comparative 4 film, the back layer of Comparative 5 film and the double-sided layer of Comparative 6 film, have an initial tensile strength. It is a film having low elongation and short weathering life, and cannot be said to be an agricultural film suitable as a light-shielding and heat-insulating curtain member.
【００４１】実施例２ 実施例１において用いた本発明フィルム、比較１〜６の
フィルム及び市販シルバー農ビフィルム（100μm、可視
光線の遮光率99.9％、可視光線の平均反射率33％）を、
ハウス内カーテンとして展着したハウスについて、３年
間に渡って使用し、観察した。Example 2 The film of the present invention used in Example 1, the films of Comparative Examples 1 to 6 and a commercially available silver agricultural film (100 μm, 99.9% of visible light shielding ratio, average reflectance of visible light of 33%) were
The house displayed as a curtain in the house was used for three years and observed.
【００４２】ハウス用フィルムとしては、みかど化工
（株）製のスーパーソーラー（商品名）を使用した。鹿
児島県下でのポインセチヤ鉢栽培で実施した。ポインセ
チヤの葉色を赤く発色させ秋から冬に出荷するには、７
月末の盛夏高温時からカーテン開閉により、短日処理を
行う。この場合のカーテン密閉時に太陽光が入射（肉眼
で感じるレベル）したり、内部気温が上昇（約35℃以
上）すると発色や植物体成育が不良となる。また11月以
降の栽培では、夜間保温用にカーテンを密閉使用する。A super solar (trade name) manufactured by Mikado Kako Co., Ltd. was used as a film for a house. Poinsettia pot cultivation in Kagoshima Prefecture was carried out. To make poinsettia leaf color red and ship it from autumn to winter, 7
Short day processing is performed by opening and closing the curtain from the high temperature of the summer at the end of the month. In this case, when sunlight enters (the level which is perceived by the naked eye) when the curtain is closed, or when the internal temperature rises (about 35 ° C. or more), color development and plant growth become poor. For cultivation in and after November, curtains are used tightly to keep warm at night.
【００４３】観察の結果、本発明フィルムは植物の育成
及び短日処理に関して、全く遜色なく使用できた。フィ
ルム耐久性については、３年間に渡る使用（現在も使用
中）でも、破れはなく大変良好である。As a result of the observation, the film of the present invention could be used without any inconvenience with respect to plant growth and short-day treatment. Regarding the durability of the film, even after use for three years (currently being used), the film is not broken and very good.
【００４４】本発明フィルムは、日中はハウス内を過度
に高温にさせない効果があり、夜間等の低温時でも保温
効果があるため、遮光を必要とする植物等のハウス又は
トンネル栽培における遮光保温用カーテン部材として適
切な農業用フィルムであるといえる。The film of the present invention has the effect of preventing the inside of the house from being excessively heated during the daytime and has the effect of keeping the heat even at a low temperature such as at night. It can be said that it is an agricultural film suitable as a curtain member for agriculture.
【００４５】それに対して、比較４及び５のフィルムで
は十分な遮光率が得られず、遮光保温用カーテン部材と
しては、不適当であった。比較３フィルムでは、日中の
高温時に、天井またはサイド部に収納されていたフィル
ムに蓄積された太陽熱が、ハウス内側になる黒色層から
フィルム内部に放熱され、日中の密閉時にハウス内の気
温が過度に高くなってしまい、また夜間の低温時には保
温性が低くなってしまい、これも不適当なフィルムであ
った。On the other hand, the films of Comparative Examples 4 and 5 did not provide a sufficient light-shielding rate, and were unsuitable as a light-shielding and heat-insulating curtain member. In the comparative 3 film, when the temperature is high in the daytime, the solar heat accumulated in the film stored in the ceiling or the side portion is radiated to the inside of the film from the black layer inside the house, and the air temperature in the house at the time of sealing in the daytime Was excessively high, and the heat retention was low at low temperatures at night, which was also an unsuitable film.
【００４６】また、耐久性については、充填剤の添加量
を多くし、可視光線の平均反射率を高めることにより遮
光率を高めたフィルム（特に比較６フィルム）では、本
発明に比べかなり劣る結果となり、２年から２年半の間
に破損した。また市販農ビフィルムは、２年目に破損
し、耐久性の点で、全く不適当なフィルムである。Regarding durability, a film in which the amount of filler added was increased and the average light-reflectance of visible light was increased to increase the light-shielding ratio (especially Comparative 6 film) was considerably inferior to the present invention. It was damaged between two and two and a half years. A commercial agricultural plastic film is damaged in the second year and is completely unsuitable in terms of durability.
【００４７】カーテンフィルムの耐久性が向上すること
で、フィルム購入費用だけでなく、張替作業の省力化、
節約がはかられる。更にごみの発生減となり、地球環境
への悪影響を減らすことができる。このように耐久性向
上の意味は大変大きく、耐久性が向上した本発明品は優
れたフィルムであるといえる。By improving the durability of the curtain film, not only the cost of purchasing the film but also the labor for re-working can be reduced.
Save money. Furthermore, the generation of garbage is reduced, and the adverse effect on the global environment can be reduced. As described above, the significance of improving the durability is very large, and it can be said that the product of the present invention having improved durability is an excellent film.
【００４８】[0048]
【発明の効果】以上の如く、本発明によれば、フィルム
の耐候性を低下させることなく、フィルムの遮光性を増
加させ、さらに耐久性に優れ、遮光を必要とする植物等
のハウス又はトンネル栽培における遮光保温用カーテン
部材として適切な農業用フィルムを提供することができ
る。As described above, according to the present invention, the light-shielding property of the film is increased without deteriorating the weather resistance of the film, and the house or the tunnel of a plant or the like which is excellent in durability and requires light-shielding is provided. A suitable agricultural film can be provided as a light-shielding and warming curtain member in cultivation.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) B32B 1/00 - 35/00 A01G 9/14 - 9/16 A01G 13/00 - 13/10 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) B32B 1/00-35/00 A01G 9/14-9/16 A01G 13/00-13/10
Claims (3)
３層以上の多層の農業用フィルムにおいて、表面層に酸
化チタンを3〜6g/m2混入し、裏面層にアルミニウムを0.
3〜0.8g/m2混入し、前記表面層と裏面層の間にカーボン
ブラックが1.5〜3.0g/m2混入されている黒色層を有し、
前記表面層を外気側（外側）、裏面層を植物等側（内
側）に配置して、遮光を必要とする植物等のハウス又は
トンネル栽培における遮光保温用カーテン部材として用
いる農業用フィルム。An average light shielding ratio of visible light is 99% or more,
In the agricultural film of three or more layers, the acid on the surface layer
Titanium and 3 to 6 g / m 2 was mixed, 0 aluminum on the back surface layer.
3 to 0.8 g / m 2 mixed, having a black layer in which carbon black is mixed 1.5 to 3.0 g / m 2 between the front surface layer and the back surface layer ,
The surface layer is the outside air side (outside), and the back layer is the plant side (inside).
Agricultural film to be disposed on the side) and used as a curtain member for keeping light and keeping heat in the cultivation of a house or a tunnel of a plant or the like that needs light shielding.
率が20％以上であることを特徴とする請求項１記載の農
業用フィルム。2. The agricultural film according to claim 1, wherein the average reflectance of the back layer for long waves of 5 to 25 μm is 20% or more.
３層以上の多層の農業用フィルムにおいて、表面層及び
裏面層のベース樹脂が低密度ポリエチレン樹脂であり、
黒色層のベース樹脂がエチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体樹脂
又は密度0.915g/cm3以下の低密度ポリエチレン樹脂であ
り、表面層に酸化チタンを3〜6g/m2混入して可視光線の
平均反射率を50〜70％となし、裏面層にアルミニウムを
0.3〜0.8g/m2混入して可視光線の平均反射率を30〜40％
となし、黒色層にカーボンブラックが1.5〜3.0g/m2混入
されていることを特徴とする請求項１又は２記載の農業
用フィルム。3. An average visible light shielding ratio of 99% or more,
In a multilayer agricultural film of three or more layers, the base resin of the front layer and the back layer is a low-density polyethylene resin,
The base resin of the black layer is an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin or a low-density polyethylene resin having a density of 0.915 g / cm 3 or less, and titanium oxide is mixed in the surface layer with 3 to 6 g / m 2 to obtain an average reflectance of visible light. 50-70% and aluminum on the back layer
0.3 to 0.8 g / m 2 contaminating the average reflectance of visible light 30-40%
The agricultural film according to claim 1, wherein carbon black is mixed in the black layer in an amount of 1.5 to 3.0 g / m 2 .
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP08075339A JP3127116B2 (en) | 1996-03-05 | 1996-03-05 | Agricultural film |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP08075339A JP3127116B2 (en) | 1996-03-05 | 1996-03-05 | Agricultural film |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH09239890A JPH09239890A (en) | 1997-09-16 |
| JP3127116B2 true JP3127116B2 (en) | 2001-01-22 |
Family
ID=13573410
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP08075339A Expired - Lifetime JP3127116B2 (en) | 1996-03-05 | 1996-03-05 | Agricultural film |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3127116B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6341085B1 (en) | 1991-11-26 | 2002-01-22 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Storage device employing a flash memory |
| US6347051B2 (en) | 1991-11-26 | 2002-02-12 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Storage device employing a flash memory |
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| JP4504576B2 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2010-07-14 | シーアイ化成株式会社 | Light-shielding polyolefin resin film for agriculture |
| JP4504573B2 (en) * | 2001-01-15 | 2010-07-14 | シーアイ化成株式会社 | Light-shielding polyolefin resin film for agriculture |
| JP4694041B2 (en) * | 2001-06-04 | 2011-06-01 | みかど化工株式会社 | Agricultural coating film |
| JP4895441B2 (en) * | 2001-07-27 | 2012-03-14 | みかど化工株式会社 | Agricultural multi-film |
| JP2006118057A (en) * | 2004-10-19 | 2006-05-11 | Spacio Kk | Heat-shielding sheet and its installation structure |
| JP4749943B2 (en) * | 2006-06-13 | 2011-08-17 | 東罐興業株式会社 | White asparagus cultivation film and cultivation house using it |
| ES2841000T3 (en) * | 2007-11-08 | 2021-07-07 | State Of Israel Ministry Of Agriculture & Rural Development Agricultural Res Organization A R O Volc | Method and system for heating and dehumidifying |
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| US9003698B2 (en) | 2010-02-05 | 2015-04-14 | Ab Ludvig Svensson | Greenhouse screen |
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| CN104115711B (en) * | 2014-06-16 | 2017-01-11 | 长兴德裕新材料有限公司 | Sunlight net having plant growth regulation function |
| KR101643540B1 (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-07-29 | 황창연 | Breathable Laminated Insulation |
| KR102101793B1 (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2020-04-17 | (주)부전 | Fabric for agriculture cultivation |
| EP3932666A4 (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2022-10-19 | Jiangsu Junlin Textile Technology Ltd. | Light-shielding composite film, manufacturing method therefor and use thereof |
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1996
- 1996-03-05 JP JP08075339A patent/JP3127116B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6341085B1 (en) | 1991-11-26 | 2002-01-22 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Storage device employing a flash memory |
| US6347051B2 (en) | 1991-11-26 | 2002-02-12 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Storage device employing a flash memory |
| US6567334B2 (en) | 1991-11-26 | 2003-05-20 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Storage device employing a flash memory |
| US6788609B2 (en) | 1991-11-26 | 2004-09-07 | Renesas Technology Corp. | Storage device employing a flash memory |
| US7715243B2 (en) | 1991-11-26 | 2010-05-11 | S4, Inc. | Storage device employing a flash memory |
| US8031536B2 (en) | 1991-11-26 | 2011-10-04 | S4, Inc. | Storage device employing a flash memory |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH09239890A (en) | 1997-09-16 |
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