JP3005617B2 - Method for stable solidification of incinerated ash and solidified products - Google Patents
Method for stable solidification of incinerated ash and solidified productsInfo
- Publication number
- JP3005617B2 JP3005617B2 JP4215332A JP21533292A JP3005617B2 JP 3005617 B2 JP3005617 B2 JP 3005617B2 JP 4215332 A JP4215332 A JP 4215332A JP 21533292 A JP21533292 A JP 21533292A JP 3005617 B2 JP3005617 B2 JP 3005617B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- incinerated ash
- solidifying
- stabilizing agent
- ash
- cement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Landscapes
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、焼却灰を残存する未燃
焼物とともに有害重金属を封入して固化する方法および
それによって得られる固化生成物に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for encapsulating and solidifying harmful heavy metals together with unburned matter remaining incinerated ash and a solidified product obtained by the method.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来ゴミ処理工場では、再利用できない
ゴミは焼却によりゴミの体積を減容させ、後に残る焼却
灰をそのまま管理型の処分場に捨てるか、あるいは、セ
メントを混ぜて固化するなどして処理している。例え
ば、焼却灰をセメントに混ぜて固化させることで環境へ
の有害物質の溶出を防止する方法は一応の効果はある
が、セメントに過剰の水分を使用するので、その水分の
蒸発によって固化後に毛細管ができ、固化物に水の浸透
性が出て、有害物が溶出する可能性があり、長い期間に
わたっては、溶出が無視できないほどになる場合があ
る。2. Description of the Related Art In a conventional refuse treatment plant, garbage that cannot be reused is reduced in volume by incineration, and the remaining incineration ash is discarded as it is in a managed disposal site, or cement is mixed and solidified. And processing. For example, a method to prevent the release of harmful substances into the environment by mixing incinerated ash with cement and solidifying it has a prima facie effect, but since excess water is used in the cement, the capillary is solidified by the evaporation of the water. Water may be permeable to the solidified matter, and harmful substances may be eluted, and the elution may become nonnegligible over a long period of time.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】焼却後の灰についての
問題点は、灰の中に有害な成分や重金属類や有機質分が
多く含まれている場合である。これらのものは、焼却に
ともなう高熱で分解されなかったものであり、化学的な
処理が困難なことが多い。脱塩素処理で石灰による強ア
ルカリ性を示すため、酸化物として存在している金属や
重金属は水に溶け出すと水酸化物の不溶性塩となるが、
溶出試験を行うと少量であっても溶出して来るので、微
量でも永続的に重金属類の溶出が続くことになる。この
ような有害成分を含む焼却灰をそのまま埋立てなどに用
いると、有害成分が溶出し、環境に悪影響を与えること
から、有害物の重金属を溶出しないような処理を施した
うえで廃棄しなければならない。The problem with ash after incineration is that ash contains a lot of harmful components, heavy metals and organic matter. These substances were not decomposed due to the high heat generated by incineration, and are often difficult to chemically treat. Dechlorination shows strong alkalinity due to lime, so metals and heavy metals present as oxides become insoluble salts of hydroxides when dissolved in water,
When the dissolution test is carried out, even a small amount of the metal is eluted, so that the elution of heavy metals continues even in a very small amount. If incinerated ash containing such harmful components is used as such in landfills, the harmful components elute and have a negative impact on the environment. Must.
【０００４】従って本発明は、一般ゴミ、下水汚泥、産
業廃棄物等を焼却した後に残る未燃焼物、有害な重金属
等を含む焼却灰を残存する未燃焼物とともに有害重金属
を封入して固化する方法およびそれによって得られる固
化生成物の利用を目的とするものである。Accordingly, the present invention encloses and solidifies harmful heavy metals together with unburned ash containing unburned materials, harmful heavy metals, etc. remaining after incineration of general garbage, sewage sludge, industrial waste, etc. together with remaining unburned materials. It is intended to utilize the process and the solidified products obtained thereby.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、有害重金属、
若しくは有機塩を含む焼却灰をセメント（固化剤）に混
入して固化させる際に、当該固化剤と共に、無水炭酸ナ
トリウム、酸化カリウム、窒素、ホウ素、カルシウム等
のガラス形成成分を主成分とする有機物安定処理剤を加
えて固化させることにより環境への有害物質の溶出を防
ぐ方法を提供するものである。本発明は、焼却灰に、セ
メント、ならびに、ケイ酸ナトリウム形成成分として二
酸化ケイ素と無水炭酸ナトリウムを含有する有機物安定
処理剤を添加することを特徴とする焼却灰の安定固化方
法を要旨としている。上記の「有害物質安定処理剤」
は、二酸化ケイ素と無水炭酸ナトリウムとの反応を基礎
としたものであり、無水炭酸ナトリウムと二酸化ケイ素
との化学反応によりケイ酸ナトリウムを生じ粘着剤とな
る。また二酸化炭素はケイ素との化合物をつくり、ケイ
素と炭素との共有結合による非常に安定で高温に耐える
有機ケイ素化合物となる。それゆえ本発明は、上記の方
法により、珪素炭素結合を形成させたことを特徴とする
焼却灰固化生成物を要旨としている。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a hazardous heavy metal,
Alternatively, when incinerated ash containing an organic salt is mixed into a cement (solidifying agent) and solidified, an organic substance mainly composed of glass-forming components such as anhydrous sodium carbonate, potassium oxide, nitrogen, boron, calcium, etc., together with the solidifying agent. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for preventing harmful substances from being eluted into the environment by adding and solidifying a stabilizing agent. The gist of the present invention is to provide a method for stably solidifying incineration ash, which comprises adding cement and an organic material stabilizing agent containing silicon dioxide and anhydrous sodium carbonate as sodium silicate forming components to the incineration ash. The above-mentioned "Hazardous substance stabilizing agent"
Is based on the reaction between silicon dioxide and anhydrous sodium carbonate, and forms sodium silicate by a chemical reaction between anhydrous sodium carbonate and silicon dioxide to become an adhesive. Carbon dioxide also forms a compound with silicon, which is an organic silicon compound that is very stable and can withstand high temperatures due to the covalent bond between silicon and carbon. Therefore, the gist of the present invention is an incinerated ash solidified product characterized by forming a silicon-carbon bond by the above method.
【０００６】さらに無水炭酸ナトリウムは水と反応し
て、水酸化ナトリウムをつくり、水酸化ナトリウムは水
によく溶けて、水酸化物イオンを電離する。ナトリウム
イオンはイオン化傾向も大きいので金属との化学変化も
おこしやすく、水酸化物イオンはアルカリ性で中和反応
をおこし、酸性雨による害を止める役目もする。[0006] Further, anhydrous sodium carbonate reacts with water to form sodium hydroxide, which is well soluble in water and ionizes hydroxide ions. Sodium ions also have a large ionization tendency, so they are liable to undergo chemical changes with metals, and hydroxide ions are alkaline and cause a neutralization reaction, which also serves to stop the damage caused by acid rain.
【０００７】本発明は、焼却灰に、セメント、ならび
に、ガラスの固化成分として二酸化ケイ素、無水炭酸ナ
トリウム、炭酸カルシウムを含有する有機物安定処理剤
を添加することを特徴とする焼却灰の安定固化方法を要
旨としている。また本発明は、焼却灰に、セメント、な
らびに、ガラスの固化成分として二酸化ケイ素、無水炭
酸ナトリウム、炭酸カルシウム、無水ホウ酸を含有する
有機物安定処理剤を添加することを特徴とする焼却灰の
安定固化方法を要旨としている。上記の安定処理剤は、
ＳｉＯ２、Ｎａ２ＣＯ３、ＣａＣＯ３のようなガラスの
固化成分をもち、さらに無水ホウ酸（Ｂ２Ｏ３）を加え
れば硬質ガラス系のものとなるものである。またＣａＣ
Ｏ３、ＳｉＯ２、ＳＯ２、Ａｌ２Ｏ３、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３、Ｍ
ｇＯ等セメントの成分をも含むものである。このセメン
トの成分は２０％ほど加えることにより、一層の造岩作
用の働きを強め、岩石の主成分であるＨ２ＳｉＯ３＋Ｓ
ｉＯ２を長い年月をかけてつくりあげるものである。The present invention provides a method for stably solidifying incinerated ash, which comprises adding an organic material stabilizing agent containing silicon dioxide, anhydrous sodium carbonate and calcium carbonate as solidifying components to cement and glass to the incinerated ash. The main point is. Further, the present invention provides a method for stabilizing incinerated ash, comprising adding an organic material stabilizing agent containing silicon dioxide, anhydrous sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, and boric anhydride as solidifying components of cement and glass to the incinerated ash. The gist is a solidification method. The above stabilizing agent,
It has a solidifying component of glass such as SiO 2 , Na 2 CO 3 , and CaCO 3 , and becomes hard glass-based if boric anhydride (B 2 O 3 ) is further added. Also CaC
O 3 , SiO 2 , SO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , M
It also contains components of cement such as gO. By adding about 20% of this cement component, the function of rock formation is further strengthened, and H 2 SiO 3 + S, which is a main component of rock, is used.
the iO 2 is intended to forge over the years.
【０００８】上記の安定処理剤は、キレート作用による
安定固化反応を含んでいる。一般に金属キレート化合物
は対応する単純錯体より安定度が高いことが知られてお
り、キレート効果は通常のキレート試薬を用いると高め
られる。すなわち本発明は、焼却灰にセメントと共にエ
トリンガイトの作用による固化のみではなく、キレート
作用による安定固化のため、ナトリウム、カリウム、窒
素、ホウ素、カルシウム等をイオン状態で含有する有害
物安定固化剤を添加することを特徴とする焼却灰の安定
固化方法である。The above stabilizing agent contains a stable solidification reaction by a chelating action. It is generally known that metal chelate compounds have higher stability than the corresponding simple complex, and the chelating effect can be enhanced by using a normal chelating reagent. That is, the present invention adds not only the solidification by the action of ettringite to the incinerated ash together with cement but also a harmful substance stabilizing agent containing sodium, potassium, nitrogen, boron, calcium, etc. in an ionic state for stable solidification by the chelating action. This is a stable solidification method for incinerated ash.
【０００９】灰に含まれる有害物の薬品処理方法では、
どのような処理方法であっても灰と薬品の混合、攪拌効
率が一番の問題となるため、処理対象物に見合った混合
方法、処理時間についてテストを繰り返し、焼却灰粒子
の無機質成分は固化に必要な石灰分（ＣａＯ）、珪酸分
（ＳｉＯ２）、アルミナ分（Ａｌ２Ｏ３）、鉄分（Ｆｅ
２Ｏ３）、硫酸根（−ＳＯ４）等の化合物と水と反応し
て水和物を生成し、液性イオン濃度の変化に応じてイオ
ン荷電が修正され沈積が始まる。[0009] In the chemical treatment method of harmful substances contained in ash,
Regardless of the treatment method, mixing and mixing efficiency of ash and chemicals is the most important issue, so the test was repeated for the mixing method and treatment time appropriate for the object to be treated, and the inorganic components of the incinerated ash particles were solidified. (CaO), silicate (SiO 2 ), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), iron (Fe
Compounds such as 2 O 3 ) and sulfate (—SO 4 ) react with water to form hydrates, and the ionic charge is corrected according to the change in the liquid ion concentration, and deposition starts.
【００１０】焼却灰内の液層、気層、さらに有機質の硬
化に対する最大の阻害要因は、セメントの水硬性鉱物が
加水分解によって生ずるカルシウムイオンといち早く反
応して不溶性又は可溶解性の化合物を形成する点にあ
る。例えば不溶性塩を形成する場合は、その生成物がセ
メント粒子の表面を被覆して以後の反応を進まなくする
作用、又可溶性塩の場合は次々に反応して溶液として水
和反応の系外に持ち去ってしまう作用である。いずれに
しても、このように水和反応の主体であるべきカルシウ
ムイオンが他の反応系に持ち去られたのでは、水和反応
の化学バランスが崩れる。依って本発明の安定カルシウ
ム処理剤を混合することにより、液相が石灰含有量を増
大し、アルカリ性の組成となること、さらには急速な水
和反応によって水和阻止効果の及ぶ前に固化を達成する
組成とすることで、アルミン酸石灰水和物の水和反応を
促進しエトリンガイト（３ＣａＯＡｌ２Ｏ３・３ＣａＳ
Ｏ４・３２Ｈ２Ｏ）の生成をより多くするもので、これ
ら複塩は重金属を含む有害物を固定し、溶出させない状
態にするものである。[0010] The greatest impediment to the hardening of the liquid layer, gas phase, and organic matter in the incineration ash is that the hydraulic mineral of cement reacts quickly with calcium ions generated by hydrolysis to form insoluble or soluble compounds. Is to do. For example, when forming an insoluble salt, the product coats the surface of the cement particles to prevent the subsequent reaction from proceeding.In the case of a soluble salt, the product reacts one after another to form a solution outside the hydration reaction system. This is the effect of taking away. In any case, if the calcium ions, which should be the main component of the hydration reaction, are carried away to another reaction system, the chemical balance of the hydration reaction is lost. Therefore, by mixing the stable calcium treating agent of the present invention, the liquid phase increases the lime content and becomes an alkaline composition, and furthermore, the solidification before the hydration inhibiting effect is exerted by the rapid hydration reaction. By setting the composition to be achieved, the hydration reaction of aluminate lime hydrate is promoted, and ettringite (3CaOAl 2 O 3 .3CaS
O 4 · 32H 2 O), and these double salts fix harmful substances including heavy metals and keep them from being eluted.
【００１１】[0011]
【実施例】以下に本発明の実施例を示すが、これらの実
施例は単に本発明の理解を助けるための手段に過ぎず、
これらの実施例によって本発明が何等限定されるもので
ないことは当然理解されなければならないところであ
る。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described below, but these embodiments are merely means for assisting understanding of the present invention.
It should be understood that these examples do not limit the invention in any way.
【００１２】（実施例１） 安定処理剤の主原料として二酸化ケイ素（ＳｉＯ2）２.
１％、酸化カルシウム（ＣａＯ）３.２％、無水炭酸ナ
トリウム（Ｎａ2ＣＯ3）７.３％、酸化アルミニウム
（Ａｌ2Ｏ3）１.７％、無水ホウ酸（Ｂ2Ｏ3）１.３％、
酸化カリウム（Ｋ2Ｏ）８２.１％、副原料としてアンモ
ニウム塩（ＮＨ3）１.０％、食塩（ＮａＣｌ）１.０
％、コバルト（Ｃｏ）Ｏ.３％、鉄（Ｆｅ）０.１％から
なる添加剤を使用した。大阪市ゴミ焼却場より出された
焼却灰８６.２％に、ポルトランドセメント１０.６％、
本発明の安定処理剤１.６％を混練したものについて溶
出試験を行った。溶出試験は、カドミウム、シアン、有
機りん、鉛、六価クロム、ひ素、アルキル水銀、ＰＣＢ
について行った。この試験の結果、シアン、有機りん、
六価クロム、アルキル水銀、ＰＣＢについては検出され
ず、鉛は０．５ｍｇ／ｌ未満、カドミウム及びひ素は
０．０５ｍｇ／１未満、全水銀は０．０００５ｍｇ／ｌ
といずれも有害物の判定基準に達しない値であった。(Example 1) Silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) 2.
1%, calcium oxide (CaO) 3.2%, anhydrous sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) 7.3%, aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) 1.7%, boric anhydride (B 2 O 3 ) 1 .3%
82.1 % of potassium oxide (K 2 O), 1.0% of ammonium salt (NH 3 ) as auxiliary material, 1.0% of salt (NaCl)
%, Cobalt (Co) 0.3%, and iron (Fe) 0.1%. 86.2% of incinerated ash from Osaka City garbage incineration plant, 10.6% of Portland cement,
A dissolution test was conducted on a mixture obtained by kneading 1.6% of the stabilizing agent of the present invention. The dissolution test is cadmium, cyanide, organic phosphorus, lead, hexavalent chromium, arsenic, alkylmercury, PCB
I went about. As a result of this test, cyanide, organic phosphorus,
Hexavalent chromium, alkylmercury, and PCB were not detected. Lead was less than 0.5 mg / l, cadmium and arsenic was less than 0.05 mg / 1, and total mercury was 0.0005 mg / l.
And both values did not reach the criteria for harmful substances.
【００１３】（実施例２） 焼却灰１ｍ３をコンクリート混練機に投入し、回転させ
ながらセメント２００Ｋｇを入れて５分間攪はんする。
その後、本発明の安定処理剤を水で１０倍に希釈して１
９８リットルを投入し、１０分間混練した後、圧送ポン
プにて廃棄場所へ送り出して固化させた。[0013] (Example 2) Incineration ash 1 m 3 was charged into a concrete mixer, contrary攪5 minutes put the cement 200Kg while rotating.
Thereafter, the stabilizing agent of the present invention is diluted 10 times with water to obtain 1
After 98 liters were charged and kneaded for 10 minutes, the mixture was sent out to a disposal place by a pressure pump and solidified.
【００１４】[0014]
【発明の効果】本発明の安定処理剤を用いて焼却灰を固
化させることによってこれまで困難とされてきた焼却灰
に含まれている有害物質が漏出することを防止すること
ができる。また本発明による使用した焼却灰の固化生成
物の圧縮強度はポルトランドセメント及び安定化処理剤
の比率を調整することにより任意に変えることができ
る。By solidifying the incineration ash using the stabilizing agent of the present invention, it is possible to prevent harmful substances contained in the incineration ash, which have been considered difficult, from leaking out. Further, the compressive strength of the solidified product of the incinerated ash used according to the present invention can be arbitrarily changed by adjusting the ratio of the portland cement and the stabilizing agent.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 平４−35781（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭55−44316（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭61−32000（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平２−203981（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭61−133186（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平１−90082（ＪＰ，Ａ) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) B09B 3/00 A62D 3/00 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-4-35781 (JP, A) JP-A-55-44316 (JP, A) JP-A-61-32000 (JP, A) JP-A-2-3 203981 (JP, A) JP-A-61-133186 (JP, A) JP-A-1-90082 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) B09B 3/00 A62D 3 / 00
Claims (5)
ナトリウム形成成分として二酸化ケイ素と無水炭酸ナト
リウムを含有する有害物質安定処理剤を添加することを
特徴とする焼却灰の安定固化方法。1. A method for stably solidifying incinerated ash, comprising adding cement and a harmful substance stabilizing agent containing silicon dioxide and anhydrous sodium carbonate as sodium silicate forming components to the incinerated ash.
として二酸化ケイ素、無水炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カルシ
ウムを含有する請求項１の焼却灰の安定固化方法。2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the stabilizing agent contains silicon dioxide, anhydrous sodium carbonate, and calcium carbonate as glass solidifying components.
水ホウ酸を含有する請求項２の焼却灰の安定固化方法。3. The method for stably solidifying incinerated ash according to claim 2, further comprising boric anhydride as a solidifying component of said glass.
る安定固化作用を有している請求項１、２または３の焼
却灰の安定固化方法。4. The method for stably solidifying incinerated ash according to claim 1, wherein said stabilizing agent has a stable solidifying action by a chelating effect.
られた珪素炭素結合を形成させたことを特徴とする焼却
灰固化生成物。5. An incinerated ash solidified product obtained by forming a silicon-carbon bond obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4215332A JP3005617B2 (en) | 1992-07-06 | 1992-07-06 | Method for stable solidification of incinerated ash and solidified products |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4215332A JP3005617B2 (en) | 1992-07-06 | 1992-07-06 | Method for stable solidification of incinerated ash and solidified products |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0615248A JPH0615248A (en) | 1994-01-25 |
| JP3005617B2 true JP3005617B2 (en) | 2000-01-31 |
Family
ID=16670546
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4215332A Expired - Fee Related JP3005617B2 (en) | 1992-07-06 | 1992-07-06 | Method for stable solidification of incinerated ash and solidified products |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3005617B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6717938B1 (en) | 1999-04-15 | 2004-04-06 | J2 Global Communications, Inc. | System controlling use of a communication channel |
| CN107191943B (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2019-03-29 | 韶关东江环保再生资源发展有限公司 | Incineration disposal draff processing method |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5544316A (en) * | 1978-09-25 | 1980-03-28 | Tokuyama Soda Co Ltd | Treating method of incineration ash |
| JPS6132000A (en) * | 1984-07-25 | 1986-02-14 | 九州電力株式会社 | Method of solidifying and treating incinerating ash |
| JPH0435781A (en) * | 1990-05-31 | 1992-02-06 | Tadao Moriya | Surface treatment of contaminated harmful metal in industrial waste and method for solidifying the same by cement |
-
1992
- 1992-07-06 JP JP4215332A patent/JP3005617B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0615248A (en) | 1994-01-25 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN112374711A (en) | Sludge curing agent based on industrial waste residues and application method thereof | |
| EP0853602B1 (en) | Hazardous waste treatment | |
| JP2003117532A (en) | Solidifying material and solidifying method for suppressing elution of heavy metal | |
| JP3274376B2 (en) | Agglomerating agent for mud, solidifying agent using it | |
| JP3005617B2 (en) | Method for stable solidification of incinerated ash and solidified products | |
| JPH09299905A (en) | Harmful waste treating agent and its treatment | |
| JP3213054B2 (en) | Treatment method for incinerated ash containing heavy metals | |
| JP3685553B2 (en) | Stabilized incineration ash-based solidification material | |
| JPH11244815A (en) | Contaminated metal fixing and stabilizing agent and its treatment | |
| JP2004008854A (en) | Insolubilization method of heavy metal or the like in polluted soil | |
| JP3920937B2 (en) | Manufacturing method and stabilizing agent of cement soil improvement agent for incineration ash | |
| JP3818446B2 (en) | Heavy metal fixing agent | |
| JP5077777B2 (en) | Elution reduction material and elution reduction treatment method | |
| JP3507157B2 (en) | Incineration ash solidification equipment | |
| JP2004105783A (en) | Solidification material and solidification method for soil | |
| JP3013463U (en) | Roadbed | |
| JPH07265838A (en) | Method for stabilizing and solidifying incineration ash and solidified product | |
| JPH11207291A (en) | Solidifying agent for incineration residue and residue solidifying method | |
| JP2000325916A (en) | Method for stabilizing heavy metal-containing ash | |
| Wang et al. | Green and Sustainable Stabilization/Solidification | |
| JPH0975897A (en) | Method for solidifying metal in waste | |
| JP3002957U (en) | Incineration ash solidification treatment plant | |
| JPH09309749A (en) | Incinerator ash solidifier and solidified composition | |
| Wang et al. | 15 Green and Sustainable | |
| JPH1199370A (en) | Treating agent for heavy metal-containing waste and stabilizing method of heavy metal-containing waste |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 19980407 |
|
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 19990824 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20071126 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20081126 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |