JP2914198B2 - Coking furnace coal charging method and apparatus - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a coke oven in which coking coal containing water is charged into a carbonization chamber of a coke oven furnace, and then coal or coke having no softening and melting properties is charged thereon. The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for charging coal.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a coke oven furnace, a heat storage chamber is provided at a lower portion of a furnace body, and a combustion chamber and a carbonization chamber are alternately arranged at an upper portion thereof. Fuel gas and air (in the case of rich gas, only air) are preheated in a heat storage chamber, burned in a combustion chamber, recovered in an adjacent heat storage chamber, and then discharged into the atmosphere via a flue. The raw coal charged into the coking chamber is heated and carbonized from both sides of the coal bed through the furnace walls from the combustion chambers on both sides to coke. In recent years, in the production of coke by a coke oven furnace, it has been required to improve the quality of product coke while improving the carbonization efficiency and extending the life of the furnace body. Is underway. However, improvement of the carbonization efficiency in a coke oven and extension of the life of the furnace body are conflicting requirements, and it is difficult to achieve both.

For example, in the preheating coal charging method, in order to improve the carbonization efficiency, the charging coal is dried and preheated to 170 to 250 ° C. to reduce the total moisture usually contained in 8 to 10% to 2% or less. To increase the coke oven productivity by shortening the time required for carbonization, improve the bulk density of the charge, improve the cokeability by increasing the width of the softened and molten layer of coal during carbonization, and adopt an efficient drying preheater. As a result, the amount of heat required for total dry distillation can be reduced, and the amount of generated water can be reduced, thereby reducing the cost of water treatment. However, on the other hand, large expansion pressure is applied to the furnace wall during carbonization due to the improvement of the bulk density of the charged coal, which may not only damage the furnace wall, but also enormous capital investment for drying and preheating the charged coal. There is a problem that requires. For this reason, the preheated charcoal charging method has not been widely used, and has only been adopted in some coke plants.

[0004] As another measure for improving the carbonization efficiency, a method of improving the heat transfer property by thinning the furnace wall brick has been partially put into practical use, but this may impair the robustness of the furnace body. Therefore, it cannot always be adopted. In addition, as a measure to extend the life of the furnace body, repair technology has been advanced in recent years and has achieved great effects, but this is the repair of a damaged furnace body,
Post-processing technology. In order to extend the life of the furnace, it is conceivable to operate the furnace at a reduced furnace temperature, but this is inconsistent with improving the carbonization efficiency because it lowers productivity. Accordingly, it has been extremely difficult to achieve a stable improvement in coke quality while achieving both a high carbonization efficiency and a long life of the furnace body.

[0005] In order to solve the above problem, a heat-resistant metal or ceramic passage is formed from the center of the raw coal bed charged into the carbonization chamber to the outside of the raw coal bed, and through this passage, the undistilled portion is formed. (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 1-186686), a method of leveling the upper surface of a raw coal charged into a carbonization chamber, and then opening a hole through a coal charging port provided on a furnace. Is inserted into a raw coal layer, and a drawn-out hole is formed in the raw coal layer in advance so as to communicate with the space above the carbonization chamber, followed by heating (JP-A-2-145687). JP-A-1-198686, JP-A-2-2-1
The method disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 45687 discloses that when carbonizing raw coal containing water, steam generated in a coal bed at an early stage of carbonization, which reduces carbonization efficiency, is supplied to a furnace wall through a metal or ceramic passage. By directing to the upper space through the side or through the bleed hole, shortening of carbonization time, improvement of coke quality, and reduction of variation are prevented, and gas pressure including water vapor in the coal seam does not increase. It is possible to extend the life of the furnace without excessive load.

However, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1-186686,
In the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-145687, it is necessary to provide a passage for discharging steam or to newly install equipment for forming a bleed hole, which requires a large capital investment. Become. Further, in these methods, since the number of coal loading ports is limited to 4 to 5 places, the position of the bleed hole of the metal or ceramic passage is limited to the vicinity of the location of the coal loading port. Also have limitations. Furthermore, recently, a humidified coal charging method of adjusting the water content of coking coal to about 6%, and then charging it into a carbonization chamber to dry distillation has been put into practical use. JP-A-2-145687
Even when the opening member is inserted into the raw coal seam to open the bleed hole as in the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. H10-284, a part of the coal layer collapses when the opening member is pulled out, and the bleed hole is stably opened. Difficult to drill.

The inventors of the present invention disclose a method for dry-drying coal by charging coking coal containing water into a coke oven furnace, after charging the coking coal and further having no softening and melting properties thereon. By charging coal and coke (hereinafter referred to as auxiliary raw material) and carbonizing, a coke layer and a softened molten layer are formed at the side of the carbonization chamber, but the auxiliary raw material is softened and melted at the upper part of the carbonization chamber. Since no softened molten layer is formed, steam generated in the early stage of carbonization passes through the softened molten layer and coke layer formed on the furnace wall side and does not flow to the upper space along the furnace wall, and the auxiliary raw material layer To the upper space of the carbonization chamber, and as a result, heat is not removed from the high-temperature coke layer and the furnace wall, so that carbonization is promoted, and expansion pressure does not act on the furnace wall. And carbonization efficiency by charging auxiliary materials And effects, it is possible to more than enough exhibit stable effect of improving the coke quality, also investigation that may inhibit damage to the furnace wall has already filed a patent application No. Hei 6-37985.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The aforementioned Japanese Patent Application No. Hei 6-379.
In the method of No. 85, the charging port of a normal coke oven is 4 to 5
In this case, the raw coal charged into the furnace forms a mountain shape having a peak just below the coal charging port in the coking chamber according to the angle of repose in the coking chamber. On the other hand, auxiliary materials to be charged on coking coal are:
It is desirable to charge with a uniform thickness as close as possible to 10 cm. However, the higher the coking coal moisture, the larger the angle of repose, and the level difference between immediately below the coal mouth and between the coal mouth and the coal mouth increases. There was a disadvantage that the charging thickness of the auxiliary material between the coal mouth and the coal mouth was increased.

An object of the present invention is to eliminate the drawbacks of the method of Japanese Patent Application No. Hei 6-37985 and to charge coking coal into a coking chamber, and then charge auxiliary raw materials thereon with a thickness as uniform as possible. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for charging coal.

[0010]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors have intensively studied and studied to achieve the above object. As a result, an auxiliary hopper for auxiliary raw materials that shares a charging chute is provided on the side of the coal feeding hopper of the coal-carrying car, a dispersion plate is installed on the leveler of the extruder, and when the raw coal is charged into the carbonization chamber, the extrusion is performed. By placing the dispersion plate installed on the leveler of the machine just below the coal filling port and then charging, the level difference between immediately below the coal charging port and between the coal charging port and the coal charging port is reduced, and after charging the raw coal Immediately, it was determined that the auxiliary raw material could be charged with a uniform thickness in the upper portion, and the present invention was reached.

That is, the present invention provides a method of charging a coke oven in which coking coal containing water is charged into a coking chamber of a coke oven furnace, and then auxiliary materials are charged thereon. After charging the raw material coal allowed position dispersion plate disposed in leveler, dry by charging an auxiliary raw material
Water vapor generated in the early stage of distillation easily flows into the upper space of the carbonization chamber
A Sosumi method coke oven, characterized in that to.

Further, in a coking furnace charging apparatus for charging coking coal containing water into a coking chamber of a coke oven furnace, and then charging auxiliary coking coal on the coking coal, the coking coal of the coking car is supplied. An auxiliary hopper for auxiliary raw materials that shares a charging chute on a side portion of a hopper, and a dispersing plate corresponding to each charging port is provided on a leveler of an extruder. .

[0013]

According to the present invention, the dispersing plate disposed on the leveler is positioned immediately below each coal filling port, and after the coking coal is charged, the auxiliary raw material is charged, whereby the raw material falling from each coal charging port is dropped. Since part of the coal collides with the dispersion plate and changes its direction and scatters in the furnace length direction, the coking coal is charged almost uniformly in the furnace length direction, and is placed just below the coal charging port when charging the coking coal. reduces the level difference between the intermediate charcoal port and Sosumi port, raw TanSo after turning immediately, it can be charged with the auxiliary material thereon at a uniform thickness, dry distillation by outflow promotion of water vapor by the auxiliary raw material charging Thus, the effect of improving the efficiency of the coke and stabilizing and improving the coke quality can be exhibited more sufficiently.

Further, in the present invention, an auxiliary hopper for auxiliary raw material which shares a charging chute is provided on a side portion of a coal supply hopper for coking coal of a coal-equipped vehicle, and a leveler of an extruder is provided with a dispersion hopper corresponding to each coal charging port. By disposing the plate, the moving sleeve and dust collecting hood are raised, the loading lid is mounted, the coal loading car is moved, the auxiliary material loading car is moved and positioned, and the loading lid is removed. Immediately after the charging of the raw coal, the auxiliary raw material can be charged with a uniform thickness on top of the raw coal without performing a series of operations such as the lowering operation of the moving sleeve and the dust collecting hood, and the cycle time is extended. Without adverse effects on the environment due to dust generation due to the increased opening and closing of the charging lid.

In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2 (b), two dispersion plates 19 and 20 are disposed in the extruder at the leveler of the extruder. In the direction diverging in the direction, that is, two dispersion plates 19,
20 are attached to each other with an inclination of θ with respect to the vertical direction, and a gap L is provided between the two dispersing plates 19 and 20.
Although it falls between 9 and 20, it falls into the carbonization chamber, but a part of it collides with the dispersion plates 19 and 20, changes its direction and scatters in the furnace length direction. As a result, as shown in FIG. 3, the charging level of the raw coal 8 is more uniformly charged in the furnace length direction as compared with the case where there is no dispersion plate shown in FIG. The charging thickness can be made more uniform, and the effect of promoting the dry distillation by charging the auxiliary raw material 14 and the effect of stably improving the coke quality can be more sufficiently exerted.

The material of the dispersing plate is an upper space temperature 8 of the carbonization chamber.
Any material can be used as long as it is a wear-resistant material that can withstand high temperatures up to 00 ° C. For example, a heat-resistant and wear-resistant steel plate such as stainless steel is suitable. The size of the dispersion plate, the mounting angle θ, and the distance 1 between the left and right dispersion plates may be determined as appropriate according to the shape of the furnace (distance between coal charging ports, etc.) and coal loading conditions (distance to drop to the dispersion plate, etc.). Good. FIG. 4 is a view showing the relationship between the scattering distance of coal colliding with the dispersion plate in the furnace length direction, the vertical line, and the angle θ formed by the dispersion plate. The coal used had a particle size of -3 mm of 80%,
It is a normal blended coal having a water content of 8%, and the falling distance to the dispersion plate is 2 m. As shown in FIG. 4, for example, when the angle θ of the dispersion plate is set to 60 °, the falling raw coal can be dispersed to a position 2.5 m away from immediately below the coal charging port in the furnace length direction.

[0017]

【Example】

Embodiment 1 Hereinafter, a coal loading method of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 shows an auxiliary hopper for auxiliary raw material that shares a charging chute of a raw coal supply hopper of a coal loading vehicle of a coal loading apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 1 (a) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state during charging of raw coal. FIG. 2 (b) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the situation after the auxiliary raw material is charged, FIG. 2 is a view showing a dispersing plate arranged on the leveler of the extruder, and FIG. 2 (a) shows the disposing position of the dispersing plate. FIG. 3 (b) is an enlarged schematic side sectional view showing an installation state of a dispersion plate, and FIG. 3 is a furnace longitudinal direction longitudinal sectional view showing a state after coal filling by the coal filling method of the present invention. 1 to 3, reference numeral 1 denotes a coke oven, 2 denotes a carbonization chamber, and 3 denotes a coal-carrying car movably mounted on a rail 4 laid on the coke oven 1 in the direction of a furnace. A coal feeding hopper 6 corresponding to each coal loading port 5 is provided. Reference numeral 7 denotes a table feeder for cutting coking coal 8 from a coal feeding hopper 6. The coking coal 8 cut by the table feeder 7 is carbonized from a coal filling port 5 through an upper chute 9, a lower chute 10 and a charging hood 11. It is configured to be inserted into the chamber 2.

Numeral 12 denotes a dust collecting hood that moves up and down together with the charging hood 11, 13 denotes an auxiliary material hopper provided on the side of the coal feed hopper 6 for accommodating an auxiliary material 14, and 15 denotes a space between the auxiliary material hopper 13 and the upper chute 9. When the damper 15 is opened, the auxiliary material 14 is supplied from the auxiliary material hopper 13 through the upper chute 9, the lower chute 10 and the charging hood 11, from the coal charging port 5 to the carbonization chamber 2. It is configured to be inserted into the inside. In addition, 17 is a stopper of the damper 15.
Reference numeral 18 denotes a leveler mounted on an extruder (not shown), 19,
Reference numeral 20 denotes a dispersing plate corresponding to each coal port 5 disposed on the leveler 18 and is diverging downward in the furnace length direction, that is, the two dispersing plates 19 and 20 are each set to θ in the vertical direction. And both dispersing plates 19 and 20
Between the levelers 18 in a state where a predetermined interval L is provided.
After the dispersing plates 19 and 20 are positioned immediately below the coal charging port 5 and the coking coal 8 and the auxiliary raw material 14 are charged, the coking coal 8 and the auxiliary raw material falling from the coal charging port 5 are added. 14
Is dropped into the carbonization chamber 2 after passing between the two dispersing plates 19 and 20, but a part thereof collides with the two dispersing plates 19 and 20, changes its direction, and scatters in the furnace length direction. Have been.

With the configuration described above, when the raw coal 8 is charged into the coking chamber 2, the charcoal truck 3 supplies the raw coal 8 containing water to the coal feed hopper 6 using a coal tower (not shown).
Auxiliary raw materials 14 made of coal or coke having no softening and melting properties are loaded on the auxiliary raw material hopper 13, respectively. After removing the charging lid by a lid removing device (not shown), the charging hood 11 and the dust collecting hood 12 of each coal feeding hopper 6 are lowered onto the respective coal loading ports 5. Thereafter, the table feeder 7 is activated to cut out the raw coal 8 from the coal feeder hopper 6, and the raw coal 8 is fed into the carbonization chamber 2 from the coal opening 5 through the upper chute 9, the lower chute 10 and the charging hood 11. Start charging.

Then, in the latter half of the charging of the raw coal 8, a leveler 18 having two dispersing plates 19, 20 is charged into the coking chamber 2, and the dispersing plates 19, 20 are connected to the respective charging ports 5. As shown in FIG. 1 (a), the raw coal 8 is placed directly under the two dispersion plates 1 as shown in FIG.
9 and 20, the coal is dropped into the carbonization chamber 2, and a part of the raw coal 8 is caused to collide with both the dispersion plates 19 and 20 to change the direction in the furnace length direction and dispersedly charged. The charging timing of the leveler 18 may be appropriately determined depending on the shape of the furnace, the coal charging conditions, the furnace temperature, and the like. However, when the furnace height is 7.125 m, the upper furnace wall temperature is 800 ° C., and the charging time is 100 seconds, the charging is performed. When the coal height reaches 1/2 to 2/3 of the furnace height, the leveler 18 is preferably inserted. If the coal height is less than 1/2, the staying time of the leveler 18 in the furnace becomes longer, the temperature of the leveler 18 rises greatly, causing thermal deformation, and the leveler 18 is not naturally cooled within the cycle time. If the coking coal height is 2/3 or more, the uniformity of the coking coal level at the end of coking coal coking is not sufficient. It should be noted that if the temperature rise of the leveler 18 can be prevented by forced cooling or the like, there is no problem even if the coal is charged before the coal height is １ ／.

When charging of the raw coal 8 in the coal hopper 6 is completed, the table feeder 7 is stopped, the stopper 17 is released, the drive motor 16 is operated, and the damper 15 is opened at a predetermined speed. Then, the auxiliary raw material 14 is charged from the auxiliary raw material hopper 13 into the carbonization chamber 2 from each coal loading port 5 through the upper chute 9, the lower chute 10 and the charging hood 11, and the space between the two dispersion plates 19 and 20 is supplied. While passing through and falling into the carbonization chamber 2, a part of the auxiliary raw material 14 collides with both the dispersion plates 19 and 20 and changes its direction in the furnace length direction.
Dispersed and charged on the raw coal 8. At the same time, the upper surface is leveled by the leveler 18 as shown in FIG.

By a series of these operations, as shown in FIG. 3, the auxiliary raw material 14 is charged into the carbonization chamber 2 with a more uniform thickness on the upper part of the raw coal 8 containing water, and this is carbonized. A coke layer and a softened molten layer are formed on the side of the carbonization chamber 2, but a softened molten layer is not formed in the upper part of the carbonization chamber 2 because the auxiliary raw material 14 does not have the softening and melting property, and is generated at an early stage of dry distillation. The water vapor passes through the softening molten layer and the coke layer formed on the furnace wall side and does not go to the upper space along the furnace wall, but passes through the auxiliary raw material layer 14 and the carbonization chamber 2.
As a result, heat is not removed from the high-temperature coke layer and the furnace wall, so that dry distillation is promoted, and expansion pressure does not act on the furnace wall, and the auxiliary raw material 14 is loaded. The effect of increasing the dry distillation efficiency and the effect of stabilizing the coke quality can be sufficiently exhibited, and the damage to the furnace wall can be suppressed. The opening / closing device including the stopper 17, the drive motor 16, and the damper 15 may be any as long as it can control the charging of the auxiliary material 14.
It goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to the embodiment.

Example 2 Furnace height 7125 mm, furnace width 460 mm, furnace length 8250 mm
(In which the furnace length was only half of that of the actual furnace and there were two coal mouths), a coking coal charging experiment was carried out. The raw coal used was a commercial coal blend of actual operation having a total moisture of 8.4% and a particle size of -3 mm of 83%.
00% coke breeze was used. The dispersing plate installed on the leveler is a steel dispersing plate having a length of 240 mm, and the distance between the left and right dispersing plates (L in FIG. 2B) is 80 mm, and the angle (FIG.
(Θ) in (b) was set to 30 °, and two parts were installed so that the dispersion plate was located immediately below the coal charging port when the leveler was charged.

The table feeder speed of the coal-carrying car was adjusted so that the coking time of the coking coal was 100 seconds, and the charging timing of the leveler was such that the coal-charging height was １ ／, の, の of the furnace height.
It was the time when 3/4 was reached. Further, for comparison, a test without a dispersion plate was performed. In this case, a leveler not equipped with a dispersing plate was charged when the coal height reached １ ／. After charging the coking coal, the coal surface level in the furnace length direction was measured, and then 1.5 tons of coke breeze (750 k per charging inlet) was supplied from the auxiliary coking hopper provided on the auxiliary hopper.
g) was charged and leveling was performed. After the leveling, the level of the coal surface was measured, and the difference from the measured level at the end of charging the raw material was defined as the auxiliary raw material layer thickness. Table 1 shows the results.

[0025]

[Table 1]

As shown in Table 1, the leveler having no dispersion plate was compared with the maximum layer thickness difference in the furnace length direction of 51 cm in the comparative example in which the leveler without the dispersing plate was charged when the coal height reached half. In any case, the maximum layer thickness difference in the furnace length direction is 12 to 28 cm,
It is drastically reduced to 1/2 to 1/4, and it is clear that the layer thickness of the auxiliary material is made uniform.

[0027]

As described above, according to the method and apparatus of the present invention, moisture can be reduced while suppressing adverse effects on the environment due to prolongation of the cycle time of coal-charging work and dust generation due to an increase in opening and closing of coal-charging ports. After charging the coking coal containing it,
The auxiliary raw material can be charged with a substantially uniform thickness, and the effect of increasing the dry distillation efficiency and the effect of improving the stability of coke quality by charging the auxiliary raw material can be sufficiently exhibited.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows an auxiliary hopper for auxiliary raw materials that shares a charging chute of a raw coal supply hopper of a coal loading vehicle of a coal loading apparatus of the present invention. FIG. 1 (a) is a schematic view showing a state during charging of raw coal. The cross-sectional view is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the situation after charging the auxiliary raw material.

FIG. 2 shows a dispersion plate disposed on a leveler of an extruder; FIG. 2 (a) is a schematic side sectional view showing an arrangement position of the dispersion plate;
(B) is an enlarged schematic side sectional view showing the installation state of the dispersion plate.

FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view in a furnace length direction showing a state after coal filling by the coal filling method of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing a relationship between a scattering distance of coal colliding with a dispersion plate in a furnace length direction, and an angle θ formed by a vertical line and a dispersion plate.

FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view in a furnace length direction of a conventional method in which raw coal and auxiliary raw materials are charged.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS 1 coke oven 2 carbonization chamber 3 coal loading car 4 rail 5 coal loading port 6 coal feeding hopper 7 table feeder 8 raw coal 9 upper chute 10 lower chute 11 charging hood 12 dust collecting hood 13 auxiliary raw material hopper 14 auxiliary raw material 15 damper 16 drive Motor 17 Stopper 18 Leveler 19, 20 Dispersion plate

Continuation of the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁶ , DB name) C10B 31/04 C10B 37/02 C10B 57/04

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A method of charging a coke oven in which a raw coal containing moisture is charged into a carbonization chamber of a coke oven furnace, and then coal or coke having no softening and melting properties is charged thereon. After charging the raw material coal allowed position installed dispersion plate leveler directly under Sosumi port, the dry distillation initial by charged coal or coke having no thermal plasticity
The generated steam can be easily discharged into the upper space of the carbonization chamber.
And a method for charging a coke oven. 2. A coke oven charging apparatus in which raw coal containing water is charged into a carbonization chamber of a coke oven furnace, and then coal or coke having no softening and melting properties is charged thereon. An auxiliary hopper for coal or coke that does not have softening and melting properties is provided on the side of the coking coal supply hopper of the charcoal wheel, which shares the charging chute of the coking coal supply hopper. A coke oven coal-charging device, characterized in that: