JP2841488B2 - Structure damping device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention is mounted on the upper part of a structure such as a suspension bridge tower, a super-high-rise building, a tower, a steel tower, or the like, and the vibration or wind load (air force) of these structures is reduced. The present invention relates to a structure damping device used to suppress vibration amplitude due to an earthquake and to attenuate vibration at an early stage.

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as this kind of structure vibration damping device, for example, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-92569, a detecting means for detecting a vibration amount of a vibrating object, A vibration control device having a driving device that applies a control force corresponding to the vibration amount detected by the vibration object to the vibration object, and an additional mass that achieves a balance of the force when the control force is applied to the vibration object. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-9257, which is provided with a stopper for restricting excessive movement of the
As shown in Japanese Patent Publication No. 0, an additional weight driving device is installed on a structure, vibration of the structure is detected by a vibration detector, and a control signal is generated by a control circuit based on the detection signal. The driving of the additional weight driving device is controlled by this signal,
In the structure for controlling the vibration of the structure,
A structure vibration prediction sensor comprising a ground motion detector and a logic circuit installed on the ground is provided, and the output is used to supply power to the additional weight drive device so that the vibration can be controlled. As shown in JP-A-59-97341, an additional weight movably mounted on the floor or ceiling of a structure and an additional weight having a stationary part fixed to the floor or ceiling are provided. An actuator to be driven, a control unit that operates the actuator, a vibration detector attached to the structure, which detects vibration of the structure, and a vibration detector attached to the ground of the structure, which detects vibration of the ground, A subtraction circuit for subtracting the detection signal of the ground vibration detector from the detection signal of the vibration detector of the structure and inputting it to the control unit, and further disclosed in JP-A-60-85165. Weight is added to the structure so that In a configuration in which the actuator is installed based on a signal from a vibration detector that detects vibration of a structure, the actuator of the additional weight driving device is driven between the vibration detector and the additional weight driving device. And a configuration in which a band-pass filter is connected.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, the structure disclosed in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-92569 has a complicated structure because of having a stopper and the like. The disclosed one has a complicated control device because of the ground motion detector on the ground, and the one disclosed in JP-A-59-97341 requires a plurality of vibration detectors because a subtractor is required. Yes, JP-A-60-85
The technique disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 165 has problems, such as the necessity of a bandpass filter and an extra circuit. Further, each of the above-mentioned conventional systems lacks a specific means for controlling the driving body, and furthermore, the phase relationship between the vibration of the structure and the specific movement of the driving body of the vibration damping device is not sufficient. Not clear.

Therefore, the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and aims to reduce the vibration of the structure by giving the kinetic energy of the weight to the structure to the maximum and giving the kinetic energy from the structure with a simple configuration. In addition, by controlling the phase and displacement of the weight so as to be optimal for the structure with a simple circuit configuration, it is possible to quickly suppress the swing of the structure. .

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides two weights formed in an arc shape so as to be able to perform single string vibration on the upper part of the structure, and each of the weights has a vibration direction. A spring system based on a restoring force using gravity is arranged vertically and vertically so as to be swingable so as to be orthogonal to a horizontal plane, and only the central portion in the width direction of the arc surface of each of the weights extends along the vibration direction. Thus, a rack formed in an arc shape is directly attached, a pinion is meshed with the rack, and an attenuator is connected to a shaft of the pinion via a speed reducer.

Further, in place of the damping device, a driving device for providing a driving force for vibrating each weight is provided, and a vibration detection sensor for detecting a vibration of a structure corresponding to the vibration direction of each weight is provided. It is preferable to provide a control device for controlling the phase and displacement of the signal of the swing detection sensor and sending a drive command to the drive device of the weight.

[Function] When swing energy is given to a structure, the swing energy is converted into vibration energy of an arc-shaped weight,
This vibration energy is indirectly consumed by the damper via the rack, the pinion, the shaft, and the speed reducer, and the vibration of the structure is effectively suppressed. At this time, since the rack is attached to the center in the width direction of the arc surface of the weight, the damping force of the damper can be applied to the center in the width direction of the weight, and the weight is subjected to an eccentric load. It is possible to stably vibrate a single string. Further, since the weights are vertically overlapped and vibrate in the front-back and left-right directions, the swing of the structure in all directions can be suppressed.

In the case of the active type, when the vibration of the structure is detected by the vibration detection sensor, the signal is controlled in phase and displacement by the control device, and the drive command is sent to the drive device. Be able to respond quickly to changes.

[Example] Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

1 to 3 show an embodiment of the present invention.
An upper vibration damper 2 and a lower vibration damper 2 ′, each of which is configured to independently perform a vibration damping motion by receiving the swing energy from the structure 1, on a top portion of the structure 1 which vibrates under an external force. Each moving direction is arranged to be overlapped so as to be perpendicular to the horizontal plane.

More specifically, the upper vibration damper 2 includes a weight 3 as a vibration damper, which is curved in an arc shape so as to perform a pendulum motion, and a weight as a vibration damper in a lower vibration damper 2 ′ described later. 3 '
For example, in the front-rear direction (second
(A direction indicated by an arrow a in the drawing) is swingably arranged so as to oscillate in a single string. A spring system is formed by a restoring force using gravity, and projections 5 provided on both sides of the weight 3 are weights. The vibrating region of the weight 3 is restricted within a range in which the weight 3 contacts the right and left buffers 7 on the mount 6 provided at the position where the weight 3 is sandwiched between the front and rear. An arc-shaped rack 8 is directly attached to only the center portion in the width direction (direction perpendicular to the single string vibration direction) so as to be along the vibration direction, and is arranged above the rack 8 so as to be orthogonal to the rack 8. The shaft 9 is rotatably supported by the front and rear mounts 6 via bearings 10, and the rack 8 is provided at an intermediate portion of the shaft 9.
A pinion 11 is attached so as to mesh with the shaft, so that the vibration energy of the weight 3 can be transmitted as rotational energy to the shaft 9 via the rack 8 and the pinion 11, and one end of the shaft 9 is connected to another frame. A lever 14 is fixed to an output shaft 13a of the speed reducer 13 so as to project at a right angle from the output shaft 13a. Two oil dampers 15 are installed as dampers between the upper surface of the weight 3 ′ of the machine 2 ′ so that their working directions are opposite to each other. Rotational energy for both oil dampers 15
To be attenuated.

On the other hand, the lower vibration damper 2 'is a weight 3' in which the frames 6, 12 and the support roller 4 of the upper vibration damper 2 are installed on the upper surface and the oil damper 15 is supported on the upper surface.
Are arranged so as to vibrate in the left-right direction (the direction of arrow b in FIG. 2) orthogonal to the vibration direction of the weight 3 of the upper vibration damper 2, and the weight 3 ′ is attached to the structure 1. The support roller 4 'on the base 16 installed on the top of the weight 3' is swingably supported, and the rack 8 'formed in an arc shape is formed only at the center in the width direction of the arc surface on the lower surface side of the weight 3'. Is directly mounted along the vibration direction, and the pinion 11 'meshes with the rack 8'.
Is rotatably supported by a bearing 10 'on a base 16, and a reducer 13' and an oil damper 15 'are connected to the end of the shaft 9' in the same manner as in the upper vibration damper 2. . In the lower vibration damper 2 ′, each part corresponding to the upper vibration damper 2 is indicated by the same reference numeral with a dash. However, in the lower vibration damper 2 ', the output shaft 13 of the speed reducer 13'
Oil damper 15 'at a' via one hinge lever 14 '
Are connected.

In the above configuration, when the weights 3, 3 'are considered as a pendulum as shown in FIG. 4, the natural vibration period T is determined by the vibration radius R of the center of gravity G. That is, Further, when the mass of the weights 3, 3 'is m, and the horizontal displacement is x, the vertical displacement y is Can be obtained as

Next, the principle of vibration suppression control according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 5, reference numeral 17 denotes a vibration table which is vibrated by an actuator 18, reference numeral 19 denotes a test piece movably mounted on the vibration table 17 (corresponding to the structure 1 in FIG. 1), and reference numeral 20 denotes a weight ( The weights 3, 3 'in FIG. 2) and 21, 22 are brackets. Now, let P be the aerodynamic force (wind load) acting on the specimen 19, M be the mass of the specimen 19, K be the converted spring constant of the specimen 19, and be the damping coefficient (additional damping constant: 2 Mhω) of the specimen 19. C,
Let X be the horizontal linear displacement (absolute coordinates) of the test piece 19, m be the mass of the weight 20, m be the spring constant of the weight 20, and 20 be the weight.
Assuming that p is a control force for controlling the vibration of the weight and x is a horizontal linear displacement of the weight 20 (relative coordinates with respect to the specimen 19),
The equation of motion of the test piece 19 and the weight 20 is as follows: M + CX + KX + m (+) = Pcosωt (1) (ω: natural frequency, t: time) m + m + kx = p (t) (2) Assuming that the weight 19 and the weight 20 make a single-string motion, X = Asinωt (3) (A: amplitude) x = Bsin (ωt + α) (4) (B: amplitude, α: ωt At this time, there is a relationship between the spring constants K and k and the specimen 19 and the weight 20 as follows: K = (M + m) ω ² (5) k = mω ² (6) . Therefore, the terms including the mass and the spring constant in the equations (3) and (4) are always zero as follows.

(M + m) + KX = − (M + m) Aω ² sinωt + (M +
m) Aω ² sinωt = 0 (7) m + kx = −mBω ² sin (ωt + α) + mBω ² sin (ωt +
α) = 0 ...... (8) (7), (8) Equation (1), (if substituted into 2), Pcosωt = CX + m = 2MhAω 2 cosωt-mBω 2 sin (ωt + α) ...... (9) p (t) = m = −mAω ² sinωt (10) Here, when the phase of the first and second terms on the right side is the same, the attenuation of the specimen 19 and the weight 20 It is shown that the force due to the movement is balanced with the aerodynamic force P. That is, when the movement of the weight 20 operates in a form delayed by 90 ° (−90 °) with respect to the movement of the specimen 19, a force acts in the same direction as the attenuation of the specimen 19 to try to stop the vibration. You can see that. Thus, Rewriting equation (9) as α = -90 °, Pcosωt = 2MhAω 2 cosωt + mBω 2 cosωt = (2MhA +
mB) ω ² cos ωt (11) From the equation (11), the amplitude B of the weight 20 is given by m · B = (P / ω ² ) −2 MhA (12)

It is clear from these equations that the vibration control device can be either an active type or a passive type. Therefore, the force p (t) shown by the expression (10) is the controlling force in the case of the active type, In the case of the passive type, it can be considered as a damping force.

The following is an expression of the principle described above in words.

The force of the damping device for suppressing the vibration of the structure is obtained by the movement of the mass of the damping device.

A stable vibration is obtained by giving a control force or a damping force to the vibration damping device in the opposite direction having the same magnitude as the force entering the structure.

Therefore, the structure damping device of the present invention configured as described above is installed on the top of the structure 1 such as a tower of a suspension bridge as shown in FIG. 6 or the structure 1 such as a high-rise building shown in FIG. In this case, for example, when the structure 1 is shaken in the front-rear direction by aerodynamic force or the like, the shake energy is transmitted to the weight 3 of the upper vibration damper 2 via the lower vibration damper 2 ′. 3 starts single-string vibration with a delay of 90 ° with respect to the swing of the structure 1. At this time, the rack 8 provided on the upper surface of the weight 3 and the pinion 11 on the shaft 9 provided above the weight 3
The vibration energy of the weight 3 is given to the shaft 9 via the rack 8 and the pinion 11 as rotational energy. When rotational energy is given to the shaft 9, the speed reducer 13 is connected to one end of the shaft 9.
The rotation of the shaft 9 is reduced by the speed reducer 13,
Further, at this time, since the oil damper 15 is provided on the output shaft 13a of the speed reducer 13 via the lever 14, the oil damper 15 is oscillated through the speed reducer 13, so that the shaft 9 As a result of the rotational energy being effectively attenuated, the swing of the structure 1 in the front-rear direction is suppressed. On the other hand, if the structure 1 has a lateral sway,
The weight 3 'of the lower vibration damper 2' is oscillated by a single string, and the vibration energy is transmitted to a reduction gear 13 'via a rack 8', a pinion 11 ', and a shaft 9', an output shaft 13a 'and a single hinge lever 14'. And the oil damper 15 ′ is attenuated while oscillating by the oil damper 15 ′, so that the lateral vibration of the structure 1 is suppressed. At this time, pinion
Since the racks 8, 8 'for meshing the 11, 11' are directly attached only to the center in the width direction of the arc surfaces of the weights 3, 3 ', the damping force by the oil dampers 15, 15' is reduced by the weights 3, 3. It can be applied to the center of the 3 'in the width direction, so that only one set of the rack and pinion mechanism applies a load to the weights 3, 3' in directions other than the single string vibration direction. In other words, it is possible to stably perform the single-string vibration of the weights 3, 3 'without applying an eccentric load.

As described above, in the present invention, the energy such as the aerodynamic force entering the structure 1 is converted into the kinetic energy of the passive weights 3, 3 ', and the kinetic energy is converted into the racks 8, 8' and the pinion 1
The swing of the structure 1 can be suppressed promptly by the indirect energy consumption type in which the oil is consumed by the oil dampers 15, 15 'via the shafts 11, 11', the shafts 9, 9 ', and the reducers 13, 13'. At this time, the weights 3, 3 'are arranged so that their vibration directions are orthogonal to each other in a horizontal plane, so that a single device can be used in all directions in the front-rear, left-right, and horizontal directions of the structure. Can deal with shaking. In this case, since the mass of the entire upper vibration damper 2 is added to the mass of the weight 3 'of the lower vibration damper 2', the weight 3 'itself may be very light, and two This is extremely advantageous as compared with the case where the weight 3 is simply arranged in the front-rear direction and the left-right direction.

In the above, the vibration damping force on the structure 1 can be changed by selecting the vibration stroke and the mass of the weights 3, 3 '. At this time, since the gear ratios of the speed reducers 13 and 13 'can be arbitrarily adjusted, the dampers 15 and 15'
Even if the vibration stroke of 3, 3 'is large, it can be handled with a small one. Also, the damping rate is the oil damper 15,1
By adjusting the pressure of 5 ', it can be given as an optimum state. Instead of the oil dampers 15, 15 ', any damping device may be used, such as a hydraulic pressure, an elastic body, a spring, a generator, an air pressure, etc., as long as it can provide damping.

Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the structure damping device of the present invention can be an active structure damping device described below. That is, in a structure where a human lives, such as a skyscraper as shown in FIG. 7, the acceleration of shaking must be suppressed to several Gals in order to improve the habitability. For that purpose, it is necessary to move the vibration damping device even for small amplitude fluctuations. In the passive vibration damping device as shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3, since the rotating portion has friction, the structure does not move unless the structure is shaken to some extent (Gal). Therefore, as another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an active structure vibration damping device that operates at several Gals at the same time as the friction is cut.

FIGS. 8 and 9 show another embodiment of the present invention described above. In the same structure as the structure vibration damping device shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the output of the speed reducers 13 and 13 'is shown. The shafts 13a, 13a 'are connected to the shafts 9, 9', respectively, and the speed reducers 13, 13 '
The electric motors 23 and 23 'are respectively connected as drive devices for driving the weights 3 and 3'
At the upper part of the electric motors 23, 2 are sway detection sensors 24, 24 'for detecting the sway of a structure in directions orthogonal to each other on a horizontal plane.
Attach corresponding to 3 '
4 ′ is connected to the electric motors 23 and 23 ′, respectively.
5 and 25 'and drive units 26 and 26'.

The sway detection sensors 24 and 24 'are mounted on the upper portion of the structure 1 to detect the sway of the structure 1 in a direction orthogonal thereto. Further, in the present invention, the sensors 24 and 24'
And a controller for controlling the phase and displacement of the signal from the motor, and based on the signal output from the controller, the motors 23 and 23 '
Is controlled, and the single string vibration of the weights 3, 3 'with respect to the vibration of the structure 1 is arbitrarily controlled by the driving force of the motors 23, 23', so that the vibration of the structure 1 is suppressed to an allowable vibration range. At the same time, the kinetic energy of the structure 1 is consumed.

The driving force of the motors 23 and 23 'is a power for accelerating the weights 3 and 3' to a required displacement (amplitude).
It is also a braking force that provides a damping force to maintain the amplitude required by the weights 3, 3 '. In other words, the energy given to the weights 3, 3 'as a single-string vibration due to the swinging of the structure 1 is diverged unless a control force is given, so that the motor 1
By driving the 23, 23 ', a control force for accelerating the weights 3, 3' to a required amplitude and a braking force for suppressing divergence are provided.

The control block diagram for performing the phase control is shown in FIG.
As shown in the figure. That is, 25, 25 'is a control device which calculates a swing signal of the structure 1 detected by the swing detection sensors 24, 24' and generates a 90-degree delayed phase and displacement signal with respect to the shake of the structure 1, , 26 'are drive units for driving motors 23, 23' based on signals from the control devices 25, 25 '. In this embodiment, the swing detection sensors 24, 2
The acceleration sensor is used as 4 ', and the control devices 25 and 25' integrate the acceleration twice to generate the displacement signal.
The speed signal may be integrated once to generate a speed signal, and the speed signal may be used as an inversion signal as a displacement signal of the weights 3, 3 '.

In the above-described configuration, when a sway occurs in the structure and the sway is detected by the sway detection sensors 24, 24 ', a displacement signal phase-controlled based on the signal is output to the control device 25, 25'.
From the motor 2 to the drive units 26 and 26 '.
The speed reducers 13 and 1 are driven by forward and reverse driving of 3 and 23 '.
3 ', shafts 9 and 9', pinions 11 and 11 ', racks 8 and 8'
The weights 3 and 3 'are moved back and forth and left and right via the. In this case, since the vibration of the weights 3 and 3 'is also given by the shaking of the structure 1, after the weights 3 and 3' are accelerated to the required amplitude, the driving force of the motors 23 and 23 'is restricted. It is sufficient to provide the power as power. Therefore, the vibration damping effect can be obtained only by operating the weights 3, 3 'as the braking force of the motors 23, 23', and the response to the change in the natural frequency of the structure 1 can be achieved quickly. Can be. For this reason, the running power of the motors 23 and 23 'can be reduced.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, a rack 8 'is provided on the lower surface of the weight 3' of the lower vibration damper 2 ', and the speed reducer 13' and the like are further mounted on the weight 3 '. Is shown below, but it may be provided above the weight 3 'as in the case of the upper vibration damper 2, and the driving force is a rotary motor. ,air pressure,
Needless to say, a linear motor or the like may be used, and various changes may be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the structure vibration damping device of the present invention,
It exhibits various excellent effects as follows.

(I) Two weights formed in an arc shape so as to be able to perform single-string vibration are vertically arranged on the upper part of the structure so that the respective vibration directions are orthogonal to each other on a horizontal plane, and the weights are swingably arranged. And a rack formed in an arc shape along the vibration direction is directly attached to only the center in the width direction on the arc surface of each weight,
A pinion is meshed with the rack, and an attenuator is connected to a shaft of the pinion via a speed reducer. The weight at the bottom can be very light because the weight is two-tiered, so the weight is lower than when the weight is separately placed on the structure in the front-rear direction and the left-right direction. Since the weight of the rack can be reduced, and the rack that meshes with the pinion is directly attached only to the center in the width direction of the arc surface of the weight, the damping force of the damper can be applied to the center in the width direction of the weight. Yes, this allows one set of racks
With the pinion mechanism alone, it is possible to eliminate the possibility of applying a load to each of the upper and lower weights in a direction other than the single string vibration direction, and it is possible to stably perform the single string vibration of the weight, Furthermore, since no mechanical spring is required and the number of parts is small, the manufacturing cost can be reduced, and the number of breakdowns is small and maintenance is easy. Because it can be installed, it is economically advantageous in terms of installation space on the structure and economical.In addition, since the damping device is indirectly operated via a speed reducer, it can be small even if the weight has a large stroke. Can respond.

(Ii) Two weights formed in an arc shape so as to be able to perform single-string vibration are vertically stacked on the upper part of the structure so that their vibration directions are orthogonal to each other on a horizontal plane, and are oscillatingly arranged. And a rack formed in an arc shape along the vibration direction is directly attached to only the center in the width direction of the arc surface of each weight, and the pinion is engaged with the rack. Then, a drive device for applying a driving force for vibrating each weight to the shaft of the pinion is connected via a speed reducer, and further, a swing of a structure corresponding to a vibration direction of each weight is detected. And a control device for controlling the phase and the displacement of the signal of the shake detection sensor and sending a drive command to the drive device of the weight, respectively. The weight of Act on the center in the direction, the single string vibration of the upper and lower weights can be performed stably with only one set of rack and pinion mechanism, and it can cope with small swing of the structure Can be
It can respond quickly to changes in the natural frequency of the structure, and the control system is simple, so it is inexpensive, and since single-string vibration is used, less energy is required to accelerate the weight, saving labor. Can be achieved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially cut front view showing an outline of an embodiment of a structural vibration damping device of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a partially cut side view of FIG. FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a vibration system of a pendulum, FIG. 5 is a view showing a model of the principle of the present invention, and FIGS. 6 and 7 are installations of the apparatus of the present invention on a structure. FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing an example, FIG. 8 is a partially cut front view showing an outline of another embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 9 is a partially cut side view of FIG. 8, and FIG. It is a block diagram showing an example. 1 ... Structure, 2 ... Upper damper, 2 '... Lower damper, 3, 3' ... Weight, 8,8 '... Rack, 9,9' ... Shaft, 1
1,11 '... pinion, 13,13' ... attenuator, 15,15 '...
Oil dampers (attenuators), 23, 23 '... Electric motors (drives), 24, 24' ... Shaking detection sanses, 25, 25 '...
…Control device.

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Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. Two weights formed in an arc shape so as to be able to perform a single string vibration are arranged on the upper part of a structure so as to be swingable by vertically overlapping each other so that respective vibration directions are orthogonal to each other on a horizontal plane. And a rack formed in an arc shape so as to be along the vibration direction is directly attached to only the center in the width direction of the arc surface of each weight, and a pinion is attached to the rack. And a damper connected to a shaft of the pinion via a speed reducer. 2. An upper part of a structure is provided with two weights formed in an arc shape so as to be able to perform a single-string vibration, and vertically oscillated in such a manner that respective vibration directions are orthogonal to each other on a horizontal plane. And a rack formed in an arc shape so as to be along the vibration direction is directly attached to only the center in the width direction of the arc surface of each weight, and a pinion is attached to the rack. And a driving device that applies a driving force for vibrating each weight to the pinion shaft is connected via a speed reducer, and further, a structure corresponding to the vibration direction of each weight is provided. A configuration is provided in which a shake detection sensor for detecting the shake is provided, and a control device for controlling the phase and displacement of the signal of the shake detection sensor and sending a drive command to a drive device of the weight is provided. Structural damping .