JP2796233B2 - Power generator - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a power converter using an electromagnet as a stator and a permanent magnet and a magnetic material such as mild steel as a rotor or a movable member. The present invention relates to a power generating device that converts a magnetic force into a rotational force by making full use of a magnetic force as energy originally held.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Heretofore, for example, an HB (hybrid) type stepping motor has been known as a power generator using an electromagnet as a stator and a combination of a magnetic material such as mild steel and a permanent magnet as a rotor. Have been.

However, from the viewpoint of the magnetic energy of the permanent magnet, it is used for the movement of the rotor together with the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet. However, the effective use of the magnetic energy of the permanent magnet has not been attempted.

[0004] The problem with the HB type motor is that it can be said that this drawback is common to all power generators using an electromagnet as a stator and a magnetic body and a permanent magnet as a rotor.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention increases the utilization rate of electric energy applied to an electromagnet while preventing the generation of a force acting in the direction opposite to the direction of motion of a rotor, while reducing the magnetic energy of a permanent magnet. It is an object of the present invention to provide a power generation device capable of achieving effective utilization.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a plurality of electromagnets arranged in a ring, and a rotatably supported rotatably supported substantially at the center of the electromagnets arranged in a ring. An output shaft , fixed to an outer periphery of the rotary output shaft,
The polarities of the magnetic poles that appear on the outer peripheral surface of the
A set of permanent magnets and a radially extending outer periphery of each of the permanent magnets are fixedly provided, and the magnetic tooth portions and the cutout portions are formed outside the permanent magnets.
It is provided alternately along the circumference, and
At least the radial end is larger than the circumferential width of the electromagnet.
A magnetic body formed with a large consisting circumferential width, and an excitation control means for controlling the supply of exciting current to the electromagnet, the permanent magnet and the magnetic body, between each other
The magnetic tooth portion provided on the magnetic body is provided at an interval.
The number is different from the number of the electromagnets, and a boundary portion between any one of the magnetic teeth and the notch faces one of the electromagnets. When at least one set of electromagnets sequentially supplies an exciting current to the electromagnets so as to exhibit opposite polarities, magnetic flux from a permanent magnet having a different polarity from each electromagnet among the permanent magnets causes the magnetic body to be turned off. The magnetized portion passing through the magnetized poles is converged within a range that is substantially linearly connected to the different electromagnets, and the magnetic portion located adjacent to the magnetized electromagnets becomes a magnetic flux blank area and converges. A rotating torque is applied to the rotation output shaft by a magnetic flux. Preferably, the permanent magnets are a pair of arc-shaped permanent magnets, which are magnetized radially outward and inward, and whose magnetization polarities are opposite to each other. Further, the excitation control means includes a plurality of sensors for detecting the positions of the permanent magnet and the magnetic material corresponding to the permanent magnet with respect to the electromagnet, and a rotation mechanism that turns on and off the sensor with rotation of the rotation output shaft. An on / off member provided on the output shaft may be provided. Further, the sensor is an optical sensor in which a light-emitting element and a corresponding light-receiving element are opposed to each other at a predetermined interval, and the on / off member blocks light from the light-emitting element to the light-receiving element. It is desirable to be a light shielding plate.

[0007]

According to the present invention, the magnetic tooth portion and the notch portion of the rotary output shaft are provided.
When the electromagnet located at the boundary between the magnets is excited, the magnetic field generated by the excited electromagnet and the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet act on each other, and the magnetic flux passing from the permanent magnet to the magnetic body is substantially linearly converged on the electromagnet side. The rotary output shaft is rotated by a predetermined angle in the direction toward the electromagnet.

When the rotary output shaft is rotated by a predetermined angle, the excitation of the electromagnet is interrupted, and the electromagnet located adjacent to the front of the rotary output shaft in the rotation direction is newly excited. In this way, the rotary output shaft can be rotated in a predetermined direction by sequentially exciting the electromagnets.At this time, the electromagnets are excited so as to have a polarity opposite to that of the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets, Therefore, the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet converges almost linearly inside the magnetic material as described above, and a blank area of the magnetic flux is generated behind the magnetic material magnetic teeth in the rotation direction, thereby preventing the rotation of the rotary output shaft. No directional force occurs. Also, at this time,
Each magnetic tooth of the magnetic material is at least in the radial direction
At the end, a circumferential direction larger than the circumferential width of the electromagnet
Since it is formed with a width in the direction of
And the area where the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet is converged
The other magnetic flux blank areas are clearly separated and formed,
Non-rotationally positioned non-rotating output shaft
Interaction between the exciting electromagnet and the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet (magnetic attraction
Is suppressed).

Further, as shown in the figure, since the N and S poles communicate with each other along the outer pole side of the electromagnet, the leakage magnetic flux is small and the magnetic efficiency is high.

[0010]

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 6, a rotation output shaft 31 is rotatably mounted on the support member 17 via a bearing 19. This rotation output shaft 31
In addition, ring-shaped permanent magnets 18 that rotate with the rotation output shaft 31 and are magnetized as shown in the figure are arranged in a fitted state.

At the position between the electromagnets 1 to 12 and the permanent magnet 18, there are provided magnetic members 27 having notches 14 and magnetic teeth 13 alternately on the outer periphery and through which the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet passes. It is arranged in a fixed state. In the drawing, for example, a case where eight notches 14 and eight magnetic teeth 13 are formed is shown. The permanent magnet 18 and the magnetic body 27 are coaxial with the rotation output shaft 31, and they are integrated by a fastening means such as a bolt to form a rotor that rotates together with the rotation output shaft 31. The circumferential width of each magnetic tooth portion 13 is at least half of that width.
At the radial end, the circumferential direction of the opposed electromagnets 1 to 12
Width (more strictly, in the circumferential direction of the iron core of each of the electromagnets 1 to 12)
Width).

Here, the support member 17 is a non-magnetic material,
The rotation output shaft 31 may be a magnetic material. The support member 17 is formed of, for example, stainless steel, aluminum, an aluminum alloy, a synthetic resin, or the like.
For example, it is formed of stainless steel or the like. The magnetic body is made of a magnetic material having high magnetic permeability such as various iron materials, silicon steel plates, and permalloy.

A plurality of electromagnets 1 to 12 serving as stators are provided at substantially equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the magnetic body between the front and rear plates so as to surround the magnetic body. The drawing shows a case where, for example, twelve are arranged. The magnetic fluxes of the electromagnets are crossed through the outer peripheral portions of the iron cores of the electromagnets on the opposite pole side.

The iron cores of the electromagnets 1 to 12 extend in the axial direction of the rotary output shaft 31 and are provided radially with respect to the rotary output shaft and the like, and their ends (magnetic pole portions) are made of a magnetic material. It faces the peripheral surface with a slight gap.

A part of the electromagnets 1 to 12 is located at a position corresponding to a boundary between the notch 14 of the magnetic body 27 and the magnetic tooth 13.

The excitation switching means for sequentially exciting the electromagnets 1 to 12 is basically constituted by a normal excitation circuit for supplying a direct current to each winding of the electromagnet, but in the present embodiment, power is supplied to the electromagnet. The switching portion for switching is composed of a plurality of optical sensors and a light shielding plate for turning on / off the sensors.

The optical sensor has a light-emitting element and a light-receiving element which are opposed to each other with an interval through which a light-shielding plate can pass.
It is arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction on one outer surface of the front and rear side plates in a positional relationship corresponding to the electromagnet. Further, the light shielding plate is fixed to an end of the rotation output shaft protruding from the rear plate on which the optical sensor is disposed.

In this embodiment, while the light sensor is shielded from light by the light shielding plate, the electromagnet corresponding to the light sensor is energized.

Next, the notch 14
When the electromagnets located at the boundary between the magnet and the magnetic tooth 13 are simultaneously excited, the magnetic field of the permanent magnet and the magnetic field of the electromagnet act on each other, and the magnetic flux passing through the magnetic tooth 13 of the magnetic material causes the electromagnet (1,4, It is almost linearly converged instantaneously on the (7, 10) side. 3 and 6 show this state. This and
In this case, each magnetic tooth portion 13 has at least its radius.
At the circumferential end of the electromagnets 1 to 12
Is formed with a large circumferential width.
The magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 18 converges in the tooth portion 13
Area is clearly separated from other magnetic flux blank areas.
It is formed so as to be spaced apart so as to prevent the rotation of the rotation output shaft 31.
Of the non-excited electromagnet and the permanent magnet 18 located
Interaction with the bundle (generation of magnetic attraction) is suppressed. As a result, the rotor is attracted to the respective electromagnets and receives a rotating torque in a direction in which the width of the magnetic flux is to be increased, that is, clockwise in FIGS.

FIGS. 3 and 6 show a state in which the width of the magnetic flux changes with the rotation of the rotor 25. At the time when the width of the magnetic flux is maximized, the attractive force acting between the permanent magnet and the electromagnet is shown. Is maximized, but the rotational torque acting on the rotor is close to zero.

When the rotational torque acting on the rotor 25 is completely zero or weakened, that is, when the boundary portion approaches another electromagnet located forward in the rotational direction, the excitation switching means has turned on the motor so far. When the excitation of the current electromagnet is stopped and the excitation of the next electromagnet is started, the magnetic flux is converged again on the next electromagnet side, and a rotational torque acts on the rotor in the same manner as the previous time.

Thereafter, as described above, the electromagnets 1-1 to 1
By sequentially exciting the magnets 2, the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 18 and the magnetic fields of the electromagnets 1 to 12 act to apply a rotational torque to the rotor 25.

The magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is substantially linearly converged on the electromagnet side being excited through the magnetic material (see FIGS. 3 and 6).
The portion of the magnetic body facing the non-excited electromagnet is a dead zone through which no magnetic flux passes , in other words, a blank area of the magnetic flux . Therefore, no force that hinders rotation of the rotor 25 is generated.

From the viewpoint of the electric energy applied to the electromagnet, almost all of the applied electric energy is in phase with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet provided in the rotor.
As an energy to rotate the rotor through interaction
I am giving. Also, from the viewpoint of effective use of the magnetic energy of the permanent magnet, almost all of the magnetic energy is excited.
Converges on the rotating electromagnet, thereby contributing to the rotation of the rotor.
Will be given.

Further, notches and magnetic teeth are alternately provided on the outer peripheral portion of the magnetic body, and electromagnets are arranged at locations corresponding to boundaries between them, so that when the electromagnet is excited, The lines of magnetic force generated in the gap between the boundary portion and the electromagnet can be greatly inclined, and a large rotational torque can be obtained at the initial stage of excitation of the electromagnet.

Next, the results of actual operation tests performed on the power generator shown in the above-described embodiment, that is, shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 will be described.

Pure iron was used as the magnetic material. Dimension is width 3
0 mm, magnetic tooth part diameter 218 mm, notch part diameter 158
mm. A samarium cobalt magnet was used as a permanent magnet. Its magnetic force was 12,000 gauss. The applied voltage to the electromagnet is 100 V and the current is 1.15
A, power was 115 W. Under these conditions, the rotation speed was 200 RPM, the torque was 60.52 Kg, and the output was 124.32 W.

[0028]

As described above, according to the present invention, a plurality of electromagnets as stators are excited only in the opposite polarity to the magnetic poles of the opposing permanent magnets. It has a relationship of magnetizing with the opposite pole on the outer circumference, and the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet passing through the inside of the magnetic material is not excited.
Converges almost linearly toward the electromagnet
To create a magnetic flux blank area, and
In order to make use of the magnetic material more reliable,
Is the circumference of the electromagnet at least at its radial end.
Formed with a circumferential width that is larger than the
The magnetic flux from the permanent magnet is collected in the magnetic body.
The bundled area and other magnetic flux blank areas are clearly
It is formed separately and does not generate a force that hinders the movement of the rotor. This increases the efficiency of using the electric energy applied to the electromagnet, and makes it possible to effectively use the magnetic energy of the permanent magnet.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view in which a part of a first embodiment of the present invention is omitted.

FIG. 2 is a central longitudinal sectional side view of the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an operation explanatory view of the first embodiment of the present invention, showing a state of convergence of magnetic flux.

FIG. 4 is a front view in which a part of a second embodiment of the present invention is omitted.

FIG. 5 is a central longitudinal sectional side view of a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an operation explanatory view of the second embodiment of the present invention, showing a state of convergence of magnetic flux.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1-12 Electromagnet 13 Magnetic tooth part 14 Notch part 15 Magnetic flux on permanent magnet side 16 Gap between electromagnets 17 Support member 18 Permanent magnet 19 Bearing unit 20 Rotation output shaft 21 Electromagnet body 25 Rotor 27 Notched magnetic body 28 Iron Ring 31 Rotation output shaft

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁶ , DB name) H02K 21/16 H02K 37/04 501

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] A plurality of electromagnets arranged side by side in a ring, a rotary output shaft rotatably supported substantially at the center of the electromagnets side by side in a ring, and fixed to an outer periphery of the rotary output shaft; Magnets appearing on the outer surface
At least one set of permanent magnets having polarities different from each other, and fixed to the outer periphery of each of the permanent magnets so as to extend in the radial direction, and magnetic tooth portions and notches are alternately provided along the outer periphery.
And at least a radial end of the magnetic tooth portion
The part has a circumferential width larger than the circumferential width of the electromagnet.
A permanent magnet and the magnetic body are spaced apart from each other , comprising: a magnetic body formed thereby; and excitation control means for controlling supply of an exciting current to the electromagnet.
The number of magnetic teeth provided on the magnetic body is spaced apart from the number of the electromagnets, and the boundary between any of the magnetic teeth and the notch faces one of the electromagnets. Thereby, when the excitation control means sequentially supplies an excitation current to the electromagnets so that at least one set of the electromagnets has opposite polarities, each of the permanent magnets A magnetic flux from a permanent magnet having a different polarity from the electromagnet is converged within a range in which the excited polarity is substantially linearly connected to the different electromagnet through the magnetic material, and is adjacent to the excited electromagnet. The power generating device according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic material portion located is a magnetic flux blank area, and a rotational torque is applied to the rotary output shaft by the converged magnetic flux. 2. The permanent magnet is a set of arc-shaped permanent magnets, which are magnetized radially outward and inward, and whose magnetization polarities are opposite to each other. 2. The power generator according to 1. 3. The excitation control means includes a plurality of sensors for detecting positions of a permanent magnet and a magnetic material corresponding to the permanent magnet with respect to the electromagnet, and turns on / off the sensors as the rotation output shaft rotates. The power generator according to claim 1, further comprising an on / off member provided on the rotary output shaft. 4. The sensor is an optical sensor in which a light-emitting element and a corresponding light-receiving element are arranged to face each other at a predetermined interval, and the on / off member is configured to connect the light-emitting element to the light-receiving element. The power generator according to claim 3, wherein the power generator is a light shielding plate that blocks light.