JP2632850B2 - Artificial vertebral body - Google Patents

Artificial vertebral body

Info

Publication number
JP2632850B2
JP2632850B2 JP62137502A JP13750287A JP2632850B2 JP 2632850 B2 JP2632850 B2 JP 2632850B2 JP 62137502 A JP62137502 A JP 62137502A JP 13750287 A JP13750287 A JP 13750287A JP 2632850 B2 JP2632850 B2 JP 2632850B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
vertebral body
artificial vertebral
artificial
bone
natural
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP62137502A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS63300758A (en
Inventor
博行 柚木
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kyocera Corp
Original Assignee
Kyocera Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kyocera Corp filed Critical Kyocera Corp
Priority to JP62137502A priority Critical patent/JP2632850B2/en
Publication of JPS63300758A publication Critical patent/JPS63300758A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2632850B2 publication Critical patent/JP2632850B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/44—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は整形外科領域において用いる部材であって、
骨腫瘍、椎間板ヘルニア等の疾患、あるいは交通事故、
災害等によって破壊された脊椎の一部を切除した骨間に
嵌め込んで補綴するようにした人工椎体に関するもので
ある。The present invention relates to a member used in the field of orthopedic surgery,
Diseases such as bone tumors, herniated discs, or traffic accidents,
The present invention relates to an artificial vertebral body in which a part of a spine destroyed by a disaster or the like is fitted between resected bones for prosthesis.

〔従来の技術〕[Conventional technology]

人体における脊椎は海綿骨の周囲を皮質骨でおおわれ
た椎体と、軟骨質からなる椎間板とが交互に積み重なっ
た構造からなっている。The spine of the human body has a structure in which vertebral bodies covered with cortical bone around cancellous bone and intervertebral discs made of cartilage are alternately stacked.

このような人体の脊椎における、例えば椎間板ヘルニ
ア等の疾患の治療に当たっては椎間板を除去し、その間
の空隙を保持すべく椎体同士を連結し、固定するスペー
サを用いる必要がある。In treating a disease such as a herniated disc in the vertebrae of the human body, it is necessary to use a spacer for removing the disc and connecting and fixing the vertebral bodies so as to maintain a space therebetween.

このためのスペーサとしては例えば実公昭60−31706
号公報に見られる如く、アルミナセラミック等で製作さ
れたものが使用されている。As a spacer for this purpose, for example, Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 60-31706
As shown in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. H10-260, those manufactured from alumina ceramic or the like are used.

一方、骨腫瘍等で椎間板だけでなく、椎体をも切除す
る場合、この際に生じる大きな空隙を補綴し、荷重を支
持するためのスペーサとしてもアルミナセラミック製の
ものが使用されてきた。On the other hand, when a vertebral body as well as an intervertebral disc is resected due to a bone tumor or the like, alumina ceramics have been used as a spacer for prosthesis for a large void generated at this time and for supporting a load.

〔発明が解決しようとする問題点〕[Problems to be solved by the invention]

ところが、上記のように人体の脊椎は海綿骨の周囲を
皮質骨で覆われた椎体と、軟骨質から成る椎間板が交互
に積み重なった構造となったものであり、従来のアルミ
ナセラミック製の人工椎体を用いた場合、この人工椎体
と人体（天然）の椎体とでは弾性率が極端に相違するこ
とからセラミック製人工椎体を埋入した部位に対し、体
を動かす運動をしたような場合、あるいは荷動が加わっ
たような場合に大きな応力が集中することになる。However, as described above, the vertebrae of the human body has a structure in which vertebral bodies covered with cortical bone around cancellous bone and intervertebral discs made of cartilage are alternately stacked. When a vertebral body is used, the artificial vertebral body and the vertebral body of the human body (natural) have extremely different elastic moduli. In such a case, or when a load is applied, a large stress is concentrated.

この結果、人工椎体と当接する部位で骨吸収が生じ、
ひいては人工椎体を介して荷重伝達が行われなくなるば
かりでなく、人工椎体の固定性自体も喪失されることと
なる。As a result, bone resorption occurs at the site that comes into contact with the artificial vertebral body,
As a result, not only will the load not be transmitted through the artificial vertebral body, but also the fixation itself of the artificial vertebral body will be lost.

さらに人体の脊椎は上記した構造をもつことから、上
体の前方あるいは側方への屈曲運動を可能ならしめてい
るが、アルミナセラミック製の人工椎体を挿入（埋入）
した部位はこのような方向の運動に追従して変形するこ
とが不可能であり、従って、運動の制限を余儀なくされ
る原因となっている。Furthermore, since the human spine has the above-mentioned structure, it is possible to bend forward or to the side of the upper body, but an artificial vertebra made of alumina ceramic is inserted (embedded).
It is impossible for such a part to deform following the movement in such a direction, and therefore, the movement is restricted.

また、アルミナセラミック製の人工椎体と天然の椎体
との接合部にはポリメチルメタクリレートを成分とした
ボーンセメントを使用した固定術を行うことが多い。In addition, the joint between the alumina ceramic artificial vertebral body and the natural vertebral body is often subjected to fusion using bone cement containing polymethyl methacrylate as a component.

ところが、このボーンセメントを用いた置換術ではボ
ーンセメントが固化時に発生する重合熱によって骨の壊
死やモノマー溶出による生体為害性の発現など多くの問
題があった。However, the replacement surgery using the bone cement has many problems such as necrosis of bone due to polymerization heat generated when the bone cement is solidified and the manifestation of harmful effects on living organisms due to elution of monomers.

〔問題点を解決するための手段〕[Means for solving the problem]

本発明は上記問題点に鑑みて、天然骨との接合部に大
きな応力集中が発生せず、それ故骨吸収することもな
く、かつ脊椎の前方および側方への屈曲運動をもある程
度可能とし、さらに生体親和性を有するように基材とし
ての高密度ポリエチレンの如き高分子材のブロック体に
おける少なくとも表面の骨と接する部位に生体親和性を
もったアルミナ、アパタイト系などのセラミック粉粒体
を配置せしめて複合化した材料でもって人工椎体を構成
したことを特徴とする。In view of the above problems, the present invention does not cause large stress concentration at the joint with natural bone, and therefore does not absorb bone, and also enables a certain amount of forward and lateral bending motion of the spine. In addition, at least a portion of the block made of a polymer material such as high-density polyethylene as a base material having biocompatibility, which has biocompatibility at least at a site in contact with bone on the surface thereof, is provided with ceramic particles such as apatite-based ceramic particles. It is characterized in that an artificial vertebral body is composed of a composite material that has been arranged.

〔実施例〕〔Example〕

以下、図によって本発明実施例を具体的に説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.

第１図には人工椎体Ａを示し、この人工椎体Ａは高密
度ポリエチレンよりなるブロック体Ｍで形成され、該ブ
ロック体Ｍの上面Ｕ、下面Ｋは同図（ロ）にて示されて
いるように凸形状を成しており、このような形状をした
人工椎体Ａは第２図に示す如く人体の天然椎体Ｆ、Ｆ間
に装填され、天然椎体Ｆ、Ｆとの間隔を一定に保持する
とともに上体部（不図示）の荷重を受座するように作用
する。FIG. 1 shows an artificial vertebral body A. The artificial vertebral body A is formed of a block body M made of high-density polyethylene, and an upper surface U and a lower surface K of the block body M are shown in FIG. The artificial vertebral body A having such a shape is loaded between the natural vertebral bodies F, F of the human body as shown in FIG. It acts to keep the distance constant and to receive the load on the upper body (not shown).

この人工椎体Ａを成すブロック体Ｍの少なくとも天然
椎体Ｆ、Ｆに当接する凸形状をした上面Ｕ、下面Ｋの表
面部には生体親和性を有するアルミナ、アパタイトなど
のセラミック材から為るセラミック粉粒体Ｐが露出した
状態に配置してあることから、人工椎体Ａは当接した天
然椎体Ｆ、Ｆと癒合し一体的に固定される。At least the surface portions of the convex upper surface U and the lower surface K of the block body M constituting the artificial vertebral body A, which are in contact with the natural vertebral bodies F, F, are made of a ceramic material such as alumina or apatite having biocompatibility. Since the ceramic particles P are arranged in an exposed state, the artificial vertebral body A is fused with the natural vertebral bodies F, F that are in contact with each other and is integrally fixed.

また第３図には他の実施例としての人工椎体Ｂを示
し、天然椎体Ｆ、Ｆに当接する上面Ｕ、下面Ｋには凸起
Ｔがそれぞれ一体形成され、かつセラミック粉粒体Ｐが
露出せしめてある。この人工椎体Ｂの胴体中央には小径
部Ｈが形成され、小径部Ｈを中心に可撓的に変形できる
ようにしたもので人体の動きに伴う脊椎の変形をより可
動を一層容易ならしめるようにしたものである。また上
面Ｕ、下面Ｋの中央に形成してある凸起Ｔを隣接した天
然椎体Ｆ、Ｆ（第２図参照）に形成した凹部に合致せし
めることによって、より安定した状態で装填することが
できる。FIG. 3 shows an artificial vertebral body B as another embodiment, in which an upper surface U and a lower surface K which are in contact with the natural vertebral bodies F, F are integrally formed on the lower surface K, respectively. Is exposed. A small-diameter portion H is formed at the center of the torso of the artificial vertebral body B, and can be flexibly deformed around the small-diameter portion H, so that the spine deformation accompanying the movement of the human body can be more easily moved. It is like that. Further, by fitting the protrusions T formed in the center of the upper surface U and the lower surface K to the concave portions formed in the adjacent natural vertebral bodies F, F (see FIG. 2), the loading can be performed in a more stable state. it can.

さらに第４図に示した人工椎体Ｃには切抜Ｓが形成し
てあり、この切抜Ｓが形成してあることによって脊椎の
動きにある程度追従することを可能とする可撓性をもた
らすようにしたものであってもよい。Further, a cutout S is formed in the artificial vertebral body C shown in FIG. 4 so that the cutout S is formed so as to provide flexibility that enables the movement of the spine to be followed to some extent. May be done.

かかる人工椎体Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃを形成する材質としては高
密度ポリエチレンなど高分子材料が好適であり、上記実
施例においては天然椎体と当接する表面にのみに生体親
和性を有するセラミック粉粒体Ｐを配位したものであっ
たが、これに限らず、セラミック粉粒体Ｐを所定割合の
もとに全体的に混合し、複合化したものであってもよ
い。As a material for forming the artificial vertebral bodies A, B, and C, a high-molecular-weight material such as high-density polyethylene is preferable. In the above embodiment, ceramic particles having biocompatibility only on the surface in contact with the natural vertebral body are used. Although the body P is coordinated, the present invention is not limited to this, and the ceramic powder P may be mixed as a whole at a predetermined ratio to form a composite.

この場合、高分子材料に混ぜ合わせるセラミック粉粒
体Ｐの含有率（重量％）を調整することによって人工椎
体構成材質のヤング率を種々設定することが可能であっ
て、症例、使用箇所に適したヤング率（可撓性）を具備
した人工椎体を製造できる。In this case, the Young's modulus of the artificial vertebral body constituent material can be variously set by adjusting the content (% by weight) of the ceramic powder P mixed with the polymer material. An artificial vertebral body having a suitable Young's modulus (flexibility) can be manufactured.

次の第１表に超高分子量ポリエチレン（分子量約2,40
0,000）とハイドロキシアパタイト（平均粒径10μｍ）
とを混合させた場合のヤング率との関係を例示してお
く。Table 1 below shows ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (molecular weight of about 2,40
0,000) and hydroxyapatite (average particle size 10μm)
The relationship with the Young's modulus in the case where is mixed is illustrated.

〔発明の効果〕 叙上のように、本発明によれば、少なくとも天然椎体
に当接する表面部に生体親和性に優れたセラミック粉粒
体を露出した高分子材料で形成し、かつ上記表面部を凸
形状にして構成した人工椎体であることから、装填に際
して、ボーンセメントを使用する必要がなく、それ故ボ
ーンセメントの使用に伴う不都合が一切排除される。 [Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, at least the surface portion in contact with the natural vertebral body is formed of a polymer material having a ceramic powder having excellent biocompatibility exposed, and the surface Since the artificial vertebral body has a convex portion, it is not necessary to use bone cement at the time of loading, and therefore, the inconvenience associated with the use of bone cement is completely eliminated.

また天然骨により近いヤング率をもった材料で構成さ
れることから、在来のアルミナセラミック体（ヤング率
大）より成る人工椎体で発生した骨との界面における大
きな応力集中が解消され、骨吸収等の合併症が起こり難
く、いつまでも正常な荷重伝達を行い、安定した固定性
を維持し得る人工椎体をもたらし、長寿命で信頼性が高
いなど人類の福祉に大いに寄与するものである。In addition, since it is made of a material having a Young's modulus closer to that of natural bone, large stress concentration at the interface with bone generated by an artificial vertebral body made of a conventional alumina ceramic body (large Young's modulus) is eliminated, Complications such as absorption are unlikely to occur, and an artificial vertebral body that can transmit a normal load forever and maintain stable fixation is provided, and greatly contributes to the welfare of mankind, such as long life and high reliability.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

第１図（イ）は本発明実施例による人工椎体の側面図、
第１図（ロ）は同図（イ）におけるＸ−Ｘ線断面図、第
２図は第１図に示した人工椎体を人体脊椎に装填した状
態を示す図、第３図及び第４図はともに本発明に係る他
の実施例による人工椎体の斜視図である。 Ａ、Ｂ、C:人工椎体 P:セラミック粉粒体 T:凸起 S:切抜FIG. 1 (a) is a side view of an artificial vertebral body according to an embodiment of the present invention,
FIG. 1 (b) is a sectional view taken along the line XX in FIG. 1 (a), FIG. 2 is a view showing a state in which the artificial vertebral body shown in FIG. 1 is loaded in a human vertebra, FIG. 3 and FIG. The figures are perspective views of an artificial vertebral body according to another embodiment of the present invention. A, B, C: artificial vertebral body P: ceramic powder T: convexity S: cutout

Claims (1)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】(57) [Claims] 【請求項１】高分子材料からなるブロック体の少なくと
も天然椎体との当接部に、生体親和性を有するセラミッ
ク材の粉粒体を配位せしめ、かつ凸形状としたことを特
徴とする人工椎体。The present invention is characterized in that a powdery body of a ceramic material having biocompatibility is coordinated to at least a contact portion of a block body made of a polymer material with a natural vertebral body, and is formed in a convex shape. Artificial vertebral body.
JP62137502A 1987-05-30 1987-05-30 Artificial vertebral body Expired - Fee Related JP2632850B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP62137502A JP2632850B2 (en) 1987-05-30 1987-05-30 Artificial vertebral body

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP62137502A JP2632850B2 (en) 1987-05-30 1987-05-30 Artificial vertebral body

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS63300758A JPS63300758A (en) 1988-12-07
JP2632850B2 true JP2632850B2 (en) 1997-07-23

Family

ID=15200164

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP62137502A Expired - Fee Related JP2632850B2 (en) 1987-05-30 1987-05-30 Artificial vertebral body

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2632850B2 (en)

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