JP2593764Y2 - Artificial dialysis machine - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an artificial dialysis apparatus provided with a blood leak detector for detecting blood leak to a dialysate circuit.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art An artificial dialysis apparatus is an artificial kidney, which uses extracorporeal filtration with a dialysis membrane to remove waste products and excess water in blood instead of the original kidney. It is a well-established medical procedure that patients with renal failure receive regularly.

[0003] Such an artificial dialysis apparatus generally has a configuration shown in FIG.

In FIG. 2, blood drawn from a patient artery 3 is supplied to a dialyzer 4 as an artificial dialyzer by a blood pump 2 provided in a blood circuit 1.
The dialyzer 4 is also supplied with dialysate by a dialysate circuit 5. In the dialyzer 4, blood and dialysate flow in opposite directions through the dialysis membrane, whereby waste and excess water in the blood move to the dialysate side. The blood from which wastes and excess water have been removed is returned to the patient vein 7 via the drip chamber 6.

[0005] By the way, the blood and the dialysate are in contact with each other through the dialysis membrane by the dialyzer 4, but since the dialysis membrane is broken and blood may leak to the dialysate side, the dialyzer in the dialysate circuit 5 may be used. A blood leak detector 8 is provided downstream of 4. When the blood leak detector 8 detects a blood leak, a control mechanism (not shown) stops the blood pump 2 and, for example, a solenoid-driven circuit provided below the drip chamber 6 in the blood circuit 1. The blood circuit 1 is closed by driving the clamp 9 to close and the blood flow is stopped to prevent blood leakage.

[0006]

As described above, the leak of blood into the dialysate is monitored by the blood leak detector 8 to enhance the safety as an artificial dialysis device. Since blood leakage cannot be detected unless the detector 8 operates normally, it must be diagnosed whether it operates normally.

However, impurities cannot be mixed into the dialysate before artificial dialysis, and there is a problem that self-diagnosis is difficult.

The present invention has been made in consideration of the above problems, and provides an artificial dialysis apparatus that can easily diagnose the operation of a blood leak detector without mixing impurities in the dialysate. The purpose is to provide.

[0009]

According to the present invention, a blood circuit for returning blood from the human body into the apparatus, a dialysate circuit for taking in wastes and the like in blood, and the like. An artificial dialyzer for performing diafiltration by bringing a blood circuit and a dialysate circuit into contact with each other, wherein the dialysate circuit detects a blood leak in the circuit by detecting a change in the amount of transmitted light when the blood leaks. In an artificial dialysis device provided with a blood detector, the blood leak detector is a light-emitting element serving as a light source, and the light transmitted through the circuit is provided facing the light-emitting element and the dialysate circuit is interposed therebetween. And a control unit for adjusting the light amount of the light emitting element. The control unit adjusts a voltage applied to the light emitting element so as to be equal to or less than a light receiving amount received by the light receiving element at the time of blood leakage. Self-diagnosis function Characterized in that it was.

[0010]

The self-diagnosis is performed by the control unit before performing the artificial dialysis. That is, the control unit adjusts the voltage applied to the light-emitting element to reduce the output of the light-emitting element to a level equal to or less than the amount of light received by the light-receiving element during blood leakage. Thereby, the state at the time of blood leakage is reproduced in the light receiving element. As a result, if the function of the blood leak detector is normal, the blood leak is detected, and the result of the self-diagnosis is determined to be normal.

[0011]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the artificial dialysis apparatus of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a main part of the artificial dialysis device of the present embodiment.

The blood circuit 11 in the artificial dialysis apparatus of the present embodiment is a blood circuit 1 of the conventional artificial dialysis apparatus shown in FIG.
Is the same as That is, the blood drawn out of the body from the patient's artery 12 returns to the patient's vein 16 in the blood circuit 11 via the blood pump 13, the dialyzer 14, and the drip chamber 15 in this order. A circuit clamp 17 is provided downstream of the drip chamber 15. A dialysate circuit 18 is passed through the dialyzer 14.

Further, a blood leak detector 21 is provided in the dialysate circuit 18 downstream of the dialyzer 14. The blood leak detector 21 detects contamination of the dialysate by blood with light. The blood leak detector 21 includes a light emitting element 22 such as a light emitting diode or an incandescent lamp as a light source, and a light receiving element 23 such as a phototransistor or a photothyristor provided to face the light emitting element 22. The dialysate circuit 18 between the light emitting element 22 and the light receiving element 23 is formed in an annular shape with glass, and the thickness of the dialysate through which light passes is thickened. Thus, when the dialysate becomes cloudy with blood, the amount of light transmitted from the light emitting element 22 decreases, and when the output voltage at the light receiving element 23 decreases and falls below the threshold value, it is determined that a blood leak has occurred.

The blood circuit 11 and the dialysate circuit 18 in FIG.
The other components are mainly shown for processing components related to blood leak detection.

In this artificial dialysis machine, a main CPU 30 and a sub CPU 4
0. The main CPU 30 executes sequence control of the entire system,
U40 mainly executes functions such as monitoring and self-diagnosis. Main CPU 30 and sub CPU 40
The power supply, system bus, various input / output ports, etc. are completely separated.

In relation to blood leak detection, the main CPU 30
A communication unit 31, a blood leakage override switch reading unit 32, and a blood leakage alarm processing unit 33 are provided in association with the information processing. Each of these units 31, 32, and 33 is functionally shown, and is actually configured by an input / output port having the function, a program in a ROM, and the like.

The communication section 31 has a function of transmitting and receiving information between the main CPU 30 and the sub CPU 40. For example, the communication section 31 receives a blood leakage alarm signal given from the sub CPU 40 and notifies the main CPU 30 of the signal. At this time, the main CPU 30 activates the blood leakage alarm processing unit 33.

The blood leakage override switch reading unit 32
This is to detect that the blood leakage override switch 34 has been pressed and notify the main CPU 30. Main C
For a predetermined time (for example, 2 minutes) after the blood leakage override switch 34 is pressed, the PU 30
, Cancels it, and does not activate the blood leakage alarm processing unit 33. This processing is provided in consideration of the fact that the recovery operation cannot be performed if the blood leakage alarm processing is executed when the system is restored after the system is down due to the occurrence of blood leakage.

The blood leak alarm processing section 33 includes a main CPU
When the process is started by 30, a drive circuit (not shown) is operated to close the circuit clamp 17 and stop the operation of the blood pump 13.

On the other hand, in relation to the blood leak detection processing,
In connection with the PU 40, a communication unit 41, a blood leakage override switch reading unit 42, a self-diagnosis control unit 43, a blood leakage alarm monitoring unit 44, a dirt monitoring unit 45, and an A / D converter 46 are provided. These parts 41, 4
2, 43, 44, 45, and 46 are also functionally shown, respectively, and are actually configured by input / output ports and ROM programs that perform the functions.

The communication section 41 and the blood leakage override switch reading section 42 are connected to the communication section 31 related to the main CPU 30.
And the same function as the blood leakage override switch reading unit 32, and a description thereof will be omitted.

The self-diagnosis control unit 43 includes the light emitting element 2
2 to adjust the light emission output of the light emitting element 22. That is, the self-diagnosis control unit 43 applies a predetermined voltage to the light emitting element 22 in the normal operation state of the artificial dialysis apparatus, and applies the predetermined voltage to the light receiving element 23 side.
Is irradiated. At the time of self-diagnosis, the voltage applied to the light emitting element 22 is reduced to a threshold value, the light emitting output from the light emitting element 22 is reduced, and the light receiving amount at the light receiving element 23 is reduced to the light receiving amount at the time of blood leakage. . Here, as the threshold,
For example, the blood concentration in a standard dialysate is 500 ppm (Ht 20%, 37
℃). That is, when a standard dialysate having a blood concentration of 500 ppm is passed through the dialysate circuit 18 with a normal predetermined voltage applied to the light emitting element 22, the light receiving element 23
Is set in advance as a threshold value. The self-diagnosis control unit 43 functions as a control unit that adjusts the light amount of the light emitting element 22.

The blood leak alarm monitor 44 is provided with the blood leak detector 2
At 1, it is monitored whether blood is mixed in the dialysate, and is connected to the light receiving element 23. If the amount of light received by the light receiving element 23 (output voltage) decreases and falls below the threshold value, it is determined that a blood leak has occurred, and a blood leak alarm signal is output to the sub CP.
Send to U40.

The dirt monitor 45 captures a signal from the A / D converter 46 and monitors the degree of dirt on the glass of the dialysate circuit 18 based on a change in the amount of light received by the light receiving element 23. Works at the time.

The A / D converter 46 converts an analog output signal from the light receiving element 23 into a digital signal. The digital signal converted by the A / D converter 46 is transmitted to the sub CPU 40, and is transmitted from the sub CPU 40 to the dirt monitor 45.

The artificial dialysis apparatus configured as described above operates as follows.

First, the operation of the entire artificial dialysis device is as follows.
By the operation of the blood pump 13, blood is drawn from the patient's artery 12 into the blood circuit 11, and
Side, dialyzed by the dialyzer 14 and returned to the patient vein 16 via the drip chamber 15.

During the dialysis process, a predetermined voltage is constantly applied to the light emitting element 22 under the control of the self-diagnosis control unit 43, and the dialysate circuit 18 is irradiated with a constant output light toward the light receiving element 23. Have been. The light receiving element 23 receives light from the light emitting element 22 transmitted through the dialysate circuit 18 and generates a voltage. This voltage value is taken into the blood leakage alarm monitoring unit 44, and the blood leakage alarm monitoring unit 44 constantly monitors for blood leakage.
It is also taken into the dirt monitor 45 via the / D converter 46 and the sub CPU 40 to monitor the dirt of the dialysate circuit 18 for glass.

When the output value from the light receiving element 23 falls below the threshold value in the blood leak alarm monitoring section 44, it is determined that a blood leak has occurred, and the alarm signal is output to the sub CPU 40.
Send to The sub CPU 40 transmits an alarm signal to the main CPU 30 via the communication units 41 and 31. The main CPU 30 activates the blood leakage alarm processing unit 33 based on the received alarm signal,
To close the circuit clamp 17 and stop the blood pump 13. Then, the operator immediately performs a recovery operation. At this time, the blood leakage override switch 34 is also used to cancel the blood leakage alarm for a certain period of time.

The dirt monitor 45 monitors the change in the amount of light transmitted due to dirt on the glass of the dialysate circuit 18, and data on the change in the amount of light transmitted due to the dirt is taken into the blood leakage alarm monitor 44. The threshold reference is corrected in accordance with the change in the data.

In the artificial dialysis apparatus of the present embodiment, the above processing is performed at the time of blood leakage. However, since this blood leakage processing must always operate normally, the blood leakage alarm monitoring unit 44 operates normally when the artificial dialysis apparatus is started. A self-diagnosis is made as to whether or not to operate. This is performed at the time of completion of preparation for startup. Specifically, the self-diagnosis processing is automatically started by an operator from the outside after preparation is completed or automatically by a program.
The self-diagnosis control unit 43 reduces the voltage applied to the light emitting element 22 to a threshold. At this time, the dialysate circuit 18
The dialysate inside is transparent before the dialysis treatment. Light receiving element 2
In 3, the received light amount decreases to the threshold value. As a result, a pseudo blood leakage state is created, and the blood leakage alarm monitoring unit 4
If 4 is normal, a blood leak alarm is generated. Thus, the above-described processing at the time of blood leakage is performed by the main CPU 30 and the sub CPU 40. If no blood leakage alarm occurs, it is determined that the blood leakage detection function is abnormal.

As described above, the voltage applied to the light emitting element 22 is reduced to the light emission output at the time of blood leakage to reproduce the blood leakage state, and the self-diagnosis function of whether or not the blood leakage detection function operates normally is self-diagnosed. Since the control unit 43 is provided, it is possible to diagnose whether or not the blood leak detection function operates normally before performing the dialysis treatment, so that the safety for the artificial dialysis treatment can be further improved.

In the above embodiment, the voltage value (threshold value) applied to the light emitting element 22 under the control of the self-diagnosis control unit 43 is set to the value when the blood concentration in the standard dialysate is 500 ppm. However, this value is an example, and is appropriately set to a value equal to or less than a value generated when blood having a concentration required for blood leakage in each artificial dialysis device is mixed with the dialysate.

In the above embodiment, the case where the self-diagnosis function is used in an artificial dialysis device has been described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this case. The same operation and effect as those of the above embodiment can be obtained even when used in an apparatus in which one liquid may be mixed into the other liquid.

[0035]

As described above, according to the present invention, the control unit is provided with a self-diagnosis function for adjusting the voltage applied to the light-emitting element so that the light-receiving amount received by the light-receiving element is equal to or less than the amount of light received at the time of blood leakage. Therefore, it is possible to diagnose whether or not blood leak detection functions normally before performing the dialysis treatment, and the safety of the artificial dialysis treatment can be further improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a main part of an artificial dialysis device according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration around a blood circuit of the artificial dialysis device.

[Explanation of symbols]

14 dialyzer, 18 dialysate circuit, 21 blood leak detector, 22 light emitting element, 23 light receiving element, 30 main CPU, 31, 41 communication part, 32, 42 blood leakage override switch reading part, 33: blood leakage alarm processing unit, 3
4 ... blood leakage override switch, 40 ... sub CPU, 4
3 Self-diagnosis control unit, 44 Blood leakage alarm monitoring unit, 45 Dirt monitoring unit 46 A / D converter.

Claims (1)

(57) [Scope of request for utility model registration] 1. A blood circuit for circulating blood from the human body into the apparatus, a dialysate circuit for taking in wastes and the like in blood, and an artificial dialyzer for performing diafiltration by bringing the blood circuit and the dialysate circuit into contact with each other. Wherein the dialysate circuit comprises a blood leak detector for detecting a change in the amount of transmitted light when a blood leak occurs in the circuit, wherein the blood leak detector A light-emitting element serving as a light source, a light-receiving element provided opposite to the light-emitting element and interposed between the dialysate circuit to receive light transmitted through the circuit, and a control for adjusting the light amount of the light-emitting element An artificial dialysis device, wherein the control unit has a self-diagnosis function of adjusting a voltage applied to the light emitting element so as to be equal to or less than a light receiving amount received by the light receiving element at the time of blood leakage. .