JP2022108749A - Plant disease control method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide material or the like that has a superior control effect on a plant disease.SOLUTION: Vegetal seeds or vegetative propagation organs are provided that are formed by holding compounds (1) shown in the following formula and one or more ubiquinol oxidizing enzyme Qo site inhibitors selected from a group A. The group A is the group comprising azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, picoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, mandestrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, dimoxystrobin, orysastrobin, metominostrobin, coumoxystrobin, enoxastrobin, fluphenoxystrobin, triclopyricarb, fenaminstrobin, pyribencarb, famoxadone, and fenamidone.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

The present invention relates to a plant disease control method.

が有害節足動物防除剤の有効成分として知られており、例えば特許文献１に記載されている。また、ユビキノール酸化酵素Ｑｏ部位阻害剤が植物病害防除組成物の有効成分として知られており、例えば非特許文献１に記載されている。植物病害を防除するために、さらに効果の高い資材が求められている。 Conventionally, a compound represented by the following formula (hereinafter referred to as compound (1)):

is known as an active ingredient of a harmful arthropod control agent, and is described in Patent Document 1, for example. In addition, ubiquinol oxidase Qo site inhibitors are known as active ingredients of plant disease control compositions, and are described in Non-Patent Document 1, for example. In order to control plant diseases, there is a demand for a more effective material.

International Publication No. 2017/065228 pamphlet

The Pesticide Manual-17th edition (published by BCPC); ISBN: 978-1-901396-88-1

Plant disease damage is a cause of large losses in crop production and there is a need for more effective control. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a material or the like having an excellent control effect against plant diseases.

As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have found that compound (1) and a specific ubiquinol oxidase Qo site inhibitor are combined to treat plant seeds or vegetative propagation organs to prevent plant diseases. The present inventors have found that they have an excellent control effect against
That is, the present invention includes the following [1] to [14].

と、群Ａから選ばれる１種以上のユビキノール酸化酵素Ｑｏ部位阻害剤とを保持してなる植物の種子または栄養繁殖器官：
群Ａ：アゾキシストロビン、ピラクロストロビン、ピコキシストロビン、トリフロキシストロビン、マンデストロビン、フルオキサストロビン、クレソキシムメチル、ジモキシストロビン、オリサストロビン、メトミノストロビン、クモキシストロビン、エノキサストロビン、フルフェノキシストロビン、トリクロピリカルブ、フェナミンストロビン、ピリベンカルブ、ファモキサドン、およびフェナミドンからなる群。
［２］ユビキノール酸化酵素Ｑｏ部位阻害剤がアゾキシストロビン、ピラクロストロビン、ピコキシストロビン、トリフロキシストロビン、マンデストロビン、およびフルオキサストロビンからなる群から選ばれる１種以上の化合物である、上記［１］に記載の植物の種子または栄養繁殖器官。
［３］種子または栄養繁殖器官１ｋｇあたり、化合物（１）を０．０１～７．０ｇ保持してなる、上記［１］または［２］に記載の植物の種子または栄養繁殖器官。
［４］種子または栄養繁殖器官１ｋｇあたり、群Ａから選ばれる１種以上のユビキノール酸化酵素Ｑｏ部位阻害剤を０．００６～０．６ｇ保持してなる、上記［１］～［３］のいずれか１つに記載の植物の種子または栄養繁殖器官。
［５］植物がトウモロコシ、コムギ、またはカノーラである、上記［１］～［４］のいずれか１つに記載の植物の種子または栄養繁殖器官。
［６］植物がデントコーンである、上記［１］～［４］のいずれか１つに記載の植物の種子または栄養繁殖器官。
［７］植物が硬質コムギである、上記［１］～［４］のいずれか１つに記載の植物の種子または栄養繁殖器官。
［８］植物が春播きカノーラである、上記［１］～［４］のいずれか１つに記載の植物の種子または栄養繁殖器官。
［９］植物が遺伝子組換え植物である、上記［１］～［８］のいずれか１つに記載の植物の種子または栄養繁殖器官。
［１０］下式で示される化合物（１）：

と、群Ａから選ばれる１種以上のユビキノール酸化酵素Ｑｏ部位阻害剤を用いて植物の種子または栄養繁殖器官を処理することを含む、植物病害防除方法：
群Ａ：アゾキシストロビン、ピラクロストロビン、ピコキシストロビン、トリフロキシストロビン、マンデストロビン、フルオキサストロビン、クレソキシムメチル、ジモキシストロビン、オリサストロビン、メトミノストロビン、クモキシストロビン、エノキサストロビン、フルフェノキシストロビン、トリクロピリカルブ、フェナミンストロビン、ピリベンカルブ、ファモキサドン、およびフェナミドンからなる群。
［１１］ユビキノール酸化酵素Ｑｏ部位阻害剤がアゾキシストロビン、ピラクロストロビン、ピコキシストロビン、トリフロキシストロビン、マンデストロビン、およびフルオキサストロビンからなる群から選ばれる１種以上の化合物である、上記［１０］に記載の植物病害防除方法。
［１２］種子または栄養繁殖器官の処理が、吹きつけ処理、湿粉衣処理、塗沫処理、浸漬処理、フィルムコート処理、およびペレットコート処理からなる群から選ばれる１種以上の処理である、上記［１０］または［１１］に記載の植物病害防除方法。
［１３］下式で示される化合物（１）：

と、群Ａから選ばれる１種以上のユビキノール酸化酵素Ｑｏ部位阻害剤とを含む、植物の種子または栄養繁殖器官処理用の植物病害防除組成物：
群Ａ：アゾキシストロビン、ピラクロストロビン、ピコキシストロビン、トリフロキシストロビン、マンデストロビン、フルオキサストロビン、クレソキシムメチル、ジモキシストロビン、オリサストロビン、メトミノストロビン、クモキシストロビン、エノキサストロビン、フルフェノキシストロビン、トリクロピリカルブ、フェナミンストロビン、ピリベンカルブ、ファモキサドン、およびフェナミドンからなる群。
［１４］種子または栄養繁殖器官を播種または植え付ける植物栽培において、上記［１］～［９］のいずれか１つに記載の種子または栄養繁殖器官を播種または植え付けることを含む、植物栽培方法。 [1] Compound (1) represented by the following formula:

and one or more ubiquinol oxidase Qo site inhibitors selected from Group A.
Group A: Azoxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Picoxystrobin, Trifloxystrobin, Mandestrobin, Fluoxastrobin, Cresoxime-methyl, Dimoxistrobin, Orysastrobin, Metominostrobin, Spiderxistrobin, Enoki The group consisting of sustrobin, flufenoxystrobin, triclopiricarb, phenaminestrobin, pyribencarb, famoxadone, and phenamidone.
[2] One or more compounds wherein the ubiquinol oxidase Qo site inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, picoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, mandestrobin, and fluoxastrobin The seed or vegetative propagation organ of the plant according to [1] above.
[3] The seed or vegetative propagation organ of the plant according to [1] or [2] above, which holds 0.01 to 7.0 g of compound (1) per 1 kg of seed or vegetative propagation organ.
[4] Any of the above [1] to [3], which holds 0.006 to 0.6 g of one or more ubiquinol oxidase Qo site inhibitors selected from Group A per 1 kg of seed or vegetative propagation organ or the seed or vegetative propagation organ of a plant according to any one of the preceding claims.
[5] The seed or vegetative propagation organ of the plant according to any one of [1] to [4] above, wherein the plant is corn, wheat, or canola.
[6] The seed or vegetative propagation organ of the plant according to any one of [1] to [4] above, wherein the plant is dent corn.
[7] The seed or vegetative propagation organ of the plant according to any one of [1] to [4] above, wherein the plant is hard wheat.
[8] The seed or vegetative propagation organ of the plant according to any one of [1] to [4] above, wherein the plant is spring-sown canola.
[9] The seed or vegetative propagation organ of the plant according to any one of [1] to [8] above, wherein the plant is a transgenic plant.
[10] Compound (1) represented by the following formula:

and one or more ubiquinol oxidase Qo site inhibitors selected from Group A, and a plant disease control method comprising treating plant seeds or vegetative propagation organs:
Group A: Azoxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Picoxystrobin, Trifloxystrobin, Mandestrobin, Fluoxastrobin, Cresoxime-methyl, Dimoxistrobin, Orysastrobin, Metominostrobin, Spiderxistrobin, Enoki The group consisting of sustrobin, flufenoxystrobin, triclopiricarb, phenaminestrobin, pyribencarb, famoxadone, and phenamidone.
[11] One or more compounds wherein the ubiquinol oxidase Qo site inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, picoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, mandestrobin, and fluoxastrobin The method for controlling plant diseases according to [10] above.
[12] The treatment of seeds or vegetative propagating organs is one or more treatments selected from the group consisting of spraying treatment, wet dressing treatment, smearing treatment, dipping treatment, film coating treatment, and pellet coating treatment. The method for controlling plant diseases according to the above [10] or [11].
[13] Compound (1) represented by the following formula:

and one or more ubiquinol oxidase Qo site inhibitors selected from group A, a plant disease control composition for treating plant seeds or vegetative propagation organs:
Group A: Azoxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Picoxystrobin, Trifloxystrobin, Mandestrobin, Fluoxastrobin, Cresoxime-methyl, Dimoxistrobin, Orysastrobin, Metominostrobin, Spiderxistrobin, Enoki The group consisting of sustrobin, flufenoxystrobin, triclopiricarb, phenaminestrobin, pyribencarb, famoxadone, and phenamidone.
[14] A plant cultivation method comprising sowing or planting the seed or vegetative propagation organ according to any one of [1] to [9] above, in the plant cultivation of sowing or planting the seed or vegetative propagation organ.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, plant diseases can be controlled.

In the present invention, compound (1) and one or more ubiquinol oxidase Qo site inhibitors selected from group A (hereinafter referred to as "this inhibitor") are combined to treat plant seeds or vegetative propagation organs. It is characterized by

Compound (1) is disclosed in International Publication No. 2017/065228 as "the compound 5 of the present invention" and can be produced, for example, according to the method described in Production Example 10 of International Publication No. 2017/065228. .

Compounds to be applied to plant seeds or vegetative propagation organs in combination with compound (1) include the present inhibitors, namely azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, picoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, mandestrobin, 1 selected from fluoxastrobin, cresoxime methyl, dimoxystrobin, orysastrobin, metminostrobin, commoxystrobin, enoxastrobin, flufenoxystrobin, triclopiricarb, phenaminestrobin, pyribencarb, famoxadone, and phenamidone The ubiquinol oxidase Qo site inhibitor of more than one species is not particularly limited, but is preferably composed of azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, picoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, mandestrobin, and fluoxastrobin. One or more compounds selected from the group are included.

Azoxystrobin is a known compound and is described, for example, on page 66 of "The Pesticide Manual-17th edition (published by BCPC); ISBN: 978-1-901396-88-1". Azoxystrobin can be obtained from commercial preparations or prepared by known methods.
Pyraclostrobin is a known compound and is described, for example, on page 951 of "The Pesticide Manual-17th edition (published by BCPC); ISBN: 978-1-901396-88-1". Pyraclostrobin can be obtained from commercial preparations or prepared by known methods.
Picoxystrobin is a known compound and is described, for example, on page 887 of "The Pesticide Manual-17th edition (published by BCPC); ISBN: 978-1-901396-88-1". Picoxystrobin can be obtained from commercial preparations or prepared by known methods.
Trifloxystrobin is a known compound and is described, for example, on page 1149 of "The Pesticide Manual-17th edition (published by BCPC); ISBN: 978-1-901396-88-1". Trifloxystrobin can be obtained from commercial preparations or prepared by known methods.
Mandestrobin is a known compound and is described, for example, on page 692 of "The Pesticide Manual-17th edition (published by BCPC); ISBN: 978-1-901396-88-1". Mandestrobin can be obtained from commercial preparations or prepared by known methods.
Fluoxastrobin is a known compound and is described, for example, on page 524 of "The Pesticide Manual-17th edition (published by BCPC); ISBN: 978-1-901396-88-1". Fluoxastrobin can be obtained from commercial preparations or prepared by known methods.
Kresoxime methyl is a known compound and is described, for example, on page 675 of "The Pesticide Manual-17th edition (published by BCPC); ISBN: 978-1-901396-88-1". Kresoxime-methyl can be obtained from commercial preparations or prepared by known methods.
Dimoxistrobin is a known compound and is described, for example, on page 371 of "The Pesticide Manual-17th edition (published by BCPC); ISBN: 978-1-901396-88-1". Dimoxistrobin can be obtained from commercial preparations or prepared by known methods.
Orysastrobin is a known compound and is described, for example, on page 815 of "The Pesticide Manual-17th edition (published by BCPC); ISBN: 978-1-901396-88-1". Orysastrobin can be obtained from commercial preparations or prepared by known methods.
Metominostrobin is a known compound and is described, for example, on page 764 of "The Pesticide Manual-17th edition (published by BCPC); ISBN: 978-1-901396-88-1". Metominostrobin can be obtained from commercial preparations or prepared by known methods.
Coumoxystrobin is a known compound and is described, for example, on page 242 of "The Pesticide Manual-17th edition (published by BCPC); ISBN: 978-1-901396-88-1". Coumoxystrobin can be obtained from commercial preparations or prepared by known methods.
Enoxastrobin is a known compound and is described, for example, on page 406 of "The Pesticide Manual-17th edition (published by BCPC); ISBN: 978-1-901396-88-1". Enoxastrobin can be obtained from commercial preparations or prepared by known methods.
Flufenoxystrobin is a known compound and is described, for example, on page 508 of "The Pesticide Manual-17th edition (published by BCPC); ISBN: 978-1-901396-88-1". Flufenoxystrobin can be obtained from commercial preparations or prepared by known methods.
Triclopyricarb is a known compound and is described, for example, on page 1145 of "The Pesticide Manual-17th edition (published by BCPC); ISBN: 978-1-901396-88-1". Triclopyricarb can be obtained from commercial formulations or prepared by known methods.
Phenaminestrobin is a known compound and is described, for example, on page 441 of "The Pesticide Manual-17th edition (published by BCPC); ISBN: 978-1-901396-88-1". Phenaminestrobin can be obtained from commercial preparations or prepared by known methods.
Pyribencarb is a known compound and is described, for example, on page 967 of "The Pesticide Manual-17th edition (published by BCPC); ISBN: 978-1-901396-88-1". Pyribencarb can be obtained from commercially available formulations or prepared by known methods.
Famoxadone is a known compound and is described, for example, on page 438 of "The Pesticide Manual-17th edition (published by BCPC); ISBN: 978-1-901396-88-1". Famoxadone can be obtained from commercial formulations or prepared by known methods.
Phenamidone is a known compound and is described, for example, on page 440 of "The Pesticide Manual-17th edition (published by BCPC); ISBN: 978-1-901396-88-1". Phenamidone can be obtained from commercial formulations or prepared by known methods.

In the present invention, plant seeds or vegetative propagation material may contain an effective amount of compound (1). preferably 0.01 to 7.0 g, more preferably 0.05 to 5.0 g.

In the present invention, the plant seeds or vegetative propagation organ may contain an effective amount of the inhibitor, for example, 0.003 to 1.2 g of the inhibitor is held per 1 kg of seed or vegetative propagation organ. and preferably holds 0.006 to 0.6 g.

In the present invention, the term "effective amount" means the amount of compound (1) and the present inhibitor capable of exhibiting plant disease control effects.

The plant disease control composition for treating seeds or vegetative propagation organs of plants of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the "composition of the present invention") is usually prepared by separately adding compound (1) and the present inhibitor to any solid carrier. Alternatively, it is mixed with a liquid carrier, added with a surfactant and other formulation aids as necessary, and mixed with the formulated compound (1) formulation and the present inhibitor formulation, or Compound (1) and the present inhibitor are mixed in advance, mixed with any solid carrier or liquid carrier, added with surfactants and other formulation aids as necessary, and formulated into one formulation It is.

Examples of the solid carrier include kaolin clay, pyrophyllite clay, bentonite, montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, synthetic hydrous silicon oxide, acid clay, talcs, clay, ceramics, quartz, sericite, vermiculite, perlite, oya stone, and anthraite. , mineral fine powders such as limestone, coal stone and zeolite; inorganic compounds such as salt, carbonates, sulfates, nitrates and urea; and organic fine powders such as rice husks, bran, wheat flour and peat moss.
Liquid carriers include water, vegetable oils, animal oils, mineral oils and the like. Examples of formulation adjuvants include antifreeze agents such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, and thickeners such as carboxymethylcellulose and xanthan gum.

Examples of the above surfactants include nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylaryl ethers, and polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters, and alkylsulfonates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkyl sulfates, and the like. Anionic surfactants can be mentioned.

Other formulation adjuvants include sticking agents, dispersing agents, coloring agents, antifreeze agents and stabilizers. Derivatives, bentonite, synthetic water-soluble polymers (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acids, etc.), acidic isopropyl phosphate, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol and BHA (2-tert-butyl- mixture of 4-methoxyphenol and 3-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol).
Coloring agents include red pigments, blue pigments, green pigments, yellow pigments, and the like. Specific examples include monazol red, cyanine green, Prussian blue, and brilliant blue.

The plant disease control method of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as "the control method of the present invention") comprises the step of applying compound (1) and the present inhibitor to plant seeds or vegetative propagation organs.
In the control method of the present invention, compound (1) and the present inhibitor are usually formulated and may be treated as separate formulations, or the composition of the present invention may be treated. When applied as separate formulations, they may be applied simultaneously or separately.
In the control method of the present invention, compound (1) and the present inhibitor are treated such that the seeds or vegetative propagating organs to be treated retain effective amounts of compound (1) and the present inhibitor, respectively.

For seed treatment and vegetative propagation organ treatment with compound (1) and this inhibitor in the control method of the present invention, for example, a suspension of compound (1) and this inhibitor is atomized and applied to the surface of seeds or the surface of vegetative propagation organ. Wet coating treatment in which seeds or vegetative propagating organs moistened with Compound (1) in the form of a wettable powder and the present inhibitor are powdered, and the form is a wettable powder, an emulsion or a flowable A smearing treatment in which a liquid compound (1) and the present inhibitor are added to the agent compound (1) and the present inhibitor and water is added as necessary to seeds or vegetative propagation organs, compound (1) and the present inhibitor Examples include immersion treatment in which seeds or vegetative propagation organs are immersed in an aqueous solution containing the agent for a certain period of time, film coating treatment and pellet coating treatment of seeds with compound (1) and the present inhibitor. In the control method of the present invention, smearing is preferred.
In the present invention, when the term "plant" is used simply, it also includes the "seeds of plants" and the "vegetative propagation organs of plants".
The "vegetative propagation organ" in the present invention means a plant's roots, stems, leaves, etc., which have the ability to grow when the parts are separated from the main body and placed in soil. For example, tuberous root, creeping root, bulb, corm or solid bulb, tuber, rhizome, stolon, rhizophore ), cane cuttings, propagule and vine cuttings. The stolons are sometimes called runners, and the mukago is also called buds, which are divided into broad buds and bulbils. A vine means a shoot (collective term for leaves and stems, shoot) of sweet potato, yamanoimo, and the like. Bulbs, corms, tubers, rhizomes, stem fragments, rhizophores or tuberous roots are collectively called bulbs. Cultivation of potatoes begins by planting tubers in the soil, and the tubers used are generally called seed potatoes.

In the control method of the present invention, the treatment amount of compound (1) and the present inhibitor varies depending on the type of plant to be treated, the formulation form, the treatment method, etc., but the adhesion of compound (1) and the present inhibitor during treatment The treatment amount may be adjusted according to the rate, and the treatment amount of compound (1) is usually 0.001 to 24 g, preferably 0.01 to 8.4 g, more preferably 0.01 to 8.4 g per 1 kg of seed or vegetative propagation organ. 0.05 to 6.0 g, and the treatment amount of the present inhibitor is usually 0.003 to 1.5 g, preferably 0.006 to 0.8 g, per kg of seed or vegetative propagation organ.
Here, the weight of seeds or vegetative propagules means the weight when treated with compound (1) and the present inhibitors before sowing or planting.
By applying seed treatment or vegetative propagation organ treatment as described above, seeds or vegetative propagation organs containing effective amounts of compound (1) and the present inhibitor can be obtained. In seed treatment or vegetative propagation organ treatment, an adjuvant may be mixed as necessary.

The plant cultivation method of the present invention comprises the step of sowing or planting seeds or vegetative propagules of plants treated with compound (1) and the present inhibitor.

Plants that can be applied in the present invention include, for example, the following.
Crops; corn (dent corn, hard-grain, soft-grain, explosive, glutinous, sweet), rice (long-grain, short-grain, medium-grain, japonica, tropical japonica, indica, Javanica) seed, paddy rice, upland rice, floating rice, direct seeding, transplanting, glutinous rice), wheat (bread wheat (hard, soft, medium, red wheat, white wheat), macaroni wheat, spelled wheat, crab wheat, autumn sowing type, spring sowing type barley (two-rowed barley (= beer barley), six-rowed barley, naked barley, glutinous barley, autumn-sown type, spring-sown type), rye (autumn-sown type, spring-sown type), triticale (autumn-sown type, spring-sown type) type), oats (autumn sowing type, spring sowing type), sorghum, cotton (Upland, Pima), soybean (infinite growth type, limited growth type, semi-limited growth type), groundnut (peanut) , haricot (haricot bean), lima bean, adzuki bean, cowpea, mung bean, round bean, safflower bean, bamboo bean, moth bean, tepary bean, broad bean, pea, chick pea, lentil, lupine, pigeon pea, alfalfa, buckwheat, sugar beet, rapeseed, canola (autumn sowing type) , spring sowing type), sunflowers, sugar cane, tobacco, etc.
Vegetables: Solanaceous vegetables (eggplants, tomatoes, green peppers, hot peppers, bell peppers, potatoes, etc.), cucurbitaceous vegetables (cucumbers, pumpkins, zucchini, watermelons, melons, squash, etc.), cruciferous vegetables (radish, turnips, horseradish, Kohlrabi, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, mustard, broccoli, cauliflower, etc.), Asteraceous vegetables (burdock, Chinese chrysanthemum, artichoke, lettuce, etc.), Liliaceous vegetables (green onions, onions, garlic, asparagus, etc.), Umbelliferous vegetables (carrots, parsley) , celery, American bowhu, etc.), Chenopodiaceous vegetables (spinach, chard, etc.), Labiatae vegetables (perilla, mint, basil, lavender, etc.), strawberries, sweet potatoes, yamanoimo, taro, etc.
Fruit trees: pome fruit (apple, pear, Japanese pear, quince, quince, etc.), stone fruits (peach, plum, nectarine, plum, cherry, apricot, prunes, etc.), citrus fruits (unshu mandarin, orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit) etc.), nuts (chestnuts, walnuts, hazels, almonds, pistachios, cashews, macadamia nuts, etc.), berries (blueberries, cranberries, blackberries, raspberries, etc.), grapes, persimmons, olives, loquats, bananas, coffee, Date palm, coconut palm, etc.
Others: tea, mulberry, flowering trees, roadside trees (ash, birch, dogwood, eucalyptus, ginkgo, lilac, maple, oak, poplar, redbud, sweetberry, sycamore, zelkova, arborvitae, mominoki, hemlock, juniper, pine, spruce, yew ), flowers, foliage plants, grasses, grasses.

The present invention is preferably applied to corn (such as dent corn), wheat (such as hard wheat), or canola (such as spring canola).

The varieties of the above-mentioned plants are not particularly limited as long as they are varieties that are generally cultivated.

The above-described plants may be plants that can be produced by natural crossing, plants that can be generated by mutation, F1 hybrid plants, and transgenic plants (also referred to as transgenic plants). These plants are generally characterized by tolerance to herbicides, accumulation of toxic substances to pests (also called pest resistance), reduced susceptibility to diseases (also called disease resistance), increased yield potential, biotic and abiotic It has characteristics such as improvement of resistance to stress factors, modification of product quality (for example, increase or decrease in content of specific ingredients, change in composition, improvement in storage stability or processability), and the like.

An F1 hybrid plant is a first-generation hybrid obtained by crossing cultivars of two different lines, and is generally a plant having traits of hybrid vigor that are superior to those of either parent. A transgenic plant is a plant that has characteristics that cannot be easily obtained by cross breeding, mutagenesis, or natural recombination in a natural environment by introducing foreign genes from other organisms such as microorganisms. It is a given plant.

Techniques for producing the above plants include, for example, conventional breeding techniques; genetic recombination techniques; genome breeding techniques; new breeding techniques; and genome editing techniques. Conventional breeding techniques are techniques for obtaining plants with desired properties through mutation or crossing. Genetic recombination technology is a technology that extracts a target gene (DNA) from a certain organism (e.g., microorganism) and introduces it into the genome of another target organism, thereby imparting new properties to that organism. Antisense or RNA interference technology that confer new or improved properties by silencing other genes in existence. Genomic breeding technology is a technology for making breeding more efficient using genomic information, and includes DNA marker (also called genomic marker or genetic marker) breeding technology and genomic selection. For example, DNA marker breeding is a method of selecting progeny that have a desired useful trait gene from a large number of mating progeny using a DNA marker, which is a DNA sequence that marks the location of a specific useful trait gene on the genome. be. It has the characteristic that the time required for breeding can be effectively shortened by analyzing the hybrid progeny using DNA markers at the time of seedlings.
In addition, genomic selection is a method of creating prediction formulas from previously obtained phenotypes and genomic information, and predicting traits from the prediction formulas and genomic information without evaluating phenotypes, contributing to more efficient breeding. It is a technology that can New breeding techniques are a general term for breed improvement (breeding) techniques that combine molecular biological techniques. For example, techniques such as cisgenesis/intragenesis, oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, RNA-dependent DNA methylation, genome editing, reverse breeding, agroinfiltration, and Seed Production Technology (SPT). Genome editing technology is a technology that converts genetic information in a sequence-specific manner, and allows deletion of base sequences, substitution of amino acid sequences, introduction of foreign genes, and the like. Examples of such tools include zinc-finger nuclease (Zinc-Finger, ZFN) capable of sequence-specific DNA cleavage, TALEN, CRISPR/Cas9, and CRISPER/Cpf1. and Meganuclease. There are also sequence-specific genome modification techniques such as CAS9 nickase and Target-AID created by modifying the aforementioned tools.

Examples of the above-mentioned plants include genetically modified crops in the electronic information site (http://www.isaaa.org/) of INTERNATINAL SERVICE for the ACQUISITION of AGRI-BIOTECH APPLICATIONS, ISAAA. Examples include plants listed in the registration database (GM APPROVAL DATABASE). More specifically, for example, herbicide-tolerant plants, pest-resistant plants, disease-resistant plants, quality-altered products (e.g., increase/decrease in content of ingredients, change in composition, improvement in preservability or processability) plants , plants with altered fertility traits, plants with abiotic stress tolerance, or plants with altered growth or yield traits.

Examples of plants that have been rendered herbicide-tolerant are listed below.
Mechanisms of resistance to herbicides are, for example, reduced affinity between the herbicide and its targets; inhibition of uptake into plants; and inhibition of translocation of herbicides in plants.

Plants to which herbicide tolerance has been imparted by genetic recombination techniques are, for example, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (hereinafter abbreviated as PPO) herbicides such as flumioxazin; 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvates such as isoxaflutole and mesotrione; dioxygenase (hereinafter abbreviated as HPPD) inhibitors; acetolactate synthase (hereinafter abbreviated as ALS) inhibitors such as imidazolinone herbicides such as imazethapyr and sulfonylurea herbicides such as thifensulfuron-methyl; 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (hereinafter abbreviated as EPSPS) inhibitors; glutamine synthetase inhibitors such as glufosinate; auxin-type herbicides such as 2,4-D and dicamba; Some plants have been given tolerance to oxynil herbicides.
Specific herbicide-tolerant plants are shown below.
Glyphosate herbicide-tolerant plants: glyphosate-tolerant EPSPS gene (CP4 epsps) derived from Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4, glyphosate modified glyphosate N-acetyltransferase gene derived from Bacillus licheniformis N-acetyltransferase gene (gat4601 or gat4621), glyphosate oxidase gene (goxv247) derived from Ochrobacterium anthropi strain LBAA (Ochrobacterium anthropi strain LBAA), or EPSPS gene having glyphosate resistance mutation derived from maize (Zea mays) ( mepsps or 2mepsps). The main plants are, for example, alfalfa (Medicago sativa), Argentine canola (Brassica napus), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera), maize (Zea mays L.), polished canola (Brassica rapa) , potato (Solanum tubeHDDrosum L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Several glyphosate-tolerant plants are commercially available. For example, a transgenic plant introduced with CP4 epsps has a trade name including "Roundup Ready (registered trademark)", and a transgenic plant introduced with gat4601 or gat4621 is called "Optimum GAT (trademark)" or "Optimum (registered trademark)". ) Gly canola” and transgenic plants introduced with mepsps or 2mepsps are sold under the brand name “GlyTol (trademark)”. More specific glyphosate-tolerant plants include, for example, corn "Roundup Ready (trademark) Maize", "Roundup Ready (trademark) 2 Maize", "Agrisure (trademark) GT", "Agrisure (trademark) GT/CB/ LL", "Agrisure™ GT/RW", "Agrisure™ 3000GT", "YieldGard™ VT™ Rootworm™ RR2" and "YieldGard™ VT Triple"; Ready(TM) Soybean" and "Optimum GAT(TM)"; cotton is "Roundup Ready(TM) Cotton", "Roundup Ready(TM) Flex Cotton" and "GlyTol(TM)";'Roundup Ready™ Alfalfa' for alfalfa; 'Roundup Ready Rice' for rice; 'Roundup Ready™ sugarbeet' and 'InVigor™ sugarbeet' for sugar cane Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is sold under the trade name "Roundup Ready™ wheat".
Glyphosinate herbicide-tolerant plants: Phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (hereinafter abbreviated as PAT) gene (bar) from Streptomyces hygroscopicus, Streptomyces viridocr Any one or more of the PAT gene (pat) derived from Streptomyes viridochromogenes or the synthetic PAT gene (pat syn) derived from Streptomyces viridochromogenes strain Tu494 (Streptomyes viridochromogenes strain Tu494) obtained by introducing Main plants include, for example, Argentine canola (Brassica napus), chicory (Cichorium intybus), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), maize (Zea mays L.), polished canola (Brassica rapa), rice (Oryza sativa L.) , soybean (Glycine max L.) and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). Some glufosinate tolerant plants are commercially available. For example, transgenic plants introduced with bar or pat are marketed under the trade names "LibertyLink™", "InVigor™", or "WideStrike™". More specific glyfosinate tolerant plants are e.g. corn "Roundup Ready™ 2", "Liberty Link™", "Herculex™ I", "Herculex RW", "Herculex XTRA™" , "Agrisure™ GT/CB/LL", "Agrisure™ CB/LL/RW" and "Bt10"; cotton is "FiberMax™ Liberty Link™"; rice is "Liberty Link™ ) Rice"; canola is sold under the trade name "inVigor(TM) Canola"; soybean is "Liberty Link(TM) Soybean"; and sugar cane is sold under the trade name "Liberty Link(TM) sugarbeet".
Oxynil herbicide (eg, bromoxynil)-tolerant plant: obtained by introducing a nitrilase gene (bxn) derived from Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. Ozaenae. Major plants include, for example, Argentine canola (Brassica napus), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Several oxynil herbicide-tolerant plants are commercially available. For example, it is sold under trade names including "Navigator(TM)" or "BXN(TM)". More specific oxynil-based herbicide-tolerant plants are, for example, cotton sold under the trade name of "BXN (trademark) Cotton" and Argentine canola under the trade name of "Navigator (trademark) Cotton".
ALS herbicide-tolerant plants: Carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus) into which the ALS herbicide-tolerant ALS gene (surB) derived from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) has been introduced as a selection marker, for example, "Moondust (trademark)", "Moonshadow (trademark)" , Moonshade(TM), Moonlite(TM), Moonaqua(TM), Moonvista(TM), Moonique(TM), Moonpearl(TM), Moonberry(TM) or sold under the trade name "Moonvelvet(TM)". Linum usitatissumum L., into which the ALS gene (als) for ALS herbicide resistance from Arabidopsis thaliana has been introduced, is marketed, for example, under the trade name "CDC Triffid Flax". For example, corn (Zea mays L.) having tolerance to sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides into which ALS herbicide-tolerant ALS gene (zm-hra) derived from maize has been introduced is the trademark of "Optimum GAT (trademark)". sold under the name An imidazolinone herbicide-tolerant soybean into which an Arabidopsis-derived ALS herbicide-tolerant ALS gene (csr1-2) has been introduced is sold, for example, under the trade name of "Cultivance." Soybeans introduced with the ALS herbicide-tolerant ALS gene (gm-hra) derived from soybean (Glycine max) are, for example, trademarks of "Treus (trademark)", "Plenish (trademark)" and "Optimum GAT (trademark)". sold under the name In addition, there is cotton into which an ALS herbicide-tolerant ALS gene (S4-HrA) derived from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi) has been introduced.
HPPD herbicide-tolerant plant: Obtained by introducing HPPD gene (avhppd-03) derived from oat (Avena sativa). For example, soybeans into which the PAT gene (pat) derived from Streptomyces viridochromogenes has been introduced at the same time as the above genes are called "Herbicide-tolerant Soybean line" as soybeans resistant to mesotrione and glufosinate. It is sold under its trade name.
2,4-D-tolerant plants or ACCase herbicide-tolerant plants: introduced aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase gene (aad-1) from Sphingobium herbicidovorans 2 Maize that is tolerant to ,4-D or ACCase herbicides is marketed, for example, under the trade name "Enlist™ Maize". 2,4-D or ACCase herbicide-tolerant soybeans and cotton into which an allyloxyalkanoate dioxygenase gene (aad-12) derived from Delftia acidovorans has been introduced are known. It is sold under the trade name "Enlist(TM) Soybean".
Dicamba herbicide-tolerant plant: obtained by introducing a dicamba monooxygenase gene (dmo) derived from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain DI-6. Soybeans and cotton into which the above genes have been introduced are known. A soybean (Glycine max L.) into which a glyphosate-tolerant EPSPS gene (CP4 epsps) derived from Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4 (Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4) has been introduced at the same time as the above gene is used, for example, in Genuity (R) Roundup It is marketed under the trade name Ready(TM) 2 Xtend(TM).

Examples of plants to which herbicide tolerance has been imparted by conventional breeding techniques or genome breeding techniques include rice "Clearfield (registered trademark)" that is resistant to imidazolinone ALS-inhibiting herbicides such as imazethapyr and imazamox. , wheat 'Clearfield® Wheat', sunflower 'Clearfield® Sunflower', lentil 'Clearfield® lentils' and canola 'Clearfield® canola' (BASF products); Thifensulfuron STS soybean, a soybean that is tolerant to sulfonylurea-based ALS-inhibiting herbicides such as methyl; (also known as "Poast Protected® corn"); sunflower "ExpressSun®", which is tolerant to sulfonylurea herbicides such as tribenuron; and tolerant to acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors such as quizalofop rice 'Provisia™ Rice'; and canola 'Triazine Tolerant Canola' which is tolerant to photosystem II inhibitors; and sorghum 'Igrowth™' which is tolerant to imidazolinone herbicides.

``SU Canola (registered trademark)'', a canola plant with herbicide resistance imparted by genome editing technology that is resistant to sulfonylurea herbicides using Rapid Trait Development System (RTDS (registered trademark)) is mentioned. RTDS (registered trademark) corresponds to the oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of genome editing technology, and cuts DNA in plants through Gene Repair Oligonucleotide (GRON), a chimeric oligonucleotide of DNA and RNA. It is a technique that can introduce mutations without Other examples include maize with reduced herbicide tolerance and phytic acid content by deletion of the endogenous gene IPK1 using zinc finger nuclease (see, e.g., Nature 459, 437-441 2009); Rice that has been made herbicide-tolerant using casthine (see, for example, Rice, 7, 5, 2014).

Plants imparted with herbicide resistance by new breeding techniques include, for example, soybeans whose scions are imparted with the properties of GM rootstocks using breeding techniques utilizing grafting. Specifically, non-transgenic soybean scion with glyphosate tolerance by using Roundup Ready (registered trademark) soybean with glyphosate tolerance as rootstock (See Weed Technology 2013, 27, 412.). .

Examples of plants with pest resistance are given below.

Plants that have been given resistance to lepidopteran pests by genetic recombination technology include, for example, delta-endotoxin (δ-endotoxin), an insecticidal protein derived from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (hereinafter abbreviated as Bt bacteria). Maize (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), poplar (Populus sp.), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) transfected with the encoding gene , eggplant (Solanum melongena) and sugar cane (Saccharum sp.). Examples of delta-endotoxins conferring resistance to lepidopteran pests include Cry1A, Cry1Ab, modified Cry1Ab (partially deleted Cry1Ab), Cry1Ac, Cry1Ab-Ac (hybrid protein in which Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac are fused), Cry1C, Cry1F, Cry1Fa2 (modified cry1F), moCry1F (modified Cry1F), Cry1A. 105 (hybrid protein fused with Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1F), Cry2Ab2, Cry2Ae, Cry9C, Vip3A and Vip3Aa20.
Examples of plants that have been given resistance to coleopteran pests by genetic recombination technology include maize and potatoes into which a gene encoding delta-endotoxin, an insecticidal protein derived from the soil bacterium Bt, has been introduced. . Delta-endotoxins that confer resistance to coleopteran pests include, for example, Cry3A, mCry3A (modified Cry3A), Cry3Bb1, Cry34Ab1, Cry35Ab1, Cry6A, Cry6Aa and mCry6Aa (modified Cry6Aa).
Plants that have been given resistance to Diptera pests by genetic recombination technology include, for example, corn into which a synthetic gene encoding eCry3.1Ab, a hybrid protein that is a fusion of Cry3A and Cry1Ab derived from the soil bacterium Bt, is introduced. (Zea mays L.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) introduced with a gene encoding the trypsin inhibitor CpTI derived from cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Furthermore, there are poplars into which a gene encoding API, which is a protease inhibitor protein A derived from mulberry (Sagittaria sagittifolia), has been introduced, and they exhibit resistance to a wide range of insect pests.
Insecticidal proteins that impart pest resistance to plants also include hybrid proteins, partially deleted proteins, and modified proteins of the above insecticidal proteins. A hybrid protein was created by combining different domains of multiple insecticidal proteins using recombinant technology, Cry1Ab-Ac and Cry1A. 105 etc. are known. As a partially deleted protein, Cry1Ab or the like having partially deleted amino acid sequence is known. Known modified proteins include Cry1Fa2, moCry1F and mCry3A, which are proteins in which one or more amino acids of natural delta-endotoxin are substituted. The modified protein also includes cases where a non-naturally occurring protease recognition sequence is inserted into the toxin. For example, Cry3A055 (see WO2003/018810 See).
Cotton (event MON88702) into which modified BT protein Cry51Aa2 (Cry51Aa2.834_16) was introduced by genetic recombination technology was developed by Monsanto. Shows resistance to thrips such as genus species.
Other insecticidal proteins that impart pest resistance to plants by genetic recombination technology include, for example, insecticidal proteins derived from Bacillus cereus or Bacillus popilliae; plant insecticidal proteins Vip1 and Vip2. , Vip3 (as subclasses, Vip3Aa to Vip3Aj, Vip3Ba, Vip3B and Vip3Ca are known; specifically, for example, Vip3Aa20 and Vip3Aa61 are known) and Vip4; Photorhabdus luminescens, etc. Insecticidal proteins from nematode commensal (nematode colonizing) bacteria such as Photorhabdus spp. or Xenorhabdus spp. such as Xenorhabdus nematophilus; scorpion toxins, spider toxins toxins produced by animals, including insect-specific neurotoxins such as bee toxins; toxins produced by filamentous fungi such as Streptomycetes venom; plant lectins such as pea lectin, barley lectin, snowdrop lectin; agglutinin; protease inhibitors such as trypsin inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, patatin, cystatin, papain inhibitors; ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) such as ricin, maize-RIP, abrin, rufin, saporin, bryodin steroid metabolic enzymes such as 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase, ecdysteroid-UDP-glucosyltransferase and cholesterol oxidase; ecdysone inhibitors; HMG-CoA-reductase; ion channel inhibitors such as sodium channel inhibitors and calcium channel inhibitors; diuretic hormone receptor; stilbene synthase; bibenzyl synthase; chitinase; and glucanase.

Plants to which pest resistance has been imparted by RNA interference technology include lepidopteran pests (e.g. cutworms such as corn borers, corn earworms, black cutworms, and fall armyworms) and coleopteran pests (corn rootworms). ) is commercially available or developed under the trade names "SmartStax®", "SmartStax® Pro" or "Genuity® SmartStax Pro".

Examples of plants that have been given pest resistance by conventional breeding techniques or genome breeding techniques include the aphid resistance gene "Rag1 (Resistance to Aphis glycines 1)" gene or "Rag2 (Resistance to Aphis glycines 1)" gene. 2) Soybean showing resistance to soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) having the gene (see J. Econ. Entomol., 2015, 108, 326.); , 2016, 106, 1444.); cotton showing resistance to Meloidogyne incognita (J. Nematol., 2009, 41, 140); The resistant soybean ``Fukuminori'' can be mentioned.

Examples of plants endowed with disease resistance are given below.

Plants rendered disease resistant by genetic engineering techniques express, for example, so-called "pathogenicity-related proteins" (PRPs, see e.g. EP0392225) or so-called "antifungal proteins" (AFPs, see e.g. US6864068). It is a plant that Various antifungal proteins with activity against phytopathogenic fungi have been isolated from specific plant species and are common knowledge. Examples of such antipathogenic substances and plants capable of synthesizing such antipathogenic substances are known, for example, from EP0392225, WO1993/05153, WO1995/33818 and EP0353191. Plants resistant to fungicidal, viral and bacterial pathogens are produced by introducing disease resistance genes. Numerous resistance genes have been identified, isolated, and used to improve disease resistance, including, for example, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-resistant tobacco plants. the N gene introduced into tobacco lines susceptible to TMV for (see, e.g., US5571706), the Prf gene introduced into plants to obtain enhanced pathogen resistance (see, e.g., WO1998/02545), and and the Rps2 gene from Arabidopsis thaliana (see, eg, WO1995/028423) which has been used to create resistance to bacterial pathogens such as Pseudomonas syringae. Plants exhibiting a systemic acquired resistance response have been obtained by introducing a nucleic acid molecule encoding the TIR domain of the N gene (see eg US6630618). Further examples of known resistance genes include the Xa21 gene, which has been introduced into many rice cultivars (see, e.g., US5952485, US5977434, WO1999/009151, WO1996/022375); the Rcg1 gene (see, for example, US2006/225152), the prp1 gene (see, for example, US5859332, WO2008/017706), the ppv-cp gene that induces resistance to plumpoxvirus (see, for example, US PP15,154Ps), P1 gene (see for example US5968828), genes such as Blb1, Blb2, Blb3, RB2 and Rpi-vnt1 for inducing resistance to phytophthora infestans in potatoes (see for example US7148397), LRPKml genes (see e.g. WO1999/064600), P1 gene for potato virus Y resistance (see e.g. US5968828), HA5-1 gene (see e.g. US5877403 and US6046384), potato virus X (PVX), PIP genes to introduce broad resistance to viruses such as Potato Virus Y (PVY), Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV) (see e.g. EP0707069), and NI16 in Arabidopsis to confer fungal resistance genes, such as the ScaM4 gene and the ScaM5 gene (see, eg, US6706952 and EP1018553). Green beans, which are resistant to Bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV), are plants that have been made resistant by RNA interference technology. (sense and antisense ac1 genes) are introduced to inhibit the synthesis of BGMV replication proteins, resulting in resistance to BGMV. Methods for producing such plants are generally known to those skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the publications mentioned above.
Antipathogenic agents that can be expressed by such plants include, for example, ion channel blockers (sodium channel blockers, calcium channel blockers, etc.); viral KP1, KP4 and KP6 toxins; stilbene synthase; bibenzyl synthase. chitinases; glucanases; so-called "pathogenicity-related proteins"(PRPs; see e.g. EP0392225); antipathogenic substances produced by microorganisms (e.g. peptide antibiotics, heterocyclic antibiotics ) and protein or polypeptide factors involved in plant pathogen defense (so-called "plant disease resistance genes" described in WO2003/000906)).
Antipathogenic substances produced by plants can protect plants from various pathogenic microorganisms such as fungi, viruses and bacteria.
Plants with resistance to fungal pathogens include, for example, soybean with resistance to Phakopsora pachyrhizi and Phakopsora meibomiae (see, for example, WO2008/017706); phytophthora infestans Solanaceous plants such as cotton, tomato, and potato (see, e.g., US5859332, US7148397, EP1334979); /225152); apples with resistance to venturia inaequalis (see for example WO1999/064600); Fusarium sp. culmorum, fusarium poae, fusarium acuminatum, fusarium equiseti) (e.g. rice, wheat, barley, rye, maize, oat, potato, melon, soybean and sorghum) (see e.g. US6646184, EP1477557); Plants such as corn, soybeans, cereals (especially wheat, barley, rye and oats), rice, tobacco, sorghum, sugar cane, potatoes with broad fungicidal resistance (e.g. US5859332, US5689046, US6706952, EP1018553 and US6020129) See).
Plants with resistance to bacterial pathogens include, for example, rice with resistance to xylella fastidiosa (see for example US6232528); rice, cotton with resistance to bacterial blight, Plants such as soybean, potato, sorghum, maize, wheat, barley, sugar cane, tomato and pepper (see e.g. WO2006/42145, US5952485, US5977434, WO1999/09151, WO1996/22375); Tomatoes with resistance (see, eg, Can. J. Plant Path., 1983, 5:251-255).
Plants having resistance to viral pathogens include, for example, stone fruits (e.g., plums, almonds, apricots, cherries, peaches, nectarines) having resistance to plum pox virus (e.g., US PP15154Ps, Potatoes resistant to potato virus Y (see e.g. US5968828); Potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers resistant to tomato spotted wilt virus. and legumes (see e.g. EP0626449, US5973135); corn with resistance to maize streak virus (see e.g. US6040496); papaya ring spot virus papaya (e.g., S5877403, see US6046384) with resistance to cucumber mosaic virus); Cucurbitaceae with resistance to watermelon mosaic virus 2 and zucchini yellow mosaic virus. plants (e.g. cucumbers, melons, watermelons and pumpkins) (see e.g. US6015942); potatoes with resistance to potato leafroll virus (see e.g. US5576202); potato virus X, Potatoes with broad resistance to viruses such as potato virus Y, potato leafroll virus (see e.g. EP0707069); Bean golden mosaic virus Kidney beans with resistance (e.g., M. ol Plant Microbe Interact. 2007 Jun;20(6):717-26.).
Some plants are resistant to antibiotics (eg kanamycin, neomycin and ampicillin). The naturally occurring bacterial nptII gene expresses an enzyme that blocks the action of the antibiotics kanamycin and neomycin. The ampicillin resistance gene, ampR (also known as blaTEM1), is derived from the bacterium Salmonella paratyphi and is used as a marker gene in microbial and plant transformation. ampR is involved in the synthesis of beta-lactamase, an enzyme that neutralizes the penicillin class of antibiotics, including ampicillin. Plants with resistance to antibiotics include, for example, potatoes, tomatoes, flax, canola, rapeseed, oilseed rape seeds and maize (see, for example, Plant Cell Reports, 20, 2001, 610-615, Trends in Plant Science, 11, 2006, 317-319, Plant Molecular Biology, 37, 1998, 287-296, Mol Gen Genet., 257, 1998, 606-13, Plant Cell Reports, 6, 1987, 333-336, Federal Register (USA), Vol.60, No.113, 1995, p.31139, Federal Register (USA), Vol.67, No.226, 2002, p.70392, Federal Register (USA), Vol.63, No. 88, 1998, page 25194, Federal Register (USA), Vol. 60, No. 141, 1995, page 37870, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, FD/OFB-095-264-A, October 1999, FD/ OFB-099-127-A, October 1999). Preferably, said plants are selected from soybeans, tomatoes and oats (e.g. wheat, barley, rye and oats), most preferably soybeans and oats (e.g. wheat, barley, rye and oats). be.
Available plant virus disease resistant plants include, for example, papaya 'Rainbow', 'SunUp' and 'Huanong No. 1' resistant to the Papaya ringspot virus. potatoes showing resistance to phytophthora infestans "Innate® Hibernate", "Innate® Glaciate" and "Innate® Acclimate"; potato virus Y and/or potato cigars Potato "Newleaf™" showing resistance to virus (PLRV).

As a plant to which disease resistance has been imparted by conventional breeding technology or genome breeding technology, rice with resistance to blast (blast); resistance to sheath blight (sheath blight) wheat with resistance to leaf rust; wheat with resistance to stripe rust; wheat with resistance to stem rust; wheat made resistant to powdery mildew; wheat made resistant to leaf blotch; wheat made resistant to glume blotch; wheat made resistant to (tan spot); barley made resistant to powdery mildew; barley made resistant to dwarf leaf rust; barley made resistant to scald; barley made resistant to Ramularia disease; resistance to Anthracnose maize made resistant to gray leaf spot; maize made resistant to Goss's wilt; Fusarium stalk soybean made resistant to Asian soybean rust; soybean made resistant to phytophthora stem and root rot; sudden death soybeans made resistant to sudden death syndrome; peppers made resistant to Phytophthora rot; lettuce made resistant to powdery mildew; wilt); tomatoes made resistant to the Gemini virus; downy mildew ( lettuce with resistance to clubroot; cruciferous plants such as rapeseed, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, Borekale, and broccoli with resistance to clubroot; cruciferous plants such as rapeseed, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, collard greens (Borekale), broccoli, etc.; against Fusarimu wilt of melons caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Melon to which resistance has been imparted (see, for example, WO2009/000736).

By deleting the powdery mildew resistance gene (MILDEW RESISTACE LOCUS O, hereinafter abbreviated as MLO) using taren and crisper cassine as plants endowed with disease resistance by genome editing technology, powdery mildew Bread wheat showing resistance to powdery mildew (see, for example, Nat.Biotech., 32, 947-951 2014); slmlo1 tomato (Tomelo), which is resistant to powdery mildew (see, for example, Scientific Reports 7, Article number: 482, 2017); rice resistant to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae (see Nat.Biotechnol. 30, 390-392 2012); Genetically modified rice that is resistant to Magnaporthe oryzae, which causes blast (see PLoS ONE 11:e0154027. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154027 2016); Crisper Cass Resistance to cucumber vein yellow ingvirus (CVYV), zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), and papaya ringspot virus-type W (PRSV-W) was induced by disruption of the recessive eIF4E (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E) gene using Nine. cucumber shown (see Mol. PlantPathol. 17, 7 1140-1153 2016); soybean (Mol Plant Pathol 17(1)1 27-139 2016).

Examples of plants with altered product quality are listed below.
Modification of product quality means the synthesis of an altered component or an increase or decrease in the amount of a component synthesized compared to a corresponding wild-type plant. Plants with modified product quality include, for example, modified plants with increased or decreased content of vitamins, amino acids, proteins and starches, various oils, and modified plants with decreased nicotine content.

Plants whose product quality has been modified by genetic recombination technology include, for example, alfalfa-derived S-adenosyl-L-methionine:trans-caffeoyl-CoA 3-methyltransferase (ccomt) gene involved in lignin production. Alfalfa whose lignin content is reduced by RNA interference by introducing a gene that produces RNA; triacylglycerides containing lauric acid by introducing a 12:0 ACP thioesterase gene derived from Laurier (Umbellularia californica) involved in fatty acid synthesis Canola with increased content "Laurical™ Canola"; expression of soybean-derived ω-6 desaturase, a fatty acid desaturase, is suppressed by introducing a partial gene (gm-fad2-1), Soybeans "Plenish™" and "Treus™" with increased oleic acid content; a double-stranded RNA-producing gene of the soybean-derived acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase gene (fatb1-A); Soybean "Vistive Gold (trademark)" with reduced saturated fatty acid content by introducing a gene that produces double-stranded RNA of the delta-12 desaturase gene (fad2-1A) derived from soybean; delta-6 desaturase gene derived from primrose (Pj. D6D) and a transgenic soybean in which stearidonic acid, one of the ω3 fatty acids, was produced by introducing the delta-12 desaturase gene (Nc. Fad3) derived from Neurospora (Nc. Fad3); Thermococcales sp.) thermostable alpha-amylase gene (amy797E) for bioethanol production enhanced corn "Enogen®"; Corynebacterium glutamicum for the production of the amino acid lysine; Corn "Mavera™ Maize" and "Mavera™ YieldGard™ Maize" with increased lysine production by introducing the dihydrodipicolinate synthase gene (cordapA) from ); (granule-bound starch synthase enzame, GBSS) antisense gene gbss introduced Potatoes "Amflora (trademark)" and "Starch Potato" with reduced amylose content and increased amylopectin content in starch granules; Double chains of transcription factor genes PhL and R1 that promote starch degradation derived from potatoes Introduction of genes pPhL and pR1 that produce RNA suppresses the degradation of starch, and introduction of the gene Asn1 that produces double-stranded RNA of the gene Asn1 involved in the production of asparagine suppresses synthesis of asparagine (a carcinogenic substance caused by heating). The purpose is to suppress the accumulation of asparagine and reducing sugars involved in the production of a certain acrylamide), and the potato "Innate ( Cultivate (registered trademark), Innate (registered trademark) Generate, Innate (registered trademark) Accelerate, Innate (registered trademark) Invigorate, Innate (registered trademark) Glaciate, Innate (registered trademark) Acclimate and "Innate (registered trademark) Hibernate"; Tobacco with reduced nicotine content by introducing the antisense gene (NtQPT1) of the quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase gene QpTase derived from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum); Narcissus pseudonarcissus β-carotene is produced in the endosperm tissue by introducing the phytoene synthase gene (psy) derived from the plant and the carotene desaturase gene (crt1) derived from the soil bacterium (Erwinia uredovora) that synthesizes carotenoids and expressing them specifically in the endosperm. Golden rice, which is a rice that can be harvested for rice containing vitamin A, can be mentioned. Others include, for example, potato and maize modified for amylopectin content (see, for example, US6784338, US2007/0261136, WO1997/04471); canola, maize, cotton, grape, cattail modified for oil content. , catalpa, rice, soybean, rapeseed, wheat, sunflower, bitter melon, safflower and plants of the genus Vernonia (e.g. /079499, US2006/0075515 and US7294759); sunflower with increased fatty acid content (see e.g. US6084164); soybean with reduced allergen content (see e.g. US6864362); canola and soybeans with increased lysine content (see, e.g. Bio/Technology 13, 1995, 577-582); methionine, leucine, isoleucine and /or maize and soybean with modified valine composition (see e.g. US6946589, US6905877); soybean with increased sulfur amino acid content (e.g. EP0929685, see WO1997/041239); 3 from Escherichia coli Maize with increased methionine content by leaf-specific expression of '-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate reductase (PNAS, 2017, 114(43 ), 11386.); tomatoes with increased free amino acid (e.g. asparagine, aspartic acid, serine, threonine, alanine, histidine and glutamic acid) content (see e.g. US6727411); corn with increased amino acid content (e.g. , WO05/077117); potatoes, maize and rice with modified starch content (see, for example, WO1997/044471 and US7317146); tomatoes, maize, grapes, alfalfa, apples, legumes and peas with modified flavonoid content (see, for example, WO00/04175); maize, rice, sorghum with modified phenolic compound content, cotton and soybeans (see for example US2008/0235829); tomatoes and canola with increased vitamin A content (see for example US6797498, US7348167); tomatoes, canola, soybeans, wheat with increased vitamin E content; sunflowers, rice, maize, barley and rye (see e.g. US7348167, WO2004/058934); alfalfa, apples, beans, maize, grapes, tomatoes and peas with modified flavonoid content (see e.g. WO00/04175) ). Methods for producing such plants are generally known to those skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the publications mentioned above.

Rapeseed "Nexera® Canola" that produces unsaturated omega-9 fatty acids as a plant whose product quality has been modified by conventional breeding technology or genome breeding technology; soybean with reduced allergen content 'Yumeminori'; Rice that has been modified to have a better taste, such as 'Yumepirika', a rice with reduced amylose content, is commercially available. Also known are citrus fruits with altered fruit characteristics (eg, fruit weight, flavor, juiciness and sugar content) through genomic selection (see Scientific Reports 7, 4721, 2017).

Plants with altered plant nutrient utilization include, for example, plants with enhanced nitrogen or phosphorus assimilation or metabolism. Plants having nitrogen assimilation and nitrogen utilization enhanced by genetic recombination technology include, for example, canola, corn, wheat, sunflower, rice, tobacco, soybean, cotton, alfalfa, tomato, wheat, potato, sugar beet, sugarcane and Rapeseed can be mentioned (see for example WO1995/009911, WO1997/030163, US6084153, US5955651 and US6864405). Examples of plants in which phosphorus uptake has been improved by genetic recombination technology include alfalfa, barley, canola, corn, cotton, tomato, rapeseed, rice, soybean, sugar beet, sugar cane, sunflower, wheat and potato (e.g., US7417181, US2005/0137386). Methods for producing such plants are generally known to those skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the publications mentioned above.

Plants whose fertility traits and the like have been modified by gene recombination techniques include plants endowed with male sterility and fertility-restoring traits. For example, maize and chicory that have been rendered male-sterile by expressing the ribonuclease gene (barnase) from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the anther tapetum cells; Maize conferred male sterility trait by introduction; maize-derived alpha-amylase gene (zm-aa1) conferring male-sterility trait and maize-derived ms45 protein gene (ms45) conferring fertility-restoring trait maize whose fertility traits are controlled by culturing; canola whose fertility restoration function is imparted by expressing a ribonuclease inhibitory protein gene (barstar) derived from Bacillus in anther tapetum cells; bacillus that confers male sterility traits Examples include canola whose fertility traits have been controlled by expressing a ribonuclease gene (barnase) derived from the fungus and a ribonuclease inhibitory protein gene (barstar) derived from Bacillus that imparts fertility-restoring traits. Other plants that have been given fertility traits by genetic recombination technology include tomato, rice, mustard, wheat, soybean and sunflower (e.g. US6720481, US6281348, US5659124, US6399856, US7345222, US7230168, US6072102, EP1135982, WO2001 /092544 and WO1996/040949). Methods for producing such plants are generally known to those skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the publications mentioned above.

Plants endowed with abiotic stress tolerance are exposed to drought, high salinity, high light intensity, high UV irradiation, chemical pollution (e.g. high heavy metal concentrations), low or high temperature, limited nutrients (i.e. nitrogen, phosphorus). plants exhibiting increased tolerance to abiotic stress conditions, such as low feeding and population stress (see for example WO2000/004173, WO2007/131699, CA2521729 and US2008/0229448).

Examples of plants to which abiotic stress tolerance has been imparted by genetic recombination techniques include rice, maize, soybean, sugar cane, alfalfa, wheat, tomato, potato, barley, rapeseed, bean, oat, and sorghum, which are resistant to drought. and cotton (see e.g. WO2005/048693, WO2008/002480 and WO2007/030001); cold tolerant maize, soybean, wheat, cotton, rice, rapeseed and alfalfa (see e.g. US4731499 and WO2007/112122); Rice, cotton, potato, soybean, wheat, barley, rye, sorghum, alfalfa, grape, tomato, sunflower and tobacco (see for example US7256326, US7034139, WO/2001/030990) that are tolerant to high salinity. There is also corn "DroughtGard (registered trademark)" (manufactured by Monsanto) into which the cold shock protein gene cspB of Bacillus subtilis has been introduced.

Plants to which abiotic stress tolerance has been imparted by conventional breeding techniques or genome breeding techniques include, for example, maize with drought tolerance, "Agrisure Artesian (registered trademark)" and "Optimum ( It is developed under the trade name of AQUAmax (registered trademark).

Plants with other properties are plants with altered maturity properties. Modification of ripening properties includes, for example, delayed ripening, delayed softening and early maturation. Plants whose maturity characteristics have been modified by genetic recombination technology include, for example, the introduction of the S-adenosylmethione hydrolase gene (sam-K) derived from Escherichia coli bacteriophage T3, which is involved in the production of the plant hormone ethylene. melons and tomatoes with improved efficiencies; ACC synthase gene derived from tomato involved in the production of ethylene, a plant hormone, with a partial deletion, ACC deaminase gene derived from Pseudomonas chlororaphis that degrades ACC, an ethylene precursor. , by introducing one or more of the tomato-derived polygalacturonase gene that degrades cell wall pectin, a gene that produces double-stranded RNA, or a tomato-derived ACC oxidase gene that is involved in ethylene production. Tomatoes with improved shelf life: Tomatoes with improved shelf life by introducing the gene pg that produces double-stranded RNA of the tomato-derived polygalacturonase gene ``FLAVR SAVR (trademark)''. Other plants whose maturity characteristics have been modified by genetic recombination technology include, for example, delayed ripening tomatoes, melons, raspberries, strawberries, muskmelons, peppers and papaya (e.g., US5767376, US7084321, US6107548, US5981831, WO1995/035387, US5952546, US5512466, WO1997/001952, WO1992/008798, Plant Cell. 1989, 53-63, and Plant Molecular Biology, 50, 2002). Methods for producing such plants are generally known to those skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the publications mentioned above.

Plants to which other quality modifications have been imparted by genetic recombination technology include, for example, endogenous by introducing the 3-phytase gene (phyA) derived from Aspergillus niger, which is a plant phytic acid-degrading enzyme. Canola "Phytaseed (registered trademark) Canola" with enhanced decomposition of phytic acid; Dihydroflavonol-4-reductase gene derived from Petunia hybrida, which is an enzyme that produces the blue pigment delphinidin and its derivatives, Petunia, Pansy (Viola wittrockiana), salvia (Salvia splendens), or carnations "Moondust (trademark)" and "Moonshadow" whose flower color is controlled to blue by introducing flavonoid-3', 5'-hydroxylase genes derived from carnations (trademark)", "Moonshade (trademark)", "Moonlite (trademark)", "Moonaqua (trademark)", "Moonvista (trademark)", "Moonique (trademark)", "Moonpearl (trademark)", "Moonberry (trademark)" Trademark)” and “Moonvelvet (trademark)”; anthocyanin-5-acyltransferase gene from Torenia sp., an enzyme that produces the blue pigment delphinidin and its derivatives, and flavonoid-3,5′ from pansy. - a rose whose flower color is controlled to blue by introducing a hydroxylase gene; a rice plant that has an immunotolerant effect and a hay fever alleviating effect by introducing a modified cedar pollen antigen protein gene (7crp); Maize with enhanced degradation of endogenous phytic acid by introducing the 3-phytase gene (phyA); producing high quality fibers with improved fiber micronaire, increased fiber strength, length uniformity and color cotton (see, for example, WO1996/26639, US7329802, US6472588 and WO2001/17333).

Examples of plants whose traits related to plant growth and yield are modified include plants with enhanced growth ability. Plants whose traits related to growth and yield have been modified by genetic recombination technology, for example, by introducing a gene (bbx32) that encodes a transcription factor derived from Arabidopsis thaliana that regulates diurnal characteristics, plant growth is enhanced, resulting in Soybean, which is expected to produce high yield as a fermented soybean; the introduction of a transcription factor gene (athb17) belonging to class II (HD-Zip II) of homeodomain-leucine 14 zipper (HD-Zip) family derived from Arabidopsis thaliana increased ear weight. As a result, corn with high yield potential has been developed.

The IPK1 gene, which encodes inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase, an enzyme for phytic acid biosynthesis, was deleted using zinc finger nuclease as a plant whose quality has been modified by genome editing technology. Maize ``ZFN-12 maize'' with reduced phytic acid content by depleting it; Browning resistance is conferred by deleting the gene encoding polyphenol oxidase using crisper casnine. mushrooms (see, for example, Nature., Vol 532, 21 APRIL 2016).

In rice, genes exhibiting resistance to many diseases, insect pests and abiotic stresses are known, and the production of resistant cultivars into which these genes are introduced has been popular. Genes showing resistance to diseases and abiotic stress in rice include, for example, BPH1, BPH2, BPH3, BPH4, BPH5, BPH6, BPH7, BPH8, BPH9, BPH10, BPH11, BPH12, BPH13, BPH14, BPH15, and BPH17. , BPH18, BPH19, BPH20, BPH21, BPH22, BPH23, BPH24, BPH25, BPH26, BPH27, BPH28, BPH29, BPH32, qBPH-12, qBPHR-1, qBPHR-3, qBPHR-8, qBPHR-5-1, qBPHR Brown planthopper resistance genes such as -5-2, qBPHR-11-1, qBPHR-11-2; WBPH1, WBPH2, WBPH3, WBPH4, WBPH5, WBPH6, OVC, qOVA-5-2, qOVA1-3, qOVA5-1 Brown planthopper resistance genes such as; , GLH7, GLH8, GLH9, GLH10, GLH11, GLH12, GLH13, GRH1, GRH2, GRH3, GRH4, GRH5, Zlh1, Zlh2, Zlh3, qGRH-4, qGRH-2, qGRH-5, qGRH-6, qGRH-11 , qGRH-3 and other leafhopper resistance genes; SB and other leafhopper resistance genes; , PISE3, IPI, PISE1, PI157, PIQ4, PI21, PIA, PIB, PIK, PIKUR1, PIKUR2, PI3, PIF, PIZH, PIR4, PIR7, PI30, PI, PIGD2, PIG, PIGD3, PIGD1, PIZ, PI18, PIM , PI17, PI20, PI1, PI19, PI5, PISH, PI10, PI9, PI21, PI22, PI44, PI22, PI13, PII, PIB1, PIQ1, PIQ2, PIQ3, PIIS1, PII2, PI62, PI12, IPI3, PI14, PI15 , P I16, PIT, PI11, PI6, PI23, PI14, PI11, PIIS2, PIB2, PI12, PI39, PI40, PITA, PIR2-3, PIR9-2, PIR12-2, PIRF2-1, qRBR-2, qRBR-3, PI27, PI28, PI26, PIGM, PI47, PI48, PI7, PI56, PI49, PI34, PIKG, PI38, PI32, PI31, PI46, PIX, PIXY, Pita3, PI41, PI42, PI2, PI36, PI37, PIKH, PIKM, PIKP, PI35, PIZ5, PIB2, PI43, PI50, PI51, PID1, PIY1, PIY2, PI55-2, PICO39, PI55-1, PIBH8, PIR7A, PIR7B, PID2, PI33, qBFR4-1, qBFR4-2, qRBR- 2, qRBR-3, qRBR-8, qRBR-1-1, qRBR-1-3, qRBR-7-1, qRBR-7-2, qRBR-9-1, qRBR-9-2, qRBR-9- 3, blast resistance genes such as qRBR-1-2 and qRBR-1-4; stripe leaf blight resistance genes such as STVA, STVB, and Stvb-i; XA21D, XA, XA40, XA NM, XA8, XA33 , XA34, XA35, XA36, XA37, XA7, XA3, XA25, XA28, XA29, XA30, XA31, XA32, XA38, XA39, XA11, XA16, XA17, XA18, XA19, XA20, XA14, XA2, XA12, XA1, XA K, XA A, XA H, XA10, XA23, XA22, XA24, XA21, SERRT13, XA4, XA5, bacterial leaf blight resistance genes such as XA13; qSB-2, qSB-3, qSB-7, qSB-11, Sheath blight resistance gene such as qSB-9-1; leaf blight resistance gene such as CE; yellow dwarf disease resistance gene such as YDV; black streak dwarf disease resistance gene such as BSV; Amy3A, Amy3B, etc. High-temperature attendance resistance genes; dul3, qAC9.3, rsr1, Wx and Wx1-1, etc. hypoamylose genes; AP01, SCM2, Sd1, etc. lodging resistance genes; Cold tolerance genes such as CTB1, CTB2, qLTG3-1; Drought tolerance genes such as Dro1; DEP1, Cn1a, GPS, SPIKE, PTB1, TAWAWA1, WFP, IPA1, GS 3, genes related to the number of rice or seed shape such as GS5, GS6, GL3.1, GW2, GW8, qGL3, qSS7, qSW5; genes regulating day length responsiveness such as Hd1, Ghd8, DTH8; FLO4, PDIL1, etc. lipoxygenase-deficient genes such as LOX3 (reducing the smell of old rice); and genes related to amylopectin chain length such as Alk. Rice cultivars into which one or more of these genes are integrated simultaneously have been developed or marketed.

Genetic recombination technology, conventional breeding technology, genome breeding technology, new breeding technology, genome editing technology, etc. are used for the above-mentioned plants, and the above-mentioned abiotic stress tolerance, disease resistance, weeding By crossing lines that have been endowed with two or more types of traits such as chemical resistance, pest resistance, growth and yield traits, modification of nutrient utilization, modification of product quality, fertility traits, etc., and plants with similar or different characteristics Also included are plants to which two or more properties possessed by the parent line have been imparted.

Commercially available plants endowed with tolerance to more than one herbicide include, for example, glyphosate and glufosinate tolerant cotton "GlyTol™ LibertyLink™" and "GlyTol™ LibertyLink™"; Glyphosate-tolerant and glufosinate-tolerant corn "Roundup Ready™ LibertyLink™ Maize"; glufosinate-tolerant and 2,4-D-tolerant soybean "Enlist™ Soybean"; glyphosate-tolerant and dicamba-tolerant soybean " Genuity® Roundup Ready™ 2 Xtend™”; corn and soybeans with glyphosate tolerance and ALS inhibitor tolerance “OptimumGAT™”; three herbicides glyphosate, glufosinate and 2,4-D genetically modified soybeans "Enlist E3™" and "Enlist™ Roundup Ready 2 Yield®" that are tolerant to; glyphosate, 2,4-D and allyloxyphenoxypropionic acid (FOPs) herbicides Corn "Enlist™ Roundup Ready® Corn 2" that is tolerant to glyphosate, 2,4-D and allyloxyphenoxypropionic acid-based (FOPs) herbicides; Ready® Corn 2”; cotton that is tolerant to dicamba, glyphosate and glufosinate; “Bollgard II® XtendFlex™ Cotton”; a cotton 'Enlist™ Cotton'; and a soybean 'Liberty Link® GT27™' which is tolerant to three herbicides: glyphosate, glufosinate and HPPD herbicides (e.g. isoxaflutole). . Others include: cotton tolerant to both glufosinate and 2,4-D; cotton tolerant to both glufosinate and dicamba; maize tolerant to both glyphosate and 2,4-D; Soybeans tolerant to both; corn tolerant to glyphosate, glufosinate, 2,4-D, allyloxyphenoxypropionic acid (FOPs) herbicides and cyclohexadione (DIMs) herbicides have also been developed.
Commercially available plants endowed with herbicide tolerance and pest resistance include, for example, glyphosate-tolerant and corn borer-resistant corn "YieldGard Roundup Ready™" and "YieldGard Roundup Ready 2™". corn "Agrisure CB/LL™" with glufosinate tolerance and corn borer resistance; corn "Yield Gard VT Root worm/RR2™" with glyphosate tolerance and corn rootworm resistance; corn "Yield Gard VT Triple™" with resistance to corn rootworm and corn borer; corn 'Herculex I™' with glyphosate tolerance and corn rootworm resistance; corn 'YieldGard Corn Rootworm/Roundup Ready 2™' with glyphosate tolerance and corn rootworm resistance; glufosinate tolerance and maize coleoptera corn "Agrisure GT/RW™" with pest resistance (Cry3A) (e.g. resistance to Western corn rootworm, Northern corn rootworm and Mexican corn rootworm); glufosinate tolerance and coleopteran pest resistance ( Cry34/35Ab1) (e.g. resistance to Western corn rootworm, Northern corn rootworm and Mexican corn rootworm); Yield Gard VT Root worm/RR2™; cotton with dicamba tolerance, glyphosate tolerance, glyphosinate tolerance and resistance to cotton lepidopteran pests (e.g., resistance to ballworms and tobacco budworms, armyworms, etc.) There is "Bollgard® 3 XtendFlex®".

Examples of commercially available plants endowed with disease resistance and pest resistance include potato virus Y (Potato virus Y) resistance and pest resistance endowed potato "Hi-Lite NewLeaf (trademark) Y Potato", "NewLeaf™ Y Russet Burbank Potato" and "Shepody NewLeaf™ Y Potato"; Potato leafroll virus resistance and pest resistance conferred potato "NewLeaf™ Plus Russet Burbank Potato'.

Commercially available plants endowed with traits of herbicide tolerance and product quality modification include, for example, canola 'InVigor™ Canola' endowed with glufosinate tolerance and fertility traits; corn "InVigor™ Maize" that has been developed; and soybean "Vistive Gold™" that has been made glyphosate tolerant and modified for oil content.

Examples of commercial plants with 3 or more traits include glyphosate tolerance, glufosinate tolerance and lepidopteran resistance (Cry1F) (i.e. against western beancutworm, corn borer, blackcutworm and fall armyworm). corn "Herculex I/Roundup Ready 2™" with glyphosate tolerance, corn rootworm resistance and corn borer resistance "YieldGard Plus/Roundup Ready 2™"; glyphosate tolerance, glufosinate Corn 'Agrisure GT/CB/LL™' with tolerance and corn borer resistance; corn "Herculex Xtra™" with resistance to lepidopteran pests such as corn borer, black cutworm and fall armyworm and coleopteran pests such as western corn rootworm, northern corn rootworm, Mexican corn rootworm; Maize with glufosinate tolerance, corn borer resistance (Cry1Ab) and coleopteran insect resistance (Cry3A) (i.e. resistance to Western corn rootworm, Northern corn rootworm and Mexican corn rootworm) "Agrisure CB/LL/RW ( corn with glyphosate tolerance, corn borer resistance (Cry1Ab) and coleopteran resistance (Cry3A) (i.e. resistance to Western corn rootworm, Northern corn rootworm and Mexican corn rootworm) "Agrisure )3000GT"; corn with glyphosate tolerance, corn rootworm and European corn borer resistance and high lysine traits "Mavera high-value corn"; European corn borer, Southwestern corn borer, corn earworm, fall armyworm, black Optimum (registered trademark) Leptra (registered trademark) of maize that is resistant to pests that damage the above-ground parts of plants such as cutworms and/or western beanworms glyphosate tolerance, glufosinate tolerance, frogeye leaf spot resistance, sudden death syndrome resistance, southern stem canker resistance, phytophthora stem and root rot resistance, southern root-knot nematode resistance, stem rot resistance, brown stem rot resistance, soybean cyst nematode resistance, iron Soybean 'Credenz® soybean' with improved iron chlorosis and modified chloride sensitivity; cotton 'Stoneville®' with multiple herbicide and insect resistance )Cotton (there are nine varieties, ST5517GLTP, ST4848GLT, ST4949GLT, ST5020GLT, ST5115GLT, ST6182GLT, ST4747GLB2, ST4946GLB2, and ST6448GLB2, in response to the occurrence of weeds and pests in the field in each region). .

Plant diseases that can be controlled by the present invention include plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic microorganisms such as fungi, Oomycete, and Phytomyxea. Fungi include, for example, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Blasocladiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Mucoromycota and Olpidiomycota. Specifically, the following are mentioned, for example. Parentheses indicate the scientific name of the phytopathogenic microorganism that causes each disease.

Rice diseases: Pyricularia oryzae, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Rhizoctonia solani, Gibberella fujikuroi, Sclerophthora macrospora, Sclerophthora macrospora, and Epicoccum nigrum, Trichoderma viride, Rhizopus oryzae;
Wheat diseases: Powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis), Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium culmorum, Microdochium nivale, Yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis), Black rust (Puccinia graminis), Red rust (Puccinia recondita) , P. triticina), red snow rot (Microdochium nivale, Microdochium majus), snow rot (Typhula incarnata, Typhula ishikariensis), bare smut (Ustilago tritici), raw smut (Tilletia caries, Tilletia controversa) , Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, Septoria tritici, Stagonospora nodorum, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Rhizoctonia solani, Take-off (Gaeumannomyces graminis), blast (Pyricularia graminis-tritici);
Barley diseases: Powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis), Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium culmorum, Microdochium nivale, Yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis), Black rust (Puccinia graminis), Small rot (Puccinia) hordei), Naked smut (Ustilago nuda), Rhynchosporium secalis, Pyrenophora teres, Cochliobolus sativus, Pyrenophora graminea, Ramularia collo-cygni ), seedling wilt caused by Rhizoctonia (Rhizoctonia solani);
Corn diseases: Puccinia sorghi, Puccinia polysora, Setosphaeria turcica, Physopella zeae, Cochliobolus heterostrophus, Colletotrichum graminicola ), gray leaf spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis), brown spot (Kabatiella zeae), Phaeosphaeria leaf spot (Phaeosphaeria maydis), Diplodia (Stenocarpella maydis, Stenocarpella macrospora), Stokerot disease (Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium verticilioides, Colletotrichum graminicola, Ustilago maydis, Physoderma maydis;
Cotton diseases: Colletotrichum gossypii, Ramularia areola, Alternaria macrospora, Alternaria gossypii, Black root rot (Thielaviopsis basicola);
Coffee diseases: rust (Hemileia vastatrix), leaf spot (Cercospora coffeicola);
Diseases of oilseed rape: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Alternaria brassicae, Phoma lingam, light leaf spot Pyrenopeziza brassicae;
Sugar cane diseases: rust (Puccinia melanocephela, Puccinia kuehnii), smut (Ustilago scitaminea);
sunflower diseases: rust (Puccinia helianthi), downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedii);
citrus diseases: black spot (Diaporthe citri), scab (Elsinoe fawcetti), late blight (Phytophthora parasitica, Phytophthora citrophthora);
Apple diseases: Monilinia mali, rot (Valsa ceratosperma), powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha), leaf spot (Alternaria alternata apple pathotype), scab (Venturia inaequalis), anthracnose (Glomerella cingulata, Colletotrichum) acutatum), Diplocarpon mali, Botryosphaeria berengeriana, Phytophtora cactorum, Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae, Gymnosporangium yamadae;
pear diseases: Venturia nashicola, Venturia pirina, Alternaria alternata Japanese pear pathotype, Gymnosporangium haraeanum;
Peach diseases: Monilinia fructicola, Cladosporium carpophilum, Phomopsis sp., Taphrina deformans;
Grape diseases: black rot (Elsinoe ampelina), late rot (Glomerella cingulata, Colletotrichum acutatum), powdery mildew (Uncinula necator), rust (Phakopsora ampelopsidis), blacklot (Guignardia bidwellii), downy mildew ( Plasmopara viticola);
Diseases of oysters: anthracnose (Gloeosporium kaki, Colletotrichum acutatum), defoliation (Cercospora kaki, Mycosphaerella nawae);
Cucurbit diseases: Colletotrichum lagenarium, Sphaerotheca fuliginea, Didymella bryoniae, Corynespora cassiicola, Fusarium oxysporum, Pseudoperonospora cubensis ), late blight (Phytophthora capsici), seedling blight (Pythium sp.);
Tomato diseases: Alternaria solani, Cladosporium fulvum, Pseudocercospora fuligena, Phytophthora infestans, Leveillula taurica;
Eggplant diseases: Phomopsis vexans, powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum);
Diseases of cruciferous vegetables: black spot (Alternaria japonica), white spot (Cercosporella brassicae), clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae), downy mildew (Peronospora parasitica), white rust (Albugo candida);
Diseases of Allium: Rust (Puccinia allii);
Soybean diseases: purpura (Cercospora kikuchii), black spot (Elsinoe glycines), black spot (Diaporthe phaseolorum var. sojae), rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi), brown spot (Corynespora cassiicola), anthracnose (Colletotrichum glycines) , Colletotrichum truncatum), leaf rot (Rhizoctonia solani), brown spot (Septoria glycines), leaf spot (Cercospora sojina), sclerotinia (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), powdery mildew (Microsphaera diffusa), stem blight (Phytophthora sojae) , downy mildew (Peronospora manshurica), sudden death (Fusarium virguliforme), black root rot (Calonectria ilicicola), Diaporthe/Phomopsis complex (Diaporthe longicolla);
Common bean diseases: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Uromyces appendiculatus, Phaeoisariopsis griseola, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, Fusarium solani;
Peanut diseases: black stain (Cercospora personata), brown spot (Cercospora arachidicola), white silk (Sclerotium rolfsii), black root rot (Calonectria ilicicola);
Pea diseases: powdery mildew (Erysiphe pisi), root rot (Fusarium solani);
Potato diseases: Alternaria solani, Phytophthora infestans, Phytophthora erythroseptica, Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea, Verticillium albo-atrum, Verticillium dahliae, Verticillium nigrescens), dry rot (Fusarium solani), carcinoma (Synchytrium endobioticum);
Diseases of strawberries: powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca humuli);
Tea diseases: Exobasidium reticulatum, Elsinoe leucospira, Pestalotiopsis sp., Colletotrichum theae-sinensis;
Tobacco diseases: Alternaria longipes, Colletotrichum tabacum, Downy mildew (Peronospora tabacina), Phytophthora nicotianae;
Sugar beet diseases: Cercospora beticola, Thanatephorus cucumeris, Thanatephorus cucumeris, Aphanomyces cochlioides, Uromyces betae;
diseases of roses: scab (Diplocarpon rosae), powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca pannosa);
Chrysanthemum diseases: brown spot (Septoria chrysanthemi-indici), white rust (Puccinia horiana);
Onion diseases: white spot blight (Botrytis cinerea, Botrytis byssoidea, Botrytis squamosa), gray rot (Botrytis allii), sclerotium rot (Botrytis squamosa);
various crop diseases: Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium irregulare, Pythium ultimum;
Diseases of radish: Alternaria brassicicola;
Diseases of turfgrass: dollar spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa), brown patch, large patch (Rhizoctonia solani), red scorch (Pythium aphanidermatum);
Banana diseases: sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fijiensis, Mycosphaerella musicola);
Diseases of lentils: Ascochyta disease (Ascochyta lentis);
Diseases of chickpeas: Ascochyta disease (Ascochyta rabiei);
Diseases of peppers: Colletotrichum scovillei;
mango diseases: Colletotrichum acutatum;
Fruit tree diseases: Roselinia necatrix, Helicobasidium mompa;
Viral diseases: Big Vein disease of lettuce mediated by Olpidium brassicae, viral diseases of various crops mediated by Polymyxa genera (e.g. Polymyxa betae and Polymyxa graminis);

Intraspecies variation is not particularly limited for the above phytopathogenic microorganisms. That is, it also includes those that have decreased sensitivity (also referred to as exhibiting resistance) to a specific fungicide. Decreased susceptibility may be due to mutations at the target site (point-of-action mutations) or due to non-point-of-action mutations (non-point-of-action mutations). For site-of-action mutations, mutations in the nucleic acid sequence (open reading frame) corresponding to the amino acid sequence of the protein result in amino acid substitutions in the protein that is the target site, deletion of suppressor sequences in the promoter region, or enhancement It includes those in which the protein at the target site is overexpressed due to mutation such as sequence amplification and gene copy number increase. Non-action point mutations include, for example, enhancement of the excretion function of ABC transporters, MFS transporters, and the like, which excrete the fungicide that has flowed into the cells to the outside of the cells. It also includes detoxification through metabolism of fungicides.

Examples of the above specific fungicides include nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors (e.g., phenylamide fungicides, acylamino acid fungicides, DNA topoisomerase type II fungicides), mitotic and cell division inhibitors (e.g., MBC fungicides, N-phenylcarbamate fungicides), respiratory inhibitors (e.g. QiI fungicides, SDHI fungicides), inhibitors of amino acid synthesis and protein synthesis (e.g. anilinopyrimidine fungicides), signaling inhibitors (e.g., phenylpyrrole fungicides, dicarboximide fungicides), inhibitors of lipid synthesis and cell membrane synthesis (e.g., phosphorothiolate fungicides, dithiolane fungicides, aromatic hydrocarbon fungicides, heteroaromatic fungicides) fungicides, carbamate fungicides), sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (e.g., DMI fungicides such as triazoles, hydroxyanilide fungicides, aminopyrazolinone fungicides), cell wall synthesis inhibitors (e.g., polyoxin fungicides) agents, carboxylic acid amide fungicides), melanin synthesis inhibitors (e.g., MBI-R fungicides, MBI-D fungicides, MBI-P fungicides), and other fungicides (e.g., cyanoacetamide oxime fungicides , phenylacetamide-based fungicides).

Amino acid substitutions at the target site include, for example, the following.
Cyp51 proteins: A311G, A379G, A381G, A410T, A61V, D107V, D134G, D282E, D411N, E297K, F120L, F219S, F449S, F489L, F495I, G138C/R/S, G312A, G412A, G432S, G460DC, G460DC, G434 /Δ, G462A, G464S, G484S, G510C, G54E/K/R/V/W, G54W, H147Y, H303Y, H399P, I145F, I330T, I381V/Δ, I471T, I475T, K142R, K143E, K147Q, K175N, K197N , L50S, L98H, M145L, M220K/I/T/V, M288L, N125I, N178S, N22D, N284H, N513K, P216L, P384S, P394L, Q141H, Q88H, R467K, S188N, S208T, S297T, S405T, S509T, S509T , S524T, S52T, S79T, T289A, T440A, T454P, T469S, V101F, V136A/C/G, V490L, Y121F, Y131F/H, Y132F/H/N, Y134F, Y134F, Y136F, Y137F, Y140F/H, Y145F , Y431C, Y459C/D/N/S/P/Δ, Y461D, Y461D/H/S, Y463D/H/N, Y491H or Y68N;
β-Tubulin: H6L/Y, Y50C/N/S, Q134K, A165V, E198A/D/G/K/L/Q/V, F200Y, M257L, F200Y, F167Y, Q73R or L240F;
SdhB: H277R/Y, P225H/F/L/T, N230I, H272L/R/V/Y, H278Y/R, H249L/N/Y, H273Y, N225I/T, T268I/A, I269V, H242R, H257L or T253I;
SdhC: H134R, P80H/L, A85V, S73P, T90I, I86F, N88S, H154Y/R, K49E, R64K, N75S, G79R, S135R, N87S, H153R, H146R, I29V, N33T, N34T, T79I/N, W80S, A84V, N86K/S/A, G90R, R151T/S, H152R, I161S, G169D or H151R;
SdhD: H133R, H132R, S89P, G109V, D124E/N, H134R, G138V, D145G, I50F, M114V or D129E;
OS-1 (Shk1): E753K, G420D, I365N/R/S, V368F, Q369H/P, N373S, T447S, F267L, L290S, T765R, Q777R, T489I, E599K or G736Y;
ERG27: S9G, F26S, P57A, T63I, G170R, V192I, L195F, N196T, A210G, I232M, P238S/Δ, P250S, P269L, P298Δ, V309M, A314V, S336C, V365A, E368D, N369D, LA308T, E378K S, Y408S, F412I/S/V/C, A461S or R496T.

In addition, phytopathogenic microorganisms and their host plants that have reduced susceptibility to fungicides due to overexpression of the Cyp51 gene include the following. Septoria tritici of wheat (reference: Pest Management Science. 2012. 68(7).1034-1040), Rhynchosporium secalis of barley (reference: Molecular Biology and Evolution. 2014. 31(7).1793-1802), soybean Phakopsora pachyrhizi (reference: Pest Management Science. 2014. 70(3).378-388), apple Venturia inaequalis (reference: Phytopathology. 2016. 106(6).562-571), citrus Penicillium digitatum (reference Reference: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2000. 66(8).3421-3426).

Phytopathogenic microorganisms that can be controlled in the present invention may have a plurality of the above amino acid substitutions. In this case, the multiple amino acid substitutions may be in the same protein or in different proteins. Moreover, it may have a plurality of non-acting point mutations and acting point mutations. For example, phytopathogenic microorganisms that cause A311G, A61V, and F449S amino acid substitutions in Cyp51; phytopathogenic microorganisms that have an A311G amino acid substitution in Cyp51 and an H152R amino acid substitution in SdhC; A phytopathogenic microorganism having an amino acid substitution and having an H152R amino acid substitution in SdhC; an H152R and G79R amino acid substitution in SdhC and an H6L/Y amino acid substitution in β-tubulin, and Cyp51 A phytopathogenic microorganism in which the gene is overexpressed.

Examples of phytopathogenic microorganisms with point-of-action mutations include:
Ajellomyces capsulatus with a Y136F amino acid substitution in Cyp51;
Aspergillus flavus having Y132N, K197N, D282E, M288L, T469S, H399P, D411N or T454P amino acid substitutions in Cyp51;
Cyp51 to N22D, S52T, G54E/K/R/V/W, Y68N, Q88H, L98H, V101F, Y121F, N125I, G138C/R/S, Q141H, H147Y, P216L, F219S, M220K/I/T/V, Aspergillus fumigatus with amino acid substitutions of T289A, S297T, P394L, Y431C, G432S, G434C, T440A, G448S, Y491H or F495I;
Aspergillus parasiticus with a G54W amino acid substitution in Cyp51;
Candida albicans with amino acid substitutions of A61V, Y132F/H, K143E, S405F, F449S, G464S, R467K or I471T in Cyp51;
Cercospora beticola having an E297K, I330T or P384S amino acid substitution in Cyp51;
Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei having an amino acid substitution of Y136F, K147Q or S509T in Cyp51;
Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici having an S79T, Y136F, or K175N amino acid substitution in Cyp51;
Filobasidiella neoformans with a Y145F or G484S amino acid substitution in Cyp51;
Monilinia fructicola with a Y136F amino acid substitution in Cyp51;
Mycosphaerella fijiensis having Y136F, A313G, A381G, Y461D, G462A or Y463D/H/N amino acid substitutions in Cyp51;
Phakopsora pachyrhizi having an amino acid substitution of F120L, Y131F/H, K142R, I145F or I475T in Cyp51;
Puccinia triticina with a Y134F amino acid substitution in Cyp51;
Pyrenophora teres with an amino acid substitution of F489L in Cyp51;
Pyrenopeziza brassicae with an amino acid substitution of S508T in Cyp51;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a Y140F/H amino acid substitution in Cyp51;
Cyp51 to L50S, D107V, D134G, V136A/C/G, Y137F, M145L, N178S, S188N, S208T, N284H, H303Y, A311G, G312A, A379G, I381V/Δ, A410T, G412A, Y459C/D/N/S/ Zymoseptoria tritici with amino acid substitutions of P/Δ, G460D/Δ, Y461D/H/S, V490L, G510C, N513K or S524T;
Erysiphe necator with Y136F amino acid substitution in Cyp51;
Emericella nidulans with amino acid substitutions H6L/Y, Y50N/S, Q134K, A165V, E198D/K/Q, F200Y or M257L in β-tubulin;
Botryotinia fuckeliana having an E198A/G/K/V or F200Y amino acid substitution in β-tubulin;
Cochliobolus heterostrophus with an amino acid substitution of F167Y in β-tubulin;
Cercospora beticola having an F167Y or E198A amino acid substitution in β-tubulin;
Gibberella fujikuroi with Y50N, E198V or F200Y amino acid substitutions in β-tubulin;
Gibberella zeae having Y50C, Q73R, F167Y, E198K/L/Q or F200Y amino acid substitutions in β-tubulin;
Helminthosporium solani having an E198A/Q amino acid substitution in β-tubulin;
Hypomyces odoratus with a Y50C amino acid substitution in β-tubulin;
Parastagonospora nodorum with an H6Y amino acid substitution in β-tubulin;
Monilinia fructicola with H6Y or E198A/K amino acid substitutions in β-tubulin;
Monilinia laxa with an amino acid substitution of L240F in β-tubulin;
Microdochium majus, nivale with an E198A amino acid substitution in β-tubulin;
Mycosphaerella fijiensis with an E198A amino acid substitution in β-tubulin;
Neurospora crassa having an F167Y or E198G amino acid substitution in β-tubulin;
Penicillium aurantiogriseum with E198A/K or F200Y amino acid substitutions in β-tubulin;
Penicillium expansum with F167Y or E198A/K/V amino acid substitutions in β-tubulin;
Penicillium italicum having an E198K or F200Y amino acid substitution in β-tubulin;
Pyrenopeziza brassicae with an amino acid substitution of L240F in β-tubulin;
Rhynchosporium secalis having an E198G/K or F200Y amino acid substitution in β-tubulin;
Sclerotinia homoeocarpa having an E198A/K amino acid substitution in β-tubulin;
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum having an E198A amino acid substitution in β-tubulin;
Zymoseptoria tritici having an E198A/G amino acid substitution in β-tubulin;
Venturia inaequalis having an E198A/K, F200Y or L240F amino acid substitution in β-tubulin;
Alternaria alternata with an H277R/Y amino acid substitution in SdhB;
Alternaria solani with an amino acid substitution of H277R/Y in SdhB;
Botryotinia fuckeliana with P225H/F/L/T, N230I or H272L/R/V/Y amino acid substitutions in SdhB;
Corynespora cassiicola with an H278Y/R amino acid substitution in SdhB;
Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum with an amino acid substitution of H277R/Y in SdhB;
Eurotium oryzae with H249L/N/Y amino acid substitutions in SdhB;
Pyrenophora teres with an amino acid substitution of H277Y in SdhB;
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with an amino acid substitution of H273Y in SdhB;
Zymoseptoria tritici with an amino acid substitution of N225I/T, H273Y, T268I/A or I269V in SdhB;
Erysiphe necator with an H242R amino acid substitution in SdhB;
Ustilago maydis with an amino acid substitution of H257L in SdhB;
Venturia inaequalis with a T253I amino acid substitution in SdhB;
Alternaria alternata with an H134R amino acid substitution at SdhC;
Botryotinia fuckeliana having a P80H/L or A85V amino acid substitution in SdhC;
Corynespora cassiicola with an S73P amino acid substitution in SdhC;
Eurotium oryzae with a T90I amino acid substitution at SdhC;
Phakopsora pachyrhizi with I86F, N88S or H154Y/R amino acid substitutions in SdhC;
Pyrenophora teres having K49E, R64K, N75S, G79R, H134R or S135R amino acid substitutions in SdhC;
Ramularia collo-cygni having N87S, H146R or H153R amino acid substitutions in SdhC;
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with an H146R amino acid substitution at SdhC;
Zymoseptoria tritici having amino acid substitutions of I29V, N33T, N34T, T79I/N, W80S, A84V, N86K/S/A, G90R, R151T/S, H152R or I161S in SdhC;
Erysiphe necator with a G169D amino acid substitution in SdhC;
Venturia inaequalis with an H151R amino acid substitution at SdhC;
Alternaria alternata with an H133R amino acid substitution in SdhD;
Alternaria solani with an H133R amino acid substitution in SdhD;
Botryotinia fuckeliana with an H132R amino acid substitution in SdhD;
Corynespora cassiicola with an S89P or G109V amino acid substitution in SdhD;
Eurotium oryzae with a D124E amino acid substitution in SdhD;
Pyrenophora teres with D124E/N, H134R, G138V or D145G amino acid substitutions in SdhD;
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with an H132R amino acid substitution in SdhD;
Zymoseptoria tritici with an I50F, M114V or D129E amino acid substitution in SdhD;
Phytophthora capsici having a Q1077K or V1109L/M amino acid substitution in CesA3;
Phytophthora drechsleri with a V1109L amino acid substitution in CesA3;
Phytophthora infestans having a G1105A/V or V1109L amino acid substitution in CesA3;
Plasmopara viticola with a G1105S/V amino acid substitution in CesA3;
Pseudoperonospora cubensis with an amino acid substitution of G1105V/W in CesA3;
Alternaria brassicicola with an E753K amino acid substitution in OS-1 (Shk1);
Alternaria longipes with G420D amino acid substitution in OS-1 (Shk1);
Botryotinia fuckeliana having amino acid substitutions of I365N/R/S, V368F, Q369H/P, N373S or T447S in OS-1 (Shk1);
Pleospora allii having F267L, L290S, T765R or Q777R amino acid substitutions in OS-1 (Shk1);
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum having an amino acid substitution of T489I, E599K or G736Y in OS-1 (Shk1);
ERG27 to S9G, F26S, P57A, T63I, G170R, V192I, L195F, N196T, A210G, I232M, P238S/Δ, P250S, P269L, P298Δ, V309M, A314V, S336C, V365A, E368D, N369D, LA308T, E378K Botryotinia fuckeliana having amino acid substitutions of S, Y408S, F412I/S/V/C, A461S or R496T.

Zymoseptoria tritic means the same species as Septoria tritici.

The present invention is preferably applied to diseases caused by the genus Rhizoctonia, the genus Fusarium, the genus Pythium, and the genus Phoma.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with formulation examples, application examples and test examples, but the present invention is not limited only to the following examples. In the following examples, "parts" means "parts by weight" unless otherwise specified.

First, formulation examples are shown.

Formulation example 1
5 parts of compound (1) or the present inhibitor, 35 parts of a mixture of white carbon and polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate ammonium salt (weight ratio 1:1), and 60 parts of water are mixed and finely pulverized by a wet pulverization method. By doing so, each flowable formulation is obtained.

Formulation example 2
5 parts of compound (1), 5 parts of the present inhibitor, 1.5 parts of sorbitan trioleate, 2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 38.5 parts of water are mixed and finely pulverized by a wet pulverization method. 0.05 part, 0.1 part of aluminum magnesium silicate, and 39.85 parts of water are added, and 8 parts of propylene glycol are added and mixed with stirring to obtain a flowable preparation.

Formulation example 3
40 parts of compound (1) or this inhibitor, 5 parts of propylene glycol (manufactured by Nacalai Tesque), 5 parts of Soprophor FLK (manufactured by Rhodia Nicca), 0.2 parts of antifoam C emulsion (manufactured by Dow Corning) , 0.3 parts of Proxel GXL (manufactured by Arch Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 49.5 parts of water are mixed to prepare a raw material slurry. 150 parts of glass beads (Φ=1 mm) are added to 100 parts of the slurry, and pulverized for 2 hours while cooling with cooling water. After pulverization, the glass beads are removed by filtration to obtain each flowable formulation.

Formulation example 4
10 parts of compound (1), 0.1 part of the present inhibitor, 3 parts of calcium ligninsulfonate, 2 parts of sodium lauryl sulfate, and 84.9 parts of synthetic hydrous silicon oxide are thoroughly pulverized and mixed to obtain a wettable powder. .

Formulation example 5
2 parts of compound (1) or the present inhibitor, 5 parts of white carbon, 8 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, 2 parts of sodium alkylnaphthalene sulfonate, and 83 parts of synthetic hydrated silicon oxide are thoroughly pulverized and mixed to obtain each wettable powder. get

Next, an application example is shown.

Application example 1
A flowable formulation of compound (1) prepared according to Formulation Example 1 and a flowable formulation of the present inhibitor prepared according to Formulation Example 1 were added to 1 kg of dried corn seeds, 0.2 g of compound (1), 0.2 g of this The mixed solution adjusted to hold 0.006 g of the inhibitor is smeared using a rotary seed treatment machine (trade name HEGE11, manufactured by WINTERSTEIGER).

Application example 2
A flowable formulation containing compound (1) prepared according to Formulation Example 2 and the present inhibitor was applied to 1 kg of dried canola seeds using a rotary seed treatment machine (trade name: HEGE11, manufactured by WINTERSTEIGER). ) and 0.01 g of the present inhibitor are smeared.

Application example 3
A flowable formulation of compound (1) prepared according to Formulation Example 3 was applied to 1 kg of dried soybean seeds using a rotary seed treatment machine (trade name: HEGE11, manufactured by WINTERSTEIGER) so that 7 g of compound (1) was retained. Treat the smear as follows. Furthermore, a flowable formulation of the present inhibitor prepared according to Formulation Example 3 was added to soybean seeds treated with compound (1) using the same method, per 1 kg of seed weight before treatment with compound (1). , smearing such that 0.6 g of the inhibitor is retained.

Application example 4
A wettable powder containing compound (1) prepared according to Formulation Example 4 and the present inhibitor was applied to 1 kg of dried corn seeds using a rotary seed treatment machine (trade name HEGE11, manufactured by WINTERSTEIGER) to obtain compound ( 1) and 0.01 g of the present inhibitor are smeared.

Application example 5
A wettable powder of the present inhibitor prepared according to Formulation Example 5 was applied to 1 kg of dry wheat seeds using a rotary seed treater (trade name: HEGE11, manufactured by WINTERSTEIGER) so that 0.1 g of the present inhibitor was retained. Smear as follows. Furthermore, a wettable powder of compound (1) prepared according to Formulation Example 5 was applied to the wheat seeds treated with the present inhibitor using the same method, and per 1 kg of seed weight before treatment with the present inhibitor. , smearing so that 0.5 g of compound (1) is retained.

Application example 6
A wettable powder of compound (1) prepared according to Formulation Example 5 and a wettable powder of the present inhibitor prepared according to Formulation Example 5 were added to 1 kg of dry canola seeds, 3 g of compound (1), this It is adjusted so that 0.1 g of the inhibitor is retained, and smear treatment is performed using a rotary seed treatment machine (trade name: HEGE11, manufactured by WINTERSTEIGER).

Next, test examples are shown.

Test example 1
A drug solution is prepared by dissolving compound (1) or the present inhibitor in a mixed solution of acetone/Tween 20 (weight ratio=95:5). Using these, a rotary seed treatment machine (trade name HEGE11, manufactured by WINTERSTEIGER Co., Ltd.) was applied to canola (variety: REGENT) seeds so that the amount of compound (1) and / or the present inhibitor held was as shown in Table 1. ), respectively.
Soil mixed with Rhizoctonia solani separately cultured in bran medium was packed in a plastic pot and treated with compound (1), the present inhibitor, or compound (1) and the present inhibitor described in Table 1. Sow fresh canola seeds. Cultivation is carried out in a greenhouse while watering (this is defined as a chemical treatment area). 17 days after seeding, the number of diseased plants is investigated, and the degree of disease is calculated according to the following "formula 1". Also, the chemical-treated canola seeds are replaced with non-chemical-treated canola seeds, and the same operation as in the chemical-treated plot is performed (this is called the chemical-untreated plot). 17 days after seeding, the number of diseased plants is investigated, and the degree of disease is calculated according to the following "formula 1". By calculating the control value of the chemical-treated area according to the following "Equation 2" based on the degree of disease incidence in the chemical-treated area and the chemical-untreated area, it can be confirmed that the chemical-treated area exhibits a good plant disease control effect.
Formula 1: Degree of disease (%) = 100 × (number of diseased plants / total number of sown seeds)
Formula 2: Control value (%) = 100 × [(Disease of plant in drug-untreated area-Disease of plant in drug-treated area)/Disease of plant in drug-untreated area]

The plots treated with a combination of compound (1) and the present inhibitor show a synergistic control effect compared to the plots treated with each drug alone for each combination.

Test example 2
A drug solution is prepared by dissolving compound (1) or the present inhibitor in a mixed solution of acetone/Tween 20 (weight ratio=95:5). Using these, a rotary seed treatment machine (trade name HEGE11, manufactured by WINTERSTEIGER Co., Ltd.) was applied to corn (cultivar: MAS53B) seeds so that the amount of compound (1) and / or present inhibitor retained as shown in Table 2. ), respectively.
Soil mixed with Rhizoctonia solani separately cultured in bran medium was packed in a plastic pot and treated with compound (1), the present inhibitor, or compound (1) and the present inhibitor described in Table 2. sow corn seed. Cultivation is carried out in a greenhouse while watering (this is defined as a chemical treatment area). 20 days after seeding, the number of diseased plants is investigated, and the degree of disease is calculated by the following "formula 1". Also, the chemical-treated corn seeds are replaced with non-chemical-treated corn seeds, and the same operation as in the chemical-treated plot is performed (this is defined as the chemical-untreated plot). 20 days after seeding, the number of diseased plants is investigated, and the degree of disease is calculated by the following "formula 1". By calculating the control value of the chemical-treated area according to the following "Equation 2" based on the degree of disease incidence in the chemical-treated area and the chemical-untreated area, it can be confirmed that the chemical-treated area exhibits a good plant disease control effect.
Formula 1: Degree of disease (%) = 100 × (number of diseased plants / total number of sown seeds)
Formula 2: Control value (%) = 100 × [(Disease of plant in drug-untreated area-Disease of plant in drug-treated area)/Disease of plant in drug-untreated area]

The plots treated with a combination of compound (1) and the present inhibitor show a synergistic control effect compared to the plots treated with each drug alone for each combination.

Test example 3
An aqueous suspension of Fusarium graminearum spores is spray-inoculated on wheat (cultivar: Haruyutaka) seeds.
A drug solution is prepared by dissolving compound (1) or the present inhibitor in a mixed solution of acetone/Tween 20 (weight ratio=95:5). Using these, compound (1) and/or the present inhibitor was applied to seeds sprayed with an aqueous suspension of Fusarium root rot spores so that the amount of compound (1) and/or the present inhibitor was retained as shown in Table 3. (trade name HEGE11, manufactured by WINTERSTEIGER).
Plastic pots are filled with soil, and wheat seeds treated with compound (1), the present inhibitor, or compound (1) and the present inhibitor listed in Table 3 are sown and cultivated at a low temperature for 10 days. Cultivation is then carried out in a greenhouse for 7 days while watering (this is defined as a chemical treatment plot). The number of diseased plants is investigated, and the severity of disease is calculated according to the following "Formula 1". In addition, chemically treated wheat seeds are replaced with non-chemically treated wheat seeds, and the same operation as in the chemically treated plot is performed (this is defined as an untreated plot). The number of diseased plants is investigated, and the severity of disease is calculated according to the following "Formula 1". By calculating the control value of the chemical-treated area according to the following "Equation 2" based on the degree of disease incidence in the chemical-treated area and the chemical-untreated area, it can be confirmed that the chemical-treated area exhibits a good plant disease control effect.
Formula 1: Degree of disease (%) = 100 × (number of diseased plants / total number of sown seeds)
Formula 2: Control value (%) = 100 × [(Disease of plant in drug-untreated area-Disease of plant in drug-treated area)/Disease of plant in drug-untreated area]

The plots treated with a combination of compound (1) and the present inhibitor show a synergistic control effect compared to the plots treated with each drug alone for each combination.

Test example 4
A drug solution is prepared by dissolving compound (1) or the present inhibitor in a mixed solution of acetone/Tween 20 (weight ratio=95:5). Using these, a rotary seed treatment machine (trade name HEGE11, manufactured by WINTERSTEIGER Co., Ltd.) was applied to wheat (cultivar: Haruyutaka) seeds so that the amount of compound (1) and / or this inhibitor was retained as shown in Table 4. ), respectively.
Plastic pots are filled with soil, and wheat seeds treated with compound (1), the present inhibitor, or compound (1) and the present inhibitor listed in Table 4 are sown. Cultivation is carried out in a greenhouse while watering (this is defined as a chemical treatment area). Twenty days after sowing, the plants are spray-inoculated with an aqueous suspension of Puccinia triticina spores. After the inoculation, the plant is placed under high humidity at 27° C. for 1 day, then under illumination for 10 days, and then the lesion area is examined (lesion area in the treated plot).
In addition, chemically treated wheat seeds are replaced with non-chemically treated wheat seeds, and the same operation as in the chemically treated plot is performed (this is defined as an untreated plot). Twenty days after sowing, the plants are spray-inoculated with an aqueous suspension of Puccinia Triticina spores. After inoculation, the plant is placed under high humidity at 27° C. for 1 day, then under illumination for 10 days, and then the lesion area is examined (lesion area in untreated plot).
From the lesion areas of the treated and untreated plots, the efficacy of the treated plot is calculated by the following formula.

Formula: Efficacy = [1-(lesion area in drug-treated area/lesion area in drug-untreated area)] x 100

The plots treated with a combination of compound (1) and the present inhibitor show a synergistic control effect compared to the plots treated with each drug alone for each combination.

Plant diseases can be controlled by applying a combination of compound (1) and the present inhibitor to plant seeds or vegetative propagation organs.

Claims (14)

Compound (1) represented by the following formula:

and one or more ubiquinol oxidase Qo site inhibitors selected from Group A.
Group A: Azoxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Picoxystrobin, Trifloxystrobin, Mandestrobin, Fluoxastrobin, Cresoxime-methyl, Dimoxistrobin, Orysastrobin, Metominostrobin, Spiderxistrobin, Enoki The group consisting of sustrobin, flufenoxystrobin, triclopiricarb, phenaminestrobin, pyribencarb, famoxadone, and phenamidone. The ubiquinol oxidase Qo site inhibitor is one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, picoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, mandestrobin, and fluoxastrobin; A seed or vegetative propagation organ of the plant according to claim 1 . 3. The seed or vegetative propagating plant of claim 1 or 2, which holds 0.01 to 7.0 g of compound (1) per 1 kg of seed or vegetative propagating organ. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which holds 0.006 to 0.6 g of one or more ubiquinol oxidase Qo site inhibitors selected from group A per 1 kg of seed or vegetative propagation organ. The seed or vegetative propagation organ of a plant. A plant seed or vegetative propagator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the plant is maize, wheat or canola. A plant seed or vegetative propagation organ according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the plant is a dent corn. Seed or vegetative propagation material of a plant according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the plant is hard wheat. A plant seed or vegetative propagation organ according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the plant is spring sown canola. The plant seed or vegetative propagation material according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the plant is a genetically modified plant. Compound (1) represented by the following formula:

and one or more ubiquinol oxidase Qo site inhibitors selected from Group A, and a plant disease control method comprising treating plant seeds or vegetative propagation organs:
Group A: Azoxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Picoxystrobin, Trifloxystrobin, Mandestrobin, Fluoxastrobin, Cresoxime-methyl, Dimoxistrobin, Orysastrobin, Metominostrobin, Spiderxistrobin, Enoki The group consisting of sustrobin, flufenoxystrobin, triclopiricarb, phenaminestrobin, pyribencarb, famoxadone, and phenamidone. The ubiquinol oxidase Qo site inhibitor is one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, picoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, mandestrobin, and fluoxastrobin; The method for controlling plant diseases according to claim 10. 10. The treatment of seeds or vegetative propagating organs is one or more treatments selected from the group consisting of spraying treatment, wet dressing treatment, smearing treatment, dipping treatment, film coating treatment, and pellet coating treatment. Or the method for controlling plant diseases according to 11. Compound (1) represented by the following formula:

and one or more ubiquinol oxidase Qo site inhibitors selected from group A, a plant disease control composition for treating plant seeds or vegetative propagation organs:
Group A: Azoxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Picoxystrobin, Trifloxystrobin, Mandestrobin, Fluoxastrobin, Cresoxime-methyl, Dimoxistrobin, Orysastrobin, Metominostrobin, Spiderxistrobin, Enoki The group consisting of sustrobin, flufenoxystrobin, triclopiricarb, phenaminestrobin, pyribencarb, famoxadone, and phenamidone. A plant cultivation method for sowing or planting seeds or vegetative propagating organs, comprising sowing or planting seeds or vegetative propagating organs according to any one of claims 1 to 9.