JP2021017601A - Spheroidal graphite cast iron material and scroll member - Google Patents
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 36
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 abstract description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910017082 Fe-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910017133 Fe—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910007981 Si-Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910008316 Si—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000882 Ca alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014458 Ca-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001422033 Thestylus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、球状黒鉛鋳鉄材及びスクロール部材に関する。 The present invention relates to a spheroidal graphite cast iron material and a scroll member.
鋳鉄の中でも球状黒鉛鋳鉄材（Ｆｅｒｒｕｍ Ｃａｓｔｉｎｇ Ｄｕｃｔｉｌｅ：ＦＣＤ）は、強度及び靭性に優れ、複雑な形状を一体的に形成できることから様々な用途に採用されている。このような球状黒鉛鋳鉄材から、スクロール圧縮機に用いられる渦巻き状の歯部を有するスクロール部材が製造され得る。 Among cast irons, spheroidal graphite cast iron material (Ferrum Casting Ductile: FCD) is used for various purposes because it has excellent strength and toughness and can integrally form a complicated shape. From such a spheroidal graphite cast iron material, a scroll member having a spiral tooth portion used in a scroll compressor can be manufactured.
球状黒鉛鋳鉄材は、凝固時に収縮するので寸法精度及び面精度が増大し、鋳造後に切削加工されることが多い。要求される面粗度を満足するために、切削加工は、荒仕上、中仕上、仕上加工といった複数の工程を経る必要がある。 Since the spheroidal graphite cast iron material shrinks during solidification, dimensional accuracy and surface accuracy increase, and it is often cut after casting. In order to satisfy the required surface roughness, the cutting process needs to go through a plurality of steps such as rough finishing, intermediate finishing, and finishing.
鋳鉄材の切削加工後における面粗度が小さければ、切削加工の工程数を低減し得る。特許文献１は、Ｃｕ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｏを球状黒鉛鋳鉄材に添加して切削加工後の面粗度を低下させる方法を開示し、特許文献２は、球状黒鉛鋳鉄材に含まれるＣ元素量及びＣｕ元素量を調整して切削加工後の面粗度を低下させる方法を開示している。 If the surface roughness of the cast iron material after cutting is small, the number of cutting steps can be reduced. Patent Document 1 discloses a method of adding Cu, Ni, and Co to a spheroidal graphite cast iron material to reduce the surface roughness after cutting, and Patent Document 2 discloses the amount of C element contained in the spheroidal graphite cast iron material and A method of adjusting the amount of Cu elements to reduce the surface roughness after cutting is disclosed.
特許文献１に開示されている方法では、高価な元素であるＣｕ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｏを用いるため製造コストが増大し、さらに球状黒鉛鋳鉄材においてパーライト化を促進するＣｕを用いているので、球状黒鉛鋳鉄材において高硬度であるパーライトの割合が増大し、切削加工中に工具刃先が欠けて、切削加工後の面粗度が増大するという問題がある。特許文献２に開示されている方法では、内部のミクロ引け巣が表面に露出して面粗度が増大するのを防いでいる。しかしながら、このような方法では、切削加工時において、切削工具への材料溶着が生じ、構成刃先の発生、成長、分裂、脱落により切削加工後の面粗度が増大するという問題がある。 In the method disclosed in Patent Document 1, since expensive elements Cu, Ni, and Co are used, the production cost increases, and Cu that promotes pearlite formation in the spheroidal graphite cast iron material is used, so that spheroidal graphite is used. There is a problem that the proportion of pearlite having high hardness in cast iron material increases, the tool cutting edge is chipped during cutting, and the surface roughness after cutting increases. The method disclosed in Patent Document 2 prevents the internal micro shrinkage cavities from being exposed on the surface and increasing the surface roughness. However, such a method has a problem that material welding to a cutting tool occurs at the time of cutting, and the surface roughness after cutting increases due to the generation, growth, splitting, and dropping of the constituent cutting edge.
本発明は、上記の問題点を解決するためになされたものであり、製造コストを増大させることなく、切削加工後の面粗度が増大しにくい球状黒鉛鋳鉄材、及びそのような球状黒鉛鋳鉄材から製造されたスクロール部材を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and is a spheroidal graphite cast iron material in which the surface roughness after cutting is unlikely to increase without increasing the manufacturing cost, and such spheroidal graphite cast iron. It is an object of the present invention to provide a scroll member manufactured from a material.
上記目的を達成すべく、本発明の球状黒鉛鋳鉄材は、Ｆｅ、Ｃ及びＳｉを含み、Ｓｉの割合は、３．８〜６．０重量％である。 In order to achieve the above object, the spheroidal graphite cast iron material of the present invention contains Fe, C and Si, and the proportion of Si is 3.8 to 6.0% by weight.
この発明によれば、製造コストを増大させることなく、切削加工後の面粗度が増大しにくい球状黒鉛鋳鉄材が提供される。 According to the present invention, there is provided a spheroidal graphite cast iron material in which the surface roughness after cutting is unlikely to increase without increasing the manufacturing cost.
以下、本発明の実施の形態に係る球状黒鉛鋳鉄材及びスクロール部材について説明する。 Hereinafter, the spheroidal graphite cast iron material and the scroll member according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described.
本発明の実施の形態に係る球状黒鉛鋳鉄材は、球状の黒鉛及びＦｅを有する基地組織を含み、黒鉛の周辺を基地組織が囲んでいる。基地組織は、主にフェライト及びパーライトに分類される。球状黒鉛鋳鉄材は、ＦＣＤ４５０であり得る。なお、ＦＣＤ４５０とは、引張強さ４５０ＭＰａ以上、伸び１０％以上の特性を有する球状黒鉛鋳鉄材をいう。球状黒鉛鋳鉄材は、Ｓｉ、Ｆｅ及びＣを含み、さらにＣｕ、Ｓｎといった不可避混入物を含み得る。球状黒鉛鋳鉄材は、球状黒鉛鋳鉄材の総重量に基づき、３．８〜６．０重量％のＳｉを含む。球状黒鉛鋳鉄材は、球状黒鉛鋳鉄材の総重量に基づき、４．１〜６．０重量％のＳｉを含むことが好ましい。球状黒鉛鋳鉄材が、３．８重量％以上のＳｉを含むと、切削加工後において、一般的に良好な機械仕上面とされるＲａ＝約１．６μｍ以下の面粗度を有する球状黒鉛鋳鉄材が得られる。なお、Ｒａは、ＪＩＳ Ｂ０６０１（１９９４）に規定の算術平均粗さを表す。特に、球状黒鉛鋳鉄材が、４．１重量％以上のＳｉを含むと、切削加工後において、Ｒａ＝１．６μ未満の面粗度を有する球状黒鉛鋳鉄材が得られる。さらに、球状黒鉛鋳鉄材のフェライトを固溶強化し、基地組織の硬度を高め得る。このため、切削加工時において、切削工具の刃先への材料溶着を防ぎ、構成刃先が生成されるのを防ぐので、切削加工後の面粗度の増大を防ぎ得る。さらに、高価な元素であるＣｕ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｏを意図的に用いていないため、製造コストが増大し得ない。なお、球状黒鉛鋳鉄材が、６．０重量％超のＳｉを含むと、黒鉛化作用が強すぎて浮上黒鉛、爆発状黒鉛といった異常な黒鉛形態を生じるおそれがある。 The spheroidal graphite cast iron material according to the embodiment of the present invention contains a base structure having spherical graphite and Fe, and the base structure surrounds the graphite. Base structures are mainly classified into ferrite and pearlite. The spheroidal graphite cast iron material can be FCD450. The FCD450 is a spheroidal graphite cast iron material having a tensile strength of 450 MPa or more and an elongation of 10% or more. The spheroidal graphite cast iron material contains Si, Fe and C, and may further contain unavoidable contaminants such as Cu and Sn. The spheroidal graphite cast iron material contains 3.8 to 6.0% by weight of Si based on the total weight of the spheroidal graphite cast iron material. The spheroidal graphite cast iron material preferably contains 4.1 to 6.0% by weight of Si based on the total weight of the spheroidal graphite cast iron material. When the spheroidal graphite cast iron material contains 3.8% by weight or more of Si, the spheroidal graphite cast iron has a surface roughness of Ra = about 1.6 μm or less, which is generally regarded as a good mechanical finish surface after cutting. The material is obtained. Ra represents the arithmetic mean roughness specified in JIS B0601 (1994). In particular, when the spheroidal graphite cast iron material contains 4.1% by weight or more of Si, a spheroidal graphite cast iron material having a surface roughness of less than Ra = 1.6μ can be obtained after cutting. Further, the ferrite of the spheroidal graphite cast iron material can be solid-solved and strengthened to increase the hardness of the matrix structure. Therefore, during cutting, it is possible to prevent the material from being welded to the cutting edge of the cutting tool and prevent the constituent cutting edge from being generated, so that it is possible to prevent an increase in surface roughness after cutting. Furthermore, since the expensive elements Cu, Ni, and Co are not intentionally used, the manufacturing cost cannot be increased. If the spheroidal graphite cast iron material contains more than 6.0% by weight of Si, the graphitizing action is too strong and there is a possibility that abnormal graphite morphology such as floating graphite and explosive graphite may occur.
球状黒鉛鋳鉄材の製造工程において、Ｃｕ、Ｓｎが球状黒鉛鋳鉄材に含まれ得る。この場合、球状黒鉛鋳鉄材に含まれるＣｕ量及びＳｎ量はそれぞれ、球状黒鉛鋳鉄材の総重量に基づき、０．１重量％未満及び０．０２重量％未満であることが好ましい。Ｃｕ及びＳｎ量がそれぞれこのような範囲であると、基地組織におけるフェライトよりも著しく強硬度なパーライトの割合を低下させ得る。これにより、切削加工時においてパーライトにより工具刃先が欠けることに起因した、切削加工後の面粗度の増大を防ぎ得る。 Cu and Sn may be contained in the spheroidal graphite cast iron material in the manufacturing process of the spheroidal graphite cast iron material. In this case, the amount of Cu and the amount of Sn contained in the spheroidal graphite cast iron material are preferably less than 0.1% by weight and less than 0.02% by weight, respectively, based on the total weight of the spheroidal graphite cast iron material. When the amounts of Cu and Sn are in such a range, the proportion of pearlite having a significantly stronger hardness than that of ferrite in the matrix structure can be reduced. This makes it possible to prevent an increase in surface roughness after cutting due to chipping of the tool cutting edge due to pearlite during cutting.
本発明の実施の形態に係る球状黒鉛鋳鉄材から、スクロール圧縮機に用いられる渦巻き状の歯部を有するスクロール部材１００を製造し得る。 From the spheroidal graphite cast iron material according to the embodiment of the present invention, a scroll member 100 having a spiral tooth portion used in a scroll compressor can be manufactured.
本発明の実施の形態に係る球状黒鉛鋳鉄材から製造されたクロール部材１００は、図１に示すように、ベース部１０１と、ベース部１０１に立設された渦巻状の壁体を有する渦巻き状の歯部１０２と、を備える。スクロール圧縮機は、２つのスクロール部材１００を備える。一方のスクロール部材１００は、固定されている。他方のスクロール部材１００は、渦巻き状の歯部１０２と固定された一方のスクロール部材１００の渦巻き状の歯部１０２とがかみ合わされて、配置されている。他方のスクロール部材１００が揺動すると、対向する二つの渦巻き状の歯部１０２に囲まれた領域内の空気が圧縮される。スクロール圧縮機では、歯部１０２全体の加工精度が低いと歯部１０２の隙間から空気が漏れるため歯部１０２全体を高精度に加工することが好ましい。さらに、歯部１０２の高さが高いほど、１回転で圧縮できる空気の量が増すので、歯部１０２の高さを高くすることが好ましいが、歯部１０２の高さが高くなればなるほど高精度な加工が難しく、高精度な加工を満たすべく上述したような荒仕上、中仕上、仕上加工といった複数の工程を経なければならなかった。切削加工後において、面粗度が増大しにくい本発明の実施の形態に係る球状黒鉛鋳鉄材からスクロール部材１００を製造することで、上述したような複数の工程を経ることなく、高精度に加工されたスクロール部材１００が得られる。 As shown in FIG. 1, the crawl member 100 manufactured from the spheroidal graphite cast iron material according to the embodiment of the present invention has a spiral shape having a base portion 101 and a spiral wall body erected on the base portion 101. The tooth portion 102 of the above is provided. The scroll compressor includes two scroll members 100. One scroll member 100 is fixed. The other scroll member 100 is arranged so that the spiral tooth portion 102 and the spiral tooth portion 102 of the one fixed scroll member 100 are meshed with each other. When the other scroll member 100 swings, the air in the region surrounded by the two opposing spiral tooth portions 102 is compressed. In the scroll compressor, if the processing accuracy of the entire tooth portion 102 is low, air leaks from the gap of the tooth portion 102, so that it is preferable to process the entire tooth portion 102 with high accuracy. Further, the higher the height of the tooth portion 102, the larger the amount of air that can be compressed in one rotation. Therefore, it is preferable to increase the height of the tooth portion 102, but the higher the height of the tooth portion 102, the higher the height. Precise machining is difficult, and in order to satisfy high-precision machining, it is necessary to go through a plurality of processes such as rough finishing, intermediate finishing, and finishing as described above. By manufacturing the scroll member 100 from the spheroidal graphite cast iron material according to the embodiment of the present invention in which the surface roughness does not easily increase after cutting, the scroll member 100 is processed with high accuracy without going through a plurality of steps as described above. The resulting scroll member 100 is obtained.
次に、本実施の形態に係る球状黒鉛鋳鉄材の製造方法を図２〜図４を参考しながら説明する。 Next, a method for producing a spheroidal graphite cast iron material according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4.
図２は、本実施の形態に係る球状黒鉛鋳鉄材の製造方法を説明するフローチャート図である。図３及び図４は、球状黒鉛鋳鉄材の製造方法を説明するための取鍋１１の断面図である。 FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method for producing a spheroidal graphite cast iron material according to the present embodiment. 3 and 4 are cross-sectional views of a ladle 11 for explaining a method for producing a spheroidal graphite cast iron material.
図２に示すように、球状黒鉛鋳鉄材の製造方法は、溶解炉での材料溶解工程（ステップＳ１０１）、化学成分の分析工程（ステップＳ１０２）、出湯準備工程（ステップＳ１０３）、出湯工程（ステップＳ１０４）、及び鋳込み工程（ステップＳ１０５）をこの順に含む。 As shown in FIG. 2, the method for producing a spheroidal graphite cast iron material includes a material melting step (step S101), a chemical component analysis step (step S102), a hot water preparation step (step S103), and a hot water discharge step (step) in a melting furnace. S104) and the casting step (step S105) are included in this order.
溶解炉での材料溶解工程（ステップＳ１０１）は、公知の方法で、銑鉄、スクラップといった含鉄材を溶解炉において溶解させて元湯４０を作製する工程である。さらに、元湯４０には、フェロシリコン、加炭材が投入され得る。 The material melting step (step S101) in the melting furnace is a step of melting iron-containing materials such as pig iron and scrap in the melting furnace to prepare the main hot water 40 by a known method. Further, ferrosilicon and a carbonizing material can be added to the main hot water 40.
化学成分の分析工程（ステップＳ１０２）は、元湯４０中の各種化学成分の割合を分析して確認する工程である。具体的には、元湯４０の一部を柄杓ですくって金型に注ぎ、凝固後スパーク放電発光分光分析により、Ｃ、Ｆｅといった分析対象の化学成分を確認する。分析の結果、分析対象の化学成分が規定値内に入れば（ステップＳ１０２’の「Ｙｅｓ」の場合）次の工程に進む。分析対象の化学成分が規定値内に入っていなければ（ステップＳ１０２’の「Ｎｏ」の場合）、再度、必要な材料を元湯４０に投入し、分析対象の化学成分を確認する。これを、分析対象の化学成分が規定値内に入るまで繰り返す。 The chemical component analysis step (step S102) is a step of analyzing and confirming the ratio of various chemical components in the original hot water 40. Specifically, a part of the original hot water 40 is scooped up with a cassotte and poured into a mold, and after solidification, spark discharge emission spectroscopic analysis is performed to confirm the chemical components to be analyzed such as C and Fe. As a result of the analysis, if the chemical component to be analyzed falls within the specified value (in the case of "Yes" in step S102'), the process proceeds to the next step. If the chemical composition to be analyzed is not within the specified value (in the case of "No" in step S102'), the necessary material is put into the original hot water 40 again, and the chemical component to be analyzed is confirmed. This is repeated until the chemical composition to be analyzed falls within the specified value.
出湯準備工程（ステップＳ１０３）は、溶解炉からの元湯４０を受ける取鍋１１中に、カバー材３３、接種剤３５、球状化剤３７、必要に応じてＳｉ調整剤３１を投入する工程である。この工程により、球状黒鉛鋳鉄材に含まれるＳｉ量が調整され、最終的には、球状黒鉛鋳鉄材は、球状黒鉛鋳鉄材の総重量に基づき、３．８〜６．０重量％、より好ましくは４．１〜６．０重量％のＳｉを含む。上述のように、球状黒鉛鋳鉄材が、３．８重量％以上のＳｉを含むと、切削加工後において、Ｒａ＝約１．６μｍ以下の面粗度を有する球状黒鉛鋳鉄材が得られ、球状黒鉛鋳鉄材が、４．１重量％以上のＳｉを含むと、切削加工後において、Ｒａ＝１．６μ未満の面粗度を有する球状黒鉛鋳鉄材が得られる。また、球状黒鉛鋳鉄材が、６．０重量％超のＳｉを含むと、黒鉛化作用が強すぎて浮上黒鉛、爆発状黒鉛といった異常な黒鉛形態を生じるおそれがある。カバー材３３は、鉄屑、Ｆｅ−Ｓｉ系合金が好ましく、Ｆｅ−Ｓｉ系合金がより好ましい。Ｆｅ−Ｓｉ系合金を用いると、必要とされない元素を球状黒鉛鋳鉄材に含めることなく以下に示すＳｉ調整剤を用いなくてもＳｉを上述した割合にし得る。接種剤３５は、Ｆｅ−Ｓｉ系接種剤、Ｃａ−Ｓｉ系接種剤、フェロシリコンと黒鉛とを混合した黒鉛系接種剤が好ましく、Ｆｅ−Ｓｉ系接種剤がより好ましい。Ｆｅ−Ｓｉ系接種剤を用いると、必要とされない元素を球状黒鉛鋳鉄材に含めることなく以下に示すＳｉ調整剤を用いなくてもＳｉを上述した割合にし得る。球状化剤３７は、Ｍｇ含有合金であり、Ｆｅ−Ｓｉ−Ｍｇ−Ｃａ系合金、Ｆｅ−Ｓｉ−Ｍｇ−Ｃ系合金、Ｆｅ−Ｓｉ−Ｍｇ系合金が好ましく、Ｆｅ−Ｓｉ−Ｍｇ系合金がより好ましい。Ｆｅ−Ｓｉ−Ｍｇ系合金を用いると、必要とされない元素を球状黒鉛鋳鉄材に含めることなく炭素の黒鉛化及びフェライト化を促進しやすい。Ｓｉ調整剤３１は、ケイ素、炭化ケイ素、及びケイ化鉄のうちのいずれかまたはこれらの混合物を含むことが好ましい。Ｓｉ調整剤３１は、Ｆｅ−Ｓｉ系合金であることがより好ましい。Ｓｉ調整剤３１が、Ｆｅ−Ｓｉ系合金であると球状黒鉛鋳鉄材に含まれるＳｉの割合を調整しやすい。図３及び図４に示すように、本実施の形態に係る球状黒鉛鋳鉄材の製造方法では、サンドイッチ法が採用されている。そのため、隔壁２１により取鍋１１の底は、上方が開放された２室に分けられている。図３に示すように、一方の室の底に球状化剤３７を置き、その上に接種剤３５を置き、さらにそれらを覆うカバー材３３を置き、他方の室にＳｉ調整剤３１を置く。球状化剤３７は、Ｍｇ含有合金であり、高温下で空気に触れると爆発的に反応してＭｇが損耗するので、球状化剤３７の上に接種剤３５及びカバー材３３を配置して、球状化剤３７をなるべく空気に触れさせないことが好ましい。また、図３に示す例では、Ｓｉ調整剤３１をカバー材３３、接種剤３５及び球状化剤３７が配置された室とは異なる室に配置しているが、Ｓｉ調整剤３１をカバー材３３、接種剤３５及び球状化剤３７が配置された室と同じ室に配置してもよい。この場合、Ｓｉ調整剤３１は、球状化剤３７が空気に触れることを防ぐために、球状化剤３７とカバー材３３との間に配置することが好ましい。さらに、図４に示すように、接種剤３５は、Ｓｉを含むため、投入する接種剤３５の量を増やすことで、Ｓｉ調整剤３１を別途投入することなく、最終的に球状黒鉛鋳鉄材に含まれるＳｉ量を調整し得る。 The hot water preparation step (step S103) is a step of putting the cover material 33, the inoculant 35, the spheroidizing agent 37, and the Si adjusting agent 31 as needed into the ladle 11 that receives the hot water 40 from the melting furnace. is there. By this step, the amount of Si contained in the spheroidal graphite cast iron material is adjusted, and finally, the spheroidal graphite cast iron material is 3.8 to 6.0% by weight, more preferably, based on the total weight of the spheroidal graphite cast iron material. Contains 4.1-6.0 wt% Si. As described above, when the spheroidal graphite cast iron material contains 3.8% by weight or more of Si, a spheroidal graphite cast iron material having a surface roughness of Ra = about 1.6 μm or less can be obtained after cutting. When the graphite cast iron material contains 4.1% by weight or more of Si, a spheroidal graphite cast iron material having a surface roughness of less than Ra = 1.6μ can be obtained after cutting. Further, if the spheroidal graphite cast iron material contains more than 6.0% by weight of Si, the graphitizing action is too strong, and there is a possibility that abnormal graphite morphology such as floating graphite and explosive graphite may occur. The cover material 33 is preferably iron scrap or a Fe—Si based alloy, and more preferably a Fe—Si based alloy. When the Fe—Si alloy is used, Si can be made to the above-mentioned ratio without including unnecessary elements in the spheroidal graphite cast iron material and without using the Si adjusting agent shown below. The inoculant 35 is preferably a Fe-Si inoculant, a Ca-Si inoculant, or a graphite inoculant in which ferrosilicon and graphite are mixed, and a Fe-Si inoculant is more preferable. When the Fe-Si inoculant is used, Si can be made to the above-mentioned ratio without including unnecessary elements in the spheroidal graphite cast iron material and without using the Si adjusting agent shown below. The spheroidizing agent 37 is an Mg-containing alloy, preferably a Fe-Si-Mg-Ca alloy, a Fe-Si-Mg-C alloy, or a Fe-Si-Mg alloy, and a Fe-Si-Mg alloy is preferable. More preferred. When a Fe-Si-Mg-based alloy is used, it is easy to promote graphitization and ferrite formation of carbon without including unnecessary elements in the spheroidal graphite cast iron material. The Si modifier 31 preferably contains any one of silicon, silicon carbide, and iron silicate, or a mixture thereof. The Si adjuster 31 is more preferably an Fe—Si based alloy. When the Si adjuster 31 is an Fe—Si alloy, it is easy to adjust the proportion of Si contained in the spheroidal graphite cast iron material. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the sandwich method is adopted in the method for producing a spheroidal graphite cast iron material according to the present embodiment. Therefore, the bottom of the ladle 11 is divided into two chambers whose upper part is open by the partition wall 21. As shown in FIG. 3, a spheroidizing agent 37 is placed on the bottom of one chamber, an inoculant 35 is placed therein, a cover material 33 covering them is placed, and a Si adjusting agent 31 is placed in the other chamber. The spheroidizing agent 37 is an Mg-containing alloy, and when it comes into contact with air at a high temperature, it reacts explosively to wear Mg. Therefore, the inoculant 35 and the cover material 33 are arranged on the spheroidizing agent 37. It is preferable that the spheroidizing agent 37 is not exposed to air as much as possible. Further, in the example shown in FIG. 3, the Si adjusting agent 31 is arranged in a chamber different from the chamber in which the cover material 33, the inoculant 35 and the spheroidizing agent 37 are arranged, but the Si adjusting agent 31 is arranged in the cover material 33. , The inoculant 35 and the spheroidizing agent 37 may be placed in the same room as the room. In this case, the Si adjusting agent 31 is preferably arranged between the spheroidizing agent 37 and the cover material 33 in order to prevent the spheroidizing agent 37 from coming into contact with air. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, since the inoculant 35 contains Si, by increasing the amount of the inoculant 35 to be added, the Si adjusting agent 31 is finally added to the spheroidal graphite cast iron material without adding it separately. The amount of Si contained can be adjusted.
出湯工程（ステップＳ１０４）は、溶解炉からの元湯４０を取鍋１１に流す工程である。図３及び図４の破線矢印に示すように、取鍋１１のカバー材３３、接種材及び球状化材が入っていない室をめがけて溶解炉からの元湯４０を取鍋１１に流し込む。このとき、カバー材３３、接種剤３５、球状化剤３７、Ｓｉ調整剤３１が元湯４０に溶け込み、球状化反応が生じて溶湯が作製される。 The hot water discharge step (step S104) is a step of flowing the original hot water 40 from the melting furnace into the pan 11. As shown by the broken line arrows in FIGS. 3 and 4, the main hot water 40 from the melting furnace is poured into the ladle 11 toward the chamber containing the cover material 33, the inoculator material and the spheroidizing material of the ladle 11. At this time, the cover material 33, the inoculant 35, the spheroidizing agent 37, and the Si adjusting agent 31 dissolve in the original hot water 40, and a spheroidizing reaction occurs to prepare a molten metal.
鋳込み工程（ステップＳ１０５）は、球状化反応が終わった溶湯を鋳型に流し入れて、球状黒鉛鋳鉄材を製造する工程である。鋳型をスクロール部材用の鋳型とすれば、スクロール部材が得られる。鋳型としては、鋳型用の砂をバインダで硬化させたもの、金型で作製されたものであり得る。もちろんスクロール部材以外の金属部材を製造し得、歯車または自動車の排気系部品を製造し得る。 The casting step (step S105) is a step of pouring the molten metal after the spheroidizing reaction into a mold to produce a spheroidal graphite cast iron material. If the mold is used as a mold for a scroll member, a scroll member can be obtained. The mold may be one in which sand for a mold is hardened with a binder or one made by a mold. Of course, metal members other than scroll members can be manufactured, and gears or automobile exhaust system parts can be manufactured.
次に、上述した球状黒鉛鋳鉄材の製造方法によりＳｉ、Ｃｕ、Ｓｎ量を変化させて鋳造した試験品を分析し、Ｒａ及びパーライト率を測定した。Ｓｉ量を変化させてＲａを測定した結果を表１に示し、Ｓｉ、Ｃｕ、Ｓｎ量を変化させてパーライト率を測定した結果を表２に示す。さらに表１をグラフ化したものを図５に示し、表２のＣｕ量及びＳｎ量をパーライト率に対してグラフ化したものをそれぞれ図６及び図７に示す。 Next, a test product cast by changing the amounts of Si, Cu, and Sn by the above-mentioned method for producing a spheroidal graphite cast iron material was analyzed, and Ra and the pearlite ratio were measured. Table 1 shows the results of measuring Ra by changing the amount of Si, and Table 2 shows the results of measuring the pearlite rate by changing the amounts of Si, Cu, and Sn. Further, a graph of Table 1 is shown in FIG. 5, and a graph of the Cu amount and Sn amount in Table 2 with respect to the pearlite ratio is shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, respectively.
表１及び表２に示すＳｉ量は、ＪＩＳ Ｇ １２１２（鉄及び鋼−ケイ素定量方法）に準拠して測定された。さらに、Ｒａは、以下の切削条件及び面粗度測定機器を用いて測定された。
＜切削条件＞
切削速度：１２０ｍ／ｍｉｎ
送り量：０．１４ｍｍ／ｒｅｖ
切込み量：１．０ｍｍ（片側）
雰囲気：水性油剤供給による湿式加工
＜面粗度測定機器＞
測定機器：触針式表面粗さ測定機ＳＪ−４００サーフテスト（Ｍｉｔｓｕｔｏｙｏ製）
スタイラス（触針）型番：１２ＡＡＢ４１５（触針の先端半径１０μｍ）
測定条件：基準長さ０．８ｍｍ、評価長さ４．０ｍｍ
測定規格：ＪＩＳ Ｂ ０６０１（２００１年改訂版）
The amount of Si shown in Tables 1 and 2 was measured according to JIS G 1212 (iron and steel-silicon quantification method). Further, Ra was measured using the following cutting conditions and a surface roughness measuring device.
<Cutting conditions>
Cutting speed: 120m / min
Feed amount: 0.14 mm / rev
Cut amount: 1.0 mm (one side)
Atmosphere: Wet processing by supplying water-based oil <Surface roughness measuring equipment>
Measuring equipment: Needle-type surface roughness measuring machine SJ-400 surf test (manufactured by Mitutoyo)
Stylus (needle) Model number: 12AAB415 (tip radius of the stylus 10 μm)
Measurement conditions: Reference length 0.8 mm, evaluation length 4.0 mm
Measurement standard: JIS B 0601 (revised 2001)
表２に示すＣｕ量及びＳｎ量は、スパーク放電発光分光分析により測定され、パーライト率は、試験品の断面の金属組織写真から画像処理によって、（１）黒鉛を除いた組織を抽出し、（２）黒鉛及びフェライトを除き、パーライトを抽出し、（パーライトの面積）／（パーライト＋フェライトの面積）により算出した。 The amount of Cu and the amount of Sn shown in Table 2 were measured by spark discharge emission spectroscopic analysis, and the pearlite ratio was determined by extracting (1) the structure excluding graphite from the metal structure photograph of the cross section of the test product by image processing. 2) After removing graphite and ferrite, pearlite was extracted and calculated by (area of pearlite) / (area of pearlite + ferrite).
表１及び図５からわかるように、球状黒鉛鋳鉄材にＳｉが３．８重量％以上含まれると、切削加工後において、Ｒａが約１．６μｍ以下となり、面粗度が低くて表面が滑らかである。さらに表２ならびに図６及び図７からわかるように、球状黒鉛鋳鉄材中のＣｕ量及びＳｎ量がそれぞれ０．１重量％及び０．０２重量％未満であると、パーライト率を２５％以下に抑えられる。これにより、球状黒鉛鋳鉄材におけるフェライトの割合が大きいので、切削加工時においてパーライトにより工具刃先が欠けることに起因した、切削加工後の面粗度の増大を防ぎ得る。 As can be seen from Table 1 and FIG. 5, when the spheroidal graphite cast iron material contains 3.8% by weight or more of Si, Ra becomes about 1.6 μm or less after cutting, and the surface roughness is low and the surface is smooth. Is. Further, as can be seen from Table 2, FIGS. 6 and 7, when the amount of Cu and the amount of Sn in the spheroidal graphite cast iron material are less than 0.1% by weight and 0.02% by weight, respectively, the pearlite ratio is reduced to 25% or less. It can be suppressed. As a result, since the proportion of ferrite in the spheroidal graphite cast iron material is large, it is possible to prevent an increase in surface roughness after cutting due to chipping of the tool cutting edge due to pearlite during cutting.
本発明は、本発明の広義の精神と範囲を逸脱することなく、様々な実施の形態及び変形が可能とされるものである。また、上述した実施の形態は、この発明を説明するためのものであり、本発明の範囲を限定するものではない。すなわち、本発明の範囲は、実施の形態ではなく、特許請求の範囲によって示される。そして、特許請求の範囲内及びそれと同等の発明の意義の範囲内で施される様々な変形が、この発明の範囲内とみなされる。 The present invention allows for various embodiments and modifications without departing from the broad spirit and scope of the present invention. Moreover, the above-described embodiment is for explaining the present invention, and does not limit the scope of the present invention. That is, the scope of the present invention is indicated by the scope of claims, not by the embodiment. Then, various modifications made within the scope of the claims and the equivalent meaning of the invention are considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
１１ 取鍋、２１ 隔壁、３１ Ｓｉ調整剤、３３ カバー材、３５ 接種剤、３７ 球状化剤、４０ 元湯、１００ スクロール部材、１０１ ベース部、１０２ 歯部。 11 Ladle, 21 partition wall, 31 Si adjuster, 33 cover material, 35 inoculant, 37 spheroidizing agent, 40 yuan hot water, 100 scroll member, 101 base part, 102 tooth part.
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| JP2015197076A (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2015-11-09 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Compressor sliding component, and scroll compressor having the component |
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| JPH06322473A (en) * | 1993-05-10 | 1994-11-22 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Ferro alloy for casting and its manufacture |
| JPH08176656A (en) * | 1994-12-21 | 1996-07-09 | Toyota Motor Corp | Production of cast iron with high ductility |
| JP2005133142A (en) * | 2003-10-30 | 2005-05-26 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | Cast iron based soft magnetic material |
| JP2006009960A (en) * | 2004-06-25 | 2006-01-12 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | Clutch plate, and electromagnetic clutch mechanism employing the same clutch plate |
| JP2015197076A (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2015-11-09 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Compressor sliding component, and scroll compressor having the component |
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