JP2020025460A - Discharge detection structure - Google Patents

Discharge detection structure Download PDF

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JP2020025460A
JP2020025460A JP2019196046A JP2019196046A JP2020025460A JP 2020025460 A JP2020025460 A JP 2020025460A JP 2019196046 A JP2019196046 A JP 2019196046A JP 2019196046 A JP2019196046 A JP 2019196046A JP 2020025460 A JP2020025460 A JP 2020025460A
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discharge
pass filter
detection structure
noise
discharge detection
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淳史 宮本
Junji Miyamoto
淳史 宮本
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Nitto Kogyo Co Ltd
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  • Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
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Abstract

To detect an occurrence of discharge without increasing cost.SOLUTION: A discharge detection structure 1 detects discharge from noise overlapping voltage or current in cable runs connected to a load, comprises: a high-pass filter portion 11 disposed between the cable runs and passing noise in a high-frequency band for detecting discharge; a detection portion 14 detecting energization to the high-pass filter portion; and a determination portion 15 determining presence/absence of a discharge accident such as tracking and disconnection. The discharge detection structure turns off an open/close switch by operating a mechanism portion of a breaker via a signal of the determination portion.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

本発明は、放電検出構造に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a discharge detection structure.

一般的に分電盤は、分岐ブレーカを多数備えており、電線で又はコンセントを介して負荷が接続される。ところで、トラッキングや断線などにより放電事故が生じることがある。トラッキングや断線などで放電事故が発生したとき、負荷に接続される電路の電圧又は電流にノイズが重畳する。所定の周波数領域でノイズが発生するため、特許文献１に記載されているように、電路間の電圧から周波数解析を行って放電を検出することがなされている。   Generally, a distribution board is provided with a large number of branch breakers, and a load is connected with an electric wire or via an outlet. By the way, a discharge accident may occur due to tracking or disconnection. When a discharge accident occurs due to tracking or disconnection, noise is superimposed on the voltage or current of the electric circuit connected to the load. Since noise is generated in a predetermined frequency region, as described in Patent Literature 1, discharge is detected by performing frequency analysis from a voltage between electric circuits.

特開２００９−２７８７４４号公報JP 2009-278744 A

ところで、特許文献１に記載されているような周波数解析を行おうとすると、変換装置が必要となり、費用がかさむ。また、ノイズが他のブレーカから回り込むことにより、放電を検出する虞があった。   By the way, if a frequency analysis as described in Patent Literature 1 is performed, a conversion device is required, which increases the cost. In addition, there is a possibility that the discharge may be detected due to the noise coming from another breaker.

本件の発明者は、この点について鋭意検討することにより、解決を試みた。本発明の課題は、費用がかさむことなく、放電の発生を検出することにある。   The inventor of the present invention sought to solve this problem by studying this point earnestly. An object of the present invention is to detect occurrence of discharge without increasing costs.

上記課題を解決するため、負荷に接続される電路の電圧又は電流に重畳するノイズから放電を検出する放電検出構造において、高周波帯域のノイズを通過させて放電の検出を行う電路間に渡して形成したハイパスフィルタ部と、ハイパスフィルタ部への通電を検出する検出部と、トラッキングや断線などの放電事故の有無を判定する判定部を有し、前記判定部の信号によりブレーカの機構部を動作させて、開閉スイッチをオフする放電検出構造とする。   In order to solve the above problem, in a discharge detection structure that detects discharge from noise superimposed on a voltage or current of an electric circuit connected to a load, the discharge detection structure is formed by passing noise in a high-frequency band and passing between electric circuits that detect discharge. A high-pass filter unit, a detection unit that detects the energization of the high-pass filter unit, and a determination unit that determines the presence or absence of a discharge accident such as tracking or disconnection, and operates the breaker mechanism unit based on a signal from the determination unit. And a discharge detection structure for turning off the open / close switch.

また、放電事故があると判定したときに機械的に表示する警報表示部を外部に備え、前記警報表示部は開閉スイッチがオフされた場合でも警報表示された状態とする構成とすることが好ましい。   Further, it is preferable that an alarm display unit that mechanically displays when it is determined that there is a discharge accident is provided outside, and the alarm display unit is configured to display an alarm even when the open / close switch is turned off. .

また、高周波帯域のノイズは電線から空中に放射する高周波帯域の放電ノイズである構成とすることが好ましい。   Further, it is preferable that the high-frequency band noise is a discharge noise in a high-frequency band radiated into the air from the electric wire.

また、電路に電流を検出する電流検出器を備え、ハイパスフィルタへの通電の検出と、電流検出器の電流のノイズを検出した場合に放電の発生を判定する構成とすることが好ましい。   In addition, it is preferable that a current detector for detecting a current be provided in the electric circuit, and that the occurrence of a discharge be determined when the current supply to the high-pass filter is detected and the noise of the current of the current detector is detected.

また、ハイパスフィルタ部の一次側若しくは二次側の少なくとも一方にローパスフィルタ部が配置された構成とすることが好ましい。   Further, it is preferable that a low-pass filter is provided on at least one of the primary side and the secondary side of the high-pass filter.

本発明では、費用がかさむことなく、放電の発生を検出することが可能となる。   According to the present invention, it is possible to detect the occurrence of discharge without increasing the cost.

放電検出構造を備えた分岐ブレーカが組み込まれた分電盤を表したブロック図である。It is a block diagram showing the distribution board in which the branch breaker provided with the discharge detection structure was incorporated. 放電検出構造を備えた分岐ブレーカを表したブロック図である。It is a block diagram showing the branch breaker provided with the discharge detection structure. 放電検出構造を備えた放電検出装置とブレーカが接続された状態を表したブロック図である。It is a block diagram showing the state where the discharge detection device provided with the discharge detection structure and the breaker were connected. 放電検出構造を備えた分岐ブレーカを表したブロック図である。但し、ハイパスフィルタ部をアースに接続している。It is a block diagram showing the branch breaker provided with the discharge detection structure. However, the high-pass filter section is connected to the ground. 分電盤のリミッタスペースに放電検出構造を配置したことを表す図である。It is a figure showing that the discharge detection structure was arranged in the limiter space of the distribution board. スマートメータと主幹ブレーカに放電検出構造を組み込んだ状態を表す図である。It is a figure showing the state where the discharge detection structure was incorporated in the smart meter and the main breaker.

以下に発明を実施するための形態を示す。本実施形態の、負荷に接続される電路の電圧又は電流に重畳するノイズから放電を検出する放電検出構造１は、高周波帯域のノイズを通過させて放電の検出を行うハイパスフィルタ部１１と、放電検出に使用する高周波帯域のノイズをカットするローパスフィルタ部１９と、を備えている。また、このハイパスフィルタ部１１の一次側若しくは二次側の少なくとも一方に、前記ローパスフィルタ部１９が接続されている。このため、前記高周波帯域のみのノイズを前記ハイパスフィルタ部１１で検出することにより放電の発生を検出するとともに、前記ローパスフィルタ部１９により他の回路へのノイズの回り込み、及び、他の回路からのノイズの回り込みを防止することが可能となる。   An embodiment for carrying out the invention will be described below. The discharge detection structure 1 of the present embodiment, which detects discharge from noise superimposed on the voltage or current of an electric circuit connected to a load, includes a high-pass filter unit 11 that detects a discharge by passing noise in a high-frequency band; A low-pass filter section 19 for cutting high-frequency band noise used for detection. The low-pass filter section 19 is connected to at least one of the primary side and the secondary side of the high-pass filter section 11. For this reason, the occurrence of discharge is detected by detecting the noise only in the high frequency band by the high-pass filter unit 11, and the noise spills to another circuit by the low-pass filter unit 19, and from the other circuit, It is possible to prevent noise from flowing around.

図１に示す例では、放電検出構造１は、分電盤７に組み込まれている。特に、負荷９５が接続された分岐ブレーカ９１ｂに組み込まれている。放電検出構造１が組み込まれたブレーカ９１は、ハイパスフィルタ部１１で高周波帯域のノイズを検出した場合に、開閉スイッチ９２を開くようにしている。図２に示すように、この放電検出構造１は、開閉スイッチ９２の二次側に配置されており、ハイパスフィルタ部１１の一次側にローパスフィルタ部１９が位置している。このため、ローパスフィルタ部１９の一次側の放電で発生した場合の高周波帯域のノイズはローパスフィルタ部１９を越えて、ハイパスフィルタ部１１に到達せず、このハイパスフィルタ部１１では検出されない。したがって、負荷９５が接続側で発生したノイズは検出可能とし、負荷９５の一次側のノイズは検出しないため、他の回路で生じた高周波帯域のノイズにより不必要に開閉スイッチ９２が開くことを抑制することができる。なお、図２に示すブレーカ９１には、ハイパスフィルタ部１１の回路への通電を検出する検出部１４と、検出部１４が通電を検出した場合に、トラッキングや断線などの放電事故の有無を判定する判定部１５を備えている。また、ブレーカ９１の外部には警報表示可能な警報表示部８２を備えている。この警報表示部８２は、判定部１５が放電事故があると判定したときに作動する。この警報表示部８２はＬＥＤのように光るものであっても良いし、ボタンが飛び出すような機械的な表示であっても良い。ボタンが飛び出す構造の場合、ブレーカ９１の開閉スイッチ９２がＯＦＦになっていたとしてもボタンを表示させておくことも可能である。   In the example shown in FIG. 1, the discharge detection structure 1 is incorporated in a distribution board 7. In particular, it is incorporated in the branch breaker 91b to which the load 95 is connected. The breaker 91 incorporating the discharge detection structure 1 opens the on / off switch 92 when the high-pass filter unit 11 detects high-frequency band noise. As shown in FIG. 2, the discharge detection structure 1 is disposed on the secondary side of the open / close switch 92, and the low-pass filter 19 is located on the primary side of the high-pass filter 11. For this reason, high-frequency band noise generated by the discharge of the primary side of the low-pass filter unit 19 passes through the low-pass filter unit 19 and does not reach the high-pass filter unit 11, and is not detected by the high-pass filter unit 11. Therefore, the noise generated on the connection side by the load 95 can be detected, and the noise on the primary side of the load 95 is not detected. Therefore, unnecessary opening of the on / off switch 92 due to high frequency band noise generated by other circuits is suppressed. can do. The breaker 91 shown in FIG. 2 includes a detection unit 14 for detecting the energization of the circuit of the high-pass filter unit 11 and, when the detection unit 14 detects the energization, determines whether there is a discharge accident such as tracking or disconnection. The determination unit 15 is provided. Further, an alarm display unit 82 capable of displaying an alarm is provided outside the breaker 91. The alarm display unit 82 operates when the determination unit 15 determines that there is a discharge accident. The alarm display unit 82 may be a light that emits light such as an LED, or may be a mechanical display in which a button pops out. In the case of a structure in which the button pops out, the button can be displayed even if the open / close switch 92 of the breaker 91 is turned off.

開閉スイッチ９２を動作させる遮断部８１は、判定部１５で放電事故検出の判定をした後、判定部１５の信号によりブレーカ９１の機構部を動作させる。開閉スイッチ９２を開くタイミングは必要に応じて設定すれば良く、放電事故検出後、直ぐに開閉スイッチ９２を開くものであっても良いし、放電事故を検出してから所定時間経過後に開閉スイッチ９２を開くものであっても良い。なお、漏電ブレーカ９１の場合は漏電検出装置を動作させて遮断するものでも良い。   The breaking unit 81 that operates the open / close switch 92 makes the determination unit 15 determine the detection of a discharge accident, and then operates the mechanical unit of the breaker 91 based on a signal from the determination unit 15. The opening timing of the open / close switch 92 may be set as needed. The open / close switch 92 may be opened immediately after the detection of the discharge accident, or may be opened after a predetermined time has elapsed since the detection of the discharge accident. It may be open. In addition, in the case of the earth leakage breaker 91, the earth leakage detection device may be operated to shut off.

放電検出構造１はブレーカ９１内などに組み込んだものであっても、別体として形成するものでも良い（図３参照）。放電検出構造１を備えた放電事故検出装置８９を設ければ、この放電事故検出装置８９を配置する位置を選択して取り付けることにより、電路２に対して容易に放電検出構造１を組み付けることができる。また、放電検出構造１はローパスフィルタ部１９とハイパスフィルタ部１１を異なる装置に分けて組み込むものであっても良い。ローパスフィルタ１９の配置側は高周波帯域のノイズがカットされるため、電路の測定側を選択することができる。また、図４に示すことから理解されるように、各電路２に取り付けられるハイパスフィルタ部１１をアースに接続するように形成しても良い。ローパスフィルタ１９は各電路２に直列に形成するものであっても良いし、電路２間に渡すように形成するものであっても良い。   The discharge detection structure 1 may be built in the breaker 91 or the like, or may be formed separately (see FIG. 3). If the discharge accident detection device 89 provided with the discharge detection structure 1 is provided, the position where the discharge accident detection device 89 is disposed is selected and attached, so that the discharge detection structure 1 can be easily assembled to the electric circuit 2. it can. Further, the discharge detection structure 1 may be configured such that the low-pass filter unit 19 and the high-pass filter unit 11 are separately installed in different devices. Since the high-frequency band noise is cut off on the side where the low-pass filter 19 is arranged, the measurement side of the electric circuit can be selected. Further, as can be understood from FIG. 4, the high-pass filter unit 11 attached to each electric circuit 2 may be formed so as to be connected to the ground. The low-pass filter 19 may be formed in series with each electric circuit 2, or may be formed so as to pass between the electric circuits 2.

本実施形態の放電検出構造１に備えられたハイパスフィルタ部１１は、電路２間に渡すように抵抗１２とコンデンサ１３からなるハイパスフィルタ部１１の回路を配置している。また、抵抗１２間の電圧を検出することができる検出部１４を備えている。ハイパスフィルタ部１１に備えられたコンデンサ１３は、交流回路の周波数が高くなったときに電流が流れ、低くなると流れ難いという特性を備えている。このため、低周波帯域では電流が流れず、検出部１４では電流（抵抗１２間の電圧）を検出することができない。一方、高周波帯域では電流が流れ、検出部１４で電流（抵抗１２間の電圧）を検出することができる。したがって、検出部１４による電流通電の有無の検出により放電が発生したか否かを判定することができる。なお、放電によって発生するノイズは電線から空中に放射する高周波帯域の放電ノイズであり、検出部１４はこの高周波帯域の放電ノイズを検出する。周辺に配置した家電の動作などにより発生し得る家電ノイズはこの周波数帯域とは異なる帯域のものであり、ハイパスフィルタ部１１で検出されない。このため、本発明を用いれば、家電ノイズと切り分けて高周波帯域の放電ノイズを検出することができる。   In the high-pass filter unit 11 provided in the discharge detection structure 1 of the present embodiment, a circuit of the high-pass filter unit 11 including the resistor 12 and the capacitor 13 is arranged so as to pass between the electric paths 2. Further, a detection unit 14 that can detect a voltage between the resistors 12 is provided. The capacitor 13 provided in the high-pass filter unit 11 has a characteristic that a current flows when the frequency of the AC circuit increases, and that the current does not easily flow when the frequency of the AC circuit decreases. Therefore, no current flows in the low frequency band, and the detection unit 14 cannot detect the current (the voltage between the resistors 12). On the other hand, a current flows in the high frequency band, and the detection unit 14 can detect the current (the voltage between the resistors 12). Therefore, it is possible to determine whether or not a discharge has occurred by detecting whether or not the current is supplied by the detection unit 14. The noise generated by the discharge is high-frequency band discharge noise radiated from the electric wire into the air, and the detection unit 14 detects the high-frequency band discharge noise. Home appliance noise that may be generated by the operation of household appliances placed in the periphery is in a band different from this frequency band, and is not detected by the high-pass filter unit 11. For this reason, according to the present invention, it is possible to detect discharge noise in a high-frequency band separately from home appliance noise.

図５に示すことから理解されるように、放電検出構造１の配置には、分電盤７のリミッタスペース９３を利用することもできる。その場合、リードバーの代わりに電線によって配線を行い、放電検出構造１の二次側以降の放電を検出するように構成することが好ましい。   As can be understood from FIG. 5, the limiter space 93 of the distribution board 7 can be used for the arrangement of the discharge detection structure 1. In that case, it is preferable that wiring is performed by an electric wire instead of the lead bar, and the discharge on and after the secondary side of the discharge detection structure 1 is detected.

図６に示すことから理解されるように、放電検出構造１が、直列に複数配置されたものとしても良い。この場合、放電検出構造１間の放電の有無を判定可能な放電検出システム９９とすることができる。なお、図６に示す例ではスマートメータ６１と主幹ブレーカ９１ａの双方に放電検出構造１が組み込まれており、スマートメータ６１と主幹ブレーカ９１ａの間の異常を特定できるものとしている。詳しくは、スマートメータ６１に形成される放電検出構造１のハイパスフィルタ部１１は、ローパスフィルタ部１９によりスマートメータ６１の一次側の高周波帯域のノイズをカットし、主幹ブレーカ９のローパスフィルタ１９により主幹ブレーカ９１ａの二次側の高周波帯域のノイズをカットするものであるため、スマートメータ６１と主幹ブレーカ９１ａの間の異常を特定できるものである。   As can be understood from FIG. 6, a plurality of discharge detection structures 1 may be arranged in series. In this case, the discharge detection system 99 can determine the presence or absence of the discharge between the discharge detection structures 1. In the example shown in FIG. 6, the discharge detection structure 1 is incorporated in both the smart meter 61 and the main breaker 91a, so that an abnormality between the smart meter 61 and the main breaker 91a can be specified. More specifically, the high-pass filter section 11 of the discharge detection structure 1 formed in the smart meter 61 cuts the high-frequency band noise on the primary side of the smart meter 61 by the low-pass filter section 19, and the main-passage is cut by the low-pass filter 19 of the main breaker 9. Since the high frequency band noise on the secondary side of the breaker 91a is cut, an abnormality between the smart meter 61 and the main breaker 91a can be specified.

なお、放電検出構造１はハイパスフィルタ部１１の一次側にローパスフィルタ部１９を配置するものである必要は無く、ハイパスフィルタ部１１の二次側にローパスフィルタ部１９を配置するものとしても良い。ハイパスフィルタ部１１の二次側にローパスフィルタ部１９を配置した場合には、負荷側で発生した場合の高周波帯域のノイズはローパスフィルタ部１９を越えて、ハイパスフィルタに到達せず、ハイパスフィルタ部１１の一次側で生じる高周波帯域のノイズを検出することができるものである。   Note that the discharge detection structure 1 does not need to arrange the low-pass filter section 19 on the primary side of the high-pass filter section 11, and may arrange the low-pass filter section 19 on the secondary side of the high-pass filter section 11. When the low-pass filter section 19 is arranged on the secondary side of the high-pass filter section 11, high-frequency band noise generated on the load side passes through the low-pass filter section 19 and does not reach the high-pass filter. 11 can detect high-frequency band noise generated on the primary side.

また、電路２に流れている電流にも、放電ノイズが重畳されるため、電流検出器９７を用いてノイズが加えられていることを検出するようにすれば、より正確に放電の発生を検出できる。   In addition, since the discharge noise is also superimposed on the current flowing through the electric circuit 2, the occurrence of the discharge can be detected more accurately by detecting the addition of the noise using the current detector 97. it can.

以上、実施形態を例に挙げて本発明について説明してきたが、本発明は上記実施形態に限定されることはなく、各種の態様とすることが可能である。   As described above, the present invention has been described by taking the embodiment as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and can be various modes.

１ 放電検出構造
１１ ハイパスフィルタ部
１４ 検出部
１５ 判定部
１９ ローパスフィルタ部
８２ 警報表示部
９９ 放電検出システム DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Discharge detection structure 11 High-pass filter unit 14 Detector 15 Judgment unit 19 Low-pass filter unit 82 Alarm display unit 99 Discharge detection system

Claims (5)

負荷に接続される電路の電圧又は電流に重畳するノイズから放電を検出する放電検出構造において、
高周波帯域のノイズを通過させて放電の検出を行う電路間に渡して形成したハイパスフィルタ部と、
ハイパスフィルタ部への通電を検出する検出部と、
トラッキングや断線などの放電事故の有無を判定する判定部を有し、
前記判定部の信号によりブレーカの機構部を動作させて、開閉スイッチをオフする放電検出構造。 In a discharge detection structure that detects discharge from noise superimposed on the voltage or current of the electric circuit connected to the load,
A high-pass filter section formed by passing noise in a high-frequency band and passing between electric circuits for detecting discharge;
A detection unit that detects energization of the high-pass filter unit;
Has a determination unit that determines whether there is a discharge accident such as tracking or disconnection,
A discharge detection structure for operating a breaker mechanism in response to a signal from the determination unit to turn off an open / close switch. 放電事故があると判定したときに機械的に表示する警報表示部を外部に備え、前記警報表示部は開閉スイッチがオフされた場合でも警報表示された状態とする請求項１記載の放電検出構造。   2. The discharge detection structure according to claim 1, further comprising an externally provided alarm display unit that mechanically displays when it is determined that there is a discharge accident, wherein the alarm display unit displays an alarm even when an open / close switch is turned off. . 高周波帯域のノイズは電線から空中に放射する高周波帯域の放電ノイズである請求項１又は２に記載の放電検出構造。   The discharge detection structure according to claim 1, wherein the high-frequency band noise is high-frequency band discharge noise radiated from a wire to the air. 電路に電流を検出する電流検出器を備え、ハイパスフィルタへの通電の検出と、電流検出器の電流のノイズを検出した場合に放電の発生を判定する請求項１〜３のいずれかに記載の放電検出構造。   The electric circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising: a current detector that detects a current, detecting detection of energization of the high-pass filter, and determining occurrence of discharge when noise of the current of the current detector is detected. Discharge detection structure. ハイパスフィルタ部の一次側若しくは二次側の少なくとも一方にローパスフィルタ部が配置された請求項１〜４のいずれかに記載の放電検出構造。   The discharge detection structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a low-pass filter is disposed on at least one of the primary side and the secondary side of the high-pass filter.
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