JP2019161918A - Control device and power storage system provided with control device - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a control device capable of giving information on use of a component to a user, and to provide a power storage system provided with the control device.SOLUTION: In a power storage system 40, a control device has a control part structured so as to control a notification device 43 to notify estimation information on an estimation limit where a power storage device can supply electric power to at least one component of a man-power drive vehicle. The estimation information comprises a remaining drive distance allowing at least one component to drive, a remaining drive time allowing the component to drive and remaining drive frequency allowing the component to drive. At least one component is not a traveling assist device.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a control device and a power storage system including the control device for a manpowered vehicle.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for monitoring the remaining capacity of a battery and calculating an assist travelable distance.

JP-A-10-304502

  By the way, in a human-powered vehicle, it is difficult for a user to grasp how much a component (excluding a driving assistance device) that consumes electric power can be used in the future. The objective of this invention is providing the electrical storage system provided with the control apparatus and control apparatus which can give a user the information regarding use of a component.

The control device according to the first aspect of the present invention includes a control unit configured to control the notification device so as to notify the estimation information about the estimation limit at which the power storage device can supply power to at least one component of the manpowered vehicle. The at least one component excludes a driving assistance device.
According to this configuration, in the component that uses power, information regarding how much the component can be used later can be given to the user, so that convenience is improved.

In the control device according to the second aspect according to the first aspect, the estimation information includes the remaining driving distance capable of driving the at least one component, the remaining driving time capable of driving the at least one component, and the at least one It includes any one of the remaining number of times that the component can be driven.
According to this configuration, in the component that uses power, information regarding how much the component can be used later can be given to the user, so that convenience is improved.

In the control device according to the third aspect according to the second aspect, the control unit uses the remaining drive as the estimation information based on the remaining amount information regarding the remaining amount of the power storage device and the usage history of the at least one component. The notification device is controlled to notify at least one of the distance and the remaining drive time.
According to this configuration, in the component that uses power, information regarding how much the component can be used later can be given to the user, so that convenience is improved.

In the control device according to the fourth aspect according to the third aspect, the control unit uses the remaining drive distance as the estimated information based on the remaining amount information, the usage history, and deterioration information regarding the deterioration state of the power storage device. And the notification device is controlled to notify at least one of the remaining drive time.
According to this configuration, since the deterioration state of the power storage device is reflected in the estimation information, the accuracy of the estimation information is further increased.

In the control device according to the fifth aspect according to the third or fourth aspect, the control unit is based on the remaining amount information, the usage history, and an operation time of an additional component different from the at least one component. The notification device is controlled to notify at least one of the remaining driving distance and the remaining driving time as the estimation information, and the additional component is configured to always consume predetermined power during operation. Is done.
According to this configuration, even when an additional component that continuously consumes predetermined power is mounted, the operation time of the additional component is reflected in the estimation information, so that the accuracy of the estimation information is further improved. Increase.

In the control device of the sixth aspect according to the second aspect, the control unit is configured to perform the estimation information based on remaining amount information regarding a remaining amount of the power storage device and power consumption information regarding power consumption of the at least one component. The notification device is controlled so as to notify the remaining drive count.
According to this configuration, in the component that uses power, information regarding how much the component can be used later can be given to the user, so that convenience is improved.

In the control device according to the seventh aspect according to the sixth aspect, the control unit uses the remaining drive as the estimation information based on the remaining amount information, the power consumption information, and deterioration information regarding the deterioration state of the power storage device. The notification device is controlled to notify the number of times.
According to this configuration, since the deterioration state of the power storage device is reflected in the estimation information, the accuracy of the estimation information is further increased.

In the control device according to the eighth aspect according to the sixth or seventh aspect, the control unit includes the remaining amount information, the power consumption information, and an operation time of an additional component different from the at least one component. Based on this, the notification device is controlled to notify the remaining number of times of driving as the estimation information, and the additional component is configured to always consume predetermined power during operation.
According to this configuration, even when an additional component that continuously consumes predetermined power is mounted, the operation time of the additional component is reflected in the estimation information, so that the accuracy of the estimation information is further improved. Increase.

In the control device according to the ninth aspect according to the fifth or eighth aspect, the additional component includes at least one of a lamp, a speed sensor, a cadence sensor, and a driving force sensor.
According to this configuration, even when at least one of a lamp, a speed sensor, a cadence sensor, and a driving force sensor, which are devices that continuously consume predetermined power, is mounted, the operation time of the additional component is Since it is reflected in the estimation information, the accuracy of the estimation information is further increased.

In the control device according to the tenth aspect according to any one of the first to ninth aspects, the at least one component is selected from a transmission, a braking device, a suspension, an adjustable seat post, and an operation device.
For this reason, in a component that uses power every time it is used, information on how much the component can be used can be given to the user later, so that convenience is improved.

A power storage system according to an eleventh aspect of the present invention includes the control device according to any one of the first to tenth aspects and the power storage device.
According to this configuration, in the component that uses power, information regarding how much the component can be used later can be given to the user, so that convenience is improved.

In the power storage system according to the twelfth aspect according to the eleventh aspect, the power storage device includes at least one of a capacitor and a battery.
According to this configuration, in the component that uses power, information regarding how much the component can be used later can be given to the user, so that convenience is improved.

The power storage system according to the thirteenth aspect according to the eleventh or twelfth aspect further includes the notification device.
According to this configuration, in the component that uses power, information regarding how much the component can be used later can be given to the user, so that convenience is improved.

A control device according to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention includes a control unit configured to release an operation restriction state of at least one component of the human-powered vehicle when a predetermined pattern is input to the human-powered vehicle. The pattern includes a change in at least one electrical connection state of the at least one component and another component different from the at least one component.
According to this configuration, it is difficult for a person other than the user to decipher and the operation restricted state can be released by a pattern including elements that are easy for the user to memorize, so that both security and convenience can be improved.

In the control device according to the fifteenth aspect according to the fourteenth aspect, the control unit is configured to change the state of the component to the operation restricted state when the at least one component satisfies a predetermined condition.
According to this configuration, since the control unit changes the state of the component to the operation restricted state, the trouble of changing the component to the operation restricted state can be saved.

In the control device according to the sixteenth aspect according to the fourteenth or fifteenth aspect, the control unit is configured to receive change information and change the predetermined pattern based on the received change information.
For this reason, since the owner can change the predetermined pattern to his / her favorite pattern, usability is improved.

In the control device according to the seventeenth aspect according to any one of the fourteenth to sixteenth aspects, the predetermined pattern includes a change in a connection state of a cable connected to the component and a signal input change based on an operation on the other component. And including.
For this reason, a pattern can be complicated and security improves.

In the control device according to the eighteenth aspect according to any one of the fourteenth to seventeenth aspects, the control unit has a predetermined pattern on the human-powered vehicle within a predetermined time after the main power of the component is turned on. Is input, the operation restriction state of the component is released.
For this reason, since the release time is limited, security is improved.

  According to the control device and the power storage system including the control device of the present invention, it is possible to give information regarding the use of the component to the user.

The side view of the manpower drive vehicle of 1st Embodiment. The block diagram which shows the relationship between a control apparatus, an electrical storage apparatus, an electric apparatus, and an alerting | reporting apparatus. The wiring diagram which shows the connection relation of a control apparatus, an electrical storage apparatus, an electric apparatus, and an alerting | reporting apparatus. The figure of the display screen which shows estimation information. The chart which shows the relationship between the residual amount of an electrical storage apparatus, and the frequency | count of a speed change. The figure of the operation screen for changing a predetermined pattern. The flowchart of the determination process which determines cancellation | release of the operation | movement restriction | limiting state of a component.

(First embodiment)
A human-powered vehicle 10 will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 1 shows a side view of a manpowered vehicle 10. Here, the human-powered vehicle 10 means a vehicle that uses human power at least partially with respect to the driving force for traveling, and includes a vehicle that assists human power with electric power. Vehicles that use only motive power other than human power are not included in the human-powered vehicle 10. In particular, a vehicle using only an internal combustion engine as a driving force is not included in the manpower driven vehicle 10. Usually, the man-powered vehicle 10 is assumed to be a small light vehicle and a vehicle that does not require a license for driving on public roads. The illustrated manpowered vehicle 10 includes a bicycle. For example, the human-powered vehicle 10 is a city cycle. The man-powered vehicle 10 includes a frame F, a front fork FF, a front wheel WF, a rear wheel WR, a steering device ST, and a drive train DT. The frame F includes a support portion SP that supports the steering device ST. The support portion SP includes the head tube HT of the frame F.

  The drive train DT includes a crank assembly CW, a front sprocket FS, a rear sprocket RS, and a chain CN. The crank assembly CW includes a crankshaft (not shown), a pair of crank arms CA, and a pair of pedals PD. The pair of crank arms CA is attached to the crankshaft. The pair of pedals PD is rotatably attached to the respective tips of the pair of crank arms CA.

  The front sprocket FS is provided in the crank assembly CW. The rear sprocket RS is provided on the hub HA of the rear wheel WR. In one example, the chain CN is wound around the front sprocket FS and the rear sprocket RS. A driving force applied to the pedal PD by a passenger boarding the human-powered vehicle 10 is transmitted to the rear wheel WR via the front sprocket FS, the chain CN, and the rear sprocket RS.

  The manpowered vehicle 10 further includes at least one electric device, an electric device, and an electric device (hereinafter, “electric device 12”).

  The electric device 12 includes a transmission device 16, a braking device 18, a suspension 20, an adjustable seat post 22, an operation device 24, a ramp 26, a speed sensor 28, a cadence sensor 30, and a driving force sensor 32.

  The transmission 16 includes, for example, a rear derailleur 16A. The rear derailleur 16A is provided at the rear end RE of the frame F. The transmission 16 may include a front derailleur (not shown).

  The braking device 18 is a disc brake device that brakes the rotating body RB of the human-powered vehicle 10. The rotating body RB is a disc brake rotor. The braking device 18 is provided on each of the front wheel WF and the rear wheel WR. The braking device 18 brakes the rotating body RB in accordance with an operation input to the braking operation device BL attached to the steering device ST.

  The suspension 20 includes a front suspension 20A. The front suspension 20A operates so that the impact received by the front wheel WF from the ground is reduced. The suspension 20 may include a rear suspension (not shown) that operates so that the impact received by the rear wheel WR from the ground is reduced.

  The adjustable seat post 22 operates to change the height of the saddle SD with respect to the frame F. The adjustable seat post 22 includes a drive mechanism (not shown).

  The operating device 24 includes at least one switch. The switch may be a switch having a rotating structure, a switch having a pressing structure, or a switch having a lever structure. The operation device 24 is configured to be able to operate at least one of the transmission device 16, the braking device 18, the suspension 20, and the adjustable seat post 22.

  The lamp 26 includes a light bulb and an LED (light emitting diode). In the present embodiment, the lamp 26 is attached to the front fork FF. The ramp 26 may be attached to the steering device ST or the frame F. The lamp 26 consumes predetermined power when the operation switch is turned on.

  The speed sensor 28 detects the rotational speed of the front wheel WF or the rear wheel WR. The speed sensor 28 includes, for example, a hall sensor (not shown). The speed sensor 28 consumes predetermined power during operation.

  The cadence sensor 30 detects the rotational speed of the crank. The cadence sensor 30 detects, for example, a magnet provided on the crankshaft. The cadence sensor 30 includes a magnetic detection sensor such as a reed switch or a Hall element. The cadence sensor 30 consumes predetermined power during operation.

  The driving force sensor 32 detects the torque of the crankshaft of the crank assembly CW. The driving force sensor 32 is, for example, a strain gauge, a semiconductor strain sensor, or a magnetostrictive sensor. The driving force sensor 32 is provided around the crankshaft. The driving force sensor 32 consumes predetermined power.

  The man-powered vehicle 10 includes a power storage system 40. The power storage system 40 includes a control device 41 and a power storage device 42. The power storage system 40 further includes a notification device 43.

  The control device 41 includes a control unit 41A configured to control the notification device 43 so as to notify the estimation information regarding the estimation limit at which the power storage device 42 can supply power to at least one component 44 of the human-powered vehicle 10. . Here, the at least one component 44 excludes the driving assistance device. The control unit 41A includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit). The travel assist device assists the propulsion of the manpowered vehicle 10 using electric energy. The at least one component 44 is selected from the transmission 16, the braking device 18, the suspension 20, the adjustable seat post 22, and the operating device 24.

  “Control of the notification device 43 so as to notify the estimation information about the estimation limit at which power can be supplied to at least one component 44” means that the estimation information is transmitted to the notification device 43 as information of the component 44, and the estimation information Means that the notification device 43 notifies the user.

  The “estimation limit at which the power storage device 42 can supply power to at least one component 44 of the human-powered vehicle 10” means that the at least one component 44 can sufficiently operate from the time when the control device 41 derives the estimation information. This means an estimated limit amount of the operation amount at which at least one component 44 can operate until the power storage device 42 can no longer supply the power.

  For example, the estimation information may be any one of a remaining driving distance that can drive at least one component 44, a remaining driving time that can drive at least one component 44, and a remaining number of times that at least one component 44 can be driven. Including one.

  In the present embodiment, the control unit 41A, based on the remaining amount information regarding the remaining amount of the power storage device 42 and the usage history of at least one component 44, at least one of the remaining driving distance and the remaining driving time as estimated information. The notification device 43 is controlled so as to notify one of them.

  The control device 41 further includes a storage unit 41 </ b> B that stores relationship data indicating the relationship between the remaining amount of the power storage device 42 and the operable amount of at least one component 44. The storage unit 41B includes a ROM (Read Only Memory) and a RAM (Random Access Memory). The relational data is derived from the “remaining amount” of the power storage device 42 to determine the operable amount by which at least one component 44 can operate. The relationship data is determined in advance by measurement or simulation. The relationship data may be a chart, a mathematical expression, or tabular data. The operable amount includes, for example, the number of drivable times and the drivable time.

  The power storage device 42 includes at least one of a capacitor and a battery. The battery includes a secondary battery. The power storage device 42 supplies power to the electric device 12. The power storage device 42 can be charged from an external device.

  The notification device 43 includes a cycle computer 43A. The cycle computer 43A is detachably attached to the steering device ST, for example. The notification device 43 includes at least one of a display unit that displays information and a speaker that notifies information by voice. The notification device 43 includes a mobile viewer. The mobile viewer can be mounted on the user's head, has one or two lenses, and displays information ahead of the user's line of sight.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a connection relationship among the control device 41, the power storage device 42, the notification device 43, and each electric device 12. The control device 41 receives information transmitted from the notification device 43 and information transmitted from each electric device 12. The control device 41 transmits information to the notification device 43 and each electric device 12.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the control device 41, the power storage device 42, the notification device 43, and the electric device 12 are connected by a cable 38. Control device 41 communicates with power storage device 42, notification device 43, and electrical device 12. Communication is performed by wire or wireless. The power system and the communication system may be configured by independent systems or may be configured by a common system. In this embodiment, the control apparatus 41, the electrical storage apparatus 42, the alerting | reporting apparatus 43, and the electric apparatus 12 communicate by power line communication (Power Line Communication: PLC).

  Hereinafter, a case where the transmission device 16 is cited as an example of the component 44 and the estimation information of the transmission device 16 is derived will be described. In the case of this example, the power storage device 42 mainly supplies power to the transmission 16. The power storage device 42 also supplies power to the control device 41, but the power consumption of the control device 41 is less than the power consumption of the transmission 16. In the model of the present embodiment, the power consumption of the control device 41 is regarded as “0”.

  FIG. 4 is an example of a display screen showing estimation information. As shown in FIG. 4, the notification device 43 can drive the transmission device 16 as “estimated information” as “estimated driving distance” that means a travelable distance that can be traveled in the driveable state of the transmission device 16 in the future. “Remaining drive time” indicating time and “remaining drive count” indicating the number of times the transmission 16 can be driven in the future are displayed.

  The “remaining drive distance”, “remaining drive time”, and “remaining drive count” are obtained as follows using the relationship data. In the present embodiment, the relationship data is a speed changeable frequency chart showing the relationship between the remaining amount of the power storage device 42 and the speed changeable frequency.

  As shown in FIG. 5, in the speed changeable frequency chart, the speed changeable frequency decreases as the remaining amount of power storage device 42 decreases. The shiftable frequency chart showing the relationship between the remaining amount of the power storage device 42 and the shiftable frequency is determined by measurement or simulation. The storage unit 41B stores a speed change count chart. 41 A of control parts obtain the residual amount of the electrical storage apparatus 42 from the electrical storage apparatus 42, and derive the frequency | count of speed change with reference to the frequency change count chart memorize | stored in the memory | storage part 41B. And 41 A of control parts output the frequency | count of gearshift to the alerting | reporting apparatus 43, and the alerting | reporting apparatus 43 alert | reports "the number of remaining drive times".

Further, the control unit 41A updates the usage history of the transmission 16 as needed during traveling. Recording of the history is started by starting the traveling of the human-powered vehicle 10, and a usage history of the transmission 16 is formed.
For example, the control unit 41A makes a pair of the travel time from the start of travel and the number of times the transmission 16 is used from the start of travel to the lapse of travel time, and stores the pair as a use history in the storage unit 41B. The control unit 41A obtains the number of times the transmission device 16 is used per unit travel time based on the travel time and the number of times the transmission device 16 is used. The number of times the transmission 16 is used per unit travel time is updated as the travel time elapses. Further, the control unit 41A obtains the above “remaining drive count” at the time of history update. Then, the control unit 41A derives the above-mentioned “remaining drive time” by calculating the above “remaining drive count” / “the number of times the transmission 16 is used per unit travel time”.

  Further, the control unit 41A makes a pair of the travel distance from the start of travel and the number of times the transmission device 16 is used from the start of travel until the travel of the travel distance is stored in the storage unit 41B as a use history. The control unit 41A determines the number of times the transmission device 16 is used per unit travel distance based on the travel distance and the number of times the transmission device 16 is used. The number of times the transmission 16 is used per unit travel distance is updated as needed as the travel distance increases. Further, the control unit 41A obtains the above “remaining drive count” at the time of history update. Then, the control unit 41A calculates the above “remaining driving distance” / “the number of times the transmission device 16 is used per unit travel distance” to derive the above “remaining driving distance”.

Next, a case where a plurality of components 44 operate will be described. In this case, the control unit 41 </ b> A forms a usage history for each of the plurality of components 44.
For example, for the first component 44, the control unit 41A pairs the travel time from the start of travel with the number of times the transmission 16 is used from the start of travel to the passage of travel time, and stores the first component 44 as a first use history. Store in 41B. For the first component 44, the control unit 41A obtains the number of uses of the transmission 16 per unit travel time, and obtains the power consumption per unit travel time from the number of uses and the power consumption of the first component 44.

  Further, the control unit 41A stores the second component 44 as a second usage history by pairing the travel time from the start of travel with the number of uses of the transmission 16 from the start of travel to the lapse of travel time. Store in 41B. For the second component 44, the control unit 41A obtains the number of uses of the transmission 16 per unit travel time, and obtains the power consumption per unit travel time from the number of uses and the power consumption of the second component 44.

  Furthermore, the control unit 41A determines the remaining amount of the power storage device 42 based on the ratio between the power consumption per unit travel time of the first component 44 and the power consumption per unit travel time of the second component 44. The remaining amount allocated to the first component 44 and the remaining amount allocated to the second component 44 are obtained.

  Based on the remaining amount allocated to the first component 44 and the usage history of the first component 44, the control unit 41A determines at least one of the remaining driving distance and the remaining driving time as the estimation information of the first component 44. The notification device 43 is controlled so as to be notified. The control unit 41A also determines at least one of the remaining driving distance and the remaining driving time as the estimation information of the second component 44 based on the remaining amount allocated to the second component 44 and the usage history of the second component 44. The notification device 43 is controlled to notify one.

  The operation of this embodiment will be described. The control unit 41A obtains estimation information regarding an estimation limit at which power can be supplied to the component 44. As described above, the “estimation limit” is the estimated limit amount of the operation amount at which at least one component 44 can operate before the power storage device 42 cannot supply enough power for the at least one component 44 to operate sufficiently. means. Such estimated information is notified from the notification device 43. Since it is difficult to estimate the estimated limit amount of the operation amount that the component 44 can operate based on the remaining amount of the power storage device 42, it is advantageous for the user to notify the estimated limit amount of the operation amount that the component 44 can operate. There is. For example, the user can compare the estimated limit amount with the distance to the destination or the time to the destination. The user can examine the frequency of use of the component 44 and can plan the timing of charging.

(Second Embodiment)
A control device 41 according to the second embodiment will be described. Since the relationship between the control device 41 of the second embodiment, the electric device 12, the power storage device 42, and the notification device 43 is the same as that of the control device 41 of the first embodiment, the configuration common to the first embodiment Are denoted by the same reference numerals as in the first embodiment, and redundant description is omitted. The control device 41 according to the second embodiment includes the following configuration in addition to the configuration of the control device 41 according to the first embodiment.

  Based on the remaining amount information, the usage history, and the deterioration information related to the deterioration state of the power storage device 42, the control unit 41A notifies at least one of the remaining driving distance and the remaining driving time as estimation information. To control. The “degradation information regarding the deterioration state of the power storage device 42” includes the cumulative use time of the power storage device 42, the cumulative number of charge / discharge cycles, and the voltage of the power storage device 42. The accumulated use time indicates the total discharge time of the power storage device 42 from the time of shipment of the human-powered vehicle 10 to the time of calculation of estimated information. The cumulative number of charging / discharging indicates the number of charging / discharging of the power storage device 42 from the time of shipment of the manpowered vehicle 10 to the time of calculation of the estimation information.

  Hereinafter, a case where the transmission device 16 is cited as an example of the component 44 and the estimation information of the transmission device 16 is derived will be described. The model of this embodiment is a model that considers the power consumption of the control device 41 as “0”, as in the first embodiment.

  Control unit 41 </ b> A updates the speed changeable number chart based on the deterioration information regarding the deterioration state of power storage device 42. For example, the number of possible shifts in each remaining amount is reduced in the shift possible number chart in accordance with the increase in the accumulated usage time or the accumulated charge / discharge number of the power storage device 42 or the decrease in the voltage of the power storage device 42. The control unit 41A obtains the “remaining driving distance”, “remaining driving time”, and “remaining driving frequency” in the same manner as in the first embodiment with reference to the updated speed changeable frequency chart.

  The control unit 41A may update the speed changeable frequency chart every predetermined time, or each time the “remaining drive distance”, “remaining drive time”, and “remaining drive frequency” are calculated, It may be updated. Further, the control unit 41A does not update the entire speed changeable number chart, but corresponds to the remaining amount of the power storage device 42 at the time of calculating the “remaining driving distance”, “remaining driving time”, and “remaining driving number”. Only the number of possible shifts may be updated.

(Third embodiment)
A control device 41 according to the third embodiment will be described. Since the relationship between the control device 41 of the third embodiment and the electric device 12, the power storage device 42, and the notification device 43 is the same as that of the control device 41 of the first embodiment, the configuration common to the first embodiment Are denoted by the same reference numerals as in the first embodiment, and redundant description is omitted. The control device 41 according to the third embodiment includes the following configuration in addition to the configuration of the control device 41 according to the first embodiment.

  Based on the remaining amount information, the use history, and the operation time of the additional component 46 different from the at least one component 44, the control unit 41A uses at least one of the remaining driving distance and the remaining driving time as the estimation information. Is notified to the notification device 43, and the additional component 46 is configured to always consume predetermined power during operation. Here, “usage history” means the usage history of the component 44 as in the first embodiment. The additional components 46 include at least one of the lamp 26, the speed sensor 28, the cadence sensor 30, and the driving force sensor 32. These additional components 46 are used continuously continuously with little change in power consumption during operation.

  Below, the control apparatus 41 of the man-powered vehicle 10 provided with the transmission 16 as the component 44 and provided with the speed sensor 28, the cadence sensor 30, and the driving force sensor 32 as the additional component 46 will be described. The model of this embodiment is a model that considers the power consumption of the control device 41 as “0”, as in the first embodiment.

  The speed sensor 28, the cadence sensor 30, and the driving force sensor 32 repeat operation and non-operation while the human-powered vehicle 10 is traveling. The power consumption of the speed sensor 28, the cadence sensor 30, and the driving force sensor 32 is stored in advance in the storage unit 41B of the control device 41. The operation time of each of the speed sensor 28, the cadence sensor 30, and the driving force sensor 32 is stored as a history in the storage unit 41B. The longer the operation time per unit time, the greater the power consumption.

  The control unit 41A updates the speed changeable number chart according to the operation time per unit time of the speed sensor 28, the cadence sensor 30, and the driving force sensor 32. As the operation time per unit time, for example, the total of the operation time per unit time of the speed sensor, the operation time per unit time of the cadence sensor 30, and the operation time per unit time of the driving force sensor 32 is used. The control unit 41A obtains “remaining driving distance”, “remaining driving time”, and “remaining driving frequency” in the same manner as in the first embodiment with reference to the updated variable speed chart.

(Fourth embodiment)
A control device 41 according to the fourth embodiment will be described. Since the relationship between the control device 41 of the fourth embodiment and the electric device 12, the power storage device 42, and the notification device 43 is the same as that of the control device 41 of the first embodiment, the configuration common to the first embodiment Are denoted by the same reference numerals as in the first embodiment, and redundant description is omitted.

  The control device 41 is configured to control the notification device 43 so as to notify the estimation information regarding the estimation limit at which the power storage device 42 can supply power to at least one component 44 of the human-powered vehicle 10. Here, the at least one component 44 excludes the driving assistance device. The estimation information is any one of a remaining driving distance capable of driving at least one component 44, a remaining driving time capable of driving at least one component 44, and a remaining number of driving times capable of driving at least one component 44. Including one.

  This embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the following points. In the first embodiment, the control unit 41A determines at least one of the remaining driving distance and the remaining driving time as estimation information based on the remaining amount information regarding the remaining amount of the power storage device 42 and the usage history of at least one component 44. It is comprised so that the alerting | reporting apparatus 43 may be controlled to alert | report one. On the other hand, in the present embodiment, the control unit 41A determines the remaining number of driving times as estimation information based on the remaining amount information regarding the remaining amount of the power storage device 42 and the power consumption information regarding the power consumption of at least one component 44. The notification device 43 is controlled so as to be notified.

  Hereinafter, a case where the transmission device 16 is cited as an example of the component 44 and the estimation information of the transmission device 16 is derived will be described. In the case of this example, the power storage device 42 mainly supplies power to the transmission 16. The power storage device 42 also supplies power to the control device 41, but the power consumption of the control device 41 is less than the power consumption of the transmission 16. In the model of this embodiment, the power consumption of the control device 41 is regarded as “0”.

  The control unit 41A stores the power consumption in one operation of the transmission 16 in the storage unit 41B. The control unit 41 </ b> A obtains the “remaining electric energy” that can be supplied by the power storage device 42 based on the remaining amount of the power storage device 42. Then, the control unit 41A derives the “remaining drive count” of the transmission 16 by calculating “remaining electric energy” / “power consumption in one operation of the transmission 16”.

  Moreover, according to 1st Embodiment, 41 A of control parts update the usage log | history of the transmission 16 at any time during driving | running | working. That is, the control unit 41A stores the travel time and the number of uses of the transmission 16 in the storage unit 41B as a pair of data. Then, the control unit 41A obtains the number of times the transmission device 16 is used per unit travel time based on the travel time and the number of times the transmission device 16 is used. The controller 41A derives the “remaining drive time” by calculating “remaining drive count” / “number of times the transmission device 16 is used per unit travel time”. Further, the control unit 41A stores the travel distance and the number of uses of the transmission 16 as a pair of data. Then, the control unit 41A obtains the number of uses of the transmission 16 per unit travel distance based on the travel distance and the number of uses of the transmission 16. The controller 41A calculates “remaining driving distance” by calculating “remaining driving frequency” / “number of times the transmission device 16 is used per unit travel distance”.

(Fifth embodiment)
A control device 41 according to the fifth embodiment will be described. Since the relationship between the control device 41 of the fifth embodiment, the electric device 12, the power storage device 42, and the notification device 43 is the same as that of the control device 41 of the fourth embodiment, the configuration common to the fourth embodiment Are denoted by the same reference numerals as in the fourth embodiment, and redundant description is omitted. The control device 41 according to the fifth embodiment includes the following configuration in addition to the configuration of the control device 41 according to the fourth embodiment.

  41 A of control parts control the alerting | reporting apparatus 43 to alert | report remaining drive frequency as estimation information based on residual amount information, power consumption information, and the degradation information regarding the degradation state of the electrical storage apparatus 42. FIG. The “degradation information regarding the deterioration state of the power storage device 42” includes the cumulative use time of the power storage device 42, the cumulative number of charge / discharge cycles, and the voltage of the power storage device 42.

  Hereinafter, a case where the transmission device 16 is cited as an example of the component 44 and the estimation information of the transmission device 16 is derived will be described. The model of the present embodiment is a model that considers the power consumption of the control device 41 as “0”, as in the fourth embodiment.

  The control unit 41A stores the power consumption in one operation of the transmission 16 in the storage unit 41B. The control unit 41 </ b> A obtains the “remaining electric energy” that can be supplied by the power storage device 42 based on the remaining amount of the power storage device 42. Further, the control unit 41 </ b> A updates the “remaining electric energy” based on the deterioration information regarding the deterioration state of the power storage device 42. For example, the “remaining electric energy” is decreased in accordance with the increase in the accumulated usage time or the accumulated charge / discharge frequency of the power storage device 42 or the magnitude of the decrease in the voltage of the power storage device 42. Then, the control unit 41A calculates the “remaining electric energy” / “power consumption in one operation of the transmission 16” after the update, thereby deriving the “remaining drive count” of the transmission 16. Further, the control unit 41A obtains the “remaining driving distance” and the “remaining driving time” using the use history and the “remaining driving frequency” according to the fourth embodiment.

(Sixth embodiment)
A control device 41 according to the sixth embodiment will be described. Since the relationship between the control device 41 of the sixth embodiment, the electric device 12, the power storage device 42, and the notification device 43 is the same as that of the control device 41 of the fourth embodiment, the configuration common to the first embodiment Are denoted by the same reference numerals as in the fourth embodiment, and redundant description is omitted. The control device 41 according to the sixth embodiment includes the following configuration in addition to the configuration of the control device 41 according to the fourth embodiment.

  41 A of control parts control the alerting | reporting apparatus 43 to alert | report the frequency | count of a remaining drive as estimation information based on residual amount information, power consumption information, and the operation time of the additional component 46 different from the at least 1 component 44. However, the additional component 46 is configured to always consume predetermined power during operation. The additional components 46 include at least one of the lamp 26, the speed sensor 28, the cadence sensor 30, and the driving force sensor 32. These additional components 46 are used continuously continuously with little change in power consumption during operation.

  Below, the control apparatus 41 of the man-powered vehicle 10 provided with the transmission 16 as the component 44 and provided with the speed sensor 28, the cadence sensor 30, and the driving force sensor 32 as the additional component 46 will be described. The model of the present embodiment is a model that considers the power consumption of the control device 41 as “0”, as in the fourth embodiment.

  The speed sensor 28, the cadence sensor 30, and the driving force sensor 32 repeat operation and non-operation while the human-powered vehicle 10 is traveling. The power consumption of the speed sensor 28, the cadence sensor 30, and the driving force sensor 32 is stored in advance in the storage unit 41B of the control unit 41A. The operation time of each of the speed sensor 28, the cadence sensor 30, and the driving force sensor 32 is stored as a history in the storage unit 41B. The longer the operation time per unit time, the greater the power consumption.

  The control unit 41 </ b> A obtains the “remaining electric energy” that can be supplied by the power storage device 42 based on the remaining amount of the power storage device 42. Further, the control unit 41A updates the “remaining electric energy” according to the operation time per unit time of the speed sensor 28, the cadence sensor 30, and the driving force sensor 32. For example, according to the total operation time of the operation time per unit time of the speed sensor 28, the operation time per unit time of the cadence sensor 30, and the operation time per unit time of the driving force sensor 32, the “remaining electric energy” Decrease. Then, the control unit 41A calculates the “remaining electric energy” / “power consumption in one operation of the transmission 16” after the update, thereby deriving the “remaining drive count” of the transmission 16. Further, the control unit 41A obtains the “remaining driving distance” and the “remaining driving time” using the use history and the “remaining driving frequency” according to the fourth embodiment.

(Modification)
The description regarding each said embodiment is an illustration of the form which the control apparatus 41 of the human-powered vehicle 10 according to this invention can take, and it does not intend restrict | limiting the form. The control device 41 of the human-powered vehicle 10 according to the present invention can take a form in which, for example, a modification of the above-described embodiment described below and at least two modifications not contradicting each other are combined. In the following modified examples, the same reference numerals as those in the embodiment are given to portions common to the embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted.

  In the first embodiment, the manpowered vehicle 10 does not include a travel assist device (drive unit), but may include a travel assist device. In this case, the travel assist device may be driven by the power of a power storage device different from the power storage device 42 that supplies power to the components 44 and 46 according to the present embodiment. In this case, the power consumption of the driving assistance device does not affect the estimation accuracy of the estimation information of the components 44 and 46.

(Seventh embodiment)
A control device 41 according to the seventh embodiment will be described. The technique of the present embodiment is a technique related to the operation restriction release of the electric device 12. In addition, about the structure which is common in 1st Embodiment, the code | symbol same as 1st Embodiment is attached | subjected and the overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted. The control device 41 may have the functions of the first to sixth embodiments, or may not have the functions of the first to sixth embodiments.

  A bicycle theft prevention system for preventing theft of a bicycle is known. The bicycle anti-theft system is unlocked by inputting a personal identification number by operating an operation button. By the way, the password is difficult to remember because it is an enumeration of numbers. It is preferable that the method of canceling the operation restriction of the human-powered vehicle 10 is easy to memorize. Hereinafter, the technique regarding the cancellation | release of the operation | movement restriction | limiting of the human-powered vehicle 10 is demonstrated.

  Further, the at least one component 44 includes a component having an operation restricted state. The operation restriction state includes a state where the component itself restricts the operation range or a state where the component restricts the operation of other components. It is preferable that the component having the operation restricted state makes the movement of the manpowered vehicle 10 difficult in the operation restricted state. For example, the components having the operation restriction state include the transmission 16 and the braking device 18.

  The transmission device 16 shifts to an operation restricted state by satisfying a predetermined condition. In the operation limited state, the transmission 16 takes a gear ratio that is higher than the intermediate gear ratio and is unlikely to shift to another gear ratio. The operation restriction state of the transmission 16 is released by the restriction release signal of the control unit 41A. In the operation restriction release state, the transmission device 16 takes a gear ratio lower than the gear ratio in the operation restriction state.

  The brake device 18 shifts to an operation restricted state when a predetermined condition is satisfied. In the operation restricted state, the braking device 18 takes a braking posture capable of braking the rotating body RB to be braked, and is in a state where it is difficult to shift to another posture. The operation restriction state of the braking device 18 is released by the operation restriction release signal of the control unit 41A. The braking device 18 takes an allowable posture in which the operation of the rotating body RB to be braked is permitted in the operation restriction release state.

  The control device 41 includes a control unit 41A configured to release an operation restriction state of at least one component 44 of the human-powered vehicle 10 when a predetermined pattern is input to the human-powered vehicle 10, It includes a change in at least one electrical connection state of at least one component 44 and at least one other component different from the at least one component 44. The other components may include components other than the transmission 16 and the braking device 18 that are set to be in an operation-restricted state by a command from the control device 41 among the components 44 of the manpowered vehicle 10.

  The component 44 shifts to an operation restricted state either manually or by a command from the control unit 41A. In the present embodiment, the component 44 shifts to a restricted state in response to a command from the control unit 41A. Specifically, the control unit 41A is configured to change the state of at least one component 44 to the operation restricted state when at least one component 44 satisfies a predetermined condition. For example, the control unit 41A acquires cadence from the cadence sensor 30 at a predetermined period. The control unit 41A determines the traveling state of the human-powered vehicle 10 based on the cadence. The running state includes a stop state in which the manpowered vehicle 10 is stopped. Further, the control unit 41 </ b> A measures the stop time of the human-powered vehicle 10. 41 A of control parts change the state of the component 44 to an operation | movement restriction | limiting state based on stoppage time becoming longer than predetermined time. The predetermined condition for changing the state of the component 44 to the operation restricted state is not limited to this. For example, the predetermined condition includes a predetermined operation on the operation device 24.

  The control device 41 and the component 44 are connected by a cable 38. The control device 41 communicates with the component 44. Communication is performed by wire. The power system and the communication system may be configured by independent systems or may be configured by a common system. In this embodiment, the control apparatus 41, the electrical storage apparatus 42, the alerting | reporting apparatus 43, and the electric apparatus 12 communicate by power line communication (Power Line Communication: PLC). The control unit 41A of the control device 41 monitors the connection state of each device connected to the cable 38 by power line communication. The connection state indicates whether or not the cable 38 is electrically connected. Whether or not it is electrically connected includes the concept of whether or not communication is possible.

  The control unit 41A of the control device 41 is configured to cancel the operation restriction state of the component 44 when a predetermined pattern is input to the manpowered vehicle 10 when the state of the component 44 is the operation restriction state.

  Preferably, the component 44 turns off the main power supply of the component 44 based on the transition of the component 44 to the operation restricted state. The component 44 can receive information from the control unit 41A in the off state. When transitioning to the motion restricted state, the component 44 maintains the posture immediately before transitioning to the motion restricted state. Specifically, the posture is maintained to the extent that it does not collapse unless a force that deforms the component 44 is applied. Preferably, the structure for maintaining the posture of the component 44 preferably includes mechanical engagement.

The control unit 41A detects that “a predetermined pattern is input to the human-powered vehicle 10”. For example, the control unit 41A outputs an operation restriction release command to the component 44 upon detection of an input of a predetermined pattern.
Preferably, the control unit 41A is configured to cancel the operation restriction state of the component 44 when a predetermined pattern is input to the human-powered vehicle 10 within a predetermined time after the main power supply of the component 44 is turned on. Is done.
Specifically, the control unit 41A does not accept an input of a predetermined pattern when the component 44 is in an off state. The control unit 41A receives an input of a predetermined pattern for a period within a predetermined time after the main power supply of the component 44 is turned on. Further, the control unit 41A does not accept an input of a predetermined pattern when a predetermined time elapses after the main power supply of the component 44 is turned on. In this way, the control unit 41A accepts an input of a predetermined pattern only for a predetermined period from the time when the main power supply of the component 44 is turned on to the elapse of a predetermined time.

  The predetermined pattern includes a change in the connection state of the cable 38 connected to the component 44 and a signal input change based on an operation on another component. Here, the cable 38 includes those used for power line communication and power supply. The “change in the connection state of the cable 38 connected to the component 44” is a change in the connection state based on the insertion and removal of the cable 38 from the component 44 and the component 44 and the cable in a state where the component 44 and the cable 38 are connected. 38 includes a change in connection state based on a switch for switching the connection with the terminal 38. In the case where the component 44 is the transmission 16, an example of “change in the connection state of the cable 38 connected to the component 44” is “insertion / removal of the cable 38 with respect to the transmission 16”.

  “Signal input change based on an operation on another component” includes a change in a signal formed by the other component based on a change in operation of the operation unit operated by the user. When the other component is the operation device 24, “signal input change based on switch operation of the operation device 24” is an example of “a signal input change based on an operation on another component”.

  The predetermined pattern includes at least one “change in the connection state of the cable 38 connected to the component 44” and at least one “signal input change based on an operation on another component”.

  As an example of the predetermined pattern, a pattern performed for the next component group will be described. The operating device 24 includes a right switch 24R and a left switch 24L. The right switch 24R is attached to the right side of the steering device ST, for example. The left switch 24L is attached to the left side of the steering device ST, for example. One of the right switch 24R and the left switch 24L is a switch that shifts up the transmission 16, and the other is a switch that shifts down the transmission 16.

  In such a component group, the predetermined pattern includes four elements. “First” to “fourth” indicate an input order to the human-powered vehicle 10. The first element is a change in the input signal input to the control unit 41A when the right switch 24R is pressed. The second element is a change in the input signal input to the control unit 41A when the left switch 24L is pressed. The third element is a change in which the connection state between the transmission 16 and the cable 38 becomes a non-connection state as the cable 38 is disconnected from the transmission 16. The fourth element is a change in which the disconnected state between the transmission 16 and the cable 38 becomes a connected state as the cable 38 is inserted from the transmission 16. The control unit 41A generates the above-described restriction release signal based on detecting the predetermined pattern.

  Preferably, the control unit 41A is configured to receive change information and change a predetermined pattern based on the received change information. For example, the change of the predetermined pattern is performed via the notification device 43. The notification device 43 includes a cycle computer 43A having a display screen. It is preferable that the notification device 43 can communicate with the control unit 41A. The notification device 43 can be connected to the cable 38. For example, the notification device 43 communicates with the control device 41 by power line communication. In the present embodiment, the notification device 43 has a touch panel.

  The notification device 43 reads the predetermined pattern from the control unit 41A and displays the predetermined pattern on the display screen. The notification device 43 has an application for changing a predetermined pattern. The application displays a plurality of elements constituting the predetermined pattern for each order of the predetermined pattern. The application accepts the user's selection operation as the change information, and determines the elements in each order of the predetermined pattern.

  FIG. 6 is an example of the operation screen 60 of the application. The display image shown in FIG. 6 is an operation image for changing the first of the predetermined patterns. In this example, eight elements are displayed as selectable elements. The first element is “press the right switch 24R of the operating device 24”. The second element is “press the left switch 24L of the operating device 24”. The third element is “operating the right brake lever”. The fourth element is “operating the left brake lever”. The fifth element is “change the cable 38 of the transmission 16 from the connected state to the disconnected state”. The sixth element is “change the cable 38 of the transmission 16 from the disconnected state to the connected state”. The seventh element is “change the cycle computer 43A from the disconnected state to the connected state”. The eighth element is “to make the saddle SD a predetermined position (height)”. Further, “change” and “cancel” are shown in the operation image. By touching “Change”, the first element is changed to the element in which the element before the change is selected. By touching “Cancel”, the first element is maintained as it is without changing the element before the change.

  With reference to FIG. 7, the operation of the control unit 41A when a predetermined pattern is input to the human-powered vehicle 10 will be described. As described above, the control unit 41A receives a predetermined pattern for a reception period from the time when the component 44 is in the operation restricted state and the main power supply of the component 44 is turned on to a predetermined time. In the reception period, the control unit 41A executes the flowchart shown in FIG. 7 at a predetermined cycle. The control unit 41A shifts to step S11 of the flowchart shown in FIG. 7 at the first timing of the predetermined cycle, and starts the flow.

  In step S11, the control unit 41A determines whether or not the right switch 24R of the operating device 24 is pressed. If the control unit 41A determines in step S11 that the right switch 24R has been pressed (YES determination), the control unit 41A proceeds to the next step S12, and in the case of other determinations (NO determination), the control unit 41A. Ends the flow and waits until the start of the next cycle.

  In step S12, the control unit 41A determines whether or not the left switch 24L of the controller device 24 is pressed. If the control unit 41A determines in step S12 that the left switch 24L has been pressed, the control unit 41A proceeds to the next step S13, and if the determination is other than this (NO determination), the control unit 41A ends the flow. And wait until the next flow starts.

  In step S13, the control unit 41A determines whether or not the cable 38 of the transmission 16 is changed from the connected state to the disconnected state. In step S13, when the control unit 41A determines that the cable 38 of the transmission 16 has changed from the connected state to the disconnected state, the control unit 41A proceeds to the next step S14, and performs other determinations (NO determination). At this time, the control unit 41A ends the flow and waits until the start of the next cycle.

  In step S14, the control unit 41A determines whether or not the cable 38 of the transmission 16 is changed from the disconnected state to the connected state. When the control unit 41A determines in step S14 that the cable 38 of the transmission 16 has changed from the disconnected state to the connected state, the control unit 41A proceeds to the next step S15, and the control unit 41A receives the operation restriction release signal. And the operation restriction state of the component 44 is released. When the determination is other than this (NO determination), the control unit 41A ends the flow and waits until the start of the next cycle.

  The operation of the above embodiment will be described. The predetermined pattern for releasing the operation restriction state of the component 44 includes a change in the electrical connection state of at least one of the component 44 and the other components as described above. The change in the electrical connection state is accompanied by human actions such as plugging / unplugging of the cable 38 and switch operation (operations other than the operation of the hand only), and thus is easily memorized by humans and is difficult to forget. In addition, since the input of the predetermined pattern is accompanied by a human action, it is possible to suppress the decoding by the random number input, and the crime prevention property is high.

(Modification)
The description regarding the said embodiment is an illustration of the form which the control apparatus 41 of the human-powered vehicle 10 according to this invention can take, and it does not intend restrict | limiting the form. The control device 41 of the human-powered vehicle 10 according to the present invention can take a form in which, for example, a modification of the above-described embodiment described below and at least two modifications not contradicting each other are combined. In the following modified examples, the same reference numerals as those in the embodiment are given to portions common to the embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted.

  In the seventh embodiment, the human-powered vehicle 10 may include a travel assist device (drive unit). In this case, the travel assistance device belongs to the component 44 according to the present embodiment. The control unit 41A operates the driving assist device when a predetermined pattern is input to the manpowered vehicle 10 within a predetermined time after the main power of the driving assist device is turned on in the operation limited state of the driving assist device. You may be comprised so that a restriction | limiting state may be cancelled | released.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Human-powered vehicle, 16 ... Transmission, 18 ... Braking device, 20 ... Suspension, 22 ... Adjustable seat post, 24 ... Operation device, 26 ... Lamp, 26 ... Lamp, 28 ... Speed sensor, 30 ... Cadence sensor, 32 ... Driving force sensor, 38 ... Cable, 40 ... Power storage system, 41 ... Control device, 41A ... Control unit, 42 ... Power storage device, 43 ... Notification device, 44 ... Component, 46 ... Additional component,

Claims (18)

The power storage device includes a control unit configured to control the notification device so as to notify the estimation information about the estimation limit at which power can be supplied to at least one component of the human-powered vehicle,
The at least one component is a control device excluding a driving assistance device.   The estimated information includes any one of a remaining driving distance capable of driving the at least one component, a remaining driving time capable of driving the at least one component, and a remaining number of driving times capable of driving the at least one component. The control device according to claim 1, comprising:   The control unit is configured to calculate at least one of the remaining driving distance and the remaining driving time as the estimation information based on the remaining amount information regarding the remaining amount of the power storage device and the usage history of the at least one component. The control device according to claim 2, wherein the notification device is controlled to notify.   The control unit reports at least one of the remaining driving distance and the remaining driving time as the estimation information based on the remaining amount information, the usage history, and deterioration information regarding the deterioration state of the power storage device. The control device according to claim 3, wherein the control device controls the notification device. The control unit, based on the remaining amount information, the usage history, and an operation time of an additional component different from the at least one component, includes at least the remaining drive distance and the remaining drive time as the estimated information. Controlling the notification device to notify any one of them,
The control device according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the additional component is configured to always consume predetermined power during operation.   The control unit is configured to notify the remaining number of driving times as the estimated information based on remaining amount information regarding a remaining amount of the power storage device and power consumption information regarding power consumption of the at least one component. The control device according to claim 2 which controls.   The said control part controls the said alerting | reporting apparatus to alert | report the said remaining drive frequency as the said estimation information based on the said residual amount information, the said power consumption information, and the degradation information regarding the degradation state of the said electrical storage apparatus. Item 7. The control device according to Item 6. The control unit notifies the remaining drive count as the estimated information based on the remaining amount information, the power consumption information, and an operation time of an additional component different from the at least one component. Control the device,
The control device according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the additional component is configured to always consume predetermined power during operation.   The control device according to claim 5 or 8, wherein the additional component includes at least one of a lamp, a speed sensor, a cadence sensor, and a driving force sensor.   The control device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the at least one component is selected from a transmission, a braking device, a suspension, an adjustable seat post, and an operating device. A control device according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
A power storage system comprising the power storage device.   The power storage system according to claim 11, wherein the power storage device includes at least one of a capacitor and a battery.   The power storage system according to claim 11 or 12, further comprising the notification device. A controller configured to release an operation restriction state of at least one component of the human-powered vehicle when a predetermined pattern is input to the human-powered vehicle;
The control device, wherein the predetermined pattern includes a change in at least one electrical connection state of the at least one component and another component different from the at least one component.   The control device according to claim 14, wherein the control unit is configured to change a state of the component to the operation restricted state when the at least one component satisfies a predetermined condition.   The control device according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the control unit is configured to receive change information and change the predetermined pattern based on the received change information.   The control device according to any one of claims 14 to 16, wherein the predetermined pattern includes a change in a connection state of a cable connected to the component, and a signal input change based on an operation on the other component. The control unit is configured to cancel the operation restriction state of the component when a predetermined pattern is input to the manpowered vehicle within a predetermined time after the main power source of the component is turned on. The control apparatus as described in any one of Claims 14-17.