JP2019029013A - Transaction system, provision terminal, use terminal, and node - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a transaction system for activating transactions of useful information.SOLUTION: In a distributed ledger, a plurality of pieces of distributed information as information including transaction information related to transactions of useful information provided by a provision terminal is stored in each of a plurality of nodes, and the plurality of pieces of distributed information stored in each node is respectively made the same at all the time. The distributed ledger performs transaction processing for the transactions of the useful information via the provision terminal or a use terminal (S205), and stores transaction information indicating the records of one or more transaction processing in each of the plurality of nodes (S210). On the other hand, the provision terminal executes the transaction processing related to the provision of the useful information. Also, the use terminal executes the transaction processing related to the use of the useful information via the distributed ledger.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 7

Description

  The present disclosure relates to a technique for storing information related to transactions performed at a providing terminal and a use terminal in a distributed ledger.

  There is known an information bank that intervenes between an information provider and an information user and manages information exchange between the two (for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

Hideki Sunahara, Masato Yamauchi, Hiroshi Kanasugi, Ryosuke Shibasaki, “Information Banking Concept and its Technical Issues”, Multimedia, Distributed, Collaboration and Mobile (DICOMO2014) Symposium, July 2014, p. 1024-1026

  However, there is a possibility that there is a malicious person inside the information bank, and the information transfer record is falsified. For this reason, an information provider and an information user cannot entrust management of information transfer to an information bank in comfort.

  Further, for example, information differs greatly from money or the like in that the purpose of use differs depending on the attribute or the value of the information is likely to fluctuate due to external factors. That is, the value of information is determined based on its attributes and the like, not a quantitative standard such as information size or entropy, and is considered to be fluid.

On the other hand, in Non-Patent Document 1, these points are not sufficiently taken into consideration, and it is not possible to sufficiently promote information transactions.
The present disclosure provides a technique for activating the trading of useful information.

  A transaction system according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes a plurality of terminals (3, 5) including one or a plurality of providing terminals (3) and one or a plurality of use terminals (5), and a distributed ledger (2). Have. The distributed ledger is composed of a plurality of nodes (6). The distributed ledger stores a plurality of distributed information (100) that is information including transaction information (103) related to a transaction of useful information provided from a providing terminal, and is stored in each of a plurality of nodes. The plurality of pieces of distributed information stored in the nodes are configured to be always the same.

  The distributed ledger includes a distributed ledger execution unit (S205, S320, S400, S500) and a distributed ledger storage unit (S210, S325, S405, S505). The distributed ledger execution unit is configured to communicate with a terminal via any of the nodes and perform transaction processing for the transaction via the terminal. The distributed ledger storage unit includes distributed transaction information indicating a record of one or more transaction processes performed by the distributed ledger execution unit, and unique information generated based on the other distributed information generated immediately before. Information is newly generated, and the distributed information is stored in each of the plurality of nodes.

  The providing terminal includes a providing terminal communication unit (33) and a providing terminal execution unit (S205, S500). The providing terminal communication unit is configured to communicate with the node. The providing terminal execution unit communicates with the node via the providing terminal communication unit, and is configured to execute transaction processing related to provision of useful information via the distributed ledger.

  Moreover, a utilization terminal is provided with a utilization terminal communication part (53) and a utilization terminal execution part (S320, S400, S500). The use terminal communication unit is configured to communicate with the node. In addition, the utilization terminal execution unit is configured to communicate with the node via the utilization terminal communication unit and execute transaction processing related to the use of useful information via the distributed ledger.

  According to such a structure, the record of the transaction process performed via the terminal and the distributed ledger for the transaction of useful information is stored in the distributed ledger as the transaction information. In the distributed ledger, a plurality of shared information including transaction information is stored in each node, and the plurality of shared information stored in each node is always the same. Furthermore, the distributed information stored in each node includes unique information generated based on the distributed information generated immediately before the distributed information. For this reason, it is extremely difficult to falsify a plurality of shared information stored in the distributed ledger, and the reliability of transaction information included in the plurality of shared information can be ensured.

  That is, it is possible to accurately leave a record of actions in the transaction of useful information and a record of intention shown in the transaction in the distributed ledger. For this reason, for example, even if the value of useful information fluctuates, it is possible to prevent the person who performs the transaction from suffering unexpected disadvantages. Therefore, the transaction of useful information can be performed with peace of mind, and the transaction of useful information can be activated.

  One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a providing terminal in the transaction system described above. Moreover, one side of this indication is related with the utilization terminal in the transaction system mentioned above. The same effect can be obtained by using the distributed ledger together with such a providing terminal and a use terminal.

  Moreover, one side of this indication is related with the node (6) which is one of the several nodes which comprise the distributed ledger (2) in the transaction system mentioned above. The distributed ledger is included in the transaction system (1) together with a plurality of terminals (3, 5) including one or more providing terminals (3) and one or more use terminals (5). The distributed ledger stores a plurality of distributed information (100) that is information including transaction information (103) related to a transaction of useful information provided from a providing terminal, and is stored in each of a plurality of nodes. The plurality of pieces of distributed information stored in the nodes are configured to be always the same.

  The node includes a node communication unit (62), a node execution unit (S205, S320, S400, S500), a node storage unit (63), a node storage processing unit (S210, S325, S405, S505), Is provided.

  The node communication unit is configured to communicate with the terminal and other nodes. In addition, the node execution unit is configured to communicate with a terminal via the node communication unit and perform transaction processing for the transaction via the terminal. The node storage unit is configured to store distributed information. The node storage processing unit is configured to perform storage processing by communicating with other nodes via the node communication unit. The storage process includes transaction information indicating a record of one or more transaction processes performed at any node in the distributed ledger, and unique information generated based on other distributed information generated immediately before. This is a process for newly generating distributed information to be included and storing the distributed information in the node storage unit of each node.

  In addition, the usage terminal communicates with the node and executes transaction processing related to the use of useful information via the distributed ledger (S320, S400, S500). The providing terminal communicates with the node and executes transaction processing related to providing useful information via the distributed ledger (S205, S500).

The same effect can be obtained by combining such nodes to form a distributed ledger, and further using the distributed ledger together with such providing terminals and using terminals.
Note that the reference numerals in parentheses described in this column and in the claims indicate the correspondence with the specific means described in the embodiment described later as one aspect, and the technical scope of the present disclosure It is not limited.

It is a block diagram which shows the structure of a transaction system. It is a block diagram of ECU and a mobile provision terminal mounted in a vehicle. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of a provision terminal. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of a utilization terminal. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of a node. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the some shared information memorize | stored in each node of a distributed ledger. It is a sequence diagram about the transaction processing which provides useful information. It is a sequence diagram about the transaction processing regarding processing of useful information. It is a sequence diagram about the transaction processing which acquires useful information. It is a sequence diagram about the transaction process which presents the transaction conditions of useful information.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings.
[1. Constitution]
The transaction system 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a plurality of terminals 3 and 5 and a plurality of nodes 6. The transaction system 1 is a system for storing information (hereinafter referred to as transaction information) related to transaction of useful information that is performed between a plurality of terminals and accompanied by exchange of consideration in the distributed ledger 2. The distributed ledger 2 is a system composed of a plurality of nodes 6. The number of nodes 6 is preferably 3 or more. Each node 6 is preferably managed by a different person. Specific examples of useful information will be described later.

  The transaction system 1 includes, as a plurality of terminals, one or a plurality of providing terminals 3 that provide useful information and one or a plurality of use terminals 5 that use the useful information. One terminal may be configured as the providing terminal 3 and the use terminal 5. The useful information is provided directly or indirectly from the providing terminal 3 to the use terminal 5. Then, a record of one or a plurality of processes (hereinafter referred to as transaction processes) performed via the terminal and the distributed ledger 2 in connection with the transaction of useful information is stored in the distributed ledger 2 as transaction information.

  Further, at least a part of the plurality of terminals may be configured as the management terminal 4. The management terminal 4 may access the node 6 of the distributed ledger 2 in accordance with an instruction from the administrator and perform processing for operating the transaction system 1. Note that the processing may be performed by the administrator operating the node 6 without providing the management terminal 4.

  Further, the terminal may be, for example, a PC or a mobile terminal such as a smartphone. As shown in FIG. 2, at least some of the providing terminals 3 may be configured as a mobile providing terminal 3 mounted on a mobile. The moving body may be a vehicle 7 such as an automobile. The mobile body providing terminal 3 is configured as one of the ECUs of the vehicle 7 and is connected to an in-vehicle LAN 7a provided in the vehicle 7 together with one or more other ECUs 8 including one or more sensors 8a. . The mobile body providing terminal 3 can communicate with each ECU 8 via the in-vehicle LAN 7 a and can acquire various information from each ECU 8. The mobile providing terminal 3 may have a function as an existing ECU such as a navigation device. Hereinafter, the mobile provision terminal 3 and the ECU 8 are collectively referred to as an ECU. Further, the user of the mobile body providing terminal 3 may be, for example, the owner of the vehicle 7 on which the mobile body providing terminal 3 is mounted, or may be a supplier that lends the vehicle 7.

Next, the configuration of the providing terminal 3 will be described with reference to FIG. The providing terminal 3 includes a control unit 30, a user I / F 31, a storage unit 32, a first communication unit 33, and a second communication unit 34.
The control unit 30 is configured around a known computer having a CPU and a semiconductor memory. Each function of the providing terminal 3 is realized by the CPU executing the program stored in the semiconductor memory. The method for realizing the function of the providing terminal 3 is not limited to software, and part or all of the function may be realized by hardware.

  The user I / F 31 includes an operation unit that receives an operation from the user, and a notification unit that notifies the user of various types of information. Note that the operation unit may be configured with, for example, a touch panel, a plurality of buttons, a keyboard, or a pointing device. Moreover, the structure which alert | reports information via an image with a display may be sufficient as an alerting | reporting part, for example.

The storage unit 32 is a non-volatile storage medium that can be read and written, and may be, for example, an HDD or a flash memory.
The first communication unit 33 is a part that accesses the communication network by wireless communication or wired communication, and communicates with the node 6 or other terminals via the communication network. Note that the communication may be performed via the Internet or the like.

  The 2nd communication part 34 is a site | part which communicates with another apparatus. Specifically, for example, if the providing terminal 3 is configured as the mobile providing terminal 3, the second communication unit 34 may communicate with one or a plurality of ECUs 8 via the in-vehicle LAN 7a. . The providing terminal 3 may have a configuration without the second communication unit 34.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the use terminal 5 includes a control unit 50, a user I / F 51, a storage unit 52, a first communication unit 53, and a second communication unit 54 similar to those of the providing terminal 3. Have. In addition, the management terminal 4 has the same configuration as the providing terminal 3 and the usage terminal 5. For this reason, description of the utilization terminal 5 and the management terminal 4 is abbreviate | omitted.

On the other hand, the node 6 is configured as a PC, for example. As illustrated in FIG. 5, the node 6 includes a control unit 60, a user I / F 61, a communication unit 62, and a storage unit 63.
The control unit 60 is configured around a known computer having a CPU, a semiconductor memory, and the like. Each function of the node 6 is realized by the CPU executing the program stored in the semiconductor memory. Note that the method of realizing the function of the node 6 is not limited to software, and part or all of the function may be realized by hardware.

  The user I / F 61 includes an operation unit that receives an operation from the user, and a notification unit that notifies the user of various types of information. Note that the operation unit may be constituted by, for example, a keyboard or a pointing device. Moreover, the structure which alert | reports information via an image with a display may be sufficient as an alerting | reporting part, for example.

  The communication unit 62 is a part that accesses the communication network by wireless communication or wired communication and communicates with the node 6 and the terminal via the communication network. Note that the communication may be performed via the Internet or the like.

The storage unit 63 is a non-volatile storage medium that can be read and written, and may be, for example, an HDD or a flash memory.
[2. About distributed ledger]
The distributed ledger 2 can be operated by, for example, an operator of the transaction system 1, a manufacturer of the terminal, a manufacturer of a mobile body on which the mobile body providing terminal 3 is mounted, a user of useful information, or a communication company. Each of these persons may manage at least one node 6.

  Further, as described above, the distributed ledger 2 stores the transaction information in each node 6. Specifically, as illustrated in FIG. 6, a plurality of shared information 100 is stored in the storage unit 63 of each node 6, and each shared information 100 includes a time stamp 101, unique information 102, and Transaction information 103 is included. The distributed ledger 2 is configured such that the plurality of distributed information 100 stored in each node 6 is always the same.

  Each terminal communicates with one of the nodes 6 and executes the transaction processing described above via the distributed ledger 2. On the other hand, in the distributed ledger 2, when one or a plurality of transaction processes are executed via a terminal, the storage process is performed in each node 6 by performing communication between the nodes 6. The storage process is a process for causing each node 6 to store new distributed information 100 including the transaction information 103 indicating the record of the one or more transaction processes. In the storage process, the transaction information 103 is newly generated, and a time stamp 101 indicating the current date and time is generated. Then, the shared information 100 including the time stamp 101, the transaction information 103, and the unique information 102 is newly generated and stored in the storage unit 63 of each node 6. The unique information 102 is information uniquely generated based on the other distributed information 100 generated immediately before and stored in each node 6. Specifically, the unique information 102 may be a hash value generated from the other shared information 100, for example.

  More specifically, each node 6 of the distributed ledger 2 is implemented with a distributed consensus algorithm used in, for example, Ehterium or Hyperleger. In the storage process, the distributed information 100 is generated by the distributed consensus algorithm, and the distributed information 100 is stored in each node 6. Thereby, the identity and reliability of the plurality of shared information 100 stored in each node 6 are ensured.

  Specifically, for example, the node 6 that newly generates the distributed information 100 may be determined by a distributed consensus algorithm. Further, for example, when a consensus is formed as to whether or not the newly generated distributed information 100 is valid by a distributed consensus algorithm, and the consensus is formed, the distributed information 100 may be stored in each node 6. For example, when the distributed consensus algorithm in the block chain is executed, the distributed information 100 corresponds to a block.

  Hereinafter, storing new transaction information as the distributed information 100 in each node 6 by the storage process in the distributed ledger 2 is also referred to as registration. When the terminal executes a transaction process via the distributed ledger 2 in response to an instruction from the user, transaction information indicating a record of the transaction process is registered in the distributed ledger 2.

  Further, all or part of the transaction information registered in the distributed ledger 2 is notified to the terminal. Specifically, for example, the distributed ledger 2 may notify the terminal of transaction information directly. Further, for example, the node 6 may store the transaction information in a specific server, and the terminal may be notified of the transaction information by accessing the server. Further, for example, the transaction information may be notified to the terminal by accessing the node 6 of the distributed ledger 2 from the terminal. And a terminal may alert | report a provided transaction information to a user via user I / F31.

Further, all or a part of the processing in each node 6 of the distributed ledger 2 may be executed according to an operation from the administrator, or may be automatically executed regardless of the operation from the administrator. good.
[3. About transaction processing]
The providing terminal 3 performs the above-described transaction processing related to provision of useful information via the distributed ledger 2 in accordance with an instruction from the user. On the other hand, the use terminal 5 performs the above-described transaction processing related to the use of useful information via the distributed ledger 2 in accordance with an instruction from the user. The following can be considered as specific examples of transaction processing.

(1) Transaction processing for providing useful information (2) Transaction processing for processing useful information (3) Transaction processing for acquiring useful information (4) Transaction processing for presenting transaction conditions for useful information (5) Transaction for useful information Transaction Processing Related to Transfer of Consideration These transaction processing is executed while communicating between any node 6 of the distributed ledger 2 and the terminal, and the contents of the transaction processing are grasped by the distributed ledger 2. A record of transaction processing is registered in the distributed ledger 2 as transaction information. Specifically, for example, the intention shown in the transaction process and / or the action executed in connection with the transaction are registered as a record of the transaction process. In addition to the transaction processes (1) to (5) described above, various transaction processes may be performed. Below, the transaction processing of (1)-(5) is demonstrated.

(1) Transaction Processing for Providing Useful Information First, transaction processing for providing useful information from the providing terminal 3 will be described with reference to FIG.
In S200, the provision terminal 3 prepares provision of useful information according to the operation from the user. Specifically, the providing terminal 3 may generate useful information, for example. More specifically, the providing terminal 3 may generate useful information alone, for example. The providing terminal 3 may acquire information generated by another device such as the ECU 8 and generate useful information based on the information. The providing terminal 3 may acquire useful information from another device such as the ECU 8, for example.

  In S205, the providing terminal 3 performs a transaction process for providing useful information in accordance with an operation from the user. Specifically, the providing terminal 3 communicates with one of the nodes 6 in the distributed ledger 2 and notifies the node 6 of the provision of useful information. At this time, the provided useful information may be provided directly or indirectly from the providing terminal 3 to the distributed ledger 2. Specifically, for example, useful information may be indirectly provided by notifying acquisition information of useful information. The acquired information may be, for example, a link indicating a storage location of useful information, or may be meta information for specifying useful information stored in a specific storage location. In addition, useful information may be transmitted directly from the providing terminal 3 to the distributed ledger 2. Further, for example, at this time point, provision of useful information is not performed, and only an intention to provide useful information may be notified.

  On the other hand, in the distributed ledger 2, as the transaction process, the node 6 receives the notification and determines whether the provided useful information is appropriate. Specifically, for example, it may be determined whether or not the useful information satisfies a provision condition. The provision condition is a condition to be satisfied with useful information to be dealt with, although details will be described later. In other words, the provision condition is a condition that satisfies information to be traded as useful information. If the useful information is appropriate, provision of useful information is permitted. In the distributed ledger 2, storage processing is performed, and transaction processing records are registered as transaction information (S210). The record of the transaction processing here may be, for example, an indication that an intention to provide useful information is provided, an indication that useful information is provided from the providing terminal 3, and an offer It may be acquired information of useful information.

  At this time, as described above, the record of the transaction process is registered in the distributed ledger 2 as transaction information by the distributed consensus algorithm. As an example, the node 6 that has received the notification may generate shared information including transaction information indicating a record of transaction processing, and transmit the distributed information to all other nodes. Then, other nodes may verify the validity of the received distributed information. Specifically, for example, the other node may confirm whether or not the node from which the shared information is transmitted is a valid node, or confirm whether the unique information included in the shared information is correct. Also good. Then, when the validity of the received shared information is confirmed, the other nodes notify the transmission source node 6 that they agree, and the shared information is stored in the storage unit 63 as regular shared information. You may remember.

  Thereafter, each node 6 included in the distributed ledger 2 responds to the providing terminal 3 (S215), and notifies that the transaction processing record has been registered and whether or not provision of useful information has been permitted. The providing terminal 3 that has received the notification notifies the user of the content of the notification.

(2) Transaction processing regarding processing of useful information Next, transaction processing regarding processing of useful information will be described with reference to FIG. In the transaction process, the administrator processes the useful information provided by the user and sets the processed useful information from the distributed ledger 2.

  In S300, the management terminal 4 performs transaction processing for requesting the distributed ledger 2 to process useful information in accordance with an operation from the administrator. Specifically, the management terminal 4 communicates with any node 6 in the distributed ledger 2 and makes the request to the node 6.

  On the other hand, in the distributed ledger 2, the node 6 receives the request as transaction processing, and a series of transaction processing records is registered as transaction information (S305). Here, the record of transaction processing may be, for example, that useful information is provided to an administrator for processing.

  Thereafter, each node 6 included in the distributed ledger 2 responds to the management terminal 4 (S310), and provides useful information to be processed directly or indirectly to the management terminal 4 in the same manner as S205 described above. .

  In subsequent S315, the management terminal 4 acquires useful information and performs processing for processing the useful information in accordance with an operation from the administrator. And the management terminal 4 performs the transaction process which provides the useful information processed with respect to the distributed ledger 2 according to operation from a user (S320). Specifically, the management terminal 4 communicates with any one of the nodes 6 in the distributed ledger 2 and notifies the node 6 that the provision is performed. At this time, the provided useful information may be provided directly or indirectly from the management terminal 4 to the distributed ledger 2 in the same manner as in S205 described above.

  On the other hand, in the distributed ledger 2, the node 6 receives the notification as transaction processing, performs storage processing, and records a series of transaction processing as transaction information (S325). The record of transaction processing here may be, for example, provision of processed useful information from the management terminal 4 or may be acquired information of processed useful information.

  Thereafter, each node 6 included in the distributed ledger 2 responds to the management terminal 4 (S330), and notifies that provision of useful information after processing has been accepted. The management terminal 4 that has received the notification notifies the administrator of the content of the notification.

Note that the processing of S300 to S330 is not performed via the management terminal 4, but may be executed in the same way by directly operating one of the nodes 6 by the administrator.
(3) Transaction Processing for Obtaining Useful Information Next, transaction processing for obtaining useful information at the use terminal 5 will be described with reference to FIG.

  In S400, the utilization terminal 5 performs transaction processing for acquiring useful information in accordance with an operation from the user. Specifically, the usage terminal 5 communicates with any node 6 in the distributed ledger 2 and requests the node 6 to acquire useful information. The useful information may or may not be processed.

  On the other hand, in the distributed ledger 2, it is determined whether the node 6 receives the request as transaction processing and permits the acquisition of useful information. Specifically, for example, when payment is made from the use terminal 5, acquisition of useful information may be permitted, and the access right to the useful information may be granted to the use terminal 5. In the distributed ledger 2, storage processing is performed, and a series of transaction processing records is registered as transaction information (S405). The record of the transaction processing here may be, for example, that an intention to acquire useful information is indicated, or that provision of useful information to the use terminal 5 is permitted.

  Thereafter, each node 6 included in the distributed ledger 2 responds to the use terminal 5 (S410), and notifies whether or not the transaction processing record has been registered and whether or not acquisition of useful information has been permitted. The use terminal 5 that has received the notification notifies the user of the content of the notification. When the provision of useful information is permitted, the useful information may be provided from the distributed ledger 2 to the user terminal 5 directly or indirectly in the same manner as in S205 described above.

  In S415, the use terminal 5 acquires useful information and performs a process using the useful information. In addition, when useful information is indirectly provided by providing acquisition information of useful information, the use terminal 5 acquires the useful information based on the acquisition information.

(4) Transaction processing for presenting transaction conditions Next, transaction processing for presenting transaction conditions will be described with reference to FIG. The transaction conditions may be, for example, consideration paid for providing useful information, or consideration to be paid when obtaining useful information (hereinafter also referred to as consideration information). Further, the transaction conditions may be, for example, the provision conditions described above that the useful information should satisfy. Further, the transaction conditions can be presented from either the providing terminal 3 or the usage terminal 5. The transaction conditions can also be presented from an administrator via the management terminal 4.

  In S500, the terminal performs transaction processing for presenting transaction conditions in response to an operation from the user. The transaction condition is a condition related to transaction of useful information. Specifically, at least one of the transaction conditions may be, for example, a price paid to the user when the user provides useful information from the providing terminal 3, or the user may use the terminal The price paid by the user when the useful information is acquired in 5 may be used. Further, at least one of the transaction conditions may be, for example, a provision condition of useful information that the user desires to use. Specifically, the terminal communicates with one of the nodes 6 in the distributed ledger 2 and notifies the transaction conditions to the node 6 (in other words, the distributed ledger 2).

  On the other hand, in the distributed ledger 2, the node 6 receives the notification as transaction processing, performs storage processing, and records a series of transaction processing as transaction information (S505). The record of the transaction process here may be, for example, that the transaction condition is presented and the content of the transaction condition.

  Thereafter, in S510, one or a plurality of nodes 6 included in the distributed ledger 2 notifies the transaction conditions to the outside. Specifically, one or a plurality of nodes 6 may communicate with one or a plurality of terminals other than the terminal that presented the transaction conditions, for example, and notify the registered transaction conditions. This notification need not be actively performed from the distributed ledger 2, and may be performed in response to a request from the terminal. Specifically, for example, if the terminal periodically inquires the distributed ledger 2 about whether or not the transaction conditions have been changed, the distributed ledger 2 notifies the terminal of the transaction conditions as a response to the inquiry. You may do it. Further, the terminal may access the node 6 of the distributed ledger 2 and refer to the transaction conditions. In such a case, the distributed ledger 2 may not actively notify the terminal of the transaction conditions.

  The terminal that has received the notification notifies the user of the contents of the transaction conditions (S515). If the transaction condition is the provision condition, the terminal determines whether the terminal can provide useful information that satisfies the provision condition based on the notified provision condition (S520), and the determination result. May be notified to the user (S525). Specifically, the terminal may determine whether or not information satisfying the provision condition is stored in the storage unit, and the information satisfying the provision condition may be transmitted to another device via the second communication unit. It may be determined whether or not it can be acquired from. Note that these processes may be executed as a transaction process. When it is determined that useful information can be provided, the terminal may execute the transaction process for providing the useful information described above, and provide the useful information determined to be provided to the distributed ledger 2. .

  In addition to the transaction process described above, the transaction conditions may be presented in various transaction processes. Then, the transaction condition presented in the transaction process may be one of the records of the transaction process, and the record may be registered in the distributed ledger 2 as transaction information. Moreover, the case where the transaction conditions about specific useful information are registered into the distributed ledger 2 as transaction information is assumed. Even in such a case, various transaction processes including the transaction process described above are performed, and new transaction conditions for the useful information are registered in the distributed ledger 2 as transaction information. The transaction conditions of the useful information are updated. Thereby, the fluctuation | variation of transaction conditions, such as consideration information, etc. are recorded on the distributed ledger 2, ensuring high reliability. And the content of the updated transaction conditions is similarly notified to the user via the terminal.

(5) Transaction Processing Regarding Transfer of Consideration for Useful Information Transaction When the use terminal 5 is provided with useful information, the user of the use terminal 5 is paid. The consideration may be paid, for example, to the user of the providing terminal 3 that provided the useful information. Moreover, if useful information is processed, this consideration may be paid to the administrator who processed the useful information. In addition to this, for example, when the providing terminal 3 provides useful information, the user of the providing terminal 3 may be paid regardless of whether or not the useful information is used.

  The terminal and the distributed ledger 2 perform transaction processing for paying the consideration and transaction processing for receiving the consideration. Specifically, in the transaction processing, for example, the terminal may notify the distributed ledger 2 of payment or receipt of the consideration. The distributed ledger 2 may perform storage processing and register the transaction processing record as transaction information. The record of transaction processing here may be, for example, the occurrence of payment or receipt of consideration and the amount of the consideration.

  In addition to this, for example, the distributed ledger 2 may have a settlement function. In this case, in the transaction process, for example, the use terminal 5 may instruct the distributed ledger 2 to pay the price. Then, the distributed ledger 2 may perform settlement processing as transaction processing and register records such as settlement in the transaction processing as transaction information by storage processing. Further, for example, when the providing terminal 3 provides useful information, the distributed ledger 2 may perform a settlement process that pays a consideration to the user of the providing terminal 3 as a transaction process. Then, a record such as settlement may be registered in the distributed ledger as transaction information by the storage process. The settlement process may be performed, for example, by the distributed ledger 2 accessing a financial institution server, or may be performed using a virtual currency.

[4. About useful information]
The useful information provided from the providing terminal 3 is information that satisfies the provision conditions described above, and is information that can be a target of a transaction involving payment of a consideration. For example, information on a specific attribute obtained at a specific place at a specific time can be useful information. Note that the information attribute indicates, for example, the type of information such as an image or sound. The provision condition indicates, for example, such time, place, or attribute. In other words, the provision condition indicates the content of useful information that can be a target of the transaction. The provision condition is one of the transaction conditions described above, and is registered as transaction information in the distributed ledger 2.

  The useful information may include information (hereinafter, additional information) indicating that the useful information satisfies the provision conditions. Specifically, for example, when a captured image at a specific location at a specific time is the provision condition, information indicating the shooting time and the shooting location and the captured image may be traded as useful information.

  Here, the navigation device mounted on the vehicle can detect the current location with high accuracy by the map matching function or the like, and can accurately detect the time by GPS. In some cases, the vehicle is equipped with a camera that captures the outside of the vehicle. Moreover, the case where the navigation apparatus and ECU with a camera are mounted as ECU of the vehicle 7 in which the mobile body provision terminal 3 is mounted is assumed. In this case, the moving body providing terminal 3 has a high value of the captured image taken outside the vehicle photographed by the camera and the additional information indicating the exact photographing location and / or photographing time detected by the navigation device. It may be provided as useful information.

  Further, the providing terminal 3 may use information that can be used by the use terminal 5 by being processed as useful information. Specifically, for example, a captured image at a specific shooting location may be provided as useful information. And the map information produced | generated by processing this useful information may be produced | generated in the management terminal 4, for example, and this map information may be provided to the utilization terminal 5 as useful information. Also in this case, the captured image and the shooting information indicating the shooting location may be traded as useful information. In this case, for example, the administrator may process useful information at the management terminal 4 or the node 6. Moreover, the transaction conditions of useful information before processing may be registered in the distributed ledger 2 as transaction information by an administrator.

Below, the specific example of useful information is demonstrated.
(1) Useful information about an accident Useful information may be information about an accident, for example. In this case, the useful information may be, for example, a captured image or audio information generated around the accident site at the time of occurrence of the accident. Such useful information can be used as evidence of an accident, for example, by the police or an insurance company. The user may register provision conditions indicating such useful information and / or consideration information of such useful information in the distributed ledger 2 as transaction information.

  In addition to this, the useful information may be generated based on information detected by the mobile body providing terminal 3 or the ECU 8 mounted on the vehicle 7. Specifically, for example, information indicating a situation around the vehicle 7 existing around the accident site at the time of occurrence of the accident may be useful information. The surrounding situation may be, for example, the state of a signal, the number of vehicles and pedestrians outside the vehicle, the weather, or the state of a vehicle or pedestrian that has caused an accident. That is, the provision condition is a condition that is generated based on information detected by the mobile provision terminal 3 or ECU 8 mounted on the vehicle 7 existing around the site of the accident at the time of occurrence of the accident. Also good.

  That is, for example, captured images or audio information around the vehicle 7 may be useful information. In addition, for image and sound, recognition information of objects around the vehicle 7 obtained by a radar or the like mounted on the vehicle 7 as the sensor 8a may be useful information. The peripheral object may be, for example, a pedestrian and / or another vehicle.

  Further, for example, information indicating the behavior of the vehicle 7 detected by the sensor 8a of the vehicle 7 may be useful information. That is, for example, the position, speed or acceleration information of the vehicle 7, or rudder angle information may be used information. For example, driver monitor information that is a captured image of the driver of the vehicle 7 may be useful information.

  Moreover, the useful information mentioned above may have a certain value before the occurrence of an accident. Specifically, for example, when the useful information is a captured image from the road, it may be valuable because it is used for browsing on the Internet in a state associated with a map. And it is assumed that transaction information indicating transaction conditions such as consideration information for the useful information is registered in the distributed ledger 2 before the occurrence of the accident. In such a case, the user described above can update the consideration information of the useful information registered in the distributed ledger 2 by executing the transaction processing described above after the accident occurs. At this time, the demand for the useful information may increase due to the occurrence of an accident, and the value of the useful information may increase. Even in such a case, a change in the value of useful information is recorded in the distributed ledger 2 while ensuring high reliability. When the transaction conditions such as the consideration information registered in the distributed ledger 2 are updated, the updated transaction conditions are notified to the user via the terminal.

(2) Useful information regarding the function of the vehicle The useful information may be, for example, information regarding the usage status of the function of the vehicle 7. In other words, the provision condition may be a condition that the provision condition is information related to the usage status of the function provided in the vehicle 7. The function of the vehicle 7 may be a function related to the traveling of the vehicle 7 such as a function for selecting a traveling mode. Further, the function of the vehicle 7 may be, for example, a function provided in a navigation device that is the ECU 8 of the vehicle 7, an audio, an air conditioner, a seat adjustment device, or the like.

  Such useful information can be used as marketing information or the like by a user such as a vehicle or a manufacturer of vehicle parts. The user may register provision conditions indicating such useful information in the distributed ledger 2 as transaction information.

  The mobile providing terminal 3 may acquire operation information performed to use the above function via the in-vehicle LAN 7a, for example. And the mobile body provision terminal 3 may provide the history of this operation as useful information, for example. Moreover, the mobile body providing terminal 3 may grasp, for example, the usage frequency, usage method, or usage timing of each function based on the operation information. Then, the grasped content may be provided as useful information.

(3) Useful information regarding the environment outside the vehicle The useful information may be information indicating the environment around the vehicle 7 at a specific location or a specific location in a specific time zone, for example. In other words, the provision condition may be a condition indicating the environment around the vehicle 7. Specifically, the surrounding environment may be information on the weather such as the temperature, humidity, rainfall, or wind speed around the vehicle 7. Note that the rainfall amount may be detected based on, for example, the operating status of a wiper provided in the vehicle 7. The surrounding environment may be, for example, noise around the vehicle 7 or the concentration of pollutants in the air.

  Further, the useful information may be information indicating the environment around the vehicle 7 existing at the place where the disaster occurred at the time when the disaster occurred, for example. In other words, the provision condition may be a condition indicating such a surrounding environment. In this case, the surrounding environment may be, for example, the degree of shaking when an earthquake occurs, or the amount of rainfall when heavy rain occurs. In this case, a captured image inside the vehicle 7 may be provided as useful information.

(4) Useful information used for driving support Useful information may be road information used for driving support of a vehicle. In other words, the provision condition may be a condition that road information is used for driving support of the vehicle 7 on which the mobile body provision terminal 3 is mounted or other vehicles. The driving assistance may be, for example, automatic driving or route guidance by a navigation device. The driving assistance may be performed using map information, for example. In addition, the automatic driving means that all or part of the driving operation is automatically performed.

  Specifically, the road information may be a distance from point A to point B, for example. The distance may be calculated based on the speed of the vehicle 7 detected by the ECU 8 based on the vehicle speed signal. The road information may be, for example, the location and contents of road signs installed near the road, or the location and contents of road markings. Or it may be an installation place such as a footbridge. The road information may be information indicating a distribution of radio wave reception intensity used in a wireless communication system, for example.

  Such useful information can be used by a user such as a trader who provides a map for driving assistance. The user may register provision conditions indicating such useful information in the distributed ledger 2 as transaction information.

(5) Useful information regarding recognition results of objects outside the vehicle The ECU 8 of the vehicle 7 has a function of recognizing objects (for example, other vehicles or pedestrians) around the vehicle 7 using a sensor 8a such as a camera or a radar. May have. Moreover, in such ECU8, the case where recognition of an object fails or the case where an object was not able to be recognized with sufficient precision are assumed. Recognition information indicating the recognition result in such a case may be provided as useful information. In other words, the provision condition may be a condition that indicates a recognition result of an object existing around the vehicle 7 by the ECU 8.

  In such recognition processing, it is assumed that machine learning for improving recognition accuracy is performed. In such a case, teacher data obtained in the process of recognizing an object may be provided as useful information.

  Such useful information can be used by a user such as a manufacturer of the ECU 8. The user may register provision conditions indicating such useful information in the distributed ledger 2 as transaction information.

[5. effect]
According to the said embodiment, there exist the following effects.
(1) According to the transaction system 1, a record of transaction processing performed via the terminal and the distributed ledger 2 for the transaction of useful information is stored in the distributed ledger 2 as transaction information. In the distributed ledger 2, a plurality of shared information 100 including the transaction information 103 is stored in each node 6, and the plurality of distributed information 100 stored in each node 6 is always the same. Furthermore, the shared information 100 stored in each node 6 includes unique information 102 generated based on the shared information 100 generated immediately before the shared information 100. For this reason, falsification of the plurality of shared information 100 stored in the distributed ledger 2 is extremely difficult, and the reliability of the transaction information 103 included in the plurality of shared information 100 can be ensured.

  That is, a record of an action in a transaction of useful information and a record of an intention shown in the transaction can be accurately left in the distributed ledger 2. For this reason, for example, even if the value of useful information fluctuates, it is possible to prevent the person who performs the transaction from suffering unexpected disadvantages. Therefore, the transaction of useful information can be performed with peace of mind, and the transaction of useful information can be activated.

  (2) In addition, consideration paid for provision of useful information or compensation information to be paid when obtaining useful information is registered in the distributed ledger 2 as transaction information. For this reason, even if the value of useful information fluctuates, a record of the fluctuation can be left in the distributed ledger 2. Therefore, it becomes possible to ensure the fairness and transparency of the transaction.

[6. Other Embodiments]
As mentioned above, although embodiment of this indication was described, this indication is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, and can carry out various modifications.

  (1) In the above embodiment, for example, a transaction process may be performed by performing a process related to a transaction at one or a plurality of terminals without using the distributed ledger 2 and notifying the distributed ledger of the record of the process. good. Then, the transaction record may be registered in the distributed ledger 2.

  (2) In the above embodiment, a part of the providing terminal 3 is configured as the mobile providing terminal 3. However, it is good also as a structure which does not provide the mobile body provision terminal 3. FIG. The node 6 included in the distributed ledger 2 may be mounted on the vehicle. In this case, the node 6 may be configured integrally with the mobile providing terminal 3 mounted on the vehicle.

  (3) In the above embodiment, when transaction processing is performed by the terminal and the distributed ledger 2, the record of the transaction processing is registered in the distributed ledger 2 as transaction information. However, for example, transaction information indicating a record of these transaction processes may be registered in the distributed ledger 2 when a plurality of transaction processes are performed. Further, for example, when one or more transaction processes are performed over a certain period, the record of the one or more transaction processes may be registered in the distributed ledger 2.

  (4) A plurality of functions of one constituent element in the above embodiment may be realized by a plurality of constituent elements, or a single function of one constituent element may be realized by a plurality of constituent elements. . Further, a plurality of functions possessed by a plurality of constituent elements may be realized by one constituent element, or one function realized by a plurality of constituent elements may be realized by one constituent element. Moreover, you may abbreviate | omit a part of structure of the said embodiment. In addition, at least a part of the configuration of the above embodiment may be added to or replaced with the configuration of the other embodiment. In addition, all the aspects included in the technical idea specified from the wording described in the claims are embodiments of the present disclosure.

  (5) In addition to the transaction system 1 described above, a program for causing a computer to function as the transaction system 1, a non-transition actual recording medium such as a semiconductor memory in which the program is recorded, and processing executed by the transaction system 1 The present disclosure can also be realized in various forms such as a corresponding method.

[7. Correspondence with Claims]
The mobile body providing terminal 3 and the ECU 8 correspond to a mobile body device. In addition, the first communication unit 33 of the providing terminal 3 is the providing terminal communication unit or the terminal communication unit, the first communication unit 53 of the use terminal 5 is the use terminal communication unit or the terminal communication unit, and the communication unit 62 of the node 6 is the node. The storage unit 63 corresponds to the node storage unit.

  In addition, S205, S320, S400, and S500 of the transaction processing sequence correspond to the distributed ledger execution unit and node execution unit, and S210, S325, S405, and S505 correspond to the distributed ledger storage unit and node storage processing. S205 and S500 correspond to the providing terminal execution unit, S320, S400, and S500 correspond to the use terminal execution unit, S510 corresponds to the distributed ledger notification unit, and S515 the notification unit. It corresponds to. S500 and S520 correspond to a terminal execution unit.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Transaction system, 2 ... Distributed ledger, 3 ... Provision terminal, mobile provision terminal, 4 ... Management terminal, 5 ... Usage terminal, 6 ... Node, 7 ... Vehicle, 8 ... ECU, 30, 50, 60 ... Control part , 31, 51 ... user I / F, 33, 53 ... first communication unit, 62 ... communication unit, 63 ... storage unit, 100 ... distributed information, 102 ... unique information, 103 ... transaction information.

Claims (16)

In a transaction system (1) having a plurality of terminals (3, 5) including one or a plurality of providing terminals (3) and one or a plurality of use terminals (5), and a distributed ledger (2),
The distributed ledger is composed of a plurality of nodes (6), and a plurality of distributed information (100), which is information including transaction information (103) related to a transaction of useful information provided from the providing terminal, Each of the plurality of distributed information stored in each of the plurality of nodes and stored in each node is configured to be always the same,
The distributed ledger
A distributed ledger execution unit (S205, S320, S400, S500) configured to communicate with the terminal via any of the nodes and perform transaction processing for the transaction via the terminal;
The shared information including the transaction information indicating a record of one or a plurality of the transaction processes performed by the distributed ledger execution unit and unique information generated based on the other shared information generated immediately before is newly added. A distributed ledger storage unit (S210, S325, S405, S505) configured to store the distributed information in each of the plurality of nodes.
The providing terminal is:
A providing terminal communication unit (33) configured to communicate with the node;
A providing terminal execution unit (S205, S500) configured to communicate with the node via the providing terminal communication unit and to execute the transaction processing related to the provision of the useful information via the distributed ledger; With
The user terminal is
A user terminal communication unit (53) configured to communicate with the node;
A usage terminal execution unit (S320, S400, S500) configured to communicate with the node via the usage terminal communication unit and execute the transaction processing related to the use of the useful information via the distributed ledger. )When,
A trading system comprising: In the transaction system according to claim 1,
The distributed ledger is configured to store consideration information indicating consideration in the transaction as the transaction information,
The distributed ledger further comprises a distributed ledger notification unit (S510) configured to communicate with the terminal via any of the nodes and to notify the terminal of the consideration information,
The said terminal is further provided with the alerting | reporting part (S515) comprised so that a user might be notified of the said price information notified from the said distributed ledger. In the transaction system according to claim 1 or claim 2,
The terminal
A terminal communication unit (33, 53) configured to communicate with the node;
A terminal execution unit (S500) configured to execute the transaction process by communicating with the node via the terminal communication unit and notifying the distributed ledger of the transaction condition of the useful information; and ,
The transaction condition is a condition related to the transaction of the useful information,
The distributed ledger execution unit performs the transaction process for receiving the transaction conditions from the terminal (S500),
The distributed ledger storage unit generates the distributed information using the transaction conditions acquired by the distributed ledger executing unit as the transaction information (S505),
Trading system. In the transaction system according to claim 3,
The condition that the information to be traded as the useful information is satisfied is the provision condition,
At least one of the transaction conditions is the provision condition. In the transaction system according to claim 4,
Whether the terminal execution unit communicates with the node via the terminal communication unit, acquires the provision condition from the distributed ledger, and can provide the useful information satisfying the acquired provision condition from the terminal (S520)
Trading system. In the transaction system according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
At least a part of the plurality of terminals is configured as a mobile providing terminal (3) that is the providing terminal mounted on the mobile (7),
The said mobile body provision terminal is comprised so that the said useful information produced | generated based on the information which the mobile body apparatus (3, 8) mounted in the said mobile body detected may be provided. The transaction system according to claim 6,
The condition that the information to be traded as the useful information is satisfied is the provision condition,
The provision condition is a condition in which, at the time of occurrence of an accident, the provision condition is generated based on information detected by the mobile device mounted on the mobile body existing around the site of the accident. The transaction system according to claim 6,
The condition that the information to be traded as the useful information is satisfied is the provision condition,
The provision condition is a condition that information relating to a usage status of a function provided in the mobile object is a transaction system. The transaction system according to claim 6,
The condition that the information to be traded as the useful information is satisfied is the provision condition,
The provision condition is a condition indicating an environment around the mobile object. In the transaction system according to claim 9,
The provision condition is a condition that indicates a surrounding environment of the moving object existing at a place where the disaster occurs at the time when the disaster occurs. The transaction system according to claim 6,
The condition that the information to be traded as the useful information is satisfied is the provision condition,
The provision condition is a condition that road information is used for driving support in the mobile body or another mobile body. The transaction system according to claim 6,
The condition that the information to be traded as the useful information is satisfied is the provision condition,
The provision condition is a condition that the provision condition is information related to a recognition result of an object existing around the moving body by the moving body device. In a transaction system (1) having a plurality of terminals (3, 5) including one or a plurality of use terminals (5) and a distributed ledger (2), a providing terminal (3) used as the terminal,
The distributed ledger is composed of a plurality of nodes (6), and a plurality of distributed information (100), which is information including transaction information (103) related to a transaction of useful information provided from the providing terminal, Each of the plurality of distributed information stored in each of the plurality of nodes and stored in each node is configured to be always the same, and communicates with the terminal via any one of the nodes. And performing transaction processing for the transaction via the terminal, unique information generated based on the transaction information indicating a record of one or a plurality of the transaction processing and the other distributed information generated immediately before And newly storing the shared information including each of the plurality of nodes (S205, S210, S320, S325, S400, S405, S500, S505),
The utilization terminal communicates with the node, and executes the transaction processing related to utilization of the useful information via the distributed ledger (S320, S400, S500),
The providing terminal is:
A providing terminal communication unit (33) configured to communicate with the node;
A providing terminal execution unit (S205, S500) configured to communicate with the node via the providing terminal communication unit and to execute the transaction processing related to the provision of the useful information via the distributed ledger; ,
Providing terminal comprising: The providing terminal according to claim 13,
The providing terminal is configured as a mobile providing terminal (3) mounted on the moving body (7), and is generated based on information detected by the moving body device (3, 8) mounted on the moving body. A providing terminal configured to provide the useful information. In a transaction system (1) having a plurality of terminals (3, 5) including one or a plurality of providing terminals (3) and a distributed ledger (2), a use terminal (3) used as the terminal,
The distributed ledger is composed of a plurality of nodes (6), and a plurality of distributed information (100), which is information including transaction information (103) related to a transaction of useful information provided from the providing terminal, Each of the plurality of distributed information stored in each of the plurality of nodes and stored in each node is configured to be always the same, and communicates with the terminal via any one of the nodes. And performing transaction processing for the transaction via the terminal, unique information generated based on the transaction information indicating a record of one or a plurality of the transaction processing and the other distributed information generated immediately before And newly storing the shared information including each of the plurality of nodes (S205, S210, S320, S325, S400, S405, S500, S505),
The providing terminal communicates with the node, and executes the transaction process related to providing the useful information via the distributed ledger (S205, S500),
The user terminal is
A user terminal communication unit (53) configured to communicate with the node;
A usage terminal execution unit (S320, S400, S500) configured to communicate with the node via the usage terminal communication unit and execute the transaction processing related to the use of the useful information via the distributed ledger. )When,
Use terminal equipped with. A node (6) which is one of a plurality of nodes constituting the distributed ledger (2),
The distributed ledger is included in the transaction system (1), together with a plurality of terminals (3, 5) including one or more providing terminals (3) and one or more use terminals (5),
In the distributed ledger, a plurality of distributed information (100) that is information including transaction information (103) related to a transaction of useful information provided from the providing terminal is stored in each of the plurality of nodes, and Each of the plurality of distributed information stored in each node is configured to be always the same,
The node is
A node communication unit (62) configured to communicate with the terminal and the other nodes;
A node execution unit (S205, S320, S400, S500) configured to communicate with the terminal via the node communication unit and to perform transaction processing for the transaction via the terminal;
A node storage unit (63) configured to store the distributed information;
A node storage processing unit (S210, S325, S405, S505) configured to perform a storage process by communicating with the other nodes via the node communication unit,
The storage process is generated based on the transaction information indicating a record of one or more of the transaction processes performed at any of the nodes in the distributed ledger and the other distributed information generated immediately before A process for newly generating the shared information including unique information and storing the shared information in the node storage unit of each of the nodes;
The utilization terminal communicates with the node, and executes the transaction processing related to utilization of the useful information via the distributed ledger (S320, S400, S500),
The providing terminal communicates with the node and executes the transaction process related to providing the useful information via the distributed ledger (S205, S500),
node.

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