JP2017057043A - Article management system, article management device, article management method and article management program - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To properly manage the quality of an article in a distribution process.SOLUTION: An article management system includes means for receiving first identification information for identifying an article in a distribution stage, a time when the article is moved, and second identification information for identifying a space where the article is placed, means for calculating environment history information of the article from environment information of an environment information acquisition device related to the first identification information and the second identification information and the time, and means for determining the quality of the article from he environment history information and quality determination reference of the article.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an article management system, an article management apparatus, an article management method, and an article management program.

  It is important that the quality of articles such as pharmaceuticals is maintained appropriately. In general, the quality of an article is properly controlled within the manufacturer, and after the article reaches the end consumer, it must be left to the consumer. It is important to manage quality in the distribution (logistics) process from shipment to delivery to consumers.

  For example, as a quality management in the distribution process, the temperature of the environment where the article is placed is monitored, and the temperature management is required until it is delivered to the customer. Such quality management makes it possible to prescribe only non-defective products whose quality is ensured or return them to the sales inventory when returning goods.

  Conventionally, in medicines, temperature data is collected when stored in a warehouse or during transportation, but the temperature data is managed separately. Therefore, in order to seamlessly manage the temperature data in the entire distribution process, it is necessary to link the temperature data in time series.

  On the other hand, when the tag of the product is recognized by the reader during the process, the temperature measurement device around the tag is instructed to acquire the temperature and recorded in the center so that the temperature history of the tagged item can be understood. Techniques are disclosed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  In addition, for the article with the tag attached, the time is added to the tag when the process goes in and out, the measured temperature around the reader is recorded in the server, and the tag information is read later, so that the temperature history can be understood. (See, for example, Patent Document 2).

  In addition, a technique is disclosed in which a temperature history is known by moving the temperature monitoring means into a return box containing deliverables to a store and reading the information later (for example, Patent Documents). See 3 etc.).

  The above-described method of connecting temperature data separately managed in the warehouse and during transportation in time series cannot be easily performed for articles such as pharmaceuticals. In other words, when a lot unit shipped from a factory is unpacked and divided into small parts and distributed to different locations, or when mixed with different items, the unit of management at each stage of distribution. Is different from the original lot, and the article cannot be specified by the original lot. In this regard, the above-mentioned prior art documents do not consider lot subdivision or mixing with different articles, and are not helpful. As a result, it is difficult to seamlessly manage the temperature data in the distribution process of the article, and the quality of the article cannot be sufficiently managed.

  In addition, it is not realistic from the cost aspect to increase the number of tags for each lot subdivision or tag each pharmaceutical product, and a method for managing temperature data in the distribution process without increasing the number of tags as much as possible is required. ing.

  In addition, although the example of the temperature data in a pharmaceutical was demonstrated centering, it has the same problem also about environmental information including other humidity data, illumination data, acceleration (vibration) data, etc. also about articles other than a pharmaceutical.

  The present invention has been proposed in view of the above-described conventional problems, and an object of the present invention is to appropriately manage the quality of articles in the distribution process.

  In order to solve the above problems, in the present invention, first identification information for identifying an article in a distribution stage, a time when the article has moved, and a second for identifying a space in which the article has been placed. The environmental history information of the article is calculated from the means for receiving the identification information, the environmental information of the environmental information acquisition device associated with the first identification information, the second identification information, and the time. Means and means for judging the quality of the article from the environmental history information and the quality judgment criteria for the article.

  In the present invention, the quality of articles in the distribution process can be appropriately managed.

It is a figure which shows the structural example of the article | item management system concerning one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structural example of a temperature measuring device. It is a figure which shows the structural example of a data logger. It is a figure which shows the structural example of a communication module. It is a figure which shows the software structural example of an article | item management apparatus. It is FIG. (1) which shows the example of a data structure of various DB. It is FIG. (2) which shows the example of a data structure of various DB. It is a figure which shows the hardware structural example of an article | item management apparatus. It is a figure which shows the software structural example of a terminal. It is a figure which shows the hardware structural example of a terminal. It is a figure (the 1) which shows the example of distribution of a pharmaceutical. It is a figure (the 2) which shows the example of distribution of a pharmaceutical. It is a figure (the 3) which shows the example of distribution of a pharmaceutical. It is a sequence diagram (the 1) which shows the process example of embodiment. It is a sequence diagram (the 2) which shows the process example of embodiment. It is a sequence diagram (the 3) which shows the process example of embodiment. It is FIG. (1) which shows the example of the data updated or referred in the process of processing. It is FIG. (2) which shows the example of the data updated or referred in the process of processing. FIG. 10 is a third diagram illustrating an example of data that is updated or referred to in the course of processing; It is FIG. (4) which shows the example of the data updated or referred in the process of processing. It is FIG. (5) which shows the example of the data updated or referred in the process of processing. It is FIG. (6) which shows the example of the data updated or referred in the process of processing. It is FIG. (7) which shows the example of the data updated or referred in the process of processing. It is FIG. (8) which shows the example of the data updated or referred in the process of processing. It is FIG. (9) which shows the example of the data updated or referred in the process of processing. It is a figure which shows the example which specifies articles | goods by a manufacture number. It is a figure which shows the example of acceleration information.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described. In addition, although distribution of pharmaceuticals will be described as an example, it can be similarly applied to articles other than pharmaceuticals. Although the case of collecting temperature data will be described as an example, it can be similarly applied to environmental information including other humidity data, illuminance data, acceleration (vibration) data, and the like.

<Configuration>
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of an article management system according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, the article management system includes a terminal 10 operated by each person in charge in the article distribution process, a temperature measuring device 20 disposed in a place (space) where the article is stored, and an article management apparatus (server apparatus). 40 are connected via a network 30. The terminal 10 includes a fixed type and a portable type, and those suitable for the environment in which the operation is performed are used.

  The temperature measuring device 20 measures the temperature of the place showing the highest temperature and the place showing the lowest temperature of the space (container, pallet, article shelf, return box, etc.) in which the article is stored. A total of two temperature measuring devices 20, one each at the place showing the highest temperature and the place showing the lowest temperature in one space, are arranged. A1-1 and A1-2 in the figure show two temperature measuring devices arranged in the space in the container, B1-1 and B1-2 show two temperature measuring devices arranged on the pallet, and C1 -1, C1-2 and C2-1, C2-2 and E1, and E2 respectively indicate two temperature measuring devices arranged on the article shelf. The place where the temperature measuring device is arranged is determined in advance in the target space, the place showing the highest temperature and the place showing the lowest temperature are determined, and the temperature measuring device is arranged in those places. . In addition, although the example which measures the temperature of two places using two temperature measuring devices was shown above, it is good also as a structure which measures the temperature of two or more places with one temperature measuring device.

  Further, when the space is small, one temperature measuring device 20 can be provided. In this case, the temperature distribution in the space is taken in advance, the temperature difference between the place showing the highest temperature and the place showing the lowest temperature from the place where the temperature measuring device 20 is attached is acquired and actually measured. From the temperature, the temperature of the place showing the highest temperature and the temperature of the place showing the lowest temperature are obtained. D1 of illustration has shown one temperature measuring device arrange | positioned at a return box.

  As will be described below, the temperature measuring device 20 is connectable to a data logger that measures temperature and records temperature data, and a communication module that wirelessly transmits the temperature data to the outside. Therefore, when the data logger and the communication module are connected, in an environment where radio waves pass, temperature data is transmitted to the outside alone (either when receiving a transmission instruction from the outside or when transmitting by itself) )can do. Since temperature data cannot be transmitted in an environment where radio waves such as containers are shielded, it is assumed that a data logger is used alone without connecting a communication module. Among the temperature measuring devices 20 shown in the figure, A1-1, A1-2, and D1 themselves do not transmit temperature data, but read temperature data by connecting to the terminal 10, and from the terminal 10 via the network 30 The temperature data is transmitted to the article management device 40.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the temperature measuring device 20, and a data logger 21 that measures temperature and records temperature data and a communication module 22 that wirelessly transmits the temperature data to the outside include a USB (Universal Serial Bus). It can be connected with a connector.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the data logger 21. In addition, here, what can measure humidity and acceleration in addition to temperature is shown. Further, the illuminance may be measured. In FIG. 3, the data logger 21 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 21a for control functions, a ROM (Read Only Memory) 21b, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 21c, and a storage unit (flash memory or the like) 21d. . Further, the data logger 21 includes a display unit 21e and an input unit 21f for a user interface. The data logger 21 also includes a time acquisition unit 21g for data acquisition, a temperature acquisition unit 21h, a humidity acquisition unit 21i, an acceleration acquisition unit 21j, and an external I / F (for connection with the communication module 22 and the terminal 10). Interface) 21k. There are also data loggers that have a function of communicating with the outside by wire or wirelessly. In that case, communication with the outside can be performed without connecting to the communication module.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the communication module 22. In FIG. 4, the communication module 22 includes a CPU 22a, a ROM 22b, a RAM 22c, a storage unit 22d for a control function, a display unit 22e, and an input unit 22f for a user interface. The communication module 22 includes a time acquisition unit 22g for data acquisition, a position information acquisition unit (GPS (Global Positioning System) 22h), an external I / F 22i for connection to the data logger 21, and wireless communication. And a wireless communication unit 22j for network connection.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a software configuration example of the article management apparatus 40. In FIG. 5, the article management apparatus 40 includes a communication unit 41 and a management unit 42. The communication unit 41 has a function of performing data communication with an external device via the network 30. The management unit 42 has a function of managing slip information such as ordering and delivery of articles and managing temperature data of articles. The management unit 42 also has a function of determining whether the quality of the article is good or not based on the temperature data when the article is returned.

  In addition, the management unit 42 includes an article identification information management unit 421, an article movement time management unit 422, an article storage space information management unit 423, an environment history information calculation unit 424, and an article quality determination unit 425. The article identification information management unit 421 has a function of receiving identification information for identifying an article in the distribution stage and managing it in association with various information. The article movement time management unit 422 has a function of receiving the time when the article moves and managing it in association with various information. The article storage space information management unit 423 has a function of receiving identification information for identifying a space in which an article is placed and managing it in association with various information. The environmental history information calculation unit 424 determines the environmental history of the article from the environmental information of the temperature measuring device (environment information acquisition apparatus) linked to the identification information for identifying the space where the article is placed and the time when the article moves. It has a function to calculate information. The article quality judgment unit 425 has a function of judging the quality of the article from the environmental history information and the article judgment criteria.

  The article management device 40 includes a temperature measuring device location information DB (Database) 43, an article storage information DB 44, a slip information DB 45, an article management information DB 46, and a temperature information DB 47 that are referred to and updated during processing. In addition, although the form which contains DB43-47 in the article | item management apparatus 40 was shown in figure, you may arrange | position DB43-47 in another database server.

  FIG. 6A shows an example of the structure of the temperature measuring device location information DB 43, which includes temperature measuring device location information and article location information. These pieces of information are registered in the temperature measuring device location information DB 43 by an operation from the terminal 10. In addition, since a place changes for every transport about a transport vehicle and a returnable box, it registers using the terminal 10 at the time of transport.

  The temperature measuring device location information holds the relationship between the equipment in which articles are stored (transportation vehicles, pallets, article shelves, returnable boxes, etc.) and the temperature measuring device 20, and includes “equipment number” “mode” “device ( “High”, “Device (low)”, “Temperature difference (high)”, “Temperature difference (low)”. The “facility number” is information for identifying the facility corresponding to the place. “Mode” indicates a temperature acquisition method of the temperature measuring device 20, and “1” is set when the temperature is set in two places, a place showing the highest temperature and a place showing the lowest temperature in the space of the facility. When it is arranged at one place, it is “2”. “Apparatus (high)” is information for identifying a temperature measuring device 20 (one temperature measuring device 20 arranged in the case of mode “2”) arranged at a place showing the highest temperature. “Apparatus (low)” is information for identifying the temperature measuring device 20 (blank in the case of mode “2”) arranged at the place showing the lowest temperature. “Temperature difference (high)” is information indicating a temperature difference between a place where the temperature measuring device 20 is arranged and a place showing the highest temperature in the mode “2”. “Temperature difference (low)” is information indicating a temperature difference between a place where the temperature measuring device 20 is arranged and a place showing the lowest temperature in the mode “2”.

  The article location information holds the relationship between articles and article shelves, and includes items such as “article number”, “article shelf 1”, “article shelf 2”, and “article shelf 3”. “Article number” is information for identifying an article. “Article shelf 1” to “Article shelf 2” indicate whether or not the article specified by the “article number” is stored in the corresponding article shelf (in the case of being stored, it is indicated by “◯” in the figure). It is information to show.

  FIG. 6B shows an example of the structure of the article storage information DB 44 and includes article storage information. The article storage information holds conditions that are permitted as the quality of the article does not deteriorate. In the case of conditions based on temperature, when storing an article such as a pharmaceutical product, it indicates that the quality of the article is guaranteed if the article is stored within a specified temperature range. Even if the temperature range is exceeded, the quality is not affected if the time is short, so an allowable time is also defined. Therefore, when determining the quality of the article later, it is possible to determine the quality of the article and whether it can be returned by comparing the storage environment history of the article with the article storage information. The article storage information is registered in the article storage information DB 44 by an operation from the terminal 10. Note that the article storage information may be unified for all articles, or the article storage information may be prepared for each article in advance and used in association with the article number or the manufacturing number.

  The article storage information includes items such as “article number”, “lower limit value”, “upper limit value”, and “allowable time”. “Article number” is information for identifying an article. The “lower limit value” is information indicating the lower limit of the allowable temperature range. The “upper limit value” is information indicating the upper limit of the allowable temperature range. The “allowable time” is information indicating the allowable time even when the temperature range indicated by the “lower limit value” and the “upper limit value” deviates.

  Fig.7 (a) has shown the structural example of slip information DB45, and contains pharmaceutical wholesale order information, delivery guidance information, and dispensing pharmacy order information. These pieces of information are registered in the slip information DB 45 by an operation from the terminal 10.

  The pharmaceutical wholesale order information includes items such as “slip number”, “article number”, “quantity”, “orderer”, “destination”, and “shipping date”. The “slip number” is information for identifying an order slip. The “article number” is information for identifying an article to be ordered. “Quantity” is information indicating the number of articles to be ordered. “Orderer” is information for identifying a pharmaceutical wholesaler that has placed an order. “Destination” is information indicating a destination to which an article is sent. “Shipment date” is information indicating a date on which an article is shipped.

  The delivery guide information includes items such as “product name”, “quantity”, “manufacturing number”, and “slip number”. “Product name” is information for identifying an article to be delivered. “Quantity” is information indicating the number of articles to be delivered. “Manufacturing number” is information indicating a manufacturing number (lot number or the like) of an article to be delivered. The “slip number” is information for identifying a slip of an order corresponding to delivery.

  Dispensing pharmacy order information includes "slip number", "article number", "quantity", "orderer", "shipping address", "shipping date", "delivery date", "dosage form", "standard unit", "packaging unit", "manufacturer name", etc. Have items. The “slip number” is information for identifying an order slip. The “article number” is information for identifying an article to be ordered. “Quantity” is information indicating the number of articles to be ordered. The “orderer” is information for identifying the dispensing pharmacy that made the order. “Destination” is information indicating a destination to which an article is sent. “Shipment date” is information indicating a date on which an article is shipped. “Delivery date” is information indicating the date of delivery. “Dosage form” is information indicating a dosage form in the case of a pharmaceutical product. “Standard unit” is information indicating a standard unit in the case of a pharmaceutical product. “Packaging unit” is information indicating a packaging unit in the case of a pharmaceutical product. The “maker name” is information indicating the manufacturer of the article.

  FIG. 7B shows an example of the structure of the article management information DB 46, which includes article management information. The article management information is registered in the article management information DB 46 by an operation from the terminal 10. The article management information includes items such as “slip number”, “article number”, “manufacturing number”, “facility number”, “shipping date / time”, “arrival date / time”, and “old slip number”. The “slip number” is information for identifying an order slip. The “article number” is information for identifying an article to be ordered. “Manufacturing number” is information indicating the manufacturing number of an article to be delivered according to an order. The “equipment number” is information for identifying equipment (location) where the article is stored (including storage during movement). “Shipment date and time” is information indicating the date and time when the article was shipped. “Arrival date and time” is information indicating the date and time when the article arrived. The “old slip number” is information for identifying a related previous slip for improving traceability.

  FIG. 7C shows a structure example of the temperature information DB 47 and includes temperature information. The temperature information is registered in the temperature information DB 47 directly from the temperature measuring device 20 or via the terminal 10. The temperature information includes items such as “acquisition date”, “temperature measuring device A1-1”, and “temperature measuring device A1-2”. The “acquisition date / time” is information indicating the date / time when the temperature data is acquired. “Temperature measuring device A1-1” and “Temperature measuring device A1-2” are information indicating the temperature acquired by the temperature measuring device.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a hardware configuration example of the article management apparatus 40. In FIG. 8, the article management apparatus 40 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 402, a ROM (Read Only Memory) 403, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 404, and an NVRAM (Non-Volatile Random Access Memory) connected to a system bus 401. 405. The article management apparatus 40 includes an I / F (Interface) 406, an I / O (Input / Output Device) 407, an HDD (Hard Disk Drive) / flash memory 408, and a NIC (Network) connected to the I / F 406. Interface Card) 409, a monitor 410 connected to the I / O 407, a keyboard 411, a mouse 412, and the like. A CD / DVD (Compact Disk / Digital Versatile Disk) drive or the like can be connected to the I / O 407.

  The functions of the article management apparatus 40 described in FIG. 5 are realized by executing a predetermined program in the CPU 402. The program may be acquired via a recording medium or may be acquired via a network.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a software configuration example of the terminal 10. In FIG. 9, the terminal 10 includes an information input unit 11, an information transmission / reception unit 12, a memory erasure command unit 13, a determination unit 14, an information display unit 15, a voice notification unit 16, and a position information acquisition unit 17. The information input unit 11 has a function of receiving manual input of information and bar code input from the user and inputting (acquiring) temperature data from the temperature measuring device 20 (data logger 21). The information transmission / reception unit 12 has a function of transmitting / receiving information to / from the data logger 21 and the article management device 40. For example, the condition setting of the data logger 21 received from the article management device 40 is sent to the data logger 21. Send and used for condition setting. In addition, the information transmission / reception unit 12 receives measurement data (environment information) from the data logger 21 and transmits the measurement data to the article management device 40, or the measurement data is completely stored in the article management device 40. Can be received as storage completion information. That is, the information transmitter / receiver 12 includes at least functions of a condition transmitter / receiver, an environment information transmitter / receiver, and a stored information receiver.

  The memory erasure command unit 13 has a function of outputting a command to erase the memory to the data logger 21 based on information from the article management device 40 (notification that collected data has been saved, etc.). The determination unit 14 has a function of determining whether there is an abnormality in the data output from the data logger 21 and whether there is data exceeding an upper limit temperature or a lower limit temperature described later. The information display unit 15 has a function of displaying information to the user. The voice notification unit 16 has a function of notifying the user with sound. The position information acquisition unit 17 has a function of acquiring the position information of the terminal 10. For example, when the determination unit 14 determines that an abnormality has occurred in the data during communication with the data logger 21, the information display unit 15 displays that a communication error has occurred, and further the voice notification unit 16 informs the user. It is good also as a setting to alert | report. As a result, the user can immediately recognize that a data abnormality has occurred.

  FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a hardware configuration example of the terminal 10. 10 shows a hardware configuration example of a portable terminal (smartphone, tablet, etc.), and a hardware configuration of a fixed terminal (desktop PC, notebook PC, etc.) is the same as that shown in FIG. become.

  In FIG. 10, the terminal 10 includes a power supply system 101, a main system 102 including a processor 103, a memory controller 104, and a peripheral interface 105, and a storage unit 106. The terminal 10 also includes an external port 107, a high frequency circuit 108, an antenna 109, an audio circuit 110, a speaker 111, a microphone 112, a proximity sensor 113, and a GPS (Global Positioning System) circuit 114. Yes. The terminal 10 includes an input / output (I / O) subsystem 115 including a display controller 116, an optical sensor controller 117, and an input controller 118, a touch-responsive display system 119, an optical sensor 120, and an input unit 121. It has.

  The functions of the terminal 10 described with reference to FIG. 9 are realized by executing a predetermined program in the processor 103. The program may be acquired via a recording medium or may be acquired via a network.

<Operation>
FIG. 11 to FIG. 13 are diagrams showing examples of distribution of pharmaceutical products, showing the physical distribution from the shipment of the pharmaceutical product A to the pharmacy from the factory shipment until it is stored in the pharmacy. That is, in FIG. 11, the article A is loaded from the pharmaceutical company 1 into the container of the transport vehicle 1 and transported to the pharmaceutical wholesale company 1. In addition, when the article A loaded in the container of the transport vehicle 1 is shipped from the pharmaceutical company 1, the place where the temperature measuring device A1-1 shows the lowest temperature in the place showing the highest temperature in the space in the container. The temperature measuring device A1-2 is arranged in the.

  When the transport vehicle 1 arrives at the pharmaceutical wholesale company 1, the article A is carried from the transport vehicle 1 into the pharmaceutical wholesale company 1 on a pallet basis. At this time, the temperature measuring device B1-1 is arranged at the highest temperature position of the pallet, and the temperature measuring device B1-2 is arranged at the lowest temperature position.

  In FIG. 12, in the pharmaceutical wholesale company 1, the article A is moved from the pallet to the article shelf 1 in the warehouse. A temperature measuring device C1-1 is arranged at a place showing the highest temperature of the article shelf 1, and a temperature measuring device C1-2 is arranged at a place showing the lowest temperature. Moreover, the temperature measuring device C2-1 is arrange | positioned in the place which shows the highest temperature of the goods shelf 2, and the temperature measuring device C2-2 is arrange | positioned in the place which shows the lowest temperature. And according to the order from a pharmacy, the article | item A is put into the return box 1 to which the temperature measuring device D1 was attached with other articles | goods.

  In FIG. 13, the returnable box 1 from the pharmaceutical wholesale company 1 is delivered to the dispensing pharmacy 1 by the transport vehicle 2, and is received at the dispensing pharmacy 1 and stored in a predetermined position in the article shelf 3. A temperature measuring device E1 is arranged at a place showing the highest temperature of the article shelf 3, and a temperature measuring device E2 is arranged at a place showing the lowest temperature.

  In addition, the inventory manager of the dispensing pharmacy 1 appropriately checks the inventory quantity, acquires past temperature information on the articles determined to be extra, and returns them to the pharmaceutical wholesale company 1.

  FIGS. 14 to 16 are sequence diagrams showing processing examples of the above embodiment. FIGS. 14 and 15 show that articles are delivered from the pharmaceutical company 1 to the dispensing pharmacy 1 via the pharmaceutical wholesale company 1 and stored. The process up to is shown.

[Sending from pharmaceutical company 1 to pharmaceutical wholesale company 1]
In FIG. 14, when the person in charge of the pharmaceutical wholesale company 1 transmits order information from the terminal operated by itself to the article management apparatus 40 (step S101), the article management apparatus 40 stores the order information in the slip information DB 45. (Step S102). The article management apparatus 40 transmits the order information to the terminal of the person in charge of shipping of the pharmaceutical company 1 (step S103). Note that when the person in charge of shipping of the pharmaceutical company 1 goes to confirm the order information to the article management apparatus 40 voluntarily, the article management apparatus 40 does not need to transmit the order information. In addition, the order person in charge of the pharmaceutical wholesale company 1 may directly send the order information to the person in charge of shipment in the pharmaceutical company 1 in parallel with the transmission of the order information to the article management apparatus 40. Further, when the order information is sent from the pharmaceutical wholesale company 1 to the pharmaceutical company 1 by FAX or the like, the order information can be separately registered in the slip information DB 45 in the pharmaceutical company 1 or the pharmaceutical wholesale company 1. . As the order information, for example, pharmaceutical wholesale order information when 15 articles A are ordered is as shown in FIG.

  Returning to FIG. 14, the shipping person in charge of the pharmaceutical company 1 arranges an article based on the order information from the pharmaceutical wholesale company 1, creates delivery guide information and transmits it to the article management apparatus 40 (step S <b> 104). The management device 40 stores the delivery guide information in the slip information DB 45 (step S105). The article management apparatus 40 transmits the delivery guide information to the terminal of the person in charge of receipt of the pharmaceutical wholesale company 1 (step S106). In the case of an operation in which the person in charge of the pharmaceutical wholesale company 1 voluntarily checks the delivery guidance information with the article management device 40, the article management device 40 may not transmit the delivery guidance information. Further, the shipping person in charge of the pharmaceutical company 1 may directly send the delivery information to the receiving person in charge of the pharmaceutical wholesale company 1 in parallel with the transmission of the delivery information to the article management device 40. Further, when the operation is to send by FAX or the like, the order information can be registered in the slip information DB 45 in the pharmaceutical wholesale company 1 or the pharmaceutical company 1 separately. FIG. 17B shows an example of delivery guide information stored in the slip information DB 45.

  Returning to FIG. 14, the shipper of the pharmaceutical company 1 inputs the slip number, the article number, and the transport vehicle number from the portable terminal when the article (with the delivery note) is carried out to the transport vehicle 1. The input time is added and transmitted to the article management apparatus 40 (step S107). The article management device 40 searches the article management information DB 46 for items that match the article number and the slip number, and if there is a match, adds the equipment number and the shipping date and time. If there is no match, a new article number, slip number, equipment number, and shipping date / time are added (step S108). In the present example, this corresponds to the case where there is no match, and an article number, a slip number, an equipment number, and a shipping date / time are newly added. FIG. 17C shows an example of the article management information added to the article management information DB 46.

  Returning to FIG. 14, the temperature measuring devices A <b> 1-1 and A <b> 1-2 arranged in the container of the transport vehicle 1 start operation by a button operation of the shipper at the time of shipping, and start recording temperature data (step S <b> 109). .

  After that, when the transport vehicle 1 arrives at the pharmaceutical wholesale company 1, the person in charge of the pharmaceutical wholesale company 1 receives a delivery note accompanying the article and a pre-acquired delivery guide (printed delivery guide information). ), The slip number, the article number, and the pallet number obtained by replacing the article A are input to the terminal operated by the terminal, and the terminal adds the input time and transmits it to the article management apparatus 40 (step S110). The article management device 40 searches the article management information DB 46 for the corresponding document, adds the arrival time to the latest document, copies the line, and writes the equipment number and the shipping date and time in the copied line. Then, the arrival time is deleted (step S111). FIG. 17D shows an example of article management information added to the article management information DB 46. In the above description, the search is performed using the slip number and the article number. However, there is no problem as long as the method can uniquely identify the article. For example, a slip number and a manufacturing number may be used. An example of specifying an article by a production number will be described later.

  Returning to FIG. 14, when the transport vehicle 1 arrives at the pharmaceutical wholesale company 1, the driver or the person in charge of the transport vehicle 1 uses the portable terminal operated by itself to measure the temperature measuring device A <b> 1-1, Temperature data A1-2 is acquired (steps S112 and S113) and transmitted to the article management apparatus 40 (steps S114 and S115). The article management apparatus 40 stores the received temperature data in the temperature information DB 47 as temperature information (step S116). In addition, when the reception person performs acquisition of temperature data, you may transmit temperature data (step S115) simultaneously with transmission of a slip number etc. (step S110). FIG. 18A shows an example of temperature information stored in the temperature information DB 47.

  Returning to FIG. 14, the person in charge of the pharmaceutical wholesale company 1 moves the pallet 1 to the goods shelf 1, places the goods on the goods shelf 1, and uses a portable terminal operated by him / her to change the slip number, the article number, and the shelf number. The terminal adds the input time and transmits it to the article management apparatus 40 (step S117). The article management device 40 searches the article management information DB 46 for the corresponding document, adds the arrival time to the latest document, copies the line, and writes the equipment number and the shipping date and time in the copied line. Then, the arrival time is deleted (step S118). FIG. 18B shows an example of article management information added to the article management information DB 46.

  Returning to FIG. 14, the temperature measuring devices B1-1 and B1-2 arranged on the pallet 1 and the temperature measuring devices C1-1 and C1-2 arranged on the article shelf 1 are managed by their own communication functions. The temperature data is periodically transmitted to the article management apparatus 40 based on the transmission instruction from the apparatus 40 (steps S119 and S121), and the article management apparatus 40 stores the temperature information in the temperature information DB 47 (steps S120 and S122). . FIG. 19A shows an example of temperature information from the temperature measuring devices B1-1 and B1-2. Here, the temperature of 15:22 to 15:36 rises because the pallet 1 was once outside the warehouse. FIG. 19B shows an example of temperature information from the temperature measuring devices C1-1 and C1-2 and the temperature measuring devices C2-1 and C2-2.

[Sending from Pharmaceutical Wholesaler 1 to Dispensing Pharmacy 1]
In FIG. 15, when the person in charge of the dispensing pharmacy 1 transmits order information from the terminal operated by itself to the article management apparatus 40 (step S123), the article management apparatus 40 stores the order information in the slip information DB 45. (Step S124). The article management apparatus 40 transmits the order information to the terminal of the person in charge of shipping of the pharmaceutical wholesale company 1 (step S125). Note that when the person in charge of shipping of the pharmaceutical wholesale company 1 goes to confirm the order information to the article management apparatus 40 voluntarily, the article management apparatus 40 may not transmit the order information. Further, the person in charge of the dispensing pharmacy 1 may directly send the order information to the person in charge of shipping of the pharmaceutical wholesale company 1 in parallel with the transmission of the order information to the article management apparatus 40. Further, in the case of an operation of sending by FAX or the like, order information can be registered in the slip information DB 45 separately in the dispensing pharmacy 1 or the pharmaceutical wholesale company 1. FIG. 20A shows an example of dispensing pharmacy order information stored in the slip information DB 45, which is an example in which multiple types of articles are ordered with one slip.

  Returning to FIG. 15, the shipping person in charge of the pharmaceutical wholesale company 1 takes out the article from the article shelf for each slip, inputs the article number and the return box number using the terminal operated by the terminal, and the terminal adds the input time. To the article management apparatus 40 (step S126). For example, the barcode of the slip is read by the terminal, the article described in the slip is taken, the barcode of the article is read by the terminal, the barcode of the returnable box is read by the terminal, and transmitted to the article management apparatus 40 together with the acquisition date and time. . The acquired article is put in a selected return box. The ID of the returnable box (the returnable box number) is displayed on the display unit of the temperature measuring device, so that the returnable box and the temperature measuring device 20 can be easily linked.

  When the article management device 40 receives the shipping information from the terminal of the person in charge of shipping of the pharmaceutical wholesale company 1, it adds the information to the article management information DB 46 (step S127). For example, according to the slip number Y0001 of FIG. 20A, an example of the article management information in the article management information DB 46 when one article A, one article D, and two articles G are put in the return box 1. Is shown in FIG. In addition, in order to ensure traceability based on the slip number from the pharmacy, it is necessary to link it with the past slip number. As a method, the latest slip number is determined from the manufacturing number and the extracted equipment number. It is described as.

  Returning to FIG. 15, the temperature measuring device D1 arranged in the return box 1 starts operation by a button operation or the like at the time of shipment, and starts recording temperature data (step S128).

  Thereafter, when the returnable box 1 arrives at the dispensing pharmacy 1 by the transport vehicle 2 from the pharmaceutical wholesale company 1, the person in charge of the dispensing pharmacy 1 checks the goods and slips in the returnable box 1, signs the slip, After entering the slip number, the ID of the returnable box is read by a barcode reader or the like, temperature data is acquired from the temperature measuring device D1 of the returnable box 1 (step S129), and transmitted to the article management apparatus 40 together with the acquisition time. (Step S130). The article management device 40 extracts items having the same slip number and return box number from the article management information DB 46, adds the arrival time to the article management information in the article management information DB 46, and stores the temperature information in the temperature information DB 47 (step). S131). FIG. 21A shows an example of the article management information added to the article management information DB 46, and FIG. 21B shows an example of the temperature information stored in the temperature information DB 47.

  Returning to FIG. 15, the person in charge of the dispensing pharmacy 1 moves the received articles A, D, and G to the article shelf 3, and sends the slip number, the destination shelf number, and the movement time from the terminal to the article management apparatus 40. (Step S132). The article management device 40 copies the corresponding slip line from the article management information in the article management information DB 46, enters the shipping date and time, and deletes the arrival date and time. FIG. 22A shows an example of the article management information added to the article management information DB 46.

  Returning to FIG. 15, the temperature measuring devices E <b> 1 and E <b> 2 arranged on the article shelf 3 regularly transmit temperature data to the article management apparatus 40 based on a transmission instruction from the article management apparatus 40 using its own communication function. (Step S134), the article management apparatus 40 stores the temperature information in the temperature information DB 47 (Step S135). FIG. 22B shows an example of temperature information from the temperature measuring devices E1 and E2.

[Return processing]
FIG. 16 shows an example of processing for confirming quality quality when an article is returned at the dispensing pharmacy 1. In FIG. 16, the person in charge of the dispensing pharmacy 1 inputs the slip number and the article number to the terminal in order to grasp the past temperature history of the article A in order to return the article A. It transmits to the article management apparatus 40 (step S141).

  The article management apparatus 40 refers to the article management information DB 46, and extracts items for which the slip number and the article number or the old slip number and the article number match (step S142). There is also a method of extracting the same production number. FIG. 23 shows an example of information extracted from the article management information in the article management information DB 46 for the article A.

  Returning to FIG. 16, the article management device 40 obtains a corresponding temperature measuring device from the temperature measuring device location information in the temperature measuring device location information DB 43 with respect to the extracted item management information, through the equipment number, The temperature history data of the article A is obtained from the arrival date and time (step S143). The upper part of FIG. 24 is an example in which items of the temperature measuring device location information are extracted in the order in which the shipping date and arrival date and time are consecutive. The lower part of FIG. 24 is an example of history information in which temperature information is linked for each temperature measuring device in order of date and time.

  Returning to FIG. 16, the article management device 40 determines storage conditions from the linked temperature data and the article storage information in the article storage information DB 44 for the corresponding article (step S144), and determines the quality result. It responds to the terminal of the person in charge of inventory at the dispensing pharmacy 1 (step S145).

  FIG. 25A shows the article storage information for the article A in the article storage information DB 44 shown in FIG. 6B, the aggregate information 1 extracted from the lower part of FIG. 24, and the aggregate information 2 further aggregated. Yes. In this case, the storage environment of the article A has a maximum deviation time (total value) of 2 minutes and no minimum deviation time (total value). The unknown period (missing period) (total value) is 2 minutes. Therefore, the total value of the deviation time and the unknown period is 4 minutes and does not exceed the allowable time of 5 minutes. Therefore, the storage condition is satisfied, and the product is determined to be non-defective and can be returned. It is also possible to determine the quality of an article based on only the unknown period or only the deviation period.

  FIG. 25B shows an example in the case where the article storage information is different. Aggregated information 1 and 2 are the same as in FIG. In this case, the storage condition is not satisfied, and the product is determined to be defective and cannot be returned.

  In this way, by using the slip number and the article number for identifying the article, or the product number, the time of movement, the place where the article is placed, and the environment information obtained from the temperature measuring device that measures the environment, The storage environment information of the article can be acquired, and further, it can be determined whether the article is non-defective and can be returned. Further, not only at the final distribution point such as the dispensing pharmacy 1, but also at the predetermined point in the distribution process, the quality of the article is determined, or the quality of the article is always determined at the distribution process, and the article is determined to be defective. It may be configured such that all the products are non-defective when they arrive at the final distribution point by discarding.

<Example of specifying an article by serial number>
FIG. 26 is a diagram showing an example in which an article is specified by a production number. In FIG. 26, a barcode of a production number (ID) is attached for each pallet moved by a transport vehicle. A bar code is attached to the original packaging unit (each corrugated cardboard), and a barcode is also attached to the dispensing packaging unit, but it is in the package and cannot be read as it is, or it takes time to unpack and read it. Read the barcode on the palette.

  In a pharmaceutical wholesale company, when moving from a pallet to a shelf, the barcode is read for each original packaging, and the ID for each pallet is associated with the ID for each original packaging unit.

  When moving from an article shelf to a returnable box at a dispensing pharmacy, when shipping in original packaging, in the case of dispensing packaging units or sales packaging units, the barcode is read for each packaging unit, and the original packaging unit The ID is linked with the ID.

  In addition, when a serial number (unique number) is assigned to each medicine, the manufacturing number for each pallet and the serial number contained in the pallet may be linked and managed.

<Supplement for using acceleration information as environmental information>
As described above, the case where temperature is used has been described in the above embodiment, but acceleration in a predetermined direction may be used as environment information.

  As an example, the acceleration in the Z-axis direction, which is the direction of gravity, is continuously acquired and output as an environmental history, and it is determined from the environmental history whether the value of the acceleration in the Z-axis direction exceeds a predetermined threshold value, An instruction can be sent to check if the threshold value is not exceeded, and if it exceeds the threshold value, there is a possibility of failure. FIG. 27 shows an example of acceleration information and deviation determination.

  In addition, the position where acceleration exceeding the threshold is recorded from the time when the acceleration exceeding the threshold is acquired and the GPS record of the delivery route or transport vehicle, and the specified position is notified to the delivery person or the shipper. Also good.

  Also, only when the acceleration in a predetermined direction deviates from a predetermined threshold, the time and amount of deviation are recorded and transmitted to the server via the communication module, and when there is no deviation, the recording start time and recording end time are recorded. It is good also as a setting which discards data only via a communication module. Thereby, the recording amount of the data logger is reduced and the communication amount is also reduced. Also, what is stored in the memory is the recording disclosure time, the recording end time, the acceleration when the Z-axis acceleration takes a value larger than a predetermined value, and the time, and the others are not stored in the memory. It can also be.

<Summary>
As described above, according to the present embodiment, the quality of articles in the distribution process can be appropriately managed.

  The present invention has been described above by the preferred embodiments of the present invention. While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, various modifications and changes may be made to the embodiments without departing from the broad spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the claims. Obviously you can. In other words, the present invention should not be construed as being limited by the details of the specific examples and the accompanying drawings.

<Correspondence between Terms in Embodiment and Terms in Claims>
The slip number and the article number or the product number are examples of “first identification information”. The equipment number is an example of “second identification information”. The temperature measuring device 20 is an example of an “environment information acquisition device”. The temperature data is an example of “environment information”. The history information is an example of “environment history information”.

(Supplementary explanation)
The functional components of the article management apparatus 40, the data logger 21, the terminal 10, and the communication module 22 described in the above-described embodiment are partly or entirely, for example, ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) or FPGA (Field Programmable). It can also be realized using dedicated hardware such as (Gate Array). In addition, the functional components of the article management apparatus 40 described in the above-described embodiment may be partially or entirely provided in a device other than the article management apparatus 40 such as the terminal 10 or the communication module 22. May be.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Terminal 11 Information input part 12 Information transmission / reception part 13 Memory deletion command part 14 Judgment part 15 Information display part 16 Audio | voice alerting | reporting part 17 Location information acquisition part 20 Temperature measuring device 21 Data logger 22 Communication module 30 Network 40 Article management apparatus 41 Communication part 42 management section 421 article identification information management section 422 article movement time management section 423 article storage space information management section 424 environment history information calculation section 425 article quality judgment section 43 temperature measuring device location information DB
44 Goods storage information DB
45 slip information DB
46 Goods management information DB
47 Temperature information DB

JP-A-2005-154045 JP 2002-351949 A JP 2002-087523 A

Claims (12)

Means for receiving first identification information for identifying an article in a distribution stage, a time when the article has moved, and second identification information for identifying a space in which the article is placed;
Means for calculating environmental history information of the article from the first identification information, the environmental information of the environmental information acquisition device linked to the second identification information, and the time;
An article management system comprising: means for judging the quality of the article from the environmental history information and the quality judgment criteria for the article. In the article management system according to claim 1,
The first identification information is an article management system in which a slip number and an article number or a slip number and a manufacturing number are used. The article management system according to claim 1 or 2,
The pass / fail judgment criterion is set for each article and tied to the first identification information,
The means for judging the quality of the article is an article management system for judging the quality of the article using the quality judgment criteria associated with the first identification information. In the article management system according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The environment information acquisition device is associated with a plurality of environment information acquisition devices in the space, and one environment information acquisition device is installed at a location determined to take the maximum value of the environment information in the space. The other environmental information acquisition device is an article management system installed in a place where it is determined that the minimum value of the environmental information is taken in the space. In the article management system according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
When one environment information acquisition device is linked to the space, the environment information acquisition device is obtained from the distribution of environment information in the space acquired in advance and the environment information acquired by the environment information acquisition device. An article management system that outputs environmental information after converting it into at least one of a maximum value and a minimum value that can be taken in the space. In the article management system according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The environmental information acquired by the environmental information acquisition device is an article management system including any one or combination of temperature, humidity, illuminance, and vibration. The article management system according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
A total value of missing times included in the environmental history information is calculated using a period in which the environmental information is missing in the environmental history information as a missing time, and the quality of the article is determined based on the total value of the missing time. Article management system to judge. The article management system according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
In the environmental history information, a total value of temperature deviation times included in the environmental history information is calculated as a temperature deviation time during which the temperature deviates from an allowable temperature, and based on the total value of the temperature deviation times, An article management system for judging the quality of an article. The article management system according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
Calculate a total value of the missing time included in the environmental history information as a missing time period in which the environmental information is missing in the environmental history information,
In the environmental history information, a total value of temperature deviation times included in the environmental history information is calculated as a temperature deviation time period that deviates from an allowable temperature,
An article management system that judges that an article is rejected when a time obtained by adding a total value of the missing time and a total value of the temperature deviation time exceeds an allowable time set for each article in advance. Means for receiving first identification information for identifying an article in a distribution stage, a time when the article has moved, and second identification information for identifying a space in which the article is placed;
Means for calculating environmental history information of the article from the first identification information, the environmental information of the environmental information acquisition device linked to the second identification information, and the time;
An article management apparatus comprising: means for judging the quality of the article from the environmental history information and the quality judgment criteria for the article. Receiving first identification information for identifying an article in a distribution stage, time when the article has moved, and second identification information for identifying a space in which the article is placed;
Calculating environmental history information of the article from the environmental information of the environmental information acquisition device linked to the first identification information, the second identification information and the time;
An article management method comprising: judging the quality of the article from the environmental history information and the quality judgment criteria for the article. Computer
Means for receiving first identification information for identifying an article in a distribution stage, a time when the article has moved, and second identification information for identifying a space in which the article is placed;
Means for calculating environmental history information of the article from the first identification information, the environmental information of the environmental information acquisition device linked to the second identification information, and the time;
An article management program that functions as means for judging the quality of the article from the environmental history information and the criteria for judging the quality of the article.

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