JP2016522607A - Signal transmission method using power waveform - Google Patents

Abstract

A signal transmission method using a kind of power waveform applied to a load control system, comprising a phase angle control module and a drive module electrically connected to each other. The phase angle control module is electrically connected to the AC power source and the input interface, and the drive module is electrically connected to the load. The transmission method detects the state of the input interface with the phase angle control module, the phase angle control module changes the waveform of the AC power supply, generates a conduction angle delayed from the half wave period of the waveform of the AC power supply, and outputs it. The drive module receives the electrical energy output from the phase angle control module, identifies that there is a delayed conduction angle in the waveform of the electrical energy output from the phase angle control module, and then determines the input interface based on the delayed conduction angle. The state is identified, and the drive module outputs an electrical signal corresponding to the input interface to the load based on the state of the input interface. [Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to signal transmission, and more particularly to a signal transmission method using a kind of power waveform.

  In the case of indoor wiring in a conventional building, it was common to leave two wires for connecting switches between the electrical box on the ceiling and the electrical box on the wall. When installing electrical equipment (loads such as lamps or fans), fix the electrical equipment on the ceiling, connect one side of the power line to the electrical equipment, and connect one switch via the wire that has been reserved in advance on the other end After connecting in series, return to the electrical equipment again to make one power circuit. By switching the switch, on / off of the electrical equipment can be controlled.

  As technology advances, electrical facilities are becoming more and more multifunctional every day. In the case of an LED lighting system, the current LED lighting system has not only a simple on / off control but also an illuminance and chromaticity adjustment function. Therefore, in addition to the conventional power supply circuit, the control signal is sent to the control panel on the wall. Therefore, it is necessary to add a new control line for transmission to the LED module attached to the ceiling.

  Therefore, in order to install an LED lighting system having an adjustment function for illuminance and chromaticity, it is necessary to separately wire a control line, transmit a control signal via this control line, and send it to the LED module of the control lighting system. there were. However, the new wiring of the control line may lead to an increase in building renovation and renovation costs.

  Of course, there are two methods that can realize transmission of control signals without adding control lines. That is, wireless transmission and carrier wave transmission. In the wireless transmission, a wireless receiver and a transmitter are mounted on the LED module and a control panel on the wall, respectively, and a control signal is transmitted in a wireless manner to control the LED module. Carrier wave transmission refers to the control of the LED module after converting the control signal into a frequency modulation signal or an amplitude modulation signal using a variable regulator, and then transmitting it through the power line to return the demodulator to the original control signal. Is.

  However, the equipment cost required to realize the above two transmission methods is high, and both the transmitter and the variable regulator on the building wall require an external power line, which requires much labor for the wiring work. . In addition, signals transmitted by radio or carrier wave are easily interfered with by other radio signals, and it can be said that obtaining EMI and EMS safety certification in each country is a major hurdle.

Chinese Patent Publication No. 103369780

  A main object of the present invention is to provide a signal transmission method using a kind of power waveform that can realize signal transmission using wiring of a power supply circuit.

In order to achieve the above object, a signal transmission method using a power waveform provided by the present invention is applied to a load control system, and the load control system has one phase electrically connected to each other. An angle control module and one drive module are provided. Among them, the phase angle control module is electrically connected to one AC power source and one input interface, and the drive module is electrically connected to one load. This transmission method is realized by the following procedure.
A. The phase angle control module detects the input interface status.
B. The phase angle control module changes the waveform of the AC power supply based on the state detected in the procedure A, generates one delayed conduction angle in one half-wave period of the waveform of the AC power supply, and outputs it.
C. After the drive module receives the electrical energy output from the phase angle control module and identifies that there is a delayed conduction angle in the waveform of the electrical energy output from the phase angle control module, the input interface is based on this delayed conduction angle. Identify the state of
D. Based on the state of the input interface identified in step C, the drive module outputs one electrical signal corresponding to this input interface to the load.

  In order to achieve the above object, in the signal transmission method using the power waveform provided by the present invention, the input interface includes one switch, and when the switch is pressed, the switch is short-circuited. It becomes an open state. In step A, the switch is pressed to change the switch from an open state to a short-circuit state, and in step C, whether or not the switch is pressed is identified based on whether or not the delayed conduction angle exists. And

  In order to achieve the above object, in the signal transmission method using the power waveform provided by the present invention, the input interface includes a plurality of switches, and in the procedure A, any one switch is pressed. In procedure B, the generated delayed conduction angle corresponds to the pressed switch. In procedure C, the angle of the delayed conduction angle is further detected, and the corresponding switch is identified based on the angle of the delayed conduction angle. The procedure D is characterized in that an electrical signal related to the corresponding switch in the procedure C is transmitted to a load.

  In order to achieve the above object, in the signal transmission method using the power waveform provided by the present invention, the input interface includes an adjusting resistor, and the adjusting resistor changes its resistance value in a controllable state. be able to. In procedure B, the angle of the delayed conduction angle corresponds to the resistance value of the adjusting resistor. In procedure C, the resistance value of the adjusting resistor is determined based on the angle of the delayed conduction angle. The procedure D is characterized in that an electrical signal corresponding to the resistance value of the adjusting resistor is transmitted to the load.

  In order to achieve the above object, in the signal transmission method using the power waveform provided by the present invention, when the resistance value of the adjusting resistor becomes zero, the delayed conduction angle is larger than zero.

  In order to achieve the above object, in the signal transmission method using the power waveform provided by the present invention, the phase angle control module and the input interface are located at one control end, and the drive module and the load are located at one load end, respectively. It is characterized by doing.

  In order to achieve the above object, in the signal transmission method using the power waveform provided by the present invention, the delayed conduction angle is generated from the positive half wave of the waveform of the AC power supply.

  In order to achieve the above object, in the signal transmission method using the power waveform provided by the present invention, the maximum delay conduction angle is 90 degrees.

  In order to achieve the above object, in the signal transmission method using the power waveform provided by the present invention, the procedure C further includes the step of converting the electric energy of the AC power source into the electric energy required for the load. To do.

  In order to achieve the above object, in the signal transmission method using the power waveform provided by the present invention, the load is one LED module.

  By adopting a signal transmission method using such a power waveform, it becomes possible to transmit a signal simply by using the wiring of the power circuit, and there is no need to add an extra control line, and the wiring cost It leads to reduction.

It is a block diagram which shows the illumination system of 1st Example of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the illumination system of 2nd Example of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the illumination system of 3rd Example of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the illumination system of 4th Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows another embodiment of the illumination system of 1st Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows another embodiment of the illumination system of 2nd Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows another embodiment of the illumination system of 3rd Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows another embodiment of the illumination system of 4th Example of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the illumination system of 5th Example of this invention.

  Next, the signal transmission method using the power waveform of the present invention will be described in detail using the LED lighting system as a load control system.

  FIG. 1 shows an LED lighting system 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention, which includes one load such as an LED module 10, one input interface 12, and one phase angle signal transmission device.

  The LED module 10 includes a plurality of LEDs that receive electrical signals and emit light that serves as an illumination source. The input interface 12 includes one switch 122. The switch 122 is a normally open push button switch, and is short-circuited when pressed by the user.

  The phase angle signal transmission device 14 includes one phase angle control module 16 and one drive module 18. this house:

  The phase angle control module 16 is electrically connected to one AC power source S and the switch 122. The phase angle control module 16 detects the state of the switch 122. When the switch 122 is pushed and turned on, the phase angle control module 16 By changing the waveform of the AC power source S, one delayed conduction angle is generated in the positive half wave period of the waveform of the AC power source S and output. When the switch 122 is not pressed, the switch 122 is automatically reset and opened, and the phase angle control module 16 does not change the waveform of the AC power source S at this time. There is no delayed conduction angle in the waveform. The delayed conduction angle is preferably 90 ° C. or lower in order to reduce the reduction of harmonics and power factor of the AC power source S.

  The drive module 18 includes one power conversion circuit 182 and one control unit 184 that are electrically connected to each other. Among these, the power conversion circuit 182 is electrically connected to the phase angle control module 16 and the LED module 10, receives electrical energy output from the phase angle control module 16, and converts this into electrical energy necessary for the LED module 10. Playing a role. The power conversion circuit 182 can change the open / close state and illuminance of the LED module 10 in a controllable state. In this embodiment, the power conversion circuit 182 is based on a pulse width modulation (PWM) circuit, and adjusts the pulse time width of the electrical signal transmitted to the LED module 10 by the pulse width modulation method. I can. Of course, in practice, the power conversion circuit 182 may be a circuit that adjusts the strength of an electric signal or a circuit that adjusts another electric signal.

  The control unit 184 includes one phase angle detection circuit 184a and one processor 184b. Among these, the phase angle detection circuit 184a is electrically connected to the phase angle control module 16 and is output from the phase angle control module 16. Whether or not there is a delayed conduction angle in the energy waveform and the angle of the delayed conduction angle are detected, and the result is transmitted to the processor 184b. The processor 184b has a plurality of control modes, and typical modes include a full illumination mode, a preset illumination mode, and an illuminance adjustment mode. The electric signal output from the power conversion circuit 182 is controlled in any one of the control modes to cause the LED module 10 to emit light, and based on the result of the delayed conduction angle detected by the phase angle detection circuit 184a. Then, the state of the switch 122 is identified, and the control mode is switched based on this. this house:

  The full illumination mode is a mode in which the LED module 10 can emit light having a maximum illuminance value corresponding to the rated output under the control of the power conversion circuit 182.

  The preset illumination mode is a mode in which the LED module 10 can emit light having a preset illuminance value under the control of the power conversion circuit 182. In this embodiment, the preset illuminance value is set to half of the maximum illuminance value by default, and the preset illuminance value can be updated in the illuminance adjustment mode.

  In the illuminance adjustment mode, the power conversion circuit 182 is controlled to cause the LED module 10 to emit one light that repeatedly changes between the first illuminance value and the second illuminance value. When the processor 184b detects that the state of the switch 122 has changed, the control of the illuminance value change is stopped, and the illuminance value of the light emitted from the LED module 10 is recorded, and then the old illuminance value is recorded. The illuminance value in the preset illumination mode is overwritten, so that the LED module 10 emits light having a newly preset illuminance value. In the present embodiment, the first illuminance value is the maximum illuminance value, and the second illuminance value is the minimum illuminance value. Therefore, in the illuminance adjustment mode, the light of the LED module 10 continues to change between the maximum illuminance value and the minimum illuminance value.

  When the switch 122 is pressed, since there is a delayed conduction angle in any period of the waveform of the electrical energy output from the phase angle control module 16, the processor 184b is based on the number of periods having a delayed conduction angle. The control mode can be switched by calculating the length of time that the switch 122 is pressed.

  In the initial state (when the AC power supply S is conductive), before the switch 122 is pressed, the phase angle control module 16 has not yet changed the waveform of the AC power supply S, and the waveform detected by the phase angle detection circuit 184a is also delayed. Since there is no conduction angle, the processor 184b controls the power conversion circuit 182 to cut off the electric energy supplied to the LED module 10, and puts the LED module 10 in the off state.

  When the switch 122 is pressed, the phase angle detection circuit 184a detects that there is a delayed conduction angle in the waveform of the electric energy output from the phase angle control module 16, and the processor 184b presses the switch 122 based on this. Identify the length of time and take appropriate control.

  When the pressing time is shorter than the scheduled time (1.2 seconds in this embodiment), the processor 184b switches to the full illumination mode, whereby the LED module 10 emits light having the maximum illuminance value.

  When the switch 122 is pressed again and the pressing time is shorter than the scheduled time, the processor 184b switches to the preset lighting mode, thereby causing the LED module 10 to emit light having a preset illuminance value.

  When the switch 122 is pressed again and the time is shorter than the scheduled time, the processor 184b controls the power conversion circuit 182 to cut off the electric energy supplied to the LED module 10 and turn off the LED module 10.

  When the user wants to change the preset illuminance value, if the switch 122 is pressed for a predetermined time or longer, the processor 184b switches to the immediate illuminance adjustment mode, and the preset illuminance value can be changed.

  When the LED lighting system 1 is applied to a building with such a structure, the switch 122 and the phase angle control module 16 are attached to the building wall (attached to the control end), and the drive module 18 and the LED module 10 are attached to the building. It will be attached to the wall or ceiling (attachment to the load end) respectively. In this case, if the phase angle control module 16 and the drive module 18 are connected by two electric wires connected to the AC power source S, the operation is completed. In other words, by simply using the conventional wiring of the building, the waveform corresponding to the state of the switch 122 is transmitted to the drive module 18, and the drive module 18 identifies the state of the switch 122 based on this, and the corresponding electrical The LED module 10 can be controlled by outputting a signal.

  In addition, the said installation system is only one Example to the last, Actually, it is not limited to this, The installation position of each component can be adjusted freely as needed.

  Actually, the LED module 10 may include a plurality of first LEDs and a plurality of second LEDs, and the light colors of these first LEDs may be different from the light colors of the second LEDs. Specifically, the light color of the first LED is a cold color system (white light, blue light, etc.), and the light color of the second LED is a warm color system (yellow light, red light, etc.).

  The power conversion circuit 182 of the drive module 18 can control the illuminance ratio of the first LED and the second LED separately. The illuminance ratio is the ratio of the illuminance value of the light emitted by the first and second LEDs to the maximum illuminance value or the preset illuminance value, and uses a combination of the illuminance ratios of these first LED and second LED. As a result, the color temperature of the light emitted from the LED module 10 can be adjusted.

  Among the various control modes provided in the processor 184b, the full illumination mode includes one first illumination ratio information, and this first illumination ratio information indicates the illumination ratio of the first and second LEDs in the full illumination mode. Recorded. On the other hand, the preset illumination mode includes one second illuminance ratio information, and this second illuminance ratio information records the illuminance ratios of the first and second LEDs in the preset illumination mode.

  The control mode provided in the processor 184b further includes one chromaticity adjustment mode used for adjusting the first illuminance ratio information or the second illuminance ratio information. After the processor 184b switches to the full illumination mode or the preset illumination mode, when the user continues to press the switch 122 and reaches a certain time (4 seconds in this embodiment), the operation mode of the processor 184b is changed to the chromaticity adjustment mode. Switch to this house:

  In the chromaticity adjustment mode, the LED module 10 emits light under the control of the power conversion circuit 182, and the first LED and the second LED of the LED module 10 in a state where the illuminance value (maximum illuminance value or preset illuminance value) does not change. When the processor 184b identifies the state of the switch 122, the change in the first and second LED illuminance ratios stops and the illuminance ratio of the first and second LEDs at that time is recorded and recorded. The conventional illuminance ratio information in the full illumination mode or the conventional second illuminance ratio information in the preset illumination mode is overwritten with the illuminance ratio so that the first and second LEDs emit light having a new illuminance ratio.

  Thus, the user can adjust the illuminance or chromaticity only by changing the length of time the switch 122 is pressed.

  Next, some other embodiments capable of realizing the same effect as described above will be introduced.

  FIG. 2 shows an LED lighting system 2 according to a second embodiment of the present invention. One of the LED lighting systems 2 electrically connected to the AC power source S and the phase angle control module 16 based on the structure of the first embodiment. Changeover switch 20 was added. The changeover switch 20 is used to turn on and off the light of the LED module 10.

In this embodiment, when the changeover switch 20 is turned on, the processor 184b of the drive module 18 is switched to the full illumination mode, and the light of the LED module 10 is also changed to the brightest state by the control. Similarly, it is possible to realize switching between the preset illumination mode and the full illumination mode only by changing the length of time that the switch 122 is pressed, and to switch to the illuminance adjustment mode or the chromaticity adjustment mode.

  FIG. 3 shows an LED illumination system 3 according to a third embodiment of the present invention, which is based on the structure of the second embodiment. However, the input interface 22 of the present embodiment has a phase angle control module 16 as a different point. And two switches 222 and 224 that are electrically connected to each other. When the switches 222 and 224 are pushed and short-circuited, the phase angle control module 16 generates one delayed conduction angle in the positive half wave period of the waveform of the AC power supply S and outputs it. The angle of the delayed conduction angle generated by the switches 222 and 224 is also different, and the processor 184b determines the push state of these switches 222 and 224 corresponding to the angle of the delayed conduction angle detected by the phase angle detection circuit 184a. The control mode can be switched based on the original.

  For example, when the switch 222 is pressed briefly (that is, when the pressing time is shorter than the set time), the full illumination mode and the preset lighting mode are switched, or when the switch 222 is pressed long (that is, when the pressing time is longer than the set time), the illuminance Or switch to adjustment mode.

  On the other hand, the processor 184b can further preset a plurality of chromaticities, and each preset chromaticity corresponds to the illuminance ratio of the first and second LEDs. When the switch 224 is pressed shortly in the full illumination mode or the preset illumination mode, it switches to any one preset chromaticity, and the first illuminance ratio information or the second illuminance ratio information previously recorded with the preset chromaticity is displayed. Overwriting, this allows the first and second LEDs to emit light with a new illumination ratio.

  In addition, when the switch 224 is pressed for a long time in the full illumination mode or the preset illumination mode, the chromaticity of the LED module 10 can be adjusted by switching to the chromaticity adjustment mode.

  FIG. 4 shows an LED lighting system 4 according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, the structure of which is substantially the same as that of the second embodiment, except that the input interface 24 of this embodiment has a phase angle control module 16 and There are three switches 242, 244, 246 that are electrically connected. When the switches 242, 244, 246 are pressed, the phase angle control module 16 generates a delayed conduction angle having a specific angle corresponding to each switch 242, 244, 246. In addition, the LED lighting system 4 of the present embodiment includes three sets of drive modules 262, 264, 266 and LED modules 282, 284, 286. The drive modules 262, 264, 266 are for identifying a specific angle. Since each of the drive modules 262, 264, and 266 can detect the pushing state of the switches 242, 244, and 246 and can control the LED modules 282, 284, and 286 because they correspond to the delayed conduction angles, respectively.

  For example, when the switch 242 is pressed, the driving module 262 detects the angle of the corresponding delayed conduction angle, calculates the pressing time, and can control the LED module 282 based on this.

  Of course, the number of switches of the input interface 24 of this embodiment is not limited to three, and more switches may be set. By installing the same number of drive modules and LED modules corresponding to the load end, it is possible to realize control of a plurality of LED modules by the control end.

  In order to match the structure of the building, the LED lighting system of the first embodiment is designed in the connection style shown in FIG. 5, and two sets of phase angle control modules 16 and switches 122 are provided at different positions of the building. Thus, it is possible to realize a utilization method of controlling the LED module 10 from different places. With the same concept, the LED lighting systems of the second, third and fourth embodiments are designed in the connection style shown in FIGS. 6 to 8, respectively, and two sets of three-line switches 29, the phase angle control module 16 and the input Interfaces 12, 22, and 24 may be installed at different locations in the building to allow the user to control the LED module from different locations.

  FIG. 9 shows an LED lighting system 5 according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention, which includes one changeover switch 30, one input interface 32, one phase angle control module 34, one drive module 36, and one LED module 38. Prepare. The input interface 32 includes one adjusting resistor 322, and the phase angle control module 34 is electrically connected to the adjusting resistor 322, and the resistance value of the adjusting resistor 322 using the resistance value of the adjusting resistor 322. A delayed conduction angle corresponding to the angle can be generated. In this embodiment, the larger the resistance value of the adjusting resistor 322, the larger the delay conduction angle corresponding thereto. Conversely, the smaller the resistance value, the smaller the angle of the delayed conduction angle. However, even if the resistance value of the adjusting resistor 322 becomes 0Ω, the angle of the delayed conduction angle does not become zero. This means that there is always a delayed conduction angle in the waveform of the electrical energy output from the module 34.

  The processor 362 of the drive module 36 calculates the resistance value of the adjusting resistor 322 based on the angle of the delayed conduction angle detected by the phase angle detection circuit 364, and sets the power conversion circuit 366 to match the change in resistance value. Control is performed by outputting necessary electric signals to the LED module 38. For example, the illuminance of the LED module 38 can be adjusted using the change in the resistance value, or the chromaticity of the LED module 38 can be adjusted.

  The LED illumination system in each of the above embodiments is for explaining the signal transmission method using the power waveform in the present invention, and can be applied not only to the LED illumination system but also to other load control systems. For example, in the case of a motor control system, the state of the input interface at the control end is transmitted to the load end using a phase angle signal transmission device, and the start, stop, and rotation speed of the motor can be controlled based on this. Other than that, it can also be applied to control the load of various electrical products such as greenhouse heaters, ventilation fans, ceiling fans.

  In summary, using the phase angle signal transmission device composed of the phase angle control module and the drive module, the state of the input interface is transmitted from the control end to the load end via the delayed conduction angle of the power waveform. The electric signal corresponding to the state of the input interface for controlling the load is output. In other words, the signal is transmitted using the waveform of the AC power supply. Compared to the conventional signal transmission method, the present invention has the advantage that it is not necessary to newly add wiring or transmit a signal with a wireless signal transmission device, and to reduce the cost related to wiring and the like.

  The above-described examples are only recommended embodiments of the present invention, and any substantially simple changes, equivalent changes and improvements to the above-described embodiments are included in the technical scope of the present invention.

1-5 ... Lighting system
10, 38, 42 ... LED module 12, 22, 24, 32 ... input interface 14 ... phase angle signal transmission device 16, 34 ... phase angle control module 18, 36, 262, 264, 266 ... drive module 20, 30 ... switching Switch 29 ... 3-line switch 122 ... Switch 182 ... Power conversion circuit 184 ... Control unit 184A ... Phase angle detection circuit 184B ... Processor 122, 222, 224, 242, 244, 246 ... Switch 282, 284, 286 ... LED module 322 ... Resistor 362 ... Processor 364 ... Phase angle detection circuit 366 ... Power conversion circuit S ... AC power supply

Claims (10)

A signal transmission method using a kind of power waveform applied to a load control system,
The load control system comprises one phase angle control module and one drive module electrically connected to each other;
The phase angle control module is electrically connected to one AC power source and one input interface, and the driving module is electrically connected to one load;
The transmission method is:
A. Detecting a state of the input interface with the phase angle control module;
B. The phase angle control module changes the waveform of the AC power supply based on the state detected in the procedure A, generates one delayed conduction angle in one half-wave period of the waveform of the AC power supply, and outputs it. Procedure and
C. After the drive module receives the electrical energy output from the phase angle control module and identifies that the waveform of the electrical energy output from the phase angle control module has a delayed conduction angle, Identifying the status of the input interface;
D. A step of outputting one electrical signal corresponding to the input interface to a load based on the state of the input interface identified in step C by the drive module; Transmission method.   The input interface includes one switch. When the switch is pressed, the input interface is short-circuited. When the switch is not pressed, the input interface is open. When the switch is pressed, the switch is pressed to change the switch from the open state to the short-circuited state. 2. The signal transmission using the power waveform according to claim 1, wherein whether or not the switch is pressed is identified based on whether or not the delayed conduction angle exists in step C. 3. Method.   The input interface includes a plurality of the switches. In the procedure A, one of the switches is pressed. In the procedure B, the generated delayed conduction angle corresponds to the pressed switch. In the procedure C, Further, the angle of the delayed conduction angle is detected, the corresponding switch is identified based on the angle of the delayed conduction angle, and in step D, an electrical signal related to the corresponding switch in step C is transmitted to the load. The signal transmission method using the power waveform according to claim 2.   The input interface includes an adjusting resistor, and the resistance value of the adjusting resistor can be changed in a controllable state; in step B, the angle of the delayed conduction angle is the resistance value of the adjusting resistor. In step C, the resistance value of the adjusting resistor is determined based on the angle of the delayed conduction angle; in procedure D, an electric signal corresponding to the resistance value of the adjusting resistor is transmitted to the load. The signal transmission method using the power waveform according to claim 1.   5. The signal transmission method using a power waveform according to claim 4, wherein when the resistance value of the adjusting resistor becomes zero, the delayed conduction angle is larger than zero.   2. The signal using a power waveform according to claim 1, wherein the phase angle control module and the input interface are located at one control end, and the drive module and the load are located at one load end, respectively. Transmission method.   2. The signal transmission method using a power waveform according to claim 1, wherein the delayed conduction angle is generated from a positive half wave of a waveform of an AC power supply.   2. The signal transmission method using a power waveform according to claim 1, wherein the maximum angle of the delayed conduction angle is 90 degrees.   The method for transmitting a signal using a power waveform according to claim 1, wherein the procedure C further includes a step of converting electrical energy of the AC power source into electrical energy required for the load. The method of claim 1, wherein the load is a single LED module.