JP2016068002A - Sorting equipment for earth and sand-based mixed waste containing waste gypsum board - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a sorter which can separate gypsum at high efficiency from earth and sand-based mixed waste containing a waste gypsum board.SOLUTION: Sorting equipment for earth and sand-based mixed waste containing a waste gypsum board is provided that comprises: crushing means for crushing earth and sand-based mixed waste containing a waste gypsum board and discharging a material to be separated containing gypsum and paper which are derived from the waste gypsum; grain size adjustment means for discharging the part of a specified grain size in the material to be separated as a powder raw material; a conductive dispersion plate having a plurality of through holes of size which enables a part of the powder raw material to pass through; excitation means for oscillating the dispersion plate; raw material supply means for supplying the powder raw material discharged from the grain size adjustment means onto the dispersion plate; particle electrification means for electrifying the powder raw material before and/or after being supplied onto the dispersion plate from the raw material supply means; and high voltage generation means for supplying voltage to the particle electrification means.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus for sorting earth and sand mixed waste containing waste gypsum board.

Conventionally, it has been difficult to efficiently separate gypsum and paper by treating earth and sand mixed waste including waste gypsum board.
As a sorting apparatus related to this, for example, an apparatus described in Patent Document 1 has been proposed.

  In Patent Document 1, a crushed waste gypsum board is placed on the upper surface of a mesh plate arranged obliquely at an angle, and the gypsum board for discarded construction material is conveyed obliquely downward while vibrating the mesh plate. In the powder sorting apparatus in which gypsum powder is screened off by gravity from the net of the mesh plate, a rotating body comprising a rotating shaft and a rotor fixed to the rotating shaft is provided, and the outer periphery of the rotor is A powder sorting device characterized by intermittently contacting the lower surface of the mesh plate is described. According to such a powder sorting apparatus, vibration is directly applied to the net through which the powder is shaken, so that the vibration propagation efficiency can be achieved without increasing the rigidity or increasing the weight of a part or the whole of the mesh plate. It is described that it is quiet and has a high damping effect, has the effect of efficiently selecting powder in a large amount in a short time, and has the effect of reducing excitation energy and noise for the same reason. Yes.

JP 2010-58020 A

  However, for example, with a conventional sorting apparatus represented by the apparatus described in Patent Document 1, it is difficult to separate gypsum with high efficiency. Therefore, when the earth-and-sand system mixed waste containing a waste gypsum board is processed by the conventionally proposed sorting apparatus, the result will be a mixture of gypsum and paper. If this is left outdoors, for example, it will be exposed to rainwater and the like, and sulfate-reducing bacteria may exist there. Thus, if gypsum, paper (organic matter), water, and sulfate-reducing bacteria coexist, hydrogen sulfide may be generated, which is extremely dangerous.

In addition, if almost only gypsum can be separated from waste including waste gypsum board, it can be treated as stable industrial waste.
Further, the separated gypsum can be reused as a coagulant or the like.

  An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems. That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a sorter capable of separating gypsum and paper with high efficiency from earth and sand mixed waste containing waste gypsum board.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor diligently studied and completed the present invention.
The present invention includes the following (1) to (9).
(1) pulverizing means for pulverizing earth and sand mixed waste containing waste gypsum board, and discharging a material to be separated including gypsum and paper derived from the waste gypsum board;
A particle size adjusting means for discharging a portion of the specific particle size in the material to be separated as a powder raw material;
A dispersion plate having a plurality of through-holes of a size through which a part of the powder raw material can pass on the main surface;
Vibration means for vibrating the dispersion plate;
A raw material supply means for supplying the powder raw material discharged from the particle size adjusting means onto the dispersion plate;
Particle charging means for charging the powder raw material before and / or after being supplied from the raw material supply means onto the dispersion plate;
Energy generating means for supplying energy to the particle charging means;
Have
By vibrating the powder raw material charged by the action of the particle charging means through the dispersion plate, the gypsum contained in the powder raw material passes through the through-holes of the dispersion plate, and by the action of gravity. On the other hand, the paper contained in the powder raw material remains on the dispersion plate, so that gypsum and paper can be separated. apparatus.
(2) The earth-and-sand mixed waste sorting apparatus including the waste gypsum board according to (1), wherein the particle charging unit is a corona discharge device or a friction charging device.
(3) The waste gypsum according to (1) or (2), wherein the dispersion plate is inclined with respect to the horizontal so that the portion to which the powder raw material is supplied from the raw material supply means is the highest. Sorting equipment for earth and sand mixed waste including board.
(4) The particle size adjusting unit according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the particle size adjusting unit is a sieve that discharges a portion having a particle size of 0.01 to 10 mm in the material to be separated as a powder raw material. Sorting device for earth and sand mixed waste including waste gypsum board.
(5) The waste gypsum according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein in the dispersion plate, the through hole has a diameter of 2 to 10 mm, and a distance between adjacent through holes is 2 to 30 mm. Sorting equipment for earth and sand mixed waste including board.
(6) The above dispersion plates are arranged in a pair so that the main surfaces face each other vertically, and only one of the dispersion plates is vibrated by the vibration means. A sorting apparatus for earth-and-sand mixed waste containing the waste gypsum board according to any one of 1).
(7) The earth and sand mixed waste sorting apparatus including the waste gypsum board according to (6), wherein the dispersion plate is installed in the range of 1 to 5 sets.
(8) The vibration of the dispersion plate has an amplitude of 0.1 to 30 mm and a frequency of 2 to 200 Hz in the main surface direction, an amplitude of 0.01 to 10 mm and a frequency of 10 to 300 Hz in the vertical direction. A sorting apparatus for earth-and-sand mixed waste containing the waste gypsum board according to any one of (1) to (7).
(9) Earth and sand containing waste gypsum board according to any one of (1) to (8), further comprising drying means for spraying dry air continuously or intermittently from below toward the lower surface of the dispersion plate Sorting device for mixed waste.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the sorter which can isolate | separate gypsum and paper with high efficiency from the earth-and-sand type mixed waste containing a waste gypsum board can be provided.

It is the schematic which shows the preferable aspect of the sorter of this invention. It is the schematic which shows the preferable aspect of a dispersion plate. It is another schematic diagram which shows the preferable aspect of the sorter of this invention. It is another schematic diagram which shows the preferable aspect of the selector of this invention.

The present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
The sorting apparatus 10 of the present invention comprises a pulverizing means 12 for pulverizing the earth-and-sand mixed waste 1 containing waste gypsum board, and discharging the material to be separated 3 containing gypsum A and paper B derived from the waste gypsum board, A particle size adjusting means 14 for discharging a portion of the specific particle size in the separating material 3 as a powder raw material 5; and a dispersion plate 18 having a plurality of through-holes of a size through which a part of the powder raw material 5 can pass on the main surface The vibrating means 20 for vibrating the dispersion plate 18, the raw material supply means 16 for supplying the powder raw material 5 discharged from the particle size adjusting means 14 onto the dispersion plate 18, and the raw material supply means 16 onto the dispersion plate 18. The particle charging means 22 for charging the powder raw material 5 before and / or after being supplied, and the energy generating means 24 for supplying energy to the particle charging means 22 are provided. The powder raw material 5 charged by By vibrating through the scattering plate 18, the gypsum A contained in the powder raw material 5 passes through the through holes of the dispersion plate 18 and moves downward by the action of gravity, while being contained in the powder raw material 5. The paper B is an earth and sand mixed waste sorting apparatus including a waste gypsum board that can separate the gypsum A and the paper B by remaining on the dispersion plate 18.

<Crushing means 12>
The pulverizing means 12 will be described.
The pulverizing means 12 pulverizes the earth-and-sand mixed waste 1 including the waste gypsum board, and discharges the material to be separated 3 including gypsum A and paper B derived from the waste gypsum board.

Waste gypsum board generated at a construction site or the like is mixed with soil and other waste (for example, wood, plastic, glass, metal, concrete) to become a soil-and-sand mixed waste 1. Although the ratio of the soil contained in the earth-and-sand system mixed waste 1 is various, it is about 5-70 mass%, for example.
Since gypsum board is a building material in which plastered plaster is coated with paperboard, gypsum A, paper B, soil and other wastes, and those that are not separated individually when earth and sand mixed waste 1 is crushed To be separated 3 is obtained.

  The crushing means 12 may be, for example, a conventionally known crushing device, specifically a jaw crusher, a rotary crusher, an impact crusher, a ball mill, a rod mill, a hammer mill, or the like.

In this way, the material to be separated 3 obtained by pulverizing the earth-and-sand mixed waste 1 is discharged. The material to be separated 3 includes gypsum A and paper B derived from waste gypsum board.
The mass ratio (gypsum A / paper B) of gypsum A and paper B contained in the material to be separated 3 is preferably 5-18.

<Granularity adjusting means 14>
The particle size adjusting means 14 will be described.
The particle size adjusting means 14 discharges a portion having a specific particle size in the material to be separated 3 as the powder raw material 5.

The particle size adjusting means 14 may be a conventionally known particle size adjusting device, specifically, a vibrating sieve, a classifier, a wind classifier, or a centrifugal classifier.
The particle size adjusting means 14 is preferably a sieve.

  The particle size adjusting means 14 plays a role of selecting a specific particle size portion in the material to be separated 3. For example, the material to be separated 3 is subjected to a sieve, and a portion having a specific particle size is moved under the sieve to be discharged as a powder raw material 5 toward the next process (raw material supply means 16), and the upper part of the sieve is subjected to the previous process (pulverization means 12). (Represented by a dotted line in FIG. 1).

  The particle size adjusting means discharges a portion having a particle size of 0.01 to 10 mm (preferably 0.1 to 4 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 2 mm) in the material to be separated as a powder raw material 5. Preferably there is.

<Raw material supply means 16>
The raw material supply means 16 will be described.
The raw material supply means 16 supplies the powder raw material 5 discharged from the particle size adjusting means 14 onto a dispersion plate 18 described later.

  In FIG. 1 (and FIGS. 3 and 4 to be described later), the raw material supply means 16 is shown as a belt conveyor, but other materials may be used. For example, the raw material supply means 16 can use a conventionally known raw material supply device, specifically a vibration feeder. When a small amount of raw material is processed in a batch system, the raw material supply means 16 is placed on a raw material loading plate installed in the case. It may be a means for installing the raw material and dropping the raw material from the raw material loading plate onto the dispersion plate.

<Dispersion plate 18>
The dispersion plate 18 has a plurality of through holes 185 having a size through which a part of the powder raw material 5 can pass on the main surface.
Further, when the particle charging means 22 described later is a corona discharge device and the powder raw material 5 is charged by corona discharge, the dispersion plate 18 having conductivity is used. On the other hand, when the particle charging means 22 described later is a frictional charging device and the powder raw material 5 is charged by frictional charging, a dispersion plate 18 having non-conductivity is used.
The thickness of the dispersion plate is not particularly limited, but an aspect ratio (thickness / diameter) to a through-hole diameter described later is preferably 0.01 or more and 2 or less.
The dispersion plate 18 will be described with reference to FIG.

As shown in FIG. 2, the dispersion plate 18 preferably has a plurality of through holes 185 formed in a staggered pattern.
The size of the through hole 185 is not particularly limited as long as the powder raw material 5, particularly gypsum A can pass through, but the diameter R is preferably 2 to 10 mm. Further, it is preferable that the opening area of the through-hole 185 is 3.1mm ² ~79mm ^2. Moreover, it is preferable that the distance r between adjacent through-holes is 2-30 mm.

  Furthermore, it is preferable that the dispersion plate 18 has a projection of a triangular prism, a cylinder, a triangular pyramid, a cone or a quadrangular pyramid on its surface. Moreover, it is preferable that the height of this protrusion is 0.3 to 10 mm. In the sorting apparatus 10 of the present invention, when the dispersion plate 18 is arranged so that such protrusions are convex upward, the fiber material of paper is hooked on the protrusions, so that the effect of improving the separation efficiency from gypsum is exhibited. Because it does. The protrusions on the surface of the dispersion plate are not included in the thickness of the dispersion plate used when calculating the aspect ratio.

The dispersion plate 18 has the shape as described above. When the dispersion plate 18 has conductivity, the dispersion plate 18 is preferably made of stainless steel, steel, copper, aluminum, or the like. When charging by friction described later, a dispersion plate having non-conductivity is preferably used. Therefore, it is preferably made of ebonite, vinyl chloride polymer, non-conductive polymer, glass, natural rubber, styrene butadiene rubber or the like, and a material having a volume resistance of 1 × 10 ¹² Ω · cm or more can be preferably used.
Further, different materials can be used for the dispersion plate 18 on the same surface. In this case, it is preferable because the powder raw material 5 can be charged by the dispersion plate portion of the material having non-conductivity and separated by the dispersion plate of the material having conductivity installed on the same plane.

  The dispersion plate 18 is grounded as shown in FIG. When the particle charging means 22 described later is a corona discharge device, the dispersion plate 18 serves as an anode or a cathode.

Such a dispersion plate 18 vibrates by the action of a vibration means 20 described later.
The vibration of the dispersion plate 18 has an amplitude of 0.1 to 30 mm, preferably 1 to 10 mm, and a frequency of 2 to 200 Hz in the main surface direction (direction parallel to the main surface).
Moreover, it is preferable that an amplitude is 0.01-10 mm (preferably 0.1-10 mm) and a frequency is 10-300 Hz in a perpendicular direction.
Such vibration may be only in the main surface direction, only in the vertical direction, or a combination thereof. In the case of combining vibrations, the value obtained by dividing the amplitude in the principal plane direction by the amplitude in the vertical direction is preferably 1 or more and 100 or less (more preferably 2 or more and 20 or less).
When a dispersion plate using the non-conductive material is used, frictional charging can be performed using such vibration.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the dispersion plate 18 is preferably disposed so as to be inclined with respect to the horizontal so that the portion to which the powder raw material 5 is supplied from the raw material supply means 16 is the highest. In the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the powder raw material 5 is supplied from the raw material supply means 16 so that the left side is high and the right side is low, so that the right side is low. Distributing the dispersion plate 18 in this manner is preferable because separation of the gypsum A and the paper B is promoted. A plurality of the dispersion plates 18 may be used by placing a distance of 10 mm or more and 500 mm or less in the vertical direction. Thus, it is preferable to use a plurality of dispersion plates because separation is further promoted.

  Here, the inclination angle of the dispersion plate 18 (angle θ with respect to the horizontal shown in FIG. 1) is preferably 0 to 45 degrees, and more preferably 3 to 20 degrees. When using a plurality of dispersion plates or a plurality of sets, the dispersion plate or the set of dispersion plates arranged at the top and the dispersion plate or the set of dispersion plates arranged below are arranged substantially in parallel, or below It is preferable that the dispersion plate installed in is installed horizontally.

As shown in FIG. 3, two dispersion plates 18 exist as a set, and two dispersion plates 18a and 18b are arranged so that the main surfaces face each other, and only one of the dispersion plates is an excitation means. 20 is preferably configured to be vibrated by 20. In the aspect shown in FIG. 3, only the dispersion plate 18 a is configured to be vibrated by the vibration means 20.
In the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the dispersion plate 18a and the dispersion plate 18b have the same shape, and both are shown in FIG. Further, the lower surface of the dispersion plate 18a and the upper surface of the dispersion plate 18b are almost in contact, and the dispersion plate 18b is fixed and does not move. Only when the dispersion plate 18a moves and the positions of the through holes of the dispersion plate 18a and the dispersion plate 18b coincide, a part of the powder raw material 5 (mainly gypsum A) passes through these through holes and falls downward. To do. The presence of two dispersion plates in this way is preferable because the opening amount of the through hole can be controlled, for example, by increasing the opening amount according to the degree of aggregation of the paper pieces. Furthermore, it is preferable to have a plurality of dispersion plates or a set of dispersion plates because the efficiency of dispersion / separation is improved. Specifically, it is preferable that 1 to 5 sets of dispersion plates are installed.

It is preferable to further have a drying means for spraying dry air continuously or intermittently from below toward the lower surface of the dispersion plate 18. This is because the dispersion of the powder raw material 5 on the dispersion plate 18 is promoted, and further, the charging can be promoted by reducing the atmospheric humidity or the moisture content of the powder raw material 5.
The drying means may be a conventionally known drying device, a membrane type, a refrigeration type, or an adsorption type air dryer.

<Excitation means 20>
The vibration means 20 will be described.
The vibration means 20 vibrates the dispersion plate 18.

  The vibration means 20 may be a conventionally known vibration generator, electrodynamic vibration generator, or unbalanced mass generator.

<Particle charging means 22>
The particle charging means 22 will be described.
The particle charging means 22 charges the powder raw material 5 before being supplied from the raw material supply means 16 onto the dispersion plate 18 and / or after being supplied.
In the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the particle charging unit 22 charges the powder material 5 after being supplied from the material supply unit 16 onto the dispersion plate 18.

  The particle charging means 22 is preferably a corona discharge device.

When the particle charging means 22 is a corona discharge device, for example, with the dispersion plate 18 as an anode, the gas in the electric field is ionized by electron collision separation and corona discharge is performed.
In this case, the powder raw material 5 after being supplied from the raw material supply means 16 onto the dispersion plate 18 is given a negative charge by corona discharge. In the gypsum A, this negative charge is neutralized by the positive charge from the dispersion plate 18 and repels the dispersion plate 18 by the positive charge given from the dispersion plate 18. The vibration of the dispersion plate 18 also acts here, passes through the through-hole 185 of the dispersion plate 18, and falls downward by the action of gravity.
On the other hand, the paper B in the powder raw material 5 is adsorbed by the dispersion plate 18 because the negative charge given by the corona discharge remains. Therefore, even if the dispersion plate 18 vibrates, the paper B remains on the dispersion plate 18.
Since the polarity of the electrode can be reversed, for example, the dispersion plate 18 can be used as a cathode, and a positive charge can be given to the powder raw material 5 after being supplied from the raw material supply means 16 onto the dispersion plate 18.

When the particle charging means 22 is a corona discharge device, the discharge voltage is preferably 10 to 200 kV.
The interelectrode distance (the shortest distance between the cathode provided in the corona discharge device and the dispersion plate 18 acting as the anode) is preferably 10 to 100 mm.
Moreover, it is preferable that the electric power per unit volume of discharge is 50-12000 W / m < ³ >.

Next, the particle charging means 22 having a mode different from the mode shown in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIG.
In the case shown in FIG. 4, the particle charging unit 22 charges the powder raw material 5 before being supplied from the raw material supply unit 16 onto the dispersion plate 18. In the case of FIG. 4, more specifically, the raw material supply means 16 (for example, the powder raw material 5 flowing on the belt conveyor) is charged.

  In such a case, the particle charging means 22 is preferably a corona discharge device or a friction charging device. It is preferable to charge the powder raw material 5 on the dispersion plate 18 after being charged in advance, because only the paper B tends to aggregate due to the action of vibration, and is more easily separated from the gypsum A. The particle diameter of the aggregated paper B is not particularly limited, but is preferably 3 to 20 mm from the viewpoint of ease of processing.

  For example, a conventionally known friction charging device can be used. For example, when the powder raw material 5 is supplied into an apparatus having a screw inside the casing, the powder raw material 5 is agitated by the rotation of the screw, and the particles of the powder raw material 5 are rubbed with each other, resulting in charging. When a non-conductive dispersion plate is used, it can be charged by static electricity generated between the non-conductive dispersion plates or between the dispersion plate and the powder raw material due to vibration generated by the vibration means.

<Energy generation means>
The energy generating means 24 will be described.
When the particle charging unit 22 is a corona discharge device, the energy generating unit 24 applies a high voltage to the particle charging unit 22. When the particle charging unit 22 is a friction charging device, the energy generating unit 24 supplies electric energy and kinetic energy for the particle charging unit 22 to generate frictional charging.

  When the particle charging means 22 is a corona discharge device, the energy generating means 24 may be a high voltage generating device using a wound-type neon transformer, an inverter neon transformer, or a Cockcroft-Walton circuit, and the particle charging means 22 is a friction charging device. In this case, an AC power source, a DC power source, a motor using compressed air, etc. can be preferably used.

  In the sorting apparatus 10 of the present invention described above, the powder raw material 5 charged by the action of the particle charging means 22 is vibrated through the dispersion plate 18, whereby the gypsum A contained in the powder raw material 5 is dispersed. It passes through the through hole of 18 and moves downward by the action of gravity. Here, soil other than paper can move downward together with the gypsum A. On the other hand, the paper B contained in the powder raw material 5 remains on the dispersion plate 18. In this way, gypsum A and paper B can be separated.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the examples.

Example 1
As shown in FIG. 1, a vibration feeder S10 manufactured by NTN and a vibration controller K-ECG25 manufactured by NTN were used as the vibration means, and the dispersion plate had a through hole diameter R of 5 mm (opening area 19.6 mm ² ) and the distance between the through holes. A stainless steel plate having r of 5 mm was used. The raw material is 52 parts by weight of gypsum, 7 parts by weight of paper and 41 parts by weight of soil. Was used. The particle charging means was the same corona discharge electrode connected to a high-voltage power supply GT100 manufactured by Green Techno, and the distance between the electrodes was 60 mm. After the corona discharge voltage is adjusted to -58 kV and the powder raw material on the raw material loading plate is subjected to corona discharge, the powder raw material is dropped from the raw material loading plate onto the horizontally arranged dispersion plate and dispersed. A vibration having a frequency of 160 Hz and an amplitude of 0.3 mm was applied to the plate in the main surface direction (horizontal direction). When vibration was applied for 5 minutes, gypsum and soil powder passed through the through holes and dropped into a collection container under the dispersion plate. The pieces of paper aggregated to form a mass having a minor axis of 4 to 15 mm, and remained on the dispersion plate. The paper piece residual ratio in the recovered material obtained by passing through the through hole and dropping into the recovery container under the dispersion plate was 0.5% by mass (remaining gypsum and soil), which was a good result.

(Example 2)
In the experimental conditions of Example 1, all the experiments were performed under the same conditions except that only the amplitude in the main surface direction was set to 0.1 mm. The experiment passed through the through holes and dropped into the collection container below the dispersion plate. The residual rate of the paper pieces in the obtained recovered product was 0.5% by mass (remaining gypsum and soil), which was a good result.

(Example 3)
The experiment was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the discharge voltage was +58 V. The collected material passed through the through hole and dropped into a collection container below the dispersion plate. The paper piece residual rate in the inside was 0.3% by mass (remaining gypsum and soil), which was a good result. It has been confirmed that this indicates that even if the polarity of the discharge electrode is reversed, the paper piece can be efficiently removed.

Example 4
The experiment was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the through-hole diameter R of the dispersion plate was 10 mm and the distance r between adjacent through-holes was 30 mm. The residual rate of the paper pieces in the recovered product obtained by dropping into the lower recovery container was 0.8% by mass (remaining gypsum and soil). It was confirmed that this example shows that a piece of paper can be efficiently removed if the through hole diameter satisfies the preferred range.

(Example 5)
In the experimental conditions of Example 1, all the experiments were performed under the same conditions except that a frequency of 160 Hz and a vibration amplitude of 0.06 mm were added to the dispersion plate in the vertical direction. The residual ratio of the paper pieces in the recovered product obtained by dropping into the recovery container was 0.2% by mass (remaining gypsum and soil), which was a good result. Under this experimental condition, the value obtained by dividing the amplitude in the principal plane direction by the amplitude in the vertical direction was 5. It was confirmed that a piece of paper can be efficiently removed if the vibrations in the main surface direction and the vertical direction are combined and the ratio of the amplitudes satisfies a preferable range.

(Example 6)
In the experimental conditions of Example 1, all the experiments were performed under the same conditions except that the through-hole diameter of the dispersion plate was 5 mm and the distance between adjacent through-holes was 30 mm. The residual ratio of the paper pieces in the recovered product obtained by dropping into the recovery container was 0.2% by mass (remaining gypsum and soil), which was a good result. This example is an example showing that a piece of paper can be efficiently removed if the distance between the through holes satisfies a preferred range.

(Example 7)
In the experimental conditions of Example 1, the experiment was performed under the same conditions except that the dispersion plate was inclined at an inclination angle of 10 degrees, the amplitude in the inclination direction in the principal surface direction was 0 mm, and the amplitude in the vertical direction was 0.1 mm. The residual rate of the paper pieces in the recovered material obtained by passing through the through hole and dropping into the recovery container under the dispersion plate was 0.3% by mass (remaining gypsum and soil), which was a good result. This is an example showing that when a vibration in the vertical direction is applied with the dispersion plate being inclined, the piece of paper can be efficiently removed if the inclination angle and the amplitude in the vertical direction satisfy the preferred ranges.

(Example 8)
The experiment was performed under the same conditions as in Example 7 except that the vertical amplitude was 1 mm and the frequency was 10 Hz. The experiment was performed by passing through the through-hole and dropping into a collection container below the dispersion plate. The residual rate of the paper pieces in the collected material was 0.6% by mass (remaining gypsum and soil), which was a good result. This is an example showing that when a vertical vibration is applied in a state where the dispersion plate is inclined, a piece of paper can be efficiently removed if the vertical amplitude and frequency satisfy a preferable range.

Example 9
Using the apparatus shown in FIG. 3, the particle charging means, the distance between the electrodes, the raw material, and the vibration means are the same as those in Example 1, and each of the dispersion plate 18a and the dispersion plate 18b is set as a pair and the through-hole diameter is 5 mm Using a stainless steel plate with an area of 19.6 mm ² ) and a distance r between the through holes of 5 mm, the corona discharge voltage is adjusted to −58 kV, and then the raw material is supplied onto the horizontally distributed dispersion plate 18a. A vibration with a frequency of 5 Hz and an amplitude in the main surface direction of 5 mm was applied. At this time, the positions of the through holes of the dispersion plates 18a and 18b coincided with each other at the maximum amplitude, and when an experiment was performed, the recovery obtained by passing through the through holes and dropping into a recovery container below the dispersion plate The residual rate of paper pieces in the product was 0.2% by mass (remaining gypsum and soil), which was a good result. This is an example showing that a piece of paper can be efficiently removed by combining two dispersion plates in the present invention.

(Example 10)
The experiment was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that dry air generated by an adsorption air dryer was intermittently blown from the bottom toward the lower surface of the dispersion plate 18 at intervals of 8 seconds for 2 seconds. As a result, the residual ratio of the paper pieces in the recovered material obtained by passing through the through hole and dropping into the recovery container under the dispersion plate was 0.1% by mass (remaining gypsum and soil), which was a good result. It was. Thus, it was confirmed that by spraying dry air toward the lower surface of the dispersion plate 18, dispersion and charging of the raw material can be promoted, and as a result, the paper piece can be efficiently removed.

(Example 11)
Under the experimental conditions of Example 1, a vinyl chloride plate having a through hole diameter of 5 mm (opening area 19.6 mm ² ) and a distance r between the through holes of 5 mm was installed parallel to the dispersion plate 18 at a distance of 30 mm below. Between the stainless steel dispersion plate and the vinyl chloride dispersion plate, the dry air generated by the adsorption air dryer was supplied from the outside of the body side surface and sprayed intermittently at intervals of 8 seconds for 2 seconds. The paper piece residual ratio in the recovered material obtained by passing through the through-hole and dropping into the recovery container under the dispersion plate was 0.1% by mass (remaining gypsum and soil), which was a good result. Thus, it was confirmed that by blowing dry air between the two dispersion plates, the dispersion and charging of the raw material can be promoted, and as a result, the paper pieces can be efficiently removed.

(Example 12)
Using the apparatus shown in FIG. 4, the raw material, the dispersion plate 18, and the vibration means were used under the same conditions as in Example 1, and an experiment was performed using a friction charging apparatus as the particle charging means 22. As a result, the paper piece residual ratio in the recovered material obtained by passing through the through hole and dropping into the recovery container under the dispersion plate was 0.8% by mass (remaining gypsum and soil), which was a good result. It was. This is an example showing that a piece of paper can be efficiently removed even if friction charging is used as the charging means.

(Example 13)
Using the apparatus shown in FIG. 4, the raw material has the same conditions as in Example 1, a friction charging device is used for the particle charging means 22, the dispersion plate 18 is a vinyl chloride plate, and the raw material supply half has a through hole. The opposite half is provided with a through hole, the through hole diameter R is 2 mm (opening area: 3.1 mm 2), the distance r between the through holes is 10 mm, and the inclination angle of the dispersion plate 18 is inclined by 3 degrees in the main surface direction. Experiment with a direction amplitude of 3 mm and a vertical amplitude of 0 mm, applying vibration at a frequency of 13 Hz, and continuously supplying dry air generated by an adsorption air dryer from below to the lower surface of the dispersion plate 18 Went. As a result, the paper piece residual ratio in the recovered material obtained by passing through the through hole and dropping into the recovery container under the dispersion plate was 0.8% by mass (remaining gypsum and soil), which was a good result. It was. This is an example showing that a piece of paper can be efficiently removed even if a non-conductive dispersion plate is used and frictional charging is used as the charging means.

(Comparative Example 1)
According to FIG. 1, the vibration means is made by NTN, vibration feeder S10, and the company, vibration controller K-ECG25, and the dispersion plate 18 has a through hole diameter R of 5 mm and a distance r between the through holes of 5 mm. Using a stainless steel plate, the mixed material waste consisting of 52 parts by weight of gypsum, 7 parts by weight of paper, and 41 parts by weight of soil is pulverized with Wonder Blender WB-1 and classified 1. The particle size is 18 mm, and the particle charging means is the same corona discharge electrode connected to Green Techno high voltage power supply GT100. The distance between the electrodes is 60 mm. After adjusting the corona discharge voltage to -58 kV, the raw material was dropped and supplied from the raw material loading plate onto the horizontally arranged dispersion plate 18 and subjected to an experiment for 5 minutes without vibrating the dispersion plate. Aggregation did not occur, and the amount of gypsum and soil falling below the dispersion plate was very small. This comparative example is an example showing that even if the raw material is charged, if it is not vibrated, the product cannot be obtained efficiently.

(Comparative Example 2)
In Comparative Example 1, when a corona discharge voltage was not applied and a vibration having a frequency of 160 Hz and a main surface direction amplitude of 0.3 mm was applied to the dispersion plate for 5 minutes, almost all of the raw material dropped downward from the through holes of the dispersion plate. The raw material did not remain on the dispersion plate. At this time, the residual rate of the paper piece in the product was 7.0%. In this comparative example, when corona discharge is not applied even if vibration is applied, the pieces of paper cannot be aggregated and remain on the dispersion plate, and the pieces of paper and gypsum and soil cannot be separated efficiently. It is an example which shows.

  Table 1 summarizes the results of the above examples and comparative examples.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, gypsum can be isolate | separated with high efficiency from the earth-and-sand system mixed waste containing a waste gypsum board. Specifically, the paper mixed in the gypsum collected after selection can be made 5 mass% or less. In this case, hydrogen sulfide is hardly generated even if water (rain water or the like) and sulfate-reducing bacteria coexist. Moreover, since the separated gypsum can be reused as a coagulant or the like, it is preferable. Also, gypsum can be handled as a stable industrial waste, which is preferable.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Sediment-type mixed waste 3 Separation material 5 Powder raw material 10 Sorting device 12 of this invention Crushing means 14 Grain size adjusting means 16 Raw material supply means 18, 18a, 18b Dispersion plate 185 Through hole 20 Excitation means 22 Particle charging means 24 Energy generation means A Gypsum B Paper R Diameter of through-hole r Distance between through-hole θ Dispersion plate angle

Claims (9)

Pulverizing means for pulverizing earth and sand mixed waste containing waste gypsum board, and discharging separation materials including gypsum and paper derived from the waste gypsum board;
A particle size adjusting means for discharging a portion of the specific particle size in the material to be separated as a powder raw material;
A dispersion plate having a plurality of through-holes of a size through which a part of the powder raw material can pass on the main surface;
Vibration means for vibrating the dispersion plate;
A raw material supply means for supplying the powder raw material discharged from the particle size adjusting means onto the dispersion plate;
Particle charging means for charging the powder raw material before and / or after being supplied from the raw material supply means onto the dispersion plate;
Energy generating means for supplying energy to the particle charging means;
Have
By vibrating the powder raw material charged by the action of the particle charging means through the dispersion plate, the gypsum contained in the powder raw material passes through the through-holes of the dispersion plate, and by the action of gravity. On the other hand, the paper contained in the powder raw material remains on the dispersion plate, so that gypsum and paper can be separated. apparatus.   The earth and sand mixed waste sorting apparatus including the waste gypsum board according to claim 1, wherein the particle charging means is a corona discharge device or a friction charging device.   The earth-and-sand mixture containing the waste gypsum board according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the dispersion plate is inclined with respect to the horizontal so that the portion to which the powder raw material is supplied from the raw material supply means is the highest. Waste sorting equipment.   The earth and sand containing waste gypsum board according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the particle size adjusting means is a sieve that discharges a portion having a particle size of 0.01 to 10 mm in the material to be separated as a powder raw material. Sorting device for mixed waste.   In the said dispersion | distribution board, the diameter of the said through-hole is 2-10 mm, and the distance between adjacent through-holes is 2-30 mm, The earth-and-sand type mixing containing the waste gypsum board in any one of Claims 1-4 Waste sorting equipment.   The said dispersion | distribution board is arrange | positioned as 1 set so that a main surface may face two sheets up and down, and only one said dispersion | distribution board is vibrated by the said excitation means. Sorting equipment for earth and sand mixed waste including waste gypsum board.   The sorting apparatus for earth-and-sand mixed waste containing waste gypsum board according to claim 6, wherein the dispersion plate is installed in the range of 1 to 5 groups.   The vibration of the dispersion plate has an amplitude of 0.1 to 30 mm and a frequency of 2 to 200 Hz in the main surface direction, an amplitude of 0.01 to 10 mm and a frequency of 10 to 300 Hz in the vertical direction. The sorting apparatus of the earth-and-sand system mixed waste containing the waste gypsum board in any one of 1-7.   Sorting of earth-and-sand mixed waste containing waste gypsum board according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising drying means for spraying dry air continuously or intermittently from below toward the lower surface of the dispersion plate. apparatus.

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