JP2016054646A - Power generator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a compact electrostatic power generator that can be mounted easily on various electronic apparatus.SOLUTION: A power generator is constituted of a first rocking member including a first electrode, a second electrode arranged oppositely to the first electrode, and a charged body provided in one of the first electrode or second electrode, and generates power by relative rocking of the first electrode and second electrode. Furthermore, an elastic member for holding the first rocking member and being rocked by external vibration is provided, the elastic member and first rocking member are arranged at the same height position, and the first rocking member is pivotally supported in the center thereof.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

  The present invention relates to a power generation device using electrostatic induction.

  A conventional power generator includes a pair of electrodes facing each other, a power generator having a structure in which a rotary weight is connected to one electrode with a gear and the electrode is rotated by rotation of the rotary weight by external vibration. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).

  As shown in FIG. 5 of Patent Document 1, the conventional power generation apparatus includes a first electrode, a second electrode having an electret layer as a charging layer, and a rotating weight, and the rotating weight and the electrode are connected with a gear. It is configured to be connected by the configured speed increasing mechanism.

  In the prior art, when a vibration is applied from the outside, the rotating weight rotates, and the speed increasing mechanism increases the number of rotations of the rotating weight to rotate the first electrode, thereby generating electrostatic induction between two opposing electrodes. It has a structure to generate electricity.

Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2011-72070 (FIG. 5)

  The power generation device described in Patent Document 1 has a structure in which a rotating weight is rotated by externally applied vibration, and one electrode is rotated by increasing the number of rotations by a speed increasing mechanism. When there is no external vibration, the rotating spindle stops rotating and power generation stops.

  In addition, the rotating weight cannot be rotated unless a large vibration that moves the rotating weight is generated, and when the small vibration is generated, the rotating weight cannot be rotated and power generation may not be performed.

  Further, since the resonance frequency is determined by the weight of the rotating weight, when vibrations other than the resonance frequency occur, the rotating weight hardly rotates and power generation is not performed.

  Furthermore, since the rotating weight is connected to a speed increasing mechanism composed of a plurality of gears, friction of each gear is generated, and the speed increasing mechanism cannot be moved unless the weight of the rotating weight is increased. It is difficult to reduce the size, and the overall size of the power generation device increases.

  As is clear from the above, the power generation device described in Patent Document 1 cannot generate power unless vibrations other than the resonance frequency occur, and when the vibration stops, the rotation of the electrodes also stops and power generation stops. End up.

  Therefore, the object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, generate power with large or small external vibrations, generate power with respect to external vibrations of lower frequency, and continue to vibrate for a while even when the vibration stops. Provided are a power generation apparatus and a power generation apparatus that have a mechanism and can generate power for a longer time than before.

In order to solve the above problems, the power generation device of the present invention includes:
A first oscillating member comprising a first electrode;
A second electrode disposed opposite the first electrode;
Also first electrode and a charging member provided in one of said second electrodes,
A power generation device that generates power by relative swinging of the first electrode and the second electrode, and has an elastic member that holds the first swinging member and swings by external vibration. And
The elastic member and the first swing member are disposed at the same height, and the first swing member is pivotally supported at the center thereof.

  By adopting the above configuration, it is possible to realize a power generation device suitable for a small portable device such as a watch, which can continue power generation even with a small external vibration, has a small number of parts, and can be reduced in size and weight. In addition, it is possible to realize a power generation apparatus and a power generation device that can generate power even with respect to low-frequency external vibrations, and that can continue to generate power for a longer time than before because the vibrations continue for a while even when external vibrations stop. .

It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the rocking | swiveling member used in the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the rocking | swiveling member used in the modification of the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the rocking | swiveling member used in the modification of the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the electric power generating apparatus used in the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the positional relationship of the electrode of the electric power generating apparatus used in the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the electric power generating apparatus used in the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic which shows the mode of a vibration of the electric power generating apparatus used in the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the electric power generating apparatus used with the modification of the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic which shows the mechanism of the electric power generation of the electric power generating apparatus used in the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic which shows the mechanism of the electric power generation of the electric power generating apparatus used in the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the whole structure of the electric power generating apparatus used in the 4th Embodiment of this invention.

  The power generator of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

[First Embodiment]
First, a basic embodiment of the present invention will be described as a first embodiment.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a structure of a swing member of a power generator used in the present invention.
In the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, reference numeral 10 denotes a first oscillating member, which includes a first electrode 11 and a first weight 12 disposed on the outer periphery of the first electrode 11. Become.

  The first rocking member 10 is connected to a shaft 14 disposed in the opening 16 via an elastic member 13, and is configured to rock around the shaft 14 by external vibration.

  The elastic member 13 also plays a role of holding the first swing member 10.

  The first electrode 11 that is a constituent member of the first swing member 10 of the first embodiment is configured to have both the function of a mechanical element that performs a swing motion and the function of an electrical element as an electrode. ing. Therefore, it is comprised with electroconductive materials, such as iron, stainless steel, and copper.

  In addition, it is good also as a structure which comprises the part of the rocking | fluctuation body as a mechanical element with a nonelectroconductive resin material or a circuit board, for example, and provides an electrode in this nonelectroconductive rocking | swiveling body.

  Further, the charging body 15 is formed on the lower surface of the first electrode 11. The charged body 15 is arranged at intervals in a circular manner in order to perform AC power generation described later. An opening 16 is provided between the charged bodies 15 for weight reduction.

  For the charged body 15, a material that is easily charged is used. For example, silicon oxide (SiO 2) or a fluororesin material is used as a negatively charged material. Specifically, as a negatively charged material, there is CYTOP (registered trademark), which is a fluororesin material manufactured by Asahi Glass.

  Further, as the material of the charged body 15, for example, polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinyldendifluoride ( PVDF), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), and the like, and the above-described silicon oxide (SiO 2), silicon nitride (SiN), and the like can be used as the inorganic material.

Further, as a method of giving charge to the charged body 15, there is a method of holding negative charge in the charged body 15 using corona discharge. As a method of corona discharge, a negative charge is applied to the charged body 15 by applying a voltage of about −2000 V to −8000 V to a corona discharge needle fixed at a distance of several mm from the charged body 15. To charge.

  In the following embodiment, description will be made assuming that the charged body 15 is negatively charged.

  In the present embodiment, the case where the charged body 15 is provided on the first electrode 11 of the first swing member 10 will be described. The charged body 15 is formed on the surface of the second electrode 40 which is a counter electrode described later. It may be formed.

  The first weight 12 disposed on the outer peripheral portion of the first electrode 11 may be made of the same material as the first electrode 11, but may be made of a heavy metal material such as copper or lead. Good. Since the weight balance of the entire first oscillating member 10 is offset by the first weight 12, the first oscillating member 10 is caused to oscillate around the shaft 14 by receiving external vibration. Can do.

  Further, although the first weight 12 is arranged on the outer peripheral portion of the first electrode 11, it may be attached to the surface near the outer peripheral portion of the first electrode 11. In this case, the plane area can be reduced by the amount of the first weight 12.

  The elastic member 13 connected to the first electrode 11 and the shaft 14 is configured using a spring material such as piano wire or carbon steel. In addition, when a spiral spring is used as in this embodiment, the resonance frequency of vibration can be changed by adjusting the length of the spring, and can be adjusted according to external vibration received by the mounted device. . For example, the resonance frequency can be lowered by increasing the length of the spiral spring, and the resonance frequency can be increased by shortening the length of the spiral spring.

  Further, when a spiral spring is used for the elastic member 13 as in the present embodiment, a long spring can be accommodated in a small space, so that the first swing member 10 can be reduced in size, and the resonance can be reduced even in a small size. Can correspond to frequency.

  Therefore, even if the first weight 12 arranged on the outer peripheral portion of the first electrode 11 is small and light, it can be combined with the elastic member 13 to reduce vibrations such as a low frequency of several Hz generated by human walking. A sufficiently resonating structure can be obtained, and a swing motion can be caused in the first swing member 10.

  Further, even when the vibration from the outside stops, the rocking motion due to the deformation of the elastic member 13 continues for a while until it completely stops. Therefore, the rocking motion of the first rocking member 10 is performed even after the external vibration stops. It can be continued for a while, and the power generation time can be extended.

  Next, the structure of the power generator of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the power generator of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing the positional relationship of the electrodes of the power generator of the present invention.

  First, the structure of the power generator of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, the second electrode 40 is disposed opposite to the first electrode 11. The second electrode 40 is formed on the surface of the fixed substrate 41.

  The gap between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 40 is arranged with a gap of 10 to 200 microns. In electrostatic induction power generation, the voltage induced is higher when the gap between the electrodes is narrower, so the gap should be as narrow as possible.

  The fixed substrate 41 is formed of a non-conductive resin material or the like, and for example, a polyimide or a glass epoxy plate is used. The second electrode 40 is made of a conductive material such as iron, stainless steel, or copper, and although not shown, a wiring is formed of a conductive material on the fixed substrate 41 and connected to an electric circuit or the like to be described later. It can be done.

  Next, the positional relationship between the charging body 15 and the second electrode will be described using the perspective view of FIG.

  First, as shown in FIG. 5 (a), the positional relationship between the charging body 15 and the second electrode 40 of the power generator of the present invention is such that the first swinging member 10 depends on the rotational position of the first swinging member 10. The second electrode 40 disposed on the fixed substrate 41 facing the disposed charged body 15 is disposed so as to overlap.

  FIG. 5B shows a state in which the first swing member 10 is rotated by one electrode from the state of FIG. In this state, the opening 16 provided in the first oscillating member 10 and the second electrode 40 on the fixed substrate 41 overlap with each other, and the charged body 15 is located between the second electrodes 40. It is like that.

  With this arrangement, the power generation device of the present invention has a state where the charging body 15 and the second electrode 40 overlap with each other when the first swinging member 10 swings. It can be repeated alternately. By doing so, it becomes possible to induce and release charges on the surface of the second electrode 40 by an electrostatic induction phenomenon, and to function as a power generator.

[Modification of First Embodiment]
As the elastic member 13, in addition to the spiral spring shown in FIG.

  FIG. 2 shows another configuration example of the first swing member 10 shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 2, even if the elastic member 13 connecting the first electrode 11 and the shaft 14 is a leaf spring, the first swinging member can swing by external vibration.

  2 has an advantage that the elastic member 13 can be configured more easily than the spiral spring of FIG.

FIG. 3 shows another configuration example of the first swing member.
The first electrode 11 of the first oscillating member 10 shown in FIG. 3 is directly connected to the shaft 14 and is connected to an external support 30 by a spring-shaped elastic member 13. Even in such a configuration, the first swinging member 10 can cause a swinging motion by the expansion and contraction of the elastic member 13.

  In the case of the configuration shown in FIG. 3, no spring is arranged on the central axis, so that the configuration near the central axis can be simplified.

[Second Embodiment]
Next, a second embodiment different from the power generator shown in FIG. 4 will be described with reference to FIG.

  In the second embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the material of the second electrode, the gap with the first electrode, and the like are the same as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, but unlike the embodiment shown in FIG. The second rocking member 60 is disposed so as to face the rocking member 10.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the second swing member 60 has a structure in which the second electrode 40 is formed on the swing substrate 61. Further, the second weight 62 is disposed on the outer peripheral portion of the swing substrate 61. With such a structure, both electrodes swing.

  Further, the first weight 12 and the second weight 62 disposed on the first rocking member 10 and the second rocking member 60 are disposed at positions opposite to the shaft 14. With such a structure, the first swing member 10 and the second swing member 60 can always be swung in opposite directions of rotation by external vibration.

  FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the vibration of the swing member in the embodiment of FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 7, in the state where the first weight 12 and the second weight 62 are diagonally arranged as in the present embodiment, when an external vibration direction 70 indicated by an arrow occurs, The first weight 12 and the second weight 62 swing in the direction of the swing direction 71 of the weight indicated by the arrow. At this time, since the first weight 12 and the second weight 62 are arranged on the opposite sides of the respective swing members, the first swing member 10 and the second swing member 60 have the reverse swing. Dynamic movement will occur.

  Even if the external vibration direction 70 is a vibration in a direction different from the direction shown in FIG. 6, the first weight 12 and the second weight 62 are diagonally positioned, so that the rocking is always reversed. It can cause dynamic vibration.

Thus, by swinging the first rocking member 10 and the second rocking member 60 in the opposite directions, each electrode is fixed as compared with the case where one side is fixed and does not rotate as in the embodiment shown in FIG. Can be doubled, and the effect of doubling the swing motion of the first swing member 10 can be obtained. As the swinging motion increases, the output waveform increases, so that the amount of power generation can be increased.

[Modification of Second Embodiment]
Next, FIG. 8 shows a configuration in which the opposing electrodes are swung by reverse rotation by a configuration different from that in FIG.

  In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, unlike the embodiment of FIG. 4, the movable substrate 80 provided with the second electrode 40 facing the first rocking member 10 is connected by a reversing gear 81.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the movable substrate 80 is fixed to the shaft 14 by a bearing 82 and can rotate. Accordingly, when the first swing member 10 rotates, the reversing gear 81 rotates in the movable substrate 80, and the movable substrate 80 can be rotated in the direction opposite to the first swing member 10.

  In the embodiment of FIG. 8, the reverse gear 81 is configured by one gear, but may be configured by using a plurality of gears. In any case, the first oscillating member 10 and the movable substrate 80 are configured to be rotated in the opposite directions.

  Even with this configuration, the opposing electrodes can be rotated in the reverse direction, and the amount of power generation can be increased.

[Third Embodiment]
Next, the connection between the power generation device and the electric circuit in the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the dotted line AA ′ in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 9, in the third embodiment, the output is taken out only from the second electrode 40 side. With this configuration, the first swing member 10 does not need to be wired for output, and the first swing member 10 only needs to perform a swing motion, so that the structure can be simplified. can do.

  In this example, the case where the power generation device shown in FIG. 4 is used will be described. However, when the power generation device of the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 or FIG. 8 is used, the second electrode 40 also performs a swinging motion. In order to connect the second electrode 40 to the circuit, the electrical circuit is connected by using a method of performing electrical connection while rotating using a brush electrode or the like.

  In any case, it is only necessary to take out the wiring only from the second electrode 40, and the wiring can be simplified as compared with the case where the wiring is taken out from the first swing member 10.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the wiring 90 taken out from the second electrode 40 on the fixed substrate 41 is connected to a rectifier circuit 92 using a diode 91 and further connected to a power storage member 93 using a capacitor or a secondary battery. It is connected.

  The voltage output from the second electrode 40 is an alternating current waveform because electrostatic induction is alternately generated by the swing of the first swing member 10. Specifically, the polarity of the second electrode 40 in the position facing the charging body 15 formed on the first swing member 10 is opposite to that of the second electrode 40 in the position not facing the charging body 15. Therefore, each wiring 90 is connected to the input terminal of the rectifier circuit 92.

The AC waveform output from the power generation device is converted into DC by the rectifier circuit 92 and is stored in the power storage member 93.
Will be charged. Further, if the electricity enough to drive the electronic device circuit 94 connected to the subsequent stage is charged, the subsequent electronic device circuit 94 can be driven.

  Next, a power generation method of the power generation apparatus according to the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

  First, in the state of the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 40 shown in FIG. 10A, the charged body 15 is charged on the surface of the second electrode 40 facing the charged body 15 of the first electrode 11. A charge opposite to the charged charge is induced. In this embodiment, since the charged body 15 is negatively charged, a positive charge 100 is induced on the surface of the opposing second electrode 40. Inductive phenomenon does not occur in the second electrode 40 not facing the charged body 15.

  Next, FIG. 10B shows a state when the first rocking member 10 is rotated and moved to the position of one electrode.

In this case, the second electrode 40 in which the positive charge 100 is induced in FIG. 10A is not located at the position of FIG. The positive charge 100 induced in 10 (a) is released and flows through the wiring 90 to the subsequent rectifier circuit. Further, a positive charge 100 is newly induced on the second electrode 40 newly facing the charged body 15 of the first electrode 11 in FIG.

  As the first oscillating member 10 oscillates in this way, charge induction and release alternately occur on the surface of the second electrode 40, and electricity flows to the rectifier circuit at the subsequent stage.

  Power generation can be performed by swinging the first swing member 10 in this way.

[Fourth Embodiment]
Subsequently, the description of the fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the power generator of the present invention housed in the shape of a button battery and packaged to form a power generator.

  FIG. 11 shows a case where the structure of the power generation device shown in FIG. 4 is packaged as an example.

  As shown in FIG. 11, a circuit board 111 on which a rectifier circuit 92 and a power storage member 93 are placed is arranged on the bottom surface inside a cylindrical package housing 110, and the power generator shown in FIG. 4 is arranged thereon. It has become. In the present embodiment, the second electrode 40 side is disposed on the bottom side where the circuit board 111 is located. Although not shown in detail, the second electrode 40 is electrically connected to the circuit board 111 and the output wiring 112 so as to be connected to the rectifier circuit 92.

  Further, both ends of the shaft 14 are fixed to the lid 113 and the circuit board 111, respectively.

  Next, the connection between the housing and the lid electrode when packaged will be described.

  A positive wiring 114 that is electrically connected to the package housing 110 from an electrode corresponding to the positive electrode of the power storage member 93 of the circuit board 111 is connected to make the package housing 110 a positive electrode.

Further, the electrode corresponding to the negative pole of the power storage member 93 of the circuit board 111 is electrically connected using the lid 113 and the negative wiring 115. Further, the lid 113 is fixed to the package housing 110 via an insulating member 116, and the package housing 110 and the lid 113 are electrically insulated. In this way, the lid 113 can be a negative pole.

  By adopting such a structure, the power generation device package of the present invention can be made into an electrode having the same structure as that of a general button battery. Can do.

  Therefore, the power generation device of the present invention can be used for a device that uses a primary battery type button battery, and by replacing the button battery with the power generation device of the present invention, self-power generation that is easily generated by vibration and driven is possible. A drive-type electronic device can be obtained.

  In the case of the power generation device of the prior art, since a rotating weight is required, the entire size is increased, and it is necessary to incorporate a very small bearing device. Therefore, it is impossible to realize a battery type power generation device like this embodiment. there were.

  On the other hand, in the case of the present embodiment, since it can be realized with a simple configuration in which the center pivotally supported oscillating body is simply supported by a spiral spring, a battery-type power generator having a small size and light weight and good power generation efficiency can be realized.

  Furthermore, in the power generation device of the prior art, it was necessary to enlarge the weight in order to lower the resonance frequency of the rotating weight. However, in this embodiment, a long spring can be wound in a spiral shape to fit in the center of the electrode, so However, the resonance frequency can be lowered.

  As is clear from the above description, after using the power generation device and the power generation apparatus of the present invention, after resonating with low-frequency external vibration generated by human walking or the like, and after stopping the external vibration However, it is possible to create a power generator that continues to generate electricity with vibrations for a while.

  Therefore, the power generation time can be made longer than before, and more power can be generated.

  Furthermore, the number of parts can be reduced as compared with the conventional example, and it becomes possible to make a small button battery type power generating device which was difficult in the past.

  In addition, by using a power generation device in which the power generation device of the present invention is packaged in the shape of a button battery in an electronic device using a primary battery, a self-power generation drive type electronic device that easily generates power by vibration and is driven is used. Is possible.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 1st rocking | fluctuation member 11 1st electrode 12 1st weight 13 Elastic member 14 Axis 15 Charger 16 Opening 30 Support body 40 2nd electrode 41 Fixed board | substrate 60 2nd rocking | fluctuation member 61 Swing board | substrate 62 Second weight 70 Vibrating direction from the outside 71 Swing direction of the weight 80 Movable substrate 81 Inverting gear 82 Bearing 90 Wiring 91 Diode 92 Rectifier circuit 93 Power storage member 94 Electronic device circuit 100 Plus charge 110 Package housing 111 Circuit board 112 Output Wiring 113 Lid 114 Plus wiring

Claims (4)

A first oscillating member comprising a first electrode;
A second electrode disposed opposite the first electrode;
A charged body provided on one of the first electrode or the second electrode,
A power generation device that generates power by relative swinging of the first electrode and the second electrode, and has an elastic member that holds the first swinging member and swings by external vibration. And
The power generation device, wherein the elastic member and the first swing member are disposed at the same height position, and the first swing member is pivotally supported at the center thereof . The power generation apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the elastic member is connected between the first swing member and an external support . The first electrodes are arranged at intervals in a circular pattern;
The power generation device according to claim 1, wherein an opening is provided between the first electrodes. The charging body power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that <br/> said Ru formed on the first electrode of the first oscillating member.

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