JP2015224795A - Generator for fuel gas from organic materials and utilization of heat of same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a heat pump including a pyrolysis reactor generating self-combustion concentration gas by continuing pyrolysis in the reactor by inflow of appropriate magnetized air into the reactor, and a combustor coupled to the pyrolysis reactor.SOLUTION: A heat pump 1 comprises: an ashing furnace 11 including a first heat source 21 and an air inlet 113, accommodating organic waste I, and performing a pyrolysis process and an ashing process on the organic waste I; a combustor 12 including a second heat source 22 and an air inlet 123, subjecting exhaust gas G generated by the pyrolysis process on the organic waste I in the ashing furnace 11 to self-combustion by the second heat source 22, and maintaining the self-combustion even after cutting off the second heat source 22; an air blower 13 appropriately supplying air A to the air inlet 113 of the ashing furnace 11 and to the air inlet 123 of the combustor 12; and a magnetizing device disposed between the air blower 13 and the air inlet 113 of the ashing furnace 11 and magnetizing the air A from the air blower 13.

Description

  The present invention relates to a pyrolysis furnace for generating self-combustion concentration gas by continuing thermal decomposition in the furnace by inflow of proper magnetized air into the furnace, a combustor connected to the pyrolysis furnace, and heat utilization thereof About.

  In recent years, because of concern for environmental issues, so-called industrial waste has been recycled and the recycling rate has improved, but the disposal of waste containing organic matter is not only complicated but also in the case of volume reduction treatment by incineration. There are many problems such as dioxin generation, and it is the actual situation that a great deal of labor and energy has been invested in waste recycling and volume reduction.

  In Japan, the waste incineration system under the Waste Management Law stabilizes collected waste (such as mineralizing organic matter) and renders it harmless (decomposes, removes, and kills harmful substances and pathogenic organisms). It is defined as reducing the volume and volume, effectively using the incinerated ash, etc., or disposing it in a sanitary manner, and effectively using the residual heat. The basic structure of this incineration treatment system can be summarized in terms of the principle of treatment. A system that directly burns organic matter in industrial waste (referred to as “basic system I”) and organic matter in industrial waste are gasified by pyrolysis. Then, the system is roughly divided into two systems (hereinafter referred to as “basic system II”) that burn the generated gas in another space. The basic system I is a system that directly reacts organic matter in industrial waste with supplied oxygen. On the other hand, the basic system II is a system in which organic matter in industrial waste is gasified by thermal decomposition in a non- (low) oxygen atmosphere, and then the generated gas is reacted with supplied oxygen in another space. A system that recovers a reformed gas such as fuel by reforming a part of the generated gas by partial combustion with supply oxygen (cracking accompanied by combustion) corresponds to this.

  Recently, a treatment technique for thermally decomposing organic substances at a relatively low temperature has been developed, and organic wastes can be disposed of without generating harmful substances such as dioxins. In this treatment technique, an organic substance is put into a treatment tank in which outside air is blocked, the organic substance is heated, and air (magnetized air) magnetized to the treatment tank is suppressed. Magnetized air has the property of causing a violent thermal decomposition reaction with organic carbon molecules because oxygen is activated by a magnetic force. As a result, the organic matter is oxidatively decomposed into water, ash, and gas. Patent Document 1 discloses a method in which, for example, a small-scale incinerator or the like arranges a magnet at the air intake port from the outside and naturally takes in the magnetized air into the incinerator and incinerates or pyrolyzes it. .

  Further, the organic matter processing apparatus according to Patent Document 2 is connected to a treatment tank that heats the introduced organic matter and suppresses the supply of magnetized air to thermally decompose, and burns the gas generated by decomposition from the organic matter. An organic matter processing apparatus having a combustion processing mechanism having a burner is described. And according to this organic substance processing apparatus, the gas decomposed | disassembled from organic substance shall be detoxified and brominated by the combustion process by the flame of the oil burner of a combustion processing mechanism.

Patent No. 4008181 JP 2010-5581 A

  However, according to the thermal decomposition method according to Patent Document 1, since the air is a natural air supply / exhaust method and the air is extremely squeezed by the air regulating valve, water vapor generated together with the treatment generated gas in the furnace is appropriate for natural discharge. Water is condensed on the inner wall of the furnace, and the condensed moisture falls from the wall to the bottom of the incinerator and wets the incineration floor from the inner wall of the furnace, reducing the incineration area over time and processing capacity. Have the problem of falling. In addition, since air is directly taken into the incinerator directly from the external air intake and the amount of air is reduced by the adjustment valve, the amount of air is only small near the intake and does not reach the entire incinerator. Air having a low outside air temperature lowers the temperature of the organic matter in the incinerator near the intake, which has a problem that the processing capacity of the incinerator is lowered and a stable treatment cannot be obtained. In the organic substance processing apparatus according to Patent Document 2, since the fuel cost of the oil burner of the combustion processing mechanism is increased, there is a problem that the operation cost becomes high.

  Furthermore, in general biomass boilers, firstly, the mass of carbide called clinker is large, secondly, the maintenance cost due to furnace deterioration due to direct combustion heat is large, and thirdly, cracking in the pyrolysis furnace. In addition, it takes time, and harmful exhaust gas generated during decomposition cannot be efficiently treated. As a fourth problem, as a method of treating exhaust gas, since the feature that the secondary combustion is performed by the burner but the fossil fuel is not used is lost, it is handled as an incinerator and the Fire Service Act must be notified. Further, in other exhaust gas treatment apparatuses, cost effectiveness is a problem in terms of cost.

  In other words, biomass boilers that directly burn industrial waste and its recycled fuel, and thermal cracking furnaces that continue thermal decomposition in the furnace by inflow of magnetized air using convection in the furnace are not widely used. . Furthermore, there is no pyrolysis furnace developed for the purpose of converting organic substances into self-combustion concentration gas by pyrolysis and utilizing the thermal energy of the gas.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, a pyrolysis furnace for generating self-combustion concentration gas by continuing thermal decomposition in the furnace by inflow of appropriate magnetized air into the furnace, and the pyrolysis furnace It is an object of the present invention to provide a heat pump provided with a pyrolysis furnace that does not correspond to the basic system I or the basic system II of the incineration processing system described above.

  As a result of intensive studies on the above problems, the present inventor has found that self-combustion concentration gas is generated by appropriately supplying air magnetized above the critical point into the furnace, and the present invention has been achieved. That is, it has been found that the amount of gas generated in the furnace increases as the thermal decomposition rate increases. Here, “appropriate” refers to the amount of air that does not cause flames in the furnace. Therefore, it is preferable to supply the maximum amount of air as long as the combustion products do not generate flame.

  A heat pump according to the present invention is an ashing furnace comprising a first heat source and an air supply port, containing an organic waste, pyrolyzing the organic waste and ashing the ashing furnace, A combustor including a second heat source and an air supply port, wherein the second waste heat source self-combusts exhaust gas generated by pyrolyzing the organic waste in the ashing furnace; A combustor that maintains self-combustion even after the heat source is shut off, a blower that appropriately supplies air to the inlet of the ashing furnace and the inlet of the combustor, the blower and the ashing furnace And a magnetizing device that magnetizes air from the blower. The first heat source described above is used until the ambient temperature reaches the operating temperature after ignition, and the power is shut off after reaching the operating temperature. Preferably, the first heat source is used after ignition until a part of the organic waste in the vicinity starts thermal decomposition, and then the power source is shut off. The second heat source is used after ignition until the exhaust gas reaches the self-combustion concentration, and after the self-combustion concentration is reached, the power source is shut off.

  The ashing furnace has an organic waste charging port provided at the top thereof, an open / close lid that covers the organic waste inlet, and a drying shelf that forms a waste accumulation space for horizontally connecting the inside thereof to dry the organic waste. And a gas generation space in which organic waste is pyrolyzed by a first heat source to generate gas, and an ash outlet is provided on an arbitrary bottom surface of the gas generation space below the waste accumulation space. Good.

  As organic waste, RPF or wood chips or pellets can be used directly.

  The magnetized air may be generated using a permanent magnet.

  According to the heat pump of the present invention, any organic substance can be used as the fuel. For example, when using RPF or woody waste, not only pellets but also chips can be used, and any organic matter such as tires, plastics, and vinyl chloride can be used. By using such organic waste, the fuel cost can be halved.

  According to the heat pump of the present invention, the heater is turned off after the ignition, so that the power consumption during operation is only the air supply fan, the operation at a low cost can be realized, and the running cost can be reduced. Also. Since it is not a boiler because it uses the exhaust heat of the self-combusting gas, it is not necessary for the business operator to have a boiler handling qualification, and there is no regulation such as the Fire Service Act or the Air Pollution Act, so there is no need to report to the administrative agency There is.

  According to the heat pump of the present invention, there is an advantage that the organic matter is reduced to ceramic ash by thermal decomposition, and the residue of organic waste is reduced.

  Moreover, according to the heat pump of this invention, a dioxin does not generate | occur | produce by 1000 degreeC or more combustion, and there exists a merit that there is no pollution. In addition, since no fossil fuel is used, there is a merit that it leads to carbon dioxide reduction.

  Moreover, according to the heat pump of this invention, since it is gasification instead of direct combustion of organic substance, there exists a merit that a clinker like what is seen in a biomass boiler is not produced | generated. Furthermore, since the temperature in the ashing furnace is low and the life of the furnace is long, the maintenance fee is reduced.

  Finally, according to the heat pump of the present invention, in the ashing furnace, hydrogen or carbon monoxide combustible gas is generated from the water vapor, so that there is an advantage that it can be converted to higher energy than direct combustion.

It is a conceptual diagram which shows the basic composition of the heat pump of this invention. It is a figure which shows the flow until it converts organic substance into fuel gas. It is a figure which shows the flow until it converts organic substance into fuel gas. It is a figure which shows the flow until it is made to self-combust after making the organic substance I into gas G, and is discharged | emitted as the heat X. It is the figure which connected the heat pump of this invention to the heat exchanger.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In each figure, the same number is attached | subjected to the same part, and the overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted. It should also be noted that the drawings may be exaggerated to understand the present invention and are not necessarily shown to scale. In addition, this invention is not limited to the Example shown below.

  Example 1 will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing a basic configuration of a heat pump 1 of the present invention.

  First, the basic configuration of the heat pump 1 of the present invention will be described. Referring to FIG. 1, the heat pump 1 of the present invention mainly includes an ashing furnace 11, a combustor 12, a blower 13, and a magnetizing device 14.

  The ashing furnace 11 has an organic waste input port 114 for introducing organic waste at the top thereof, an open / close lid 115 for covering the organic waste input port 114, and an inner side thereof horizontally connected to dry the organic waste. A drying shelf 116 that forms the drying space 110a, a gas generation space 110b that thermally decomposes organic waste to generate gas, and an ash on an arbitrary bottom surface of the gas generation space 110b are provided below the drying shelf 116. An outlet 117 and a door 118 for opening and closing the outlet 117 are provided. The heat treatment space 110b is provided with a first heat source 21 for thermally decomposing organic waste, and an air supply port 113 for magnetized air A supplied from a blower 13 described later. In addition, the ashing furnace 11 includes a first exhaust port 111 for discharging water vapor and odor generated in the process of drying organic waste in the drying space 110a on an arbitrary side of the drying space 110a, The upper side surface of the gas generation space 110b is provided with a second exhaust port 112 for discharging the gas G generated in the process of thermally decomposing organic waste.

  The combustor 12 includes a second heat source 22 therein, a first inlet 121 that receives the water vapor V and odor from the first outlet 11 of the ashing furnace 11 through a pipe 41, and an ashing furnace. The second inflow port 122 that receives the gas G from the eleventh second discharge port 112 through the pipe 42 is provided, and these are self-combusted. The heat X generated by self-combustion is discharged through the discharge port 124.

  The blower 13 blows air to the ashing furnace 11 and the combustor 12 through the supply pipes 51 and 52. Two blowers 13 may be configured to blow air to the ashing furnace 11 and the combustor 12, respectively, or may be configured to blow air to the ashing furnace 11 and the combustor 12. . The magnetizing device 14 is a device that magnetizes the air sent from the blower 13. Magnetized air has the property that oxygen is activated by a magnetic force to cause a violent thermal decomposition reaction with organic carbon molecules. As a result, the organic matter is oxidatively decomposed into water, ash, and gas.

  FIGS. 2 to 4 are diagrams showing a flow until the organic substance I is converted into gas G, self-combusted, and discharged as heat X. FIG. The flow will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. First, as shown in FIG. 2A, the organic matter I to be treated is introduced into the inside through the organic waste inlet 114 by opening the open / close lid 115 of the ashing furnace 11. Then, as shown in FIG. 2B, the input organic substance I is held on the drying shelf 116. When a first heat source 21, which will be described later, is ignited, excess moisture held by the organic substance I in the drying space 110a above the drying shelf 116 can be blown in advance before entering the heat treatment space 110b. The efficiency of thermal decomposition treatment of organic matter can be improved at the time of charging. Excess moisture is transported to the combustor 12 from the first exhaust port 111 through the pipe 41 as steam V together with odor. In addition, as shown in FIG. 4A described later, by providing the drying shelf 116, that is, the drying space 110a, continuous charging or intermittent charging can be performed even during the pyrolysis processing of the organic matter I.

  Refer to FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b). The drying shelf 116 is preferably installed in the ashing furnace 11 so as to be slidable, extendable, or openable in order to put the dried organic matter I into the gas generation space 110b. Next, in the gas generation space 110b, the first heat source 21 is ignited, and when the atmospheric temperature in the ashing furnace 11 reaches the operating temperature, the heat source of the first heat source 21 is turned off. Preferably, after the ignition, the first heat source 21 is used until a part of the organic waste I in the vicinity thereof starts thermal decomposition, and then the heat source is shut off. That is, only a part of the organic matter I is ignited first, and then the heat source is shut off. The organic matter I is sequentially pyrolyzed without applying any heat supply from the first heat source 21. The magnetized air A is appropriately supplied from the blower 13 through the air supply port 113 so that the thermal decomposition process is performed without causing any flames. Here, “appropriate” refers to the amount of air that does not cause flames in the furnace. Therefore, it is preferable to uniformly supply the maximum amount of air in the gas generation space 110b as long as the combustion products do not ignite. By this thermal decomposition treatment, the organic substance I is converted into charcoal (code: C1), converted into ash (code: C2), and finally converted into ceramic ash (code: Ce). That is, since the organic substance I is decomposed to the ceramic ash Ce, the volume of the residue can be reduced as compared with a general incinerator. As shown in FIG. 4A, the ceramic ash Ce is taken out by opening the discharge port opening / closing lid 118 of the residue discharge port 117. In the apparatus 1 of the present invention, it is not necessary to supply any fuel for combustion during the thermal decomposition process in the heat treatment space 110b, and the amount of heat supplied from the thermal decomposition heat source can be greatly reduced. The gas G generated by the thermal decomposition is conveyed from the second exhaust port 112 to the combustor 12 through the pipe 42.

  Reference is made to FIG. The gas G transported from the gas generation space 110b is ignited by the second heat source 22 in the combustor 12, and is combusted together with the water vapor V and odors transported from the dry space 110a. The second heat source 22 is cut off when the gas G reaches the self-combustion concentration. Note that air A is appropriately supplied from the blower 13 through the air supply port 123 into the combustor 12. That is, when the air A is properly supplied, the temperature in the combustor 12 is maintained or increased by self-combustion of the gas G, so that continuous high-temperature combustion is possible, and the generated heat X is It is discharged through the discharge port 124. The air supplied into the combustor 12 may be magnetized air. Boilers installed after July 1, 1999 must be equipped with an “auxiliary combustion device”, but the heat pump 1 according to the present invention is capable of continuous high-temperature combustion without an auxiliary combustion device. As a result, there is no need for an auxiliary burner and it is not subject to boiler regulations.

  In addition, RPF (Refuse Paper and Plastic Fuel) can be used as the organic substance I to be charged. RPF is used as a fossil fuel replacement in paper industry, steel, lime, power generation and other various industrial fields. RPF, which uses waste paper and waste plastic as the main raw material and is a solid fuel with high calorie equivalent to coal and coke, has good quality stability and economy, and has advantages in terms of measures against exhaust gases and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, the amount of magnetized air can be adjusted, the amount of combustion heat can be adjusted, or gasification combustion can be controlled. For this, automatic control by a computer (microcomputer) can be applied.

  Finally, refer to FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram in which the heat pump 1 according to the present invention is connected to the heat exchanger 14. When the heat X mentioned above is put into the heat exchanger 14, the water sent from the water pump is heated, converted into hot water / steam, and the clean air Y is discharged. Therefore, according to the heat pump 1 according to the present invention, since it can be converted into higher energy than direct combustion, the generated heat X is not only used directly as a heat source of the boiler, but also put into the heat exchanger 14 for heat transfer. Can be used for power generation, drying and heating.

  The preferred embodiments of the heat pump according to the present invention have been described above, but it will be understood that various modifications can be made without departing from the technical scope of the present invention.

  According to the heat pump of the present invention, since it can be used as a burner for an existing boiler, for example, hot water supply / heating in a bathhouse / hotel / guest house / welfare facility / nursing care facility, hot water supply / heating in an agricultural / forestry facility such as a greenhouse / vinyl house, etc. It can also be used for hot water supply and heating in livestock facilities such as pig farms and poultry houses, hot water supply and heating in general factories, and snow melting equipment in winter snowfall and snowfall areas. Further, in combination with a heat exchanger, it can be used in a wide range of industrial fields such as power generation and drying.

1 Heat pump
11 Ashing furnace 110a Drying space 110b Gas generation space
111 First outlet
112 Second outlet
113 Air inlet
114 Organic waste inlet
115 Opening / closing lid
116 Drying shelf
117 Residue outlet
118 Drain opening / closing lid
12 Combustor
121 First inlet
122 Second inlet
123 Air inlet
124 outlet
13 Blower
14 Magnetizer
41 First piping
42 Second piping 51 52 Air supply pipe
15 Heat exchanger
A air (magnetized air)
G gas
X heat
I Organic waste
V water vapor
H Hot water / steam
Y Clean air

Claims (7)

An ashing furnace having a first heat source and an air supply port, containing an organic waste, pyrolyzing the organic waste and ashing the ashing furnace,
A combustor including a second heat source and an air supply port, wherein the exhaust gas generated by pyrolyzing the organic waste in the ashing furnace is self-combusted by the second heat source; A combustor that maintains self-combustion after the heat source is shut off;
A blower for properly supplying air to the air inlet of the ashing furnace and the air inlet of the combustor;
A magnetizing device that is disposed between the blower and the air inlet of the ashing furnace and magnetizes air from the blower;
A heat pump comprising:   2. The heat pump according to claim 1, wherein the first heat source is used until the ambient temperature reaches the operating temperature after ignition, and the heat source is shut off after reaching the operating temperature.   The heat pump according to claim 1, wherein the first heat source is used after ignition until a part of the organic waste in the vicinity starts thermal decomposition, and thereafter the heat source is shut off.   The second heat source is used until the exhaust gas reaches a self-combustion concentration after ignition and shuts off the heat source after reaching the self-combustion concentration. heat pump.   The ashing furnace forms the waste accumulation space for drying the organic waste by connecting the inside of the organic waste input port provided at the top and the opening / closing lid for covering the same to the inside horizontally. A drying shelf, a gas generation space for thermally decomposing the organic waste by the first heat source below the waste accumulation space, and an ash outlet provided at an arbitrary lower portion of the side of the gas generation space The heat pump according to any one of claims 1 to 4.   The heat pump according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the magnetized air uses a permanent magnet.   7. The heat pump according to claim 1, wherein RPF or wood chips or pellets can be directly used as the organic waste.

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