JP2015120168A - Ultrasonic generation device, and smoke exhaust device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an ultrasonic generation device and a smoke exhaust device, which can quietly and surely blow smoke or the like away to another place in a short time with a force of sound flow due to a strong sound pressure level.SOLUTION: An ultrasonic generation device comprises: an ultrasonic signal generator which generates an ultrasonic signal; a low frequency signal generator which generates a low frequency signal; an ultrasonic modulator which is inputted with the ultrasonic signal outputted from the ultrasonic signal generator and the low frequency signal outputted from the low frequency signal generator and generates a carrier wave obtained by superimposing the low frequency signal on the ultrasonic signal; an amplifier which amplifies the carrier wave from the ultrasonic modulator; and ultrasonic generation means which generates the ultrasonic wave by inputting the output signal from the amplifier. The ultrasonic generation means is configured by combining a plurality of Langevin elements having diaphragms vibrating in a lattice mode.

Description

  The present invention relates to an ultrasonic generator that emits a strong sound pressure level, and a smoke exhaust device for spatially transporting a gas such as smoke using an acoustic flow emitted from the ultrasonic generator.

  As a means of exhausting smoke, etc., it has traditionally been linked to the facility, partitioning the fire area with a door, and using a smoke exhaust fan, etc. in the partitioned part, exhausting the smoke outside the facility There was a means to make (for example, refer patent document 1).

Japanese Patent No. 4747322

In the technology described in Patent Document 1, a certain space is closed, smoke generated by a fire or the like is discharged to the outside by using a smoke exhausting device such as a ventilating fan, and life is saved.
However, in the event of a disaster such as an actual fire, the underground passage that has become a maze is blocked by a partition such as smoke or a door linked to the smoke exhausting facility, and the evacuation passage is not known, and the disaster is sacrificed. There is a problem that becomes.
Also, even if you call for emergency broadcasting or evacuation at the broadcasting facility, the direction is not known in the smoke, and further, the premature broadcasting is drowned out by the loud noise caused by the fan for exhausting smoke, and the problem that the purpose can not be achieved It was happening.

In addition, indoor equipment regularly circulates air by fan operation to provide steady ventilation, releasing fresh air and odors.
However, fan noise due to ventilation operation has become a problem that disturbs facility users as environmental noise, and large-scale equipment such as a silencer duct is installed before and after the ventilation fan to take measures against noise caused by fluids. I have done it.
Also, as a countermeasure against automobile accidents due to fog generated on mountain roads etc., there was also a countermeasure to wipe off the fog by using the wind by the fan, but because the wind of the fan has no direction, It was effective in the vicinity of the fan, but it was impossible to take a distance measure.

  The present invention, for example, can blow off smoke that has occurred in an emergency and has blocked a passage to another place quietly and reliably in a short time with the force of acoustic flow with a strong sound pressure level. An object is to provide an ultrasonic generator and a smoke exhaust device.

  An ultrasonic generator of the present invention includes an ultrasonic signal generator that generates an ultrasonic signal, a low-frequency signal generator that generates a low-frequency signal, an ultrasonic signal output from the ultrasonic signal generator, An ultrasonic modulator that inputs a low-frequency signal output from the low-frequency signal generator and generates a carrier wave in which the low-frequency signal is superimposed on the ultrasonic signal; and the carrier wave from the ultrasonic modulator And an ultrasonic wave generating means for generating an ultrasonic wave by inputting an output signal from the amplifier, and the ultrasonic wave generating means includes a Langevin element having a diaphragm that vibrates in a lattice mode. It is configured by combining a plurality.

  A signal combined at an arbitrary frequency from the ultrasonic generator having such a device configuration is emitted from the ultrasonic generator into the space with a high sound pressure level. For the space above, due to the dual effect of the ultrasonic signal (carrier wave) whose directionality is controlled more strongly due to the sound radiation range and modulation due to the narrow directivity characteristics, which is a characteristic of ultrasonic waves, Sound emission is performed in a narrow range. When this sound radiation is performed, since the signal is amplified by the amplifier, it is possible to provide acoustic radiation having a strong sound pressure level and concentrating the sound radiation in a very narrow range. Since the low-frequency band signal is also added to the modulator, a low-frequency component signal that originally has a large amplitude is simultaneously emitted from the ultrasonic device into the space. Of course, since the low-frequency signal is propagated while being superimposed on the signal in the ultrasonic band, both the ultrasonic signal and the low-frequency signal are radiated at a high sound pressure level in the space. In addition, an acoustic signal such as voice guidance having an audible purpose by the voice signal reproducing means can also be emitted. Furthermore, the playback content of the audio signal playback means can be used properly according to the purpose.

It is the schematic of the smoke removal means which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a schematic diagram regarding the signal reproduction | regeneration required for the drive of the smoke removal means which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is an example of arrangement | positioning of each ultrasonic element used for the smoke removal means which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a Langevin element and signal form explanatory drawing which are used for the smoke removal means which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the example of installation of the smoke exhaust apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a conceptual diagram which shows an example used for the fog removal means which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is an appendix figure which shows the experimental example of the smoke removal means which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention.

Embodiment 1 FIG.
Hereinafter, Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
First, the apparatus structure of the whole smoke exhaust apparatus using an ultrasonic generator is demonstrated below.
1 and 2 are diagrams showing a smoke exhausting device using an ultrasonic generator. In FIGS. 1 and 2, 100 is an ultrasonic generator comprising a plurality of ultrasonic elements. One member constituting the ultrasonic wave generation means, for example, for oscillating an ultrasonic signal of 20 kHz or more, for example, an ultrasonic element such as a speaker, 3 generates a signal for driving the ultrasonic element An ultrasonic signal generator 5 is a low frequency signal generator for generating a low frequency signal, and 6 is an audio signal regenerator for reproducing an audio signal.

  4 is connected to an ultrasonic signal generator 3, a low frequency signal generator 5, and an audio signal regenerator 6, and signals from these ultrasonic signal generator 3, low frequency signal generator 5 and audio signal regenerator 6 are received. It is an ultrasonic modulator for receiving and modulating into an ultrasonic signal. Reference numeral 7 denotes an amplifier, and the signal from the ultrasonic modulator 4 is connected to the amplifier 7 to amplify the signal from the ultrasonic modulator 4 so that a necessary sound pressure level can be output from each ultrasonic element 2. To do. That is, the ultrasonic generator according to the present invention includes at least the ultrasonic generator 100, the ultrasonic signal generator 3, the low frequency signal generator 5, the ultrasonic modulator 4, and the amplifier 7.

Next, the elements constituting the above apparatus will be described in detail.
The ultrasonic element 2 is a series-parallel connection of a plurality of ultrasonic elements provided with an assembly of a plurality of ultrasonic generation structures for reproducing ultrasonic signals of 20 kHz or higher and a vibration plate that vibrates in a lattice mode. It is configured.
The ultrasonic modulator 4 includes an ultrasonic signal generating means of 20 kHz or higher necessary for driving the ultrasonic element 2 and a low-frequency band signal having a long wavelength that is hardly audible to human ears of 50 Hz or lower, and Is used as a carrier signal by superimposing a sound signal reproducing means for reproducing sound according to the purpose on a basic ultrasonic signal generating means.
The amplifier 7 amplifies the carrier signal so that the carrier signal can be emitted as a high sound pressure level of 130 dB / m or higher with respect to an ultrasonic device constituted by any means.

  Specifically, the ultrasonic modulator 4 modulates the amplitude of the ultrasonic signal generated by the ultrasonic signal generator 3 in order to propagate it far away. That is, it generates a carrier wave from an ultrasonic signal. The fundamental wave as the carrier wave is an ultrasonic signal itself for driving the ultrasonic element 2. And the signal from the low frequency signal generator 5 below 50 Hz is superimposed on this fundamental wave. By doing so, as shown in FIG. 1, low frequency signals of 50 Hz or less are radiated from the respective ultrasonic elements 2 to the space at the same time in the carrier signal by the ultrasonic signal, and the ultrasonic wave The low frequency signal on the carrier wave is also radiated to the space.

The amplitude of the signal generated by the ultrasonic modulator is amplified by the amplifier 7 so that the sound pressure level that can be radiated by the ultrasonic generator 100 is 130 dB or more at a position 1 m away from the ultrasonic modulator 100. Supplied.
The signal component including the low-frequency signal from the low-frequency signal generator 5 emitted from the ultrasonic wave generation means 100 is low-frequency without being acoustically attenuated even at a relatively remote position because the carrier wave is an ultrasonic wave. It has the property of propagating in space while including signals.
This property is a phenomenon in the non-linear region that occurs when handling signals in the ultrasonic band. Low-frequency component signals that are inherently attenuated are also superimposed on the signals in the ultrasonic band, so there is almost no acoustic attenuation. Can propagate in space.
The above propagation characteristics can be obtained because the ultrasonic signal has the characteristic of directivity with excellent linearity, and the acoustic signal propagates straight from each ultrasonic element. This is because there is a feature.

Originally, since the low frequency component has a large amplitude, it is possible to cause a strong pressure fluctuation. However, even if only the low frequency component is conveyed, it is attenuated at a short distance and cannot reach far. However, as in the first embodiment, the low-frequency component can be propagated far away by superimposing the low-frequency component on the ultrasonic component.
In addition to the low-frequency component, a high sound pressure level is reproduced from each ultrasonic element 2 by the ultrasonic wave generation means 100 based on a combination of a plurality of ultrasonic elements 2 with respect to the ultrasonic signal itself that is a carrier wave. Further, since sound emission is performed as a collective by a plurality of combinations, a signal in an ultrasonic band of a high sound pressure level is also emitted in the space while being at an ultrasonic level.

  In this way, the combination of the acoustic signal based on the low-frequency component, which is likely to cause a large pressure fluctuation, and the acoustic signal based on the ultrasonic signal component with high directivity and sharp directivity due to the high sound pressure level. In the space, low frequency component signals with large vibration amplitudes are spatially radiated and propagated at high sound pressure levels with linear directivity with the help of ultrasonic signals as carrier waves. .

  FIG. 3 is a view showing a desirable arrangement example of the ultrasonic elements 2. That is, since the ultrasonic element 2 generates a sparse wave “sparse (a portion where the sound pressure level is negative due to the phase)” for every ½ wavelength, it is determined by the frequency of the ultrasonic element to be used. In order not to cause a phase low level due to the “sparse” portion due to the two wavelengths, it is desirable to arrange the elements for each half wavelength as shown in FIG.

  By constructing an assembly of ultrasonic elements as shown in FIG. 3, an acoustic signal by ultrasonic conveyance including a low-frequency component with a high sound pressure level is emitted in the space. An “acoustic flow” is produced by the pressure level and phase characteristics. That is, an air flow is generated by sound propagation. This flow has a force to move the air around the ultrasonic wave generation unit 100 and uses the flow of the phase of the sound, so that the air around the ultrasonic wave generation unit 100 can move instantaneously. . Therefore, the movement of air due to the acoustic flow can instantaneously move the smoke generated in an emergency in one target direction, and as a result, the smoke is wound around the smoke. The original view can be restored in the space created.

  This conceptual diagram is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, the ultrasonic generator according to the first embodiment is provided in an evacuation route, and is activated at the time of a disaster, so that it is generated at the time of a disaster by radiating a carrier wave by an ultrasonic signal on which frequency components are superimposed. By evacuating the smoke, an evacuation route can be secured.

FIG. 7 shows an experimental example when a passage is simulated as a reference diagram.
A circle 1 is a photograph showing a simulated passage of an experimental model simulating a passage such as an actual corridor, and shows an initial state before driving the apparatus. In this simulated passage, the ultrasonic generator of the first embodiment is arranged on the left side of the drawing, and an exhaust port is provided on the right side of the drawing.
A circle 2 is a photograph showing a state 3 seconds after the ultrasonic wave is generated by the ultrasonic generator of the first embodiment. It shows how the smoke rides on the acoustic stream and is discharged from the exhaust.
A circle 3 is a photograph showing a state after 5 seconds from the initial state, and it is shown that most smoke is radiated to the outside from the exhaust port.

  In this way, smoke filled in the (simulated) passage can be released out of the passage in a few seconds due to the acoustic flow caused by the sound pressure level due to the strong ultrasonic wave due to the ultrasonic conveyance superimposed with the low frequency signal. Of course, there is no moving object such as a fan other than the ultrasonic wave generating means, and smoke can be removed almost silently.

  The ultrasonic generator of the first embodiment also holds an audio signal regenerator 6, which is an audio reproduced from the audio signal regenerator 6 by a selection switch 30 as shown in FIG. Since the audio signal can also be superimposed on the ultrasonic conveyance, the audio can be conveyed along with the low frequency component. Thereby, when the smoke exhaustion and the evacuation route as shown in FIG. 5 are secured, it is possible to perform an accurate guidance by voice to the safety zone.

  In addition, because “sound” is a flow of pressure fluctuations in space due to acoustic signals, humans can feel pressure fluctuations, but they cannot sense sounds in the ultrasonic band and sounds in the low frequency band. . Therefore, since the ultrasonic generator according to the first embodiment uses the sound in the ultrasonic band and the sound in the low frequency band, the fluid sound using the rotation of the fan or the like by the rotation of the motor as in the prior art. No noise such as wind noise. Therefore, since no noise problem occurs, unnecessary noise countermeasures are not required. Moreover, since it is not necessary to stick to the installation location, the construction performance is excellent. Therefore, in addition to smoke and the like, it can be applied to control of normal ventilation, etc., or when it is desired to transport a good fragrance, and amusement facilities can be developed by using it for transporting soap bubbles or the like. Furthermore, the ultrasonic generator of the first embodiment can scatter not only smoke but also harmful odors, and naturally occurring gases such as fog.

  Furthermore, since the pressure fluctuation in the space due to the acoustic flow causes the air in the space to vibrate, the temperature in the field can also be raised. It is possible to bring about a thermal effect with sound flow (= acoustic flow) without using heating by a heat source mainly composed of fossil fuels so far.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
Next, the configuration of the ultrasonic generator according to Embodiment 2 will be described with reference to FIG.
The difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment described above is that, in the first embodiment, an example in which an ultrasonic element such as a speaker is used as the ultrasonic wave generation unit 100 is shown. The only difference is that the diaphragm 51 is attached to the Langevin element 50 as an ultrasonic wave generating means, and the diaphragm 51 is vibrated in a lattice mode so that an ultrasonic signal is emitted from the diaphragm 51.

  The Langevin element 50 is a structural means for increasing the amplitude of the piezoelectric element (PZT). The Langevin element 50 has a horn shape that maximizes the vibration amplitude of the PZT at the tip of the structure. It has the overall dimensions related to the vibration density wave. The lattice mode is a vibration phenomenon that occurs in a vibration state in which the aspect ratio is 1: 1.

  For example, when the Langevin element 50 vibrates at 28 kHz, the diaphragm 51 also vibrates synchronously at 28 kHz, and the vibration mode of the diaphragm causes vibration “nodes” and “nodes” to cause a lattice-like vibration mode. In the meantime, the diaphragm is formed into a square or a rectangle so as to be generated at a quarter wavelength position. That is, the dimensions of the diaphragm are adjusted so that vibration “antinodes” and “nodes” can be formed at intervals of about 7 mm at 28 kHz. The resonance frequency of the diaphragm 51 vibrates in the lattice mode state calculated in the following report. (Reference is Acoustical Society of Japan Vol. 50, No. 9 (1994) pp. 677-684 “Airborne Ultrasonic Sound Source Using a Lattice Mode Square Flexible Vibrating Plate”).

The system is composed of ultrasonic generation means by the Langevin element 50 having the diaphragm 51 formed as described above, and the ultrasonic wave carrier and low frequency component signals are radiated on the space, so that smoke exhausting operation is performed. It becomes possible to bring about defrosting and ventilation operation.
FIG. 6 shows an example of means for eliminating fog on the road using the ultrasonic wave generating means 100 by the Langevin element 50. This is an example in which a plurality of ultrasonic wave generation means 100 using Langevin elements 50 are installed at arbitrary distances on both ends of the road 300, and the fog on the road where the thick fog is likely to be generated is excluded by the acoustic flow. At this time, since the air in the space is also warmed by the acoustic flow, an excellent point such as no generation of fog around the road during the ultrasonic emission is brought about.

  In the first and second embodiments, the ultrasonic signal is described for 28 kHz or 40 kHz, but the frequency is not limited to this, and the frequency selection is not limited regardless of the means as long as it is an ultrasonic band of 20 kHz or higher. . In addition, the ultrasonic elements of the ultrasonic generators of Embodiments 1 and 2 can be provided in a necessary number depending on the installation location. In addition, the arrangement location of the ultrasonic generators of Embodiments 1 and 2 is good when it is provided perpendicular to the direction of the passage, but it is not limited to this, and is appropriately changed according to individual installation conditions. It is what is done.

  2 Ultrasonic element, 3 Ultrasonic signal generator, 4 Ultrasonic modulator, 5 Low frequency signal generator, 6 Audio signal regenerator, 7 Amplifier, 30 Select switch, 50 Langevin element, 51 Diaphragm, 100 Ultrasonic generation Means, 300 roads.

Claims (3)

An ultrasonic signal generator for generating an ultrasonic signal;
A low frequency signal generator for generating a low frequency signal;
The ultrasonic signal output from the ultrasonic signal generator and the low frequency signal output from the low frequency signal generator are input, and a carrier wave is generated by superimposing the low frequency signal on the ultrasonic signal. An ultrasonic modulator,
An amplifier for amplifying the carrier wave from the ultrasonic modulator;
Ultrasonic generation means for generating an ultrasonic wave by inputting an output signal from the amplifier, and
The ultrasonic wave generating means includes
An ultrasonic generator constructed by combining multiple Langevin elements with a diaphragm that vibrates in a lattice mode. The ultrasonic signal generator generates an acoustic signal in an ultrasonic band of 20 kHz or more,
The ultrasonic generator according to claim 1, wherein the low frequency signal generator generates an acoustic signal in a low frequency band of 50 Hz or less. A smoke evacuator comprising the ultrasonic generator according to claim 1 and an exhaust port.

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