JP2015109091A - Load on aqueous environment assessing method, and program for the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of assessing the impacts on the aqueous environment of a whole manufacturing process of products including production of raw materials, the relative scarcity of water differing with water supply source and activities to reduce the load on the aqueous environment, such as water supply source developing activities, and a program for the method.SOLUTION: One or more one elements of a group consisting of rainfall precipitation, surface water and ground water as water supply source to a whole manufacturing process including production of raw materials of products are selected; the characterization coefficient of each water supply source and the volume of water from each water supply source are multiplied by each other to figure out the extent of impact on each water supply source. The extents of impact on all the water supply sources are totaled to assess the overall impact on water resource, which is compared with the overall impact on the water resource at a reference geographical point.

Description

  The present invention relates to a water environmental load evaluation method and program for evaluating the influence of water use on the water environment in the entire production process of products including raw material production processes.

  There is a concern that the world will suffer a sudden water shortage due to global population growth, global warming, urbanization of emerging countries, industrialization, and other factors. Among them, the water footprint (WF) is advocated as a concept for evaluating the scarcity of water resources, and has attracted worldwide attention. WF is an estimate of the total consumption of water that is consumed directly and indirectly with the production and consumption of products and services, in order to promote the development of products that consider the sustainable use of water resources. It is considered as an effective means (Non-Patent Document 1).

  The concept of WF for grasping the amount of water used for a specific product can be expanded to grasp the raw material production process and the product production process. For example, in the production of food and cosmetics, improving the yield in the manufacturing process and reducing the number of washings lead to a reduction in the amount of water used as a whole product.

  When the amount of water used is captured quantitatively, it is necessary to have a common understanding of the method applied to the calculation. In fact, the International Organization for Standardization has been promoting the international standardization of WF as ISO14046 since 2009. In this way, there is an increasing interest in “visualization” of the water environmental load in the entire manufacturing process of products.

  The carbon footprint can be cited as an approach to quantitatively grasp the production and emission of carbon dioxide in the entire manufacturing process of products. In the case of carbon dioxide, wherever it is emitted on the earth, it has an impact on the global environment. Are considered the same. However, the impact of water on the water environment varies greatly depending on where it is used. Therefore, from the viewpoint of water environmental impact, it is possible to define an index that can be a true WF considering the characteristics of places where water is used, such as areas where abundant clean water can be obtained and areas where water stress is high. Desired. Only through such indicators will it be possible to properly assess the water environmental impact of products based on unified indicators.

1. Hoekstra A.Y. et al., The water footprint assessment manual, Setting the global standard, Earthscan, US, 203pp, 2011.

  While WF is effective in recognizing the presence of direct and indirect water use in product manufacturing processes, its definition is questionable. In the WF network, surface water and groundwater are defined as blue WF, and not only when water is taken into crops and products, but also when water does not return to the water source due to evaporation, etc. ing. In addition, the amount of water stored in the soil and the crop during the cultivation process of the crop is defined as green WF. These are sums of water usage, but do not take into account seasonal and regional water ubiquity. Since the amount of renewable water resources varies depending on the time and location, the impact of the use of a unit amount of water on water resources also varies depending on the timing and location. In other words, the conventional WF that grasps only the amount of water used has a problem that the efforts of companies and the like in product development such as factory location and water source cultivation activities in areas where water is abundant are not evaluated.

  In addition, the conventional WF, which evaluates only based on the amount of water used in the entire manufacturing process of a product, may cause misunderstanding as a number that represents the impact on the water environment, and therefore reflects temporal and regional characteristics. It is desirable to convert the amount of water usage into the amount of influence on the water environment using the characterization factor.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and the main purpose of the present invention is to reflect the scarcity of water that varies from place to place and the reduction of water environmental burdens such as water source cultivation activities, including the production of raw materials. A method and program for evaluating the impact on the water environment in the entire manufacturing process is provided.

  The present inventors have found a characterization coefficient that reflects the uneven distribution of water depending on the location, and by multiplying the characterization coefficient according to the water use source and the water usage amount, It was found that the amount of influence on water resources can be calculated considering environmental load reduction activities. The present invention is a method by which the amount of water used in the entire production process of a product can be evaluated in consideration of the scarcity of water and water source cultivation activities by comparing the amount of influence on the water resource. Is to provide.

The present invention relates to the following, but is not limited thereto.
1). A method for evaluating the water environmental load in the entire manufacturing process including raw material production of products,
Select one or more from the group consisting of precipitation, surface water, and groundwater as the water source in all manufacturing processes, including raw material production of the product,
Multiply the characterization factor for each water source by the water usage from each water source to calculate the impact on each water source,
Summing the amount of impact on each water use source to calculate the total amount of impact on water resources,
Comparing the total impact on the water resource at a reference point.
2). A method for selecting a region with a low water environmental load in the entire manufacturing process including raw material production of products,
Select one or more from the group consisting of precipitation, surface water, and groundwater as the water source in all manufacturing processes, including raw material production of the product,
Multiply the characterization factor of each water use source by the water use amount from each water use source at multiple points to calculate the amount of influence on each water use source,
Summing the amount of impact on each water use source to calculate the total amount of impact on water resources,
Compare the total impact on the water resources at the multiple points,
The method comprising evaluating the water environmental load in the entire manufacturing process including raw material production of the product.
3). A method for evaluating the impact on the water environmental impact in the entire manufacturing process, including the production of raw materials for water source cultivation activities,
Select one or more from the group consisting of precipitation, surface water, and groundwater as the water source in all manufacturing processes, including raw material production of the product,
Multiply the characterization factor of each water use source before and after water source recharge activities and the amount of water used from each water use source to calculate the amount of impact on each water use source,
Summing the amount of impact on each water use source to calculate the total amount of impact on water resources,
Comparing the total impact on the water resource before and after water source recharge activities.
4). The characterization factor of each water use source is calculated based on the area or time of each water use source required to obtain the reference amount of water, based on the average precipitation of the entire earth. The method according to any one of 1) to 3).
5). The characterization factor for each water source is the following formula (I):

(Where fwa _{x, l} is the characterization factor of the water source x at the target point l;
A _x is the area per unit time required to obtain water equivalent to the average precipitation of the whole earth from the water use source x;
A _ref is the area per unit time required to obtain water equivalent to the global average precipitation amount;
T _x is the time per unit area required to obtain water equivalent to the average precipitation of the entire earth from the water use source x,
T _ref is the time per unit area necessary to obtain water equivalent to the average precipitation over the earth)
The method according to any one of 1) to 4), which is calculated using
6). A program for evaluating the water environmental impact in the entire manufacturing process, including raw material production of products,
Selecting one or more from the group consisting of precipitation, surface water, and groundwater as a water source in all manufacturing processes, including raw material production of the product,
Multiply the characterization factor for each water source by the water usage from each water source to calculate the impact on each water source,
Summing the amount of impact on each water use source to calculate the total amount of impact on water resources,
The said program including making it function so that the total amount of influence to the said water resource in several points may be compared.
7). A program for selecting a point with a low water environmental load in the entire manufacturing process, including production of raw materials for products,
Select one or more computers from the group consisting of precipitation, surface water, and groundwater as the water use source in all manufacturing processes, including the production of raw materials for the product,
Multiply the characterization factor of each water use source by the water use amount from each water use source at multiple points to calculate the amount of influence on each water use source,
Summing the amount of impact on each water use source to calculate the total amount of impact on water resources,
The program comprising: comparing the total amount of influence on the water resource at the plurality of points to function to identify a point having a small water environmental load in all manufacturing processes including production of raw materials of the product.
8). A program to evaluate the impact on the water environment in all manufacturing processes, including the production of raw materials for water source cultivation activities,
Select one or more computers from the group consisting of precipitation, surface water, and groundwater as the water use source in all manufacturing processes, including the production of raw materials for the product,
Multiply the characterization factor of each water use source before and after water source recharge activities and the amount of water used from each water use source to calculate the amount of impact on each water use source,
Summing the amount of impact on each water use source to calculate the total amount of impact on water resources,
The said program including making it function so that the total amount of influence to the said water resource before and behind the said water source recharge activity may be compared.
9). The characterization factor of each water use source is calculated based on the area or time of each water use source required to obtain the reference amount of water, based on the average precipitation of the entire earth. The program according to any one of 6) to 8).
10). The characterization factor for each water source is the following formula (I):

(Where fwa _{x, l} is the characterization factor of the water source x at the target point l;
A _x is the area per unit time required to obtain water equivalent to the average precipitation of the whole earth from the water use source x;
A _ref is the area per unit time required to obtain water equivalent to the global average precipitation amount;
T _x is the time per unit area required to obtain water equivalent to the average precipitation of the entire earth from the water use source x,
T _ref is the time per unit area necessary to obtain water equivalent to the average precipitation over the earth)
The program according to any one of 6) to 9), which is calculated using

  The method for evaluating the water environmental load and the program therefor according to the present invention make it possible to appropriately evaluate the influence of the entire manufacturing process of the product on the water environment. In other words, the amount of water used in the entire manufacturing process of a product is converted into the amount of influence on the water use source using a characterization coefficient that reflects the characteristics of the water use source, and the total amount of the product is compared by comparing the amount of influence. It evaluates the impact of water usage in the manufacturing process on the water environment. In this way, considering the scarcity of water that varies depending on the location, that is, the water use source, and the reduction of the water environment load such as water source cultivation activities, the impact of the entire manufacturing process of products including raw material production on the water environment is appropriately Methods and programs for evaluation can be provided.

  The characterization factor of the present invention is calculated on the basis of the area or time required to obtain the reference amount of water with the average precipitation amount of the entire earth as a reference amount. Therefore, the characterization coefficient is a robust and practical coefficient that enables characterization with a simple structure as compared to the conventional characterization method and is less susceptible to parameter uncertainty. By setting intuitive and easy-to-understand coefficients, the present invention makes it possible to calculate various pattern characterization coefficients according to the needs of the evaluator from the viewpoint of concept and data robustness. Furthermore, by using the characterization factor, it becomes possible to evaluate the influence of water use on the water environment by region or country.

FIG. 1 shows a conceptual diagram when fwa is expressed by area. Fig. 2-1 shows the global distribution of precipitation fwa for each water source. FIG. 2-2 shows the global distribution of surface water fwa for each water source. In FIG. 2-3, global distribution of fwa of groundwater regarding each water use source is shown. In FIG. 3, the ratio of the integrated area of fwa of precipitation (a), surface water (b), and groundwater (c) in each continent is shown. FIG. 4 shows the result of converting the amount of water used for each country into the amount of influence on water resources.

The method for evaluating the water environmental load of the present invention and the program used therefor are as follows:
1) Select one or more water sources in all manufacturing processes, including raw material production, from the group consisting of precipitation, surface water, and groundwater,
2) Multiply the characterization factor of each water use source by the water use amount from each water use source to calculate the amount of influence on each water use source,
3) Calculate the total impact on water resources by summing the impact on each water use source,
4) Comparing the total impact amount before and after multiple points or water source recharge activities at least.

  As used herein, “water use source” includes precipitation, surface water, and groundwater. One or more of these are used, but preferably three of them are used for the evaluation.

  In this specification, “precipitation” refers to rain, snow, hail, hail, etc., where raindrops, mist drops, snowflakes, ice crystals, etc. floating in the atmosphere fall on the ground, and “surface water” Land water refers to water that is completely on the surface, such as river water and lake water, and `` groundwater '' refers to rainwater that penetrates underground and is stored in an aquifer centered on a gravel layer. It refers to what is done.

  In the present specification, the “whole product manufacturing process” refers to all processes from the collection and production of raw materials to the product manufacturing process.

  The amount of influence on water resources according to the water use source in the entire manufacturing process of the product is calculated by multiplying the characterization factor for each water use source and the water use amount from each water use source. Say.

  The characterization factor of the present invention is calculated using the following formula (I).

Here, fwa _{x, l} is a characterization factor of the water use source x at the target point l, A _x is an area per unit time required to obtain a reference amount of water from the water use source x, and A _ref is an area per unit time required to obtain a reference amount of water in the reference state, and T _x is a time per unit area required to obtain a reference amount of water from the water use source x. _ref is the time per unit area required to obtain a reference amount of water in the reference state.

  The impact of water use on water resources is considered to be inversely proportional to the amount of water resources that can be recycled in the water use area. In order to obtain a certain standard amount of water in an area where water resources are scarce, it is necessary to increase the land area or increase the time required, so the impact on water resources is necessary to obtain a certain amount of water. Can be explained by land area or time.

  In this specification, “characterizing” refers to setting a specific coefficient value for each water use source in order to evaluate the influence on water resources. In the present invention, Water Availability Factor (fwa) is used as a characterization factor for evaluating the influence on the water environment.

In the present invention, the difference in the amount of recyclable water resources due to the difference in location is reflected by evaluating the precipitation amount, surface water amount, and groundwater amount of each water use source using the average precipitation amount of the entire earth as a reference amount. be able to. The average precipitation amount of the entire earth including the ocean can be estimated to be about 1000 mm / year, and can be simplified by using 1.0 m ³ of water resources at 1.0 m ² as a reference amount. The unit of the characterization coefficient fwa is m ³ H ₂ Oeq.

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram when fwa is expressed by area. The total runoff combined with the surface runoff and underground runoff is the origin of surface water, and the underground runoff is equal to the groundwater recharge. The area required to obtain 1.0 m ³ of water in the reference state is 1.0 m ² , the time is one year, and the fwa in this state is defined as 1.0. As a result, for example, 2.0 m ² or 2 years are required to obtain 1.0 m ³ of water in an area where precipitation of 500 mm / year is present, so that fwa (fwa _p ) of precipitation is 2.0. . Similarly, fwa (fwa _sw ) of surface water in an area with a total outflow of 100 mm / year is 10.0, and fwa (fwa _gw ) of groundwater in an area with an underground outflow of 20 mm / year is 50.0. . The amount of influence on the water use source or water resource is calculated using the following formula (II), and is obtained by multiplying the characterization coefficient corresponding to the water use amount from each water use source.

Here, WAF represents an amount of influence (Water Availability footprint), and WI _{x, l} represents a water utilization amount from the water utilization source x at the target point l.

In the characterization method of the present invention, a weighted average value for each country or region of fwa can be calculated based on fwa corresponding to three water sources of precipitation, surface water and groundwater. Specifically, precipitation for FWA _p, total runoff for _{FWA sw,} for _{FWA gw} can calculate the weighted average of the country by using the underground runoff. For example, the calculation method of the national weighted average values for FWA _p is according to formula (III).

Here, R _l , P _l , and A _l are annual precipitation [m ³ ], annual precipitation [m], and area [m ² ] at the target point l, respectively. The weighted average value obtained from the formula (III) matches the value calculated using the country average value.

  By using the weighted average value for each country or region of fwa, it is possible to calculate the amount of influence on water resources in the entire manufacturing process of products including raw material production for each country or region of production. This also enables regional or country-specific assessments of the water environment impacts of water use.

  The present invention calculates the influence amount on the water use source by multiplying the characterization coefficient calculated for each water use source and the water use amount from each water use source, and the influence for each water use source. By comparing the total amount of influence, which is the sum of the quantities, it is possible to evaluate the influence of the entire manufacturing process of products including raw material production on water resources at multiple points.

  In addition, the present invention compares the total influence amount that is the sum of the influence amount for each water use source, and evaluates the influence of the entire manufacturing process of the product including raw material production on the water resources at a plurality of points. It is also possible to select a point where the water environmental load is small in the manufacture of water.

  Furthermore, the present invention compares the total amount of impact on water resources before and after water source recharge activities, so that efforts to protect nature such as water source recharge activities can reduce It also makes it possible to evaluate the effects on

In the present invention, the computer selects 1 or more from the group consisting of precipitation, surface water, and groundwater as a water use source in all manufacturing processes of products including raw material production,
2) Multiply the characterization factor of each water use source by the water use amount from each water use source to calculate the amount of influence on each water use source,
3) Calculate the total impact on water resources by summing the impact on each water use source,
4) It is also a program that evaluates the water environment load, including at least the function of comparing the total influence amount before and after a plurality of points or water source recharge activities.

  In the program of the present invention, it is possible to evaluate the water environmental load in the entire manufacturing process of products including raw material production by making the computer function to compare the total amount of influence on water resources at multiple points. . The program of the present invention also enables the computer to select a point where the water environmental load is small in the manufacture of the product.

  Furthermore, the program of the present invention allows the computer to function to compare the total amount of impact on water resources before and after water source recharge activities, so that efforts to protect nature such as water source recharge activities include the production of raw materials for products. It also makes it possible to evaluate the impact on the water environmental impact of the entire manufacturing process.

Example 1. In the evaluation based on the calculation WF of the characterization coefficient, it is known that the accuracy strongly depends on the data quality, and the calculation is performed in various spatial scales. In the present invention, a spatial resolution of 0.5 × 0.5 degrees is employed for calculating fwa. A global water resource model capable of reproducing the water circulation process was used to calculate fwa taking into account water use sources on a high resolution and global scale.

The calculation of the FWA concerning precipitation (FWA _p) using the Water and Climate Change (WATCH) forcing data (WFD) as a data set. The data set is a reproduction of climate data from the 20th century, with a temporal resolution of 6 hours and a spatial resolution of 0.5 x 0.5 degrees. With average annual rainfall from 1991 to 2000 in each grid was calculated FWA _p according to equation (I).

The H08 model was used for fwa (fwa _sw and fwa _gw ) related to surface water and groundwater. H08 is an integrated model for the assessment of global water resources. It consists of land, rivers, crop growth, reservoirs, environmental water, and integrated modules. Natural water circulation, dam operations, irrigation activities, etc. It is possible to calculate the outflow of surface water and groundwater taking into account the effects of human activities. In the calculation of agricultural water, the production is first made using only precipitation. If the demand is not met, surface water is used, and if this is not enough, other water sources such as groundwater are used. The fwa of the area that cannot be self-sufficiency only by precipitation and cannot benefit from natural rivers will increase. Precipitation input is broken down into evaporation, runoff, and other fluxes according to land surface water and heat balance. Calculation conditions are the same as Hanasaki et al., J. Hydrol., 384, 232-244, 2010, except for climate input data and calculation period. Using WFD as the climate input data, the calculation period was 1991 to 2000, and the total runoff and underground runoff were calculated in consideration of water supply and demand in units of one day.

The amount of runoff in each grid was calculated including the amount of water flowing from the upstream in the basin. This is because the amount of water including inflow from the upstream is considered as the amount of water resources available in the area. Based on the calculation result of the outflow amount, fwa _sw and fwa _gw were calculated according to the formula (I).

Precipitation, the FWA calculated for three water source surface water and ground water, Center for based on the International Earth Science Information Network border data by (CEISIN) and Centro International de Agriculture Tropical (CIAT), precipitation for FWA _p, the total runoff for fwa _sw, for _{fwa gw} was converted to a weighted average of the country in the underground runoff. Calculation method national weighted average values for FWA _p is according to formula (III). In addition, the characterization factor for agricultural water was calculated by weighting rainwater and precipitation in irrigated farmland, total runoff, and underground runoff.
Example 2 Distribution of fwa on the whole earth The distribution of fwa on the whole earth concerning precipitation, surface water and groundwater is shown in Figs. 2-1 to 2-3. An area where fwa has a value of less than 1.0 means that water circulation is in excess of 1000 mm / year, which is the average precipitation of the entire earth. The impact on water resources in these areas will be small. Of the total distribution of fwa _p , 99% is less than 600, and fwa _sw and fwa _gw often have larger values than fwa _p , and both 5.6% of the total land area exceeds 1000, and the distribution The trend was consistent. These areas were found in the Sahara Desert, the Arabian Peninsula, South Africa, inland China, the Midwestern United States, and Australia.
Example 3 FIG. Asia fwa on fwa continent distribution each water use sources, Europe, North America, South America, Africa, and the results were divided into six groups of Oceania shown in Figure 3. Greenland is not included. The vertical axis shows the ratio of accumulated area to land area in each continent. Overall, South America tended to be low, and Africa was high.
Example 4 Fwa country averages Table 1 shows the weighted average values for the whole country, rainfed farmland, and irrigated farmland for fwa of each water use source in major countries. These were selected from the top 25 countries in the world's grain production in 2000 and 20 countries exporting primary products. In addition, Tables 2 to 4 show the weighted average value and standard deviation of fwa for 153 countries with land and agricultural land area of 1 grid or more among UN member countries.

With regard to the country-wide fwa in Figure 1, Pakistan showed the highest value for all water sources in Asia. Also, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Myanmar, and Malaysia FWA _p and _{FWA sw} is smaller than 1.0, which is believed to be due to often rainfall. Fwa _p of all countries in Europe is between of 2.0 from 0.9, Spain and Ukraine _{fwa gw} was more than 5.0. In addition, in North America, Mexico showed a high fwa _gw compared to Canada. In South America, Brazil has a low value compared to other countries due to its abundant precipitation, while Argentina's fwa _sw and fwa _gw values are high, which is presumed to be due to the effects of drought in Patagonia . In Africa, Egypt, which is mostly deserted, shows high values, and water use in such areas is thought to significantly reduce its availability. Australia showed relatively high values due to deserts with poor precipitation. In accordance with the principle of water circulation to the precipitation and origin, fwa _p was always smaller than _{fwa sw,} also _{fwa sw} will be the same as or as small as _{fwa gw,} confirmed that in accordance with this principle, except for Egypt. Meanwhile, in Egypt, relatively since the areas where water resources are observed is introduced Therefore formation of water from the river upstream countries, surface water and ground water flow exceeds the precipitation in Japan, reversing the relationship between the FWA _p and FWA _sw A phenomenon was observed.

Comparing the country-wide fwa and irrigated farmland, there was no significant difference in countries with abundant water resources such as Vietnam, Thailand, France, Germany and Brazil. This suggests that the farmland is spread throughout the country. On the other hand, in China, Pakistan, Egypt, and Australia, irrigated farmland water values tended to be smaller than the whole country. This suggests that in these countries where water resources are scarce, farmland is selectively deployed in areas where water is relatively easy to use. When conducting an impact assessment for water use in agriculture on a country-by-country basis, using the country-wide characterization factor, the results may be overestimated.
Example 5 FIG. FIG. 4 shows the result of converting the amount of water used for each country into the amount of influence on water resources by the characterization coefficient of the present invention in consideration of the uneven distribution of water depending on the location of the potential amount of influence on water resources. When the amount of water used in each country is converted into the amount of influence on water resources, in countries with abundant water resources such as Vietnam, Thailand, France, Germany and Brazil, the amount of influence on water resources tends to be small. It is in. On the other hand, in the countries of the Middle East and North Africa, where these water resources are scarce, it was shown that the amount of water resources affected greatly.
Example 6 Comparison of potential impact on water resources in the entire manufacturing process of products To compare the impact of water usage on the amount of impact on water resources in the entire manufacturing process of products, for example, Japan and water resources rich in water resources The amount of impact on water resources when manufacturing the same product with the same amount of water used was evaluated in Egypt. Assuming that product A was manufactured with 100 liters of water (precipitation: 50 liters, surface water: 30 liters, groundwater: 20 liters), the conventional WF that evaluates the impact on the water environment with the total amount of water used in Japan and Egypt Both will use 100 liters of water, resulting in similar impacts on the water environment in both countries. Next, based on the weighted average values of precipitation, surface water, and groundwater for the entire countries in Tables 2-4, the impact on water resources was evaluated in consideration of the scarcity of water. As a result, the amount of influence on water resources in Japan is (Precipitation: 0.6 x 50) + (Surface water: 1.2 x 30) + (Groundwater: 3.1 x 20) = 128. Water resources in Egypt The amount of influence on the water is (precipitation: 47.7 × 50) + (surface water: 41.0 × 30) + (groundwater: 79.1 × 20) = 5197. Therefore, when the evaluation method of the present invention in consideration of the scarcity of water was used, it was shown that the amount of influence on water resources is smaller when product A is manufactured in Japan than in Egypt.
Example 7 Effects of water source recharge activities on the potential impact on water resources Generally, it is known that the amount of groundwater will increase by appropriate forest management upstream of the product manufacturing plant. The assessment method does not consider these resource management and protection efforts. On the other hand, in the method for evaluating the water environment load of the present invention, it is possible to evaluate the influence of the entire manufacturing process of the product on the water environment in consideration of reduction of the water environment load such as water source recharge activities. Therefore, in order to compare the effects of water source recharge activities on the amount of water resources produced by the production of products, we evaluated the case of appropriate forest management.

As in Example 6, product A using 100 L of water (precipitation: 50 L, surface water: 30 L, groundwater: 20 L) will be evaluated. Moreover, the product A has a location of precipitation: 1500 mm / year (fwa _p : 0.7), surface water: 900 mm / year (fwa _sw : 1.1) and groundwater: 700 mm / year (fwa _gw : 1.4) It shall be manufactured in the factory of conditions. In this case, the amount of influence on water resources calculated by the evaluation method of the present invention is (precipitation: 0.7 × 50) + (surface water: 1.1 × 30) + (groundwater: 1.4 × 20) = 96.

Here, appropriate forest operations were carried out upstream of the factory, and surface water improved to 961 mm / year (fwa _sw : 1.0), and groundwater improved to 761 mm / year (fwa _gw : 1.3). Assume. The potential impact on water resources in this case is (Precipitation: 0.7 x 50) + (Surface water: 1.0 x 30) + (Groundwater: 1.3 x 20) = 91, before forest operation It was shown that the amount of impact on water resources is reduced.

  In this way, the conventional WF that evaluates the impact on the water environment based on the total amount of water used has the same impact on the water environment regardless of whether there is forest operation or not. In the evaluation method of the present invention that enables the evaluation in consideration of the reduction of the water environmental load due to water, it has been proved that the management and protection efforts of resources such as forest operations are also appropriately evaluated.

  The present invention compares the amount of influence on water resources calculated by multiplying the characterization factor according to the water use source and the amount of water used, and the effect of water use on the water environment in the entire manufacturing process of the product. The present invention relates to a method and a program for evaluating water in consideration of the scarcity of water and water source recharge activities. The present invention provides an index that can be called true WF, and enables an appropriate evaluation of the water environmental load of a product based on a unified index. Therefore, the present invention contributes to the harmony between water use in product development and sustainable water environment conservation, and the industrial applicability is extremely high.

Claims (10)

A method for evaluating the water environmental load in the entire manufacturing process including raw material production of products,
Select one or more from the group consisting of precipitation, surface water, and groundwater as the water source in all manufacturing processes, including raw material production of the product,
Multiply the characterization factor for each water source by the water usage from each water source to calculate the impact on each water source,
Summing the amount of impact on each water use source to calculate the total amount of impact on water resources,
Comparing the total impact on the water resource at a reference point. A method for selecting a region with a low water environmental load in the entire manufacturing process including raw material production of products,
Select one or more from the group consisting of precipitation, surface water, and groundwater as the water source in all manufacturing processes, including raw material production of the product,
Multiply the characterization factor of each water use source by the water use amount from each water use source at multiple points to calculate the amount of influence on each water use source,
Summing the amount of impact on each water use source to calculate the total amount of impact on water resources,
Compare the total impact on the water resources at the multiple points,
The method comprising evaluating the water environmental load in the entire manufacturing process including raw material production of the product. A method for evaluating the impact on the water environmental impact in the entire manufacturing process, including the production of raw materials for water source cultivation activities,
Select one or more from the group consisting of precipitation, surface water, and groundwater as the water source in all manufacturing processes, including raw material production of the product,
Multiply the characterization factor of each water use source before and after water source recharge activities and the amount of water used from each water use source to calculate the amount of impact on each water use source,
Summing the amount of impact on each water use source to calculate the total amount of impact on water resources,
Comparing the total impact on the water resource before and after the water source recharge activity.   The characterization factor of each water use source is calculated based on the area or time of each water use source required to obtain the reference amount of water, based on the average precipitation of the entire earth. The method as described in any one of Claims 1-3. The characterization factor for each water source is the following formula (I):
(Where fwa _{x, l} is the characterization factor of the water source x at the target point l;
A _x is the area per unit time required to obtain water equivalent to the average precipitation of the whole earth from the water use source x;
A _ref is the area per unit time required to obtain water equivalent to the global average precipitation amount;
T _x is the time per unit area required to obtain water equivalent to the average precipitation of the entire earth from the water use source x,
T _ref is the time per unit area necessary to obtain water equivalent to the average precipitation over the earth)
The method as described in any one of Claims 1-4 which is calculated using. A program for evaluating the water environmental impact in the entire manufacturing process, including raw material production of products,
Selecting one or more from the group consisting of precipitation, surface water, and groundwater as a water source in all manufacturing processes, including raw material production of the product,
Multiply the characterization factor for each water source by the water usage from each water source to calculate the impact on each water source,
Summing the amount of impact on each water use source to calculate the total amount of impact on water resources,
The said program including making it function so that the total amount of influence to the said water resource in several points may be compared. A program for selecting a point with a low water environmental load in the entire manufacturing process, including production of raw materials for products,
Select one or more computers from the group consisting of precipitation, surface water, and groundwater as the water use source in all manufacturing processes, including the production of raw materials for the product,
Multiply the characterization factor of each water use source by the water use amount from each water use source at multiple points to calculate the amount of influence on each water use source,
Summing the amount of impact on each water use source to calculate the total amount of impact on water resources,
The program comprising: comparing the total amount of influence on the water resource at the plurality of points to function to identify a point having a small water environmental load in all manufacturing processes including production of raw materials of the product. A program to evaluate the impact on the water environment in all manufacturing processes, including the production of raw materials for water source cultivation activities,
Select one or more computers from the group consisting of precipitation, surface water, and groundwater as the water use source in all manufacturing processes, including the production of raw materials for the product,
Multiply the characterization factor of each water use source before and after water source recharge activities and the amount of water used from each water use source to calculate the amount of impact on each water use source,
Summing the amount of impact on each water use source to calculate the total amount of impact on water resources,
The said program including making it function so that the total amount of influence to the said water resource before and behind the said water source recharge activity may be compared.   The characterization factor of each water use source is calculated based on the area or time of each water use source required to obtain the reference amount of water, based on the average precipitation of the entire earth. The program as described in any one of Claims 6-8. The characterization factor for each water source is the following formula (I):
(Where fwa _{x, l} is the characterization factor of the water source x at the target point l;
A _x is the area per unit time required to obtain water equivalent to the average precipitation of the whole earth from the water use source x;
A _ref is the area per unit time required to obtain water equivalent to the global average precipitation amount;
T _x is the time per unit area required to obtain water equivalent to the average precipitation of the entire earth from the water use source x,
T _ref is the time per unit area necessary to obtain water equivalent to the average precipitation over the earth)
The program according to any one of claims 6 to 9, which is calculated using