JP2015099497A - Knowledge information processing device, knowledge information processing method, and program - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a knowledge information processing device, a knowledge information processing method, and a program for allowing a user, such as a research worker to navigate, analyze and discover a knowledge space by treating sentences described in a natural language, such as a thesis equivalently with other large scale data and exceeding simple dictionary consultation.SOLUTION: This invention specifies nodes constituting a knowledge object network corresponding to an arbitrary word, acquires specific information including node information and/or arc information about the nodes, and outputs the specific information through an output part.

Description

  The present invention relates to a knowledge information processing apparatus, a knowledge information processing method, and a program.

  Conventionally, a technique called text mining that extracts knowledge from materials described in natural languages such as papers and newspapers has been disclosed. Further, a technique of a method for expressing the hierarchy and relationship of concepts as knowledge expression is disclosed.

  In the IPA (Ingenuity Pathway Analysis) database described in Non-Patent Document 1, a technique is disclosed in which a human being interprets and constructs as a knowledge base that knowledge expressed in a paper or the like is linked to the analysis thereof.

Ingenuity Systems Inc. (Http://www.ingenuity.com)

  However, with conventional general methods, it is possible to link data and the software that analyzes the data, but it is not possible to link the knowledge expressed in papers to the analysis. In addition, in the conventional database described in Non-Patent Document 1, this is constructed as a knowledge base by human interpretation, but the representation is based on the conventional knowledge representation technique and the network structure composed of target molecules and genes. It had the problem of reflecting.

  In addition, materials written in natural language such as papers and newspapers express a lot of unstructured knowledge, and this knowledge can be analyzed in conjunction with huge amounts of data. It can be expected to dramatically increase the knowledge and discover new knowledge, but in the conventional database (knowledge base) described in Non-Patent Document 1, people read and interpret the contents of articles and newspapers. As a result, the intervention of the arbitraryness of the reader's interpretation and the cost of constructing the knowledge base were major issues.

  In addition, so-called text mining is intended to analyze the syntactic structure of each sentence and extract meanings, focusing on syntactic analysis, but it is not optimized for the purpose of automatic knowledge base construction, and is effective. There was a problem that knowledge could not be extracted. As a result, there is an enormous accumulation, and knowledge contained in life science papers that are published in large quantities every day is extracted systematically and with high precision, and systematized as structured knowledge. Development of a system that can be used is awaited.

  In addition, when looking at the usage of papers, researchers generally check various facts and build hypotheses while reading papers. This tendency is particularly remarkable in the field of life science, which is a knowledge-intensive study. However, at present, most of the papers are read as printed materials or in the form of PDF files, etc., and information processing that supports the research of researchers is performed on the content of the papers. The problem was that things were extremely rare. In addition, there are softwares that identify gene names or protein names and display databases or search contents for the display of PDF files or WEB page papers, etc., but these are only for identified words I just stayed linked to the dictionary.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and treats sentences described in a natural language such as papers in the same line as other large-scale data, and beyond mere dictionary lookup, users such as researchers, An object is to provide a knowledge information processing apparatus, a knowledge information processing method, and a program capable of navigating, analyzing, and discovering a knowledge space.

  In order to achieve such an object, a knowledge information processing apparatus of the present invention is a knowledge information processing apparatus including at least an output unit, a control unit, and a storage unit, and the storage unit is described in a natural language. Node information relating to a node representing knowledge expressed in the word, the phrase, the sentence, or the group of sentences, associated with unique identification information for the word, phrase, sentence, or group of sentences; And / or a knowledge object network in which the word, the phrase, the sentence, or the group of sentences and the knowledge are expressed with a clear correspondence, including arc information indicating an arc indicating the relationship between the nodes. A knowledge base for storing knowledge object network information, wherein the control unit corresponds to any of the words. Specific information acquisition means for specifying the node constituting the network, acquiring the specific information including the node information and / or the arc information related to the node, and the specific information output for outputting the specific information via the output unit Means.

  In the knowledge information processing apparatus according to the present invention, in the knowledge information processing apparatus described above, the storage unit further includes related information storage means for storing related information of the node, and the specific information acquisition means further includes The related information of the node corresponding to the arbitrary word is searched from the related information storage means, the searched related information is acquired, and the specific information output means further outputs the related information to the output It is characterized by outputting via a part.

  The knowledge information processing apparatus of the present invention is the knowledge information processing apparatus described above, wherein the related information storage means is a protein information storage means for storing protein information, a gene information storage means for storing gene information, Intermolecular interaction information storage means for storing intermolecular interaction information relating to intermolecular interaction, pathway information storage means for storing pathway information relating to biomolecule pathways, literature information storage means for storing literature information relating to literature, and / or Alternatively, news storage means for storing news provided by the news distribution service is provided.

  In the knowledge information processing apparatus according to the present invention, in the knowledge information processing apparatus described above, when the node corresponding to the arbitrary word is not included in the knowledge object network, the control unit performs the arbitrary word processing. The node information related to the node representing the knowledge expressed in (2) is stored in the knowledge base, the arc for tightening a contradiction with the node is set, and the arc information regarding the arc is stored in the knowledge base. And storage means for storing the identification information for the arbitrary word in the knowledge base in association with the node information for the node when the node corresponding to the arbitrary word is included in the knowledge object network. Are further provided.

  The knowledge information processing apparatus according to the present invention is the knowledge information processing apparatus described above, wherein the knowledge information processing apparatus further includes an input unit, and the storage means further includes the node stored between the nodes. When the arc that tightens the mutual contradiction is set, the arc information related to the arc that requests the evaluation of whether or not it is the mutual contradiction is output via the output unit, and via the input unit The arc information is stored in the knowledge base when the evaluation that the two are contradictory is input.

  In the knowledge information processing apparatus according to the present invention, in the knowledge information processing apparatus described above, the control unit performs a structural analysis on an arbitrary sentence composed of the sentence, and the word and the phrase constituting the sentence. The knowledge object network includes a structure analysis unit that extracts the sentence or the group of sentences, and the node corresponding to the word, the phrase, the sentence, or the group of sentences extracted by the structure analysis unit. If not, the node information related to the node indicating the knowledge expressed in the word, the phrase, the sentence, or the group of sentences is stored in the knowledge base, and the mutual contradiction with the node is tightened. Set an arc, store the arc information about the arc in the knowledge base, and correspond to the word, the phrase, the sentence or the group of sentences Storage means for storing the identification information for the word, the phrase, the sentence, or the group of sentences in the knowledge base in association with the node information related to the node when the knowledge object network is included in the knowledge object network And further comprising.

  The knowledge information processing apparatus of the present invention is characterized in that in the knowledge information processing apparatus described above, the sentence is a life science academic paper.

  The knowledge information processing apparatus according to the present invention is the knowledge information processing apparatus described above, wherein the control unit matches the word, the phrase, the sentence, or the group of sentences with a phrase structure template. Knowledge extracting means for extracting knowledge, wherein the storage means includes knowledge information relating to the knowledge extracted by the knowledge extracting means, the matched word, the phrase, the sentence, or a group of the sentences The node information corresponding to is stored in the knowledge base.

  Further, the knowledge information processing apparatus of the present invention is the knowledge information processing apparatus described above, wherein the knowledge extracting means preprocesses the word, the phrase, the sentence, or the group of sentences and clearly excludes them. After removing a possible insertion phrase, the knowledge is extracted by matching the word, the phrase, the sentence, or a group of sentences with the phrase structure template.

  In the knowledge information processing apparatus according to the present invention, in the knowledge information processing apparatus described above, the control unit matches the word, the phrase, the sentence, or the group of sentences by using syntax analysis. Knowledge extracting means for extracting the knowledge by means of the above, the storage means including the knowledge information about the knowledge extracted by the knowledge extracting means, the matched word, phrase, sentence or sentence The node information corresponding to a group of sentences is stored in the knowledge base.

  Further, the knowledge information processing apparatus of the present invention is the knowledge information processing apparatus described above, wherein the knowledge information processing apparatus further includes an input unit, and the specific information acquisition unit is configured to input the arbitrary information via the input unit. When a word is specified, the node constituting the knowledge object network corresponding to the arbitrary word is specified, and the node information and / or the arc information related to the node is acquired. Features.

  The knowledge information processing apparatus of the present invention is the knowledge information processing apparatus described above, wherein the knowledge information processing apparatus further includes an input unit, and the specific information output means includes the specific information and / or the related information. If the item is selected via the output unit and is selected via the input unit, the specific information and / or the related information regarding the selected item is displayed. It outputs through the said output part, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

  The knowledge information processing apparatus of the present invention is the knowledge information processing apparatus described above, wherein the knowledge information processing apparatus further includes an input unit, and the specific information output means includes the specific information and / or the related information. When the item is selected via the output unit and is selectable via the input unit, and the item is selected via the input unit, the specific information and / or the related information regarding the selected item is displayed. It outputs through the said output part, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

  Further, the knowledge information processing apparatus of the present invention is the knowledge information processing apparatus described above, wherein the specific information acquisition means specifies the node constituting the knowledge object network corresponding to the word included in an arbitrary figure. And acquiring the node information and / or the specific information including the arc information related to the node, searching the related information of the node from the related information storage unit, and acquiring the searched related information. It is characterized by.

  In the knowledge information processing apparatus according to the present invention, in the knowledge information processing apparatus described above, the nodes constituting the knowledge object network project the nodes corresponding to a uniform level of abstraction in each statement object network. Or the node corresponding to the abstraction level set in the individual area of the statement object network.

  The knowledge information processing apparatus of the present invention is characterized in that, in the knowledge information processing apparatus described above, the node information constituting the knowledge object network information is an analysis result or an estimation result of experimental data.

  The knowledge information processing method of the present invention is a knowledge information processing method executed in a knowledge information processing apparatus including at least an output unit, a control unit, and a storage unit, and the storage unit is described in a natural language. Node information regarding nodes representing knowledge expressed in the word, the phrase, the sentence, or the group of sentences and the unique identification information associated with the word, phrase, sentence, or group of sentences, and the nature of the node And / or arc information relating to arcs indicating the relationship between the nodes, and the knowledge object network in which the word, the phrase, the sentence, or the sentence group and the knowledge are expressed with a clear correspondence A knowledge base for storing knowledge object network information relating to any of the words executed in the control unit, A specific information acquisition step of specifying the node constituting the knowledge object network, acquiring specific information including the node information and / or the arc information related to the node, and specifying to output the specific information via the output unit An information output step.

  The program of the present invention is a program for causing a knowledge information processing apparatus including at least an output unit, a control unit, and a storage unit to execute the program, and the storage unit includes words, phrases, Node information related to a node indicating knowledge expressed in the word, the phrase, the sentence, or the sentence group, and unique identification information for a sentence or a group of sentences, and the nature of the node and / or the node Knowledge object network information related to a knowledge object network in which the word, the phrase, the sentence, the sentence or a group of sentences and the knowledge are expressed with a clear correspondence A knowledge base for storing the knowledge object network corresponding to an arbitrary word in the control unit. A specific information acquisition step of specifying the node constituting the work, acquiring specific information including the node information and / or the arc information relating to the node, and outputting the specific information via the output unit And executing the step.

  According to this invention, a node constituting a knowledge object network corresponding to an arbitrary word is specified, specific information including node information and / or arc information related to the node is acquired, and specific information is output. By explicitly extracting knowledge described in a natural language such as and performing information processing on the knowledge, a series of knowledge about the target field can be visualized.

  According to this invention, the related information of the node corresponding to the arbitrary word is searched, the searched related information is acquired, and the related information is further output. There is an effect that knowledge can also be acquired.

  According to the present invention, protein information, gene information, intermolecular interaction information related to intermolecular interactions of biomolecules, pathway information related to biomolecule pathways, literature information related to literature, and / or news provided by a news distribution service Is stored, so that it is possible to obtain peripheral knowledge of knowledge of life science words.

  According to the present invention, when a node corresponding to an arbitrary word is not included in the knowledge object network, the node information related to the node indicating the knowledge expressed in the arbitrary word is stored in the knowledge base, and If the arc that closes the contradiction is set, arc information related to the arc is stored in the knowledge base, and the node corresponding to the arbitrary word is included in the knowledge object network, the identification information for the arbitrary word is stored in the node related to the node. Since it is stored in the knowledge base in association with information, it is possible to avoid duplicating networks, and the knowledge base grows and improves accuracy by using this system by researchers and system developers. There is an effect that can be.

  According to the present invention, when an arc for tightening a contradiction with a stored node is set, arc information related to the arc for requesting an evaluation as to whether or not it is a mutual contradiction is output. When an evaluation of being a contradiction is input, since the arc information is stored in the knowledge base, the response of the external user can be taken in, and the accuracy of the knowledge base can be further improved.

  According to the present invention, a structure analysis is performed on an arbitrary sentence composed of sentences, a group of words, phrases, sentences, or sentences constituting the sentence is extracted, and a group of extracted words, phrases, sentences, or sentences is extracted. If the node corresponding to is not included in the knowledge object network, node information related to the node representing knowledge expressed in words, phrases, sentences, or a group of sentences is stored in the knowledge base, and mutual conflict is established between the nodes. A group of words, phrases, sentences, or sentences if the arc to be closed is set, arc information about the arc is stored in the knowledge base, and the knowledge object network contains nodes that correspond to groups of words, phrases, sentences, or sentences Is stored in the knowledge base in association with the node information related to the node, so that the knowledge information contained in the entire article etc. can be stored in the knowledge base. There is an effect that it is.

  In the fields of life science and biology, detailed knowledge of the target phenomenon is often not known in the first place. Therefore, a method that requires the expression of detailed knowledge can describe these remaining ambiguities. However, according to the present invention, since the text is an academic paper of life science, it is possible to describe it with ambiguity and to accumulate knowledge. There is an effect that it can be accelerated.

  According to the present invention, knowledge is extracted by matching a word, phrase, sentence, or a group of sentences with a phrase structure template, and includes a matched word, phrase, sentence, or knowledge information related to the extracted knowledge. Since node information corresponding to a group of sentences is stored in a knowledge base, an information processing method is defined by a description in a natural language, and knowledge can be efficiently extracted.

  According to the present invention, after preprocessing is performed on a group of words, phrases, sentences, or sentences, and an inserted phrase that can be clearly excluded is removed, a group of words, phrases, sentences, or sentences and a phrase structure template Since matching is performed, it is possible to extract knowledge more efficiently than knowledge extraction from the original text.

  According to the present invention, a word, a phrase, a sentence, or a group of sentences is extracted by performing matching using syntax analysis, and the matched word, phrase including knowledge information about the extracted knowledge is included. Since node information corresponding to a sentence or a group of sentences is stored in the knowledge base, an analysis tree can be accumulated and used instead of a template.

  According to the present invention, when an arbitrary word is designated, a node constituting the knowledge object network corresponding to the arbitrary word is specified, and specific information including node information and / or arc information related to the node is acquired. As a result, only the information desired by the user can be output.

  According to the present invention, items based on specific information and / or related information are output in a selectable manner in a list format, and when an item is selected, specific information and / or related information regarding the selected item is output. As a result, only the information desired by the user can be output.

  According to the present invention, the items based on the specific information and / or the related information are output so as to be selectable in the network format, and when the item is selected, the specific information and / or the related information regarding the selected item is output. As a result, only the information desired by the user can be output.

  According to the present invention, a node constituting a knowledge object network corresponding to a word included in an arbitrary figure is identified, identification information including node information and / or arc information related to the node is obtained, and node related information And the related information searched for is obtained, so that the entire information of the related portion can be obtained quickly by using the figure as one search key.

  According to the present invention, the nodes constituting the knowledge object network are obtained by projecting nodes corresponding to a uniform level of abstraction in each statement object network, or set in individual areas of each statement object network. Since the node corresponding to the level of abstraction is projected, it is possible to extract knowledge that is a collection of hypotheses estimated to have the highest probability.

  According to the present invention, since the node information constituting the knowledge object network information is the analysis result or estimation result of the experimental data, including analysis of large-scale experimental data and hypothesis generation based on the estimation therefrom, There is an effect that a series of knowledge about the target field can be gradually accumulated, integrated, refined, and visualized.

FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing the basic principle of the present embodiment. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the knowledge information processing apparatus in the present embodiment. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of processing of the knowledge information processing apparatus of the present embodiment. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of knowledge information acquisition processing in the present embodiment. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of the SON in the present embodiment. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a projection method in the present embodiment. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a projection method according to the present embodiment. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a projection method in the present embodiment. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of knowledge objectification according to the present embodiment. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of knowledge objectification in the present embodiment. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of the paragraph classification process in the present embodiment. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a sentence structure of a paragraph in the present embodiment. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of sentence 6 and sentence 8 in the present embodiment. FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of sentence 6 and sentence 8 in the present embodiment. FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of knowledge extraction processing in the present embodiment. FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of knowledge extraction processing according to the present embodiment. FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of a template in the present embodiment. FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of knowledge extraction processing in the present embodiment. FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of the knowledge information processing method in the present embodiment. FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of the S-SNS in the present embodiment. FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an example of the S-SNS in the present embodiment. FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating an example of the S-SNS in the present embodiment. FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating an example of information presentation in the present embodiment. FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating an example of information presentation in the present embodiment. FIG. 25 is a diagram illustrating an example of the knowledge information processing method according to the present embodiment. FIG. 26 is a diagram illustrating an example of the knowledge information processing method according to the present embodiment. FIG. 27 is a diagram illustrating an example of the knowledge information processing method according to the present embodiment. FIG. 28 is a diagram showing an example of the knowledge information processing method in the present embodiment.

  Embodiments of a knowledge information processing apparatus, a knowledge information processing method, and a program according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.

[Outline of Embodiment of the Present Invention]
The outline of the embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. 1, and then the configuration, processing, and the like of the present embodiment will be described in detail. FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing the basic principle of the present embodiment. The present embodiment schematically has the following basic features.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the control unit of the knowledge information processing apparatus according to the present embodiment identifies a node constituting a knowledge object network corresponding to an arbitrary word, and node information and / or arc related to the node. Specific information including information is acquired (step SA-1). Here, the control unit may further search related information of a node corresponding to an arbitrary word and acquire the searched related information. In addition, when an arbitrary word is designated via the input unit, the control unit identifies a node constituting the knowledge object network corresponding to the arbitrary word, and includes node information and / or arc information related to the node. Specific information may be acquired. In addition, when a diagram including a plurality of words is input via the input unit, the control unit identifies a node constituting the knowledge object network corresponding to the word included in the diagram, and includes node information and / or Alternatively, specific information including arc information may be acquired, related information of a node may be searched, and the searched related information may be acquired.

  And the control part of a knowledge information processing apparatus outputs specific information via an output part (step SA-2), and complete | finishes a process. Here, the control unit may further output the related information via the output unit. In addition, the control unit outputs the items based on the specific information and / or the related information so that the items can be selected in a list format via the output unit, and when the item is selected via the input unit, the control unit specifies the selected item. Information and / or related information may be output via the output unit. In addition, the control unit outputs an item based on the specific information and / or related information in a selectable manner in a network format via the output unit, and when the item is selected via the input unit, the control unit specifies the selected item. Information and / or related information may be output via the output unit.

  This is the end of the description of the outline of the present embodiment.

[Configuration of Knowledge Information Processing Device 100]
Next, details of the configuration of the knowledge information processing apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment will be described below with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the knowledge information processing apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment, and conceptually shows only the portion related to the present invention. Here, in the knowledge information processing apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment, a configuration in which each component is all provided in one housing and performs processing independently (stand-alone type) will be described as the knowledge information processing apparatus 100. The present invention is not limited to this embodiment, and each component may be provided in a separate housing and connected via a network or the like to constitute a single conceptual device (for example, cloud computing). That is, each configuration of knowledge information processing apparatus 100 in the present embodiment is mounted on a plurality of or a single terminal device connected via a network or the like, and an external system such as an external server or an external database. May be.

  Here, the terminal device may be, for example, a commercially available information processing device such as a desktop or notebook personal computer, a mobile terminal device such as a mobile phone, a smartphone, a PHS, or a PDA. The external system may be configured as a WEB server or an ASP server. Further, the hardware configuration of the external system may be configured by a knowledge information processing apparatus such as a commercially available workstation or a personal computer and its attached devices. Each function of the external system may be realized by a CPU, a disk device, a memory device, an input device, an output device, a communication control device, and the like in the hardware configuration of the external system, a program for controlling them, and the like. The network has a function of connecting the knowledge information processing apparatus 100 and an external system to each other, such as the Internet.

  The knowledge information processing apparatus 100 generally includes a control unit 102, an input / output control interface unit 108, and a storage unit 106. Here, the control unit 102 is a CPU or the like that comprehensively controls the entire knowledge information processing apparatus 100. Further, the interface is connected to a communication device (not shown) such as a router connected to a communication line or the like, and the input / output control interface unit 108 includes an output unit (an input unit 112, a display unit 114, and an audio output). Unit 116). The storage unit 106 is a device that stores various databases and tables. Each unit of the knowledge information processing apparatus 100 is connected to be communicable via an arbitrary communication path. Furthermore, the knowledge information processing apparatus 100 may include a communication control interface unit that performs communication control between the knowledge information processing apparatus 100 and a network (or a communication device such as a router). You may have a function which communicates data with an external system, another terminal, etc. via a communication line. The knowledge information processing apparatus 100 may be communicably connected to a network via a communication device such as a router and a wired or wireless communication line such as a dedicated line.

  Various databases and tables (knowledge base 106a and related information database 106b) stored in the storage unit 106 are storage means such as a fixed disk device. For example, the storage unit 106 stores various programs, tables, files, databases, web pages, and the like used for various processes.

  Among these components of the storage unit 106, the knowledge base 106a is a group of words, phrases, sentences, or sentences in which unique identification information is associated with a group of words, phrases, sentences, or sentences described in a natural language. A group of words, phrases, sentences, or sentences and knowledge including node information regarding nodes representing knowledge expressed in arcs and arc information regarding arcs indicating node properties and / or relationships between nodes Knowledge storage means for storing knowledge object network information related to the knowledge object network expressed in a correspondence relationship. Here, the nodes constituting the knowledge object network are obtained by projecting nodes corresponding to a uniform level of abstraction in each statement object network, or the abstraction levels set in the individual areas of each statement object network. The node corresponding to the level may be projected. The node information constituting the knowledge object network information may be an analysis result or an estimation result of experimental data. Further, the identification information may be information for specifying a sentence (for example, academic paper) in which a word, a phrase, a sentence, or a group of sentences is posted. The node information and / or arc information may include data (knowledge) reference source information (for example, URL and / or Web page name).

  The related information database 106b is related information storage means for storing related information of nodes. Here, as shown in the figure, the related information database 106b includes at least a protein information database 106c, a gene information database 106d, an intermolecular interaction information database 106e, a pathway information database 106f, a literature information database 106g, and a news database 106h. It is prepared for.

  Here, the protein information database 106c is protein information storage means for storing protein information related to proteins. Here, the protein information may include protein structure information. In addition, the protein information database 106c includes position information regarding the position of the protein on a network in a cell or a living body (for example, an intermolecular interaction network, a signal transduction network, a metabolic network, or a gene regulatory network). Protein structure information relating to the structure of the protein may be stored in association with network information relating to the network. The protein information is stored in advance in the protein information database 106c, and the control unit 102 of the knowledge information processing apparatus 100 periodically and / or according to processing by the control unit 102 (for example, in the control unit 102) The protein information stored in the protein information database 106c may be updated by downloading the latest data from an external system or the like via a network (when data is required).

  The gene information database 106d is gene information storage means for storing gene information related to genes. Here, the gene information may include information on the base sequence, genotype, genotype, phenotype, and / or annotation. The genetic information is stored in advance in the genetic information database 106d, and the control unit 102 of the knowledge information processing apparatus 100 periodically and / or updates the latest data via the network according to processing by the control unit 102. May be downloaded from an external system or the like to update the gene information stored in the gene information database 106d.

  The intermolecular interaction information database 106e is an intermolecular interaction information storage unit that stores intermolecular interaction information regarding intermolecular interactions of biomolecules. Here, the intermolecular interaction information may be interaction information related to intermolecular interactions in cells or in vivo. The intermolecular interaction information is stored in advance in the intermolecular interaction information database 106e, and the control unit 102 of the knowledge information processing apparatus 100 performs a network periodically and / or according to processing by the control unit 102. The latest data may be downloaded from an external system or the like, and the intermolecular interaction information stored in the intermolecular interaction information database 106e may be updated.

  The pathway information database 106f is pathway information storage means for storing pathway information related to biomolecule pathways. Here, the pathway may be a metabolic pathway or a signal transmission pathway in a living body. The pathway information is stored in advance in the pathway information database 106f, and the control unit 102 of the knowledge information processing apparatus 100 periodically and / or responds to the processing by the control unit 102 with the latest data via the network. May be downloaded from an external system or the like, and the pathway information stored in the pathway information database 106f may be updated.

  The document information database 106g is document information storage means for storing document information relating to documents including academic papers. Here, the document information database 106g may store document information (document related data) held by a publisher or the like. These pieces of document information are stored in advance in the document information database 106g, and the control unit 102 of the knowledge information processing apparatus 100 periodically transmits the latest data that is sequentially announced throughout the world via an external system (for example, Document information downloaded from a publisher, a national institution, etc. that provides document information, etc.) and stored in the document information database 106g may be updated.

  The news database 106h is news storage means for storing news provided by the news distribution service. Here, the news distribution service may be a distribution service provided by a newspaper company, a publisher, a portal site, or a communication company.

  In FIG. 2, the input / output control interface unit 108 controls the input unit 112, the display unit 114, and the audio output unit 116.

  Here, the input unit 112 may be, for example, a key input unit, a touch panel, a control pad (for example, a touch pad and a game pad), a mouse, a keyboard, and a microphone. The display unit 114 may be a display unit that displays a display screen of an application or the like (for example, a display including a liquid crystal or an organic EL, a monitor, and a touch panel). The audio output unit 116 may be an audio output unit (for example, a speaker) that outputs audio information as audio.

  In FIG. 2, the control unit 102 has an internal memory for storing a control program such as an OS (Operating System), a program defining various processing procedures, and necessary data. And the control part 102 performs the information processing for performing various processes by these programs. In terms of functional concept, the control unit 102 includes a structure analysis unit 102a, a knowledge extraction unit 102b, a storage unit 102c, a specific information acquisition unit 102d, and a specific information output unit 102e.

  Among these, the structure analysis unit 102a is a structure analysis unit that performs a structure analysis on an arbitrary sentence composed of sentences and extracts a group of words, phrases, sentences, or sentences constituting the sentence. Here, the text may be a life science academic paper. The sentence may be a newspaper, a magazine, a web page, or the like.

  The knowledge extracting unit 102b is a knowledge extracting unit that extracts knowledge by matching a word, phrase, sentence, or a group of sentences with a phrase structure template. Here, the knowledge extraction unit 102b performs preprocessing on a group of words, phrases, sentences, or sentences, removes an insertion phrase that can be clearly excluded, and then a group of words, phrases, sentences, or sentences and a phrase structure. Knowledge may be extracted by matching with a template. In addition, the knowledge extraction unit 102b may extract knowledge by matching a word, a phrase, a sentence, or a group of sentences using syntax analysis. The knowledge extraction unit 102b may extract knowledge by using a text mining technique other than template matching.

  Further, the storage unit 102c relates to a node indicating knowledge expressed in an arbitrary word when the node corresponding to the arbitrary word is not included in the knowledge object network based on the knowledge object network information stored in the knowledge base 106a. The node information is stored in the knowledge base 106a, an arc for tightening the contradiction with the node is set, the arc information regarding the arc is stored in the knowledge base 106a, and the node corresponding to an arbitrary word is stored in the knowledge base 106a. When it is included in the knowledge object network based on the knowledge object network information, the storage means stores the identification information for an arbitrary word in the knowledge base 106a in association with the node information related to the node. Here, the storage unit 102c further outputs arc information related to the arc for requesting an evaluation as to whether or not it is the mutual contradiction when an arc for tightening the mutual contradiction is set with the stored node. And the arc information may be stored in the knowledge base 106a when an evaluation indicating that they are mutually contradictory is input via the input unit 112. The storage unit 102c does not include a node corresponding to the word, phrase, sentence, or group of sentences extracted by the structure analysis unit 102a in the knowledge object network based on the knowledge object network information stored in the knowledge base 106a. In this case, node information related to a node representing knowledge expressed in a word, phrase, sentence, or group of sentences is stored in the knowledge base 106a, an arc is set between the node and a mutual contradiction, and the arc information related to the arc is knowledged. When a node stored in the base 106a and corresponding to a group of words, phrases, sentences or sentences is included in the knowledge object network based on the knowledge object network information stored in the knowledge base 106a, the words, phrases, sentences or sentences Corresponding identification information for a group of nodes to node information about the node It may be stored in the knowledge base 106a Te. Further, the storage unit 102c may store, in the knowledge base 106a, node information corresponding to a group of matched words, phrases, sentences, or sentences including knowledge information related to the knowledge extracted by the knowledge extracting unit 102b.

  Further, the specific information acquisition unit 102d specifies a node constituting the knowledge object network corresponding to an arbitrary word based on the knowledge object network information stored in the knowledge base 106a, and node information and / or arc information regarding the node. Specific information acquisition means for acquiring specific information including. Here, the specific information acquisition unit 102d may further search related information of a node corresponding to an arbitrary word from the related information database 106b and acquire the searched related information. Further, when an arbitrary word is designated via the input unit 112, the specific information acquisition unit 102d configures a knowledge object network based on the knowledge object network information stored in the knowledge base 106a corresponding to the arbitrary word. A node may be specified, and specific information including node information and / or arc information regarding the node may be acquired. Further, the specific information acquisition unit 102d specifies a node constituting the knowledge object network based on the knowledge object network information stored in the knowledge base 106a corresponding to a word included in an arbitrary figure, and includes node information regarding the node and Alternatively, specific information including arc information may be acquired, related information of the node may be searched from the related information database 106b, and the searched related information may be acquired. Here, the specific information (node information and / or arc information) and / or related information may include data reference source information (for example, URL and / or Web page name). .

  The specific information output unit 102e is specific information output means for outputting specific information via the output unit. Here, the specific information output unit 102e may further output related information via the output unit. Further, the specific information output unit 102e outputs an item based on the specific information and / or related information so as to be selectable in a list format via the output unit, and when the item is selected via the input unit 112, the specific information output unit 102e is selected. Specific information and / or related information regarding the item may be output via the output unit. Further, the specific information output unit 102e outputs an item based on the specific information and / or related information so that the item can be selected in a network format via the output unit, and if the item is selected via the input unit 112, the specific information output unit 102e is selected. Specific information and / or related information regarding the item may be output via the output unit.

  Above, description of an example of the structure of the knowledge information processing apparatus 100 in this Embodiment is finished.

[Process of Knowledge Information Processing Device 100]
Next, details of the processing of the knowledge information processing apparatus 100 configured as described above according to the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. Here, an example will be described in which a user uses the knowledge information processing apparatus 100 to continuously access the knowledge base 106a and the related information database 106b starting from a paper, and perform analysis and reference. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of processing of the knowledge information processing apparatus 100 in the present embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 3, when the structural analysis unit 102 a designates a life science academic paper that is a sentence composed of sentences via the input unit 112 by the user and the academic paper has not yet been structurally analyzed, A structural analysis is performed on the academic paper, and a group (paragraph) of words, phrases, sentences, or sentences constituting the academic paper is extracted (step SB-1). Here, the sentence may be a newspaper, a magazine, a web page, or the like. In this way, in the structure analysis unit 102a, when a certain paper is designated by the user and this is a new paper, the sentence analysis is immediately performed.

  Then, the knowledge extraction unit 102b extracts knowledge by matching the word, phrase, sentence, or paragraph extracted by the structure analysis unit 102a with the phrase structure template (step SB-2). Here, the knowledge extraction unit 102b performs preprocessing on the word, phrase, sentence, or paragraph extracted by the structure analysis unit 102a, removes an insertion phrase that can be clearly excluded, and then removes the word, phrase, sentence, or paragraph. Knowledge may be extracted by matching a paragraph with a phrase structure template. The knowledge extraction unit 102b may extract knowledge by matching the words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs extracted by the structure analysis unit 102a using syntax analysis. The knowledge extraction unit 102b may extract knowledge by using a text mining technique other than template matching for the words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs extracted by the structure analysis unit 102a.

  When the word in the academic paper designated by the user via the input unit 112 is designated by the user, the specific information acquisition unit 102d is based on the knowledge object network information stored in the knowledge base 106a corresponding to the word. Identifying a node constituting the knowledge object network, acquiring node information and / or arc information related to the node stored in the knowledge base 106a, retrieving the node related information from the related information database 106b, The retrieved related information is acquired (step SB-3). Here, when the user includes a diagram including a plurality of words via the input unit 112, the specific information acquisition unit 102d stores knowledge object network information stored in the knowledge base 106a corresponding to the words included in the diagram. The node constituting the knowledge object network based on the node is identified, the node information and / or arc information relating to the node stored in the knowledge base 106a is acquired, and the node related information is searched from the related information database 106b. The retrieved related information may be acquired.

  Here, with reference to FIG. 4, an example of knowledge information acquisition processing in the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of knowledge information acquisition processing in the present embodiment.

  When an interactive work diagram as shown in FIG. 4 is specified from a paper or the like by a user and is input, the control unit 102 determines this part from the combination of elements, etc. with respect to the network described in FIG. Alternatively, an interaction network including this part can be extracted from the knowledge base 106a, visualized, and presented. That is, in this case, the user can quickly obtain the entire information of the related portion by using the figure as one search key. For example, when the user inputs “an example in which protein A is phosphorylated when a mammalian cell is stimulated by a stimulating substance X”, the control unit 102 searches the case and responds to this case. The knowledge object network to be identified is identified from the knowledge base 106a, and an experiment case satisfying this condition can be displayed from the experiment result linked to the knowledge object network 106a.

  An example of the knowledge object network in the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

  The core of the information stored in the knowledge base 106a in the present embodiment is a knowledge object network (KON), and knowledge of the subject field is expressed here. KON represents a target entity and relationship using nodes and arcs. For example, a protein is an entity and is represented by a node. Furthermore, the nature of the protein or the relationship with other proteins is a relationship and is expressed using an arc.

  In the present embodiment, KON may be probabilistically derived from SON (Statement Object Network) and DON (Data Object Network). Here, the SON may be a hypothetical network based on data as a symmetry of a description network expressed in a natural language. DON is a network composed of hypotheses about biological objects or biological relationships that are estimated from gene expression data, metabolic profile data, or genomic sequence data using various analysis methods. Also good.

  That is, KON may be a restructured SON from a statement as a representation of knowledge, and further a hypothesis aggregate estimated to be most likely from DON. Here, the idea that knowledge is an aggregate of hypotheses may be taken, and conventional knowledge may be disproved by new data and inference. Therefore, knowledge is not an axiom that is fixed and cannot be changed, but may be a collection of hypotheses. In general, a “hypothesis” has low accuracy or is likely to be inconsistent with other knowledge, but widely accepted knowledge may be a hypothesis with high accuracy. When the accuracy of such a hypothesis increases, it is necessary to change the accuracy of the hypothesis group that contradicts it and to change the preconditions.

  Here, an example of the SON in the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of the SON in the present embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the SON in this embodiment is a hierarchical structure of Statement Objects (generally, a structured knowledge expression reflecting statements with various abstractions for the same object or relationship (generally, Is represented by a tree structure) and an arc (node) indicating a relationship between the State Objects. In the SON according to the present embodiment, a Statement Object constituting a tree structure may be a part of another tree structure. That is, in the SON shown in FIG. 5, the abstraction at the top (sentence 000001: A activates B) in the figure is the highest, and the intermediate part (sentence 00002: A activates B by phosphorylation). ) Is the next highest degree of abstraction, and the bottom (sentence 000001: A activates B by phosphorylation of tyrosine residue 245, sentence 003001: A activates B by phosphorylation of tyrosine residue 382 ) Is lower in abstraction level, and the lower the level, the lower the abstraction level (detailed statement).

  An example of the projection method in the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 to 8 are diagrams illustrating an example of a projection method according to the present embodiment.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 6, as a method for deriving KON from SON in this embodiment, that is, a method for projecting from hierarchical representation SON to knowledge object network (KON), each hierarchical structure in SON is configured. In the tree structure, more abstract knowledge is described in the upper hierarchy, and the most detailed knowledge known for the item is described in the lowermost layer of this tree structure. The content of knowledge described in the lowest node in the hierarchy may be projected to KON. That is, KON may be a projection of the lowest layer node of SON. That is, the derivation from the SON to the KON may be a projection of a node having a uniform abstraction level in the SON.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 7, as a method of projecting the hierarchical representation SON to the knowledge object network (KON) in the present embodiment, knowledge regarding a certain level of SON hierarchy may be projected onto the KON. . That is, the derivation from the SON to the KON may be a projection corresponding to the abstraction level (abstraction) set in each individual area of the SON. Here, in the present embodiment, the KON generated by the projection may be automatically recalculated and updated when a new node is added to the SON. Furthermore, in the present embodiment, partial unification or an artificial intelligence method such as Truth Maintenance System (TMS) may be used to verify the consistency of the generated KON.

  For example, in the present embodiment, in the entire SON, when the abstraction level of the nodes projected to the KON is set to an abstraction level (detail level) called “interaction relation of activation / inhibition between molecules” Even if there is a more detailed description, projection is performed according to the set detail level, and a KON reflecting the abstract level of activity / inhibition relationship between molecules is generated. Furthermore, if the level of abstraction of the nodes that project to KON is set to a more detailed level, for example, the level of the process of interaction includes modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, and ubiquitination, A KON based on a network expression including these contents (KON reflecting an abstraction level of activity / inhibition relationship by intermolecular phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, or ubiquitination) is generated. Thus, in the present embodiment, by setting the level of detail level, nodes related to the interaction or biological process to be focused on are projected onto KON at a more detailed level, and other (for example, user interests). A setting can be made to project nodes (related to non-target knowledge) to KON at a more abstract level.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 8, as a method of projecting from the hierarchical representation SON to the knowledge object network (KON) in the present embodiment, the knowledge described in the nodes constituting the SON is projected to the KON. Thus, it may be expressed by nodes and arcs (directed graph) on KON.

  Returning to FIG. 3, the specific information output unit 102e causes the display unit 114 to display the specific information and related information acquired by the specific information acquisition unit 102d (step SB-4). Here, the specific information output unit 102e displays items based on the specific information and / or related information on the display unit 114 so as to be selectable in a list format, and an item in the list is selected by the user via the input unit 112. In this case, specific information and / or related information related to the selected item may be displayed on the display unit 114. In addition, the specific information output unit 102e displays items based on the specific information and / or related information on the display unit 114 so as to be selectable in a network format, and an item in the network is selected by the user via the input unit 112 Specific information and / or related information regarding the selected item may be displayed on the display unit 114. In this way, the specific information output unit 102e can present possible processing actions when a word is designated by the user. Presentation of such a function is not possible unless it is identified what the specified word actually means, what kind of description is in the knowledge base 106a, and in what database the related information exists. However, in the present embodiment, such a reference relationship is immediately created, and thus such processing is possible for a new paper.

  When the node corresponding to the word, phrase, sentence, or paragraph extracted by the structure analysis unit 102a is not included in the knowledge object network based on the knowledge object network information stored in the knowledge base 106a, the storage unit 102c Node information related to nodes representing knowledge expressed in words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs is stored in the knowledge base 106a, an arc is set between the nodes, and the arc information related to the arc is stored in the knowledge base 106a. When the node corresponding to the word, phrase, sentence or paragraph is included in the knowledge object network based on the knowledge object network information stored in the knowledge base 106a, the identification information for the word, phrase, sentence or paragraph is included in the node. Knowledge base associated with node information about Stored in 06a (Step SB-5), the process ends. Here, the storage unit 102c further outputs arc information related to the arc for requesting an evaluation as to whether or not it is the mutual contradiction when an arc for tightening the mutual contradiction is set with the stored node. And the arc information may be stored in the knowledge base 106a when an evaluation indicating that they are mutually contradictory is input via the input unit 112. Further, the storage unit 102c may store node information corresponding to the matched word, phrase, sentence, or paragraph including the knowledge information related to the knowledge extracted by the knowledge extracting unit 102b in the knowledge base 106a.

  In this embodiment, when the paper file is specified by the user, the whole sentence is automatically analyzed, knowledge in it is extracted, and the corresponding word or sentence is linked. By giving it, you may make the knowledge object of the paper.

  Here, an example of knowledge accumulation (storage) processing according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10 are diagrams showing an example of knowledge objectification in the present embodiment. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of the paragraph classification process in the present embodiment. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a sentence structure of a paragraph in the present embodiment. 13 and 14 are diagrams showing an example of the configuration of sentence 6 and sentence 8 in the present embodiment. FIGS. 15, 16, and 18 are diagrams illustrating an example of knowledge extraction processing according to the present embodiment. FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of a template in the present embodiment.

  First, the control unit 102 analyzes the sentence structure of the paper specified by the user, and configures the paragraphs constituting the article, the sentences constituting each paragraph, and the sentences as shown in FIG. A network of words may be generated. As shown in FIG. 10, the paragraphs and sentences in each paper have a tree structure. However, for words, reference links may be generated for a plurality of sentences. In this way, by repeating this process for multiple papers, reference links from the same word appearing in multiple papers will be generated for multiple sentences included in multiple papers. .

  In this process, as shown in FIG. 11, when the paragraph 102 retains and extracts the paragraph structure, the control unit 102 may extract the paragraphs by classifying them into titles, outlines, paragraphs in the text, or the like. In this process, the control unit 102 may directly extract the substructure of the paper as a “sentence” without extracting the paragraph structure.

  Next, as illustrated in FIG. 12, the control unit 102 may assign a unique ID (sentence 1 to sentence 10 or the like) to each sentence. The ID is not simply a unique ID in a paper but a global unique ID, and a sentence may be specified by a unique ID from all paper groups. For example, when this system is operated for the life science field, this ID may be uniquely assigned to all the knowledge that has been expressed as “sentences” in the life science field. Furthermore, this ID may be able to be extended to each data object of the life science related database. As a result, the collection of IDs eventually becomes a collection of all knowledge related to life science. For example, as shown in FIG. 13, for each sentence (sentence 6 and sentence 8), a word or phrase related to a biological region such as a gene name or a protein name included in the sentence has a unique reference relationship. To construct a knowledge object network. Further, as shown in FIG. 14, an object having a plurality of language expressions (notations) may be represented as a portion surrounded by a dotted line. For example, a protein called Far1 has a plurality of expressions, “Far1” and “Far1p”. Since these all correspond to the same entity, this structure (enclosed by a dotted line) By incorporating (part), it is possible to maintain the relationship between the sentence described as Far1 and the sentence described as Far1p. This may be applied not only to proper nouns but also to phrases that express some relationship (Phrase). For example, “A activateds B” and “B is activated by A” are two different language representations of the same phenomenon, both of which may be associated with the same entity representing the phenomenon.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 15, a process of extracting structured knowledge (intermediate language expression 1 and interaction diagram 1) from a sentence (sentence 6) will be described. As shown in FIG. 16, when corresponding to these TEMPLATEs from the original sentence of sentence 6, preprocessing called preprocessing is performed, and an insertion phrase that can be clearly excluded is removed to obtain “Far1-Cdc24 complex is exported from the nucleus”. The knowledge shown in FIG. 1 may be extracted by setting by Msn5 ″ and then matching the sentence 6 after the pre-processing with TEMPLATE. That is, when the inputted sentence can be completely matched with any of the stored TEMPLATEs, a logical expression expression and a graphic expression corresponding to the TEMPLATE may be added to the knowledge base. However, if the input sentence cannot be perfectly matched with any of TEMPLATE, one or more TEMPLATEs that are considered to be the most similar (distance is close) according to a separately defined evaluation formula etc. The logic formula and the graph representation may be selected and added to the knowledge base after adding a certain reliability coefficient. Furthermore, the extracted knowledge may be presented to the user at the time of this process or at a timing defined separately, the accuracy of the knowledge may be confirmed, and a TEMPLATE completely corresponding to the sentence may be generated. Here, when a new TEMPLATE is generated, it may be searched again whether there is a sentence that completely matches the TEMPLATE, and the knowledge information of the matched sentence may be updated. Also, TEMPLATE may be defined hierarchically in order to efficiently accommodate a wider range of expressions. Further, instead of TEMPLATE, matching may be advanced using syntax analysis. In that case, the analysis tree may be accumulated instead of TEMPLATE. Furthermore, matching may be advanced by mixing TEMPLATE and a method using syntax analysis.

  As shown in FIG. 17, in this embodiment, when there are two sentences (sentence 1 and sentence 2) expressing the same event, knowledge extraction from sentence 1 is performed using TEMPLATE1, Similar knowledge extraction from sentence 2 may be performed using TEMPLATE2. Here, the number of types of TEMPLATE is very large corresponding to the expression of natural language, but in a limited area, it is very large but is not infinite and is considered to be almost finite.

  Then, the knowledge (hierarchical knowledge representation) structured and converted by these methods may be integrated as a knowledge base 106a having a hierarchical abstraction level. In this embodiment, it has a hierarchical abstraction level, maintains correspondence between descriptions of papers and structured knowledge, and can maintain and manage relationships such as equality, competition, or inclusion. A knowledge representation format is used.

  In a conventional knowledge base or database, the correspondence between a paper or a statement in the paper and structured knowledge has been lost. For this reason, it is impossible to trace the origin of knowledge described in the conventional knowledge base. However, in the present invention, since the knowledge expression corresponding to each statement is expressed as a part of the knowledge base 106a, it is possible to directly identify the statement that is the origin of knowledge.

  Further, in the conventional knowledge base generation method, a certain interpretation is performed on the basis of information obtained from a plurality of documents by human beings, and the description is structured and added to the knowledge base. However, in this method, there is a high possibility that the arbitrary nature of human interpretation is involved. In the method according to the present embodiment, knowledge that is structured for each statement of a sentence or a plurality of sentences is accumulated and uniquely automated, so that it is possible to greatly reduce the room for arbitrary interpretation by a person. It was.

  The knowledge representation in the present embodiment uses a knowledge representation that enables hierarchical refinement in order to represent knowledge represented in a paper or the like. Here, a natural language sentence or a group of sentences in which a certain item (“knowledge”) known about the target event is expressed is referred to as a “statement”. The statement does not necessarily represent all the matters related to the object, but mostly expresses a part thereof.

  On the other hand, in the case of using the conventional knowledge expression method, a method is described in which a portion expressed from all items is described and other portions are not described. Here, knowledge from other statements is newly described in the part where the knowledge representation is not described, and the part already described is left as it is, so that the knowledge described in the series of statements is overlaid. It was a method to go. As a result, in this conventional knowledge representation method, it was not possible to express explicitly which statement represented which knowledge. Also, if one statement was abstract and another statement contained more detailed knowledge, the relationship between the two statements could not be expressed. However, in general papers, each statement expresses a different level of abstraction and partial knowledge. For this reason, the conventional knowledge expression method cannot be accumulated and refined as a knowledge base while maintaining the correspondence between each statement and the knowledge expressed there.

  On the other hand, in the present embodiment, knowledge is gathered from papers, etc. by solving these problems and expressing each of the abstraction levels and partial knowledge expressed in the statement with a clear correspondence. Is possible.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 18, a sentence included in a part of a certain paper has a description regarding the interaction of the Far1-Cdc24 complex with Msn5. In this sentence, the complex of Far1-Cdc24 is represented by Msn5. It is described as one knowledge that it is transferred from inside the nucleus to outside the nucleus (Statement 1). However, from this statement itself, more detailed information such as where the transported complex arrives, what Far1-Cdc24 complex is transported, what Msn5 mediates in transport, etc. It is not described. Here, if another statement states that the transferred Far1-Cdc24 reaches the vicinity of the cell membrane and interacts with the GPCR binding protein (statement 2), it is expressed in the statement 2. By accumulating the existing knowledge in the knowledge base 106a at the same time, the details of the unclear part in the first paper are complemented. Then, when the user searches the knowledge base 106a storing the integrated knowledge representation, acquires information that the Far1-Cdc24 reaches the vicinity of the cell membrane, and searches for a paper as the basis thereof, this embodiment In the knowledge base 106a in FIG. 6, the statement that is the source of the knowledge is explicitly associated with each knowledge, so the statement 2 and the paper describing the statement 2 are presented to the user as the basis of the knowledge. That is, when the user uses the present invention, not the statement 1 but the information related to the statement 2 which is an appropriate statement is presented.

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, not only a knowledge object network based on SON, which is a knowledge system derived from a paper etc., but also a knowledge object based on a hypothesis group composed of inferences from data such as experimental data A network (data driven knowledge object network) may be constructed. Here, each data-driven hypothesis generation mechanism may be modularized for each purpose. For example, when estimating a gene control relationship from data, a plurality of control relationship estimation software is installed, and these results are obtained. May be calculated based on each calculation or based on a calculation determined by a certain rule. At this time, a gene regulatory network inferred from given data may be presented to the user, and how to direct or reject that knowledge from a set of data for a particular interaction. Inferences from data related to the user may be presented to the user.

  In addition, since the discovery of new knowledge comes from hypothesis generation that combines analogy, induction, deduction, etc., it is a similar structure from the structure of the knowledge base 106a, but part of it is missing Etc. can be provided to the user to give a new discovery hint to the user, that is, discovery support can be provided. Further, in this embodiment, a new scientific hypothesis may be automatically formed by executing an automatic law discovery algorithm group used in so-called discovery science. Further, a new hypothesis may be generated by a combination that has not been known so far, and the hypothesis may be presented to the user and the validity thereof may be recorded.

  In general, a dynamic simulation of a biological model (data-driven dynamic simulation) is performed by assigning parameters and mathematical formulas to the model and performing numerical calculations. However, there is actually a lot of experimental data, and by structuring and accumulating these data, the actual experimental data is searched for how the biological model behaves under certain conditions, and extrapolated and interpolated. It is also possible to derive a solution with. This is not only that the dynamic behavior of the model can be obtained, but also an approximate solution derived from known experimental data, and is considered to have a different importance from the conventional numerical analysis. Therefore, in the present embodiment, in order to achieve this, each experimental data includes cell types, conditions, stimulation, activity of each protein, total amount of each protein, and / or gene expression level. You may structure numerical values such as. In the present embodiment, when a specific stimulus is performed on a certain cell under a specific condition and a change in expression of a gene is to be observed, experimental data that matches the condition as much as possible is searched, Gene expression variation data may be obtained from the data group. In this embodiment, when there is experimental data under the same conditions, the result of the experiment may be presented as the most likely solution. In the present embodiment, when there are a plurality of experimental data under the same conditions, each result is presented, and the result variation and / or statistical data such as an average value is also presented. Also good. In the present embodiment, when there is no experimental data under the same condition, an experiment calculated to be closest and a result thereof may be presented according to a relaxation rule specified separately. Here, in a case where an experiment can be calculated that the plurality of experiments are closest, in that case, each result and each statistical data may be presented.

  Here, an example of the knowledge information processing method in the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 19 and FIGS. 25 to 28 are diagrams illustrating an example of the knowledge information processing method according to the present embodiment.

  First, when a user designates a certain paper, if this is a new paper, the structure analysis unit 102a immediately analyzes the text. When a word (for example, Cdc24) is designated by the user, as a result of analysis by the knowledge extraction unit 102b, it is already identified by collation with the knowledge base 106a that this is a protein of budding yeast, and further the knowledge base 106a Since the Cdc24 protein object and the reference are established, the specific information acquisition unit 102d quickly acquires specific information and related information. As illustrated in FIG. 19, the specific information output unit 102 e can present a possible process (action) when the word Cdc24 is designated.

  Here, an example of information output in the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 20 to 22 are diagrams illustrating an example of the S-SNS in the present embodiment. 23 and 24 are diagrams showing an example of information presentation in the present embodiment.

  Here, when the specific information output unit 102e presents a possible process for the specified item, the specified word, icon, link, etc. itself, or data that becomes the attribute for the link destination attribute The software or web service that can be processed with respect to is searched from the software social network (S-SNS), and the candidate may be presented. Here, the specified word or linked attribute (also called data type) includes gene name, protein name, enzyme name, gene expression data, genome sequence data, mass spectrometry data, protein structure data, etc. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and may include those related to the work.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 20, the S-SNS in the present embodiment has a relationship between software that outputs the above data types and software that can process the output of those data types as input. May be a network in which is described. This network may be updated upon the introduction of new data types or the introduction of software or web services. Conventionally, it is not clear which software can be used to analyze data for a certain data type, and what software output or selected data is used by which other software. It was difficult to know how to be processed. However, by using the S-SNS in the present embodiment, the relationship of these processes and the like can be clearly shown to the user, and the user can continuously perform data analysis.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 20, the S-SNS in the present embodiment may visualize data related to each other in the form of a network so that the mutual relation can be understood. As shown in FIG. It may be displayed in a matrix format. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 22, the S-SNS in the present embodiment corresponds to what data type is associated with a certain software and the data type (the data type is processed). It may also indicate whether (possible) software is related. Further, as shown in FIG. 23, it is possible to select an item from the display of the intermolecular interaction network and continue the related processing by the same mechanism. Also, as shown in FIG. 24, the screen may be displayed in cooperation with software that uniformly displays various information related to the selected item. In FIG. 24, news, papers, database items related to the selected item, and how much the selected item is searched on the Internet may be displayed.

  Then, as shown in FIG. 25, since Cdc24 is a protein, the specific information acquisition unit 102d searches the gene information database 106d for gene enrichment using the gene CDC24 coding for it, a protein information database 106c (for example, It is possible to search protein information for Swiss plots and the like, and search for intermolecular interaction information database 106e for protein interaction (PPI) information. That is, as shown in FIG. 25, the specific information acquisition unit 102d can search for more accurate information on Cdc24 using additional information that Cdc24 is a protein. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 26, the specific information output unit 102e can also present a pathway including Cdc24 as an element from the pathway information database 106f. In addition, the specific information output unit 102e may present a piece of knowledge information stored in the knowledge base 106a or the related information database 106b to the user. May be visualized.

  Then, as shown in FIG. 27, when the user specifies Cdc 28 interacting with Cdc 24 while viewing the presented pathway, items relating to Cdc 28 exist in knowledge base 106a, and reference is made to pathway information database 106f. Since the relationship is established, the specific information output unit 102e can immediately present optional information such as a series of analyzes starting from the Cdc24. Further, as shown in FIG. 28, the specific information acquisition unit 102d identifies articles related to Cdc28 from the knowledge base 106a, the literature information database 106g, the news database 106h, etc. The output unit 102e can display a paper related to the output unit 102e.

  Also, in this embodiment, when a group of papers whose contents are to be verified is set by the user and input to the system, knowledge is extracted from those papers, and information about the knowledge is stored in the knowledge base. A knowledge base may be generated or grown by being stored in 106a.

  Above, description of an example of the process of the knowledge information processing apparatus 100 in this Embodiment is finished.

[Summary of this embodiment]
Considering the situation where a user reads one life science paper, there are many gene names, protein names, biological processes, experimental methods, experimental equipment, drug names, etc. in this paper. Conventionally, processing such as searching a protein database using software has been performed on a word (for example, mTOR) in a paper.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, the search is not limited to simple search, but immediately linked to a large-scale gene expression database (gene information database 106d), a gene encoding mTOR is identified, and an expression analysis program for the gene is established. The data analysis can be executed under the conditions specified by the user. In this embodiment, when a plurality of proteins are specified by the user, a series of analyzes such as the presence / absence of the interaction, display of the protein interacting with the two proteins, verification of structural similarity, etc. Can also be performed immediately.

  For example, when the user designates the word mTOR in the paper, in the present embodiment (this system), this is identified by using the protein information database 106c or the like as the name of the protein, and is possible there. A list of search and analysis processes may be presented to the user, and when one or more of them are designated by the user, information related to mTOR may be accessed. For example, in this system, other proteins that interact with mTOR are displayed in the form of a protein interaction network or pathway network, and interact with mTOR in the network displayed in this way by the user. When a protein is designated, a paper describing the protein or a three-dimensional structure of the protein may be searched. Furthermore, in the present system, a list of downstream proteins may be obtained from the viewpoint of propagation of mTOR activity. These processes are difficult to carry out accurately and efficiently simply by searching for words such as mTOR, but with the construction of accurate and extensive knowledge base 106a regarding biological matters such as mTOR, the latest data Such an operation can be made possible by applying the present system having a mechanism for accumulating knowledge.

  Further, in this system, when a sentence such as “A activates B” is designated, the knowledge expressed in this sentence is known (stored) in the knowledge base 106a of the system, or Knowledge reliability and grounds may be presented. In the present system, when such a sentence is designated, the knowledge expressed in the sentence is converted into a structured form, and a procedure for collating with the knowledge base 106a is started. If this knowledge already exists in the knowledge base 106a, the consistency may be verified, the new paper and the related information database 106b may be updated, and the related information may be updated. At this stage, in the present system, when knowledge that contradicts the known knowledge is confirmed, the knowledge is accumulated (stored) in the knowledge base 106a, and at the same time, there is a contradiction between the known knowledge and the new knowledge. An arc to be tightened may be set. Further, in the present system, these facts may be presented to the user and a setting may be made that requires a reciprocal evaluation. Further, in this system, a new hypothesis or the like may be presented to the user.

[Other embodiments]
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described so far, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but can be applied to various different embodiments within the scope of the technical idea described in the claims. It may be implemented.

  For example, although the case where the knowledge information processing apparatus 100 performs processing in a stand-alone form has been described as an example, the knowledge information processing apparatus 100 is requested by a client terminal (which is a separate casing from the knowledge information processing apparatus 100). Depending on the process, the processing result may be returned to the client terminal.

  In addition, among the processes described in the embodiment, all or part of the processes described as being automatically performed can be performed manually, or the processes described as being performed manually can be performed. All or a part can be automatically performed by a known method.

  In addition, unless otherwise specified, the processing procedures, control procedures, specific names, information including registration data for each processing, parameters such as search conditions, screen examples, and database configurations shown in the above documents and drawings Can be changed arbitrarily.

  Further, regarding the knowledge information processing apparatus 100, each illustrated component is functionally conceptual and does not necessarily need to be physically configured as illustrated.

  For example, the processing functions provided in each device of the knowledge information processing device 100, in particular, the processing functions performed by the control unit 102, all or any part thereof are interpreted by a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and the CPU. It may be realized by a program to be executed, or may be realized as hardware by wired logic. The program is recorded on a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium including programmed instructions for causing a computer to execute the method according to the present invention, which will be described later, and knowledge information processing is performed as necessary. It is mechanically read by the device 100. That is, in the storage unit 106 such as a ROM or an HDD (Hard Disk Drive), a computer program for giving instructions to the CPU and performing various processes in cooperation with the OS (Operating System) is recorded. This computer program is executed by being loaded into the RAM, and constitutes a control unit in cooperation with the CPU.

  The computer program may be stored in an application program server connected to the knowledge information processing apparatus 100 via an arbitrary network, and may be downloaded in whole or in part as necessary. It is.

  In addition, the program according to the present invention may be stored in a computer-readable recording medium, and may be configured as a program product. Here, the “recording medium” means a memory card, USB memory, SD card, flexible disk, magneto-optical disk, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM, MO, DVD, and Blu-ray (registered trademark). It is assumed to include any “portable physical medium” such as Disc.

  The “program” is a data processing method described in an arbitrary language or description method, and may be in any format such as source code or binary code. The “program” is not necessarily limited to a single configuration, but is distributed in the form of a plurality of modules and libraries, or in cooperation with a separate program represented by an OS (Operating System). Including those that achieve the function. Note that a well-known configuration and procedure can be used for a specific configuration for reading a recording medium, a reading procedure, an installation procedure after reading, and the like in each device described in the embodiment.

  Various databases and the like stored in the storage unit 106 (knowledge base 106a, related information database 106b, protein information database 106c, gene information database 106d, intermolecular interaction information database 106e, pathway information database 106f, literature information database 106g, and The news database 106h) is a storage means such as a memory device such as a RAM and a ROM, a fixed disk device such as a hard disk, a flexible disk, and an optical disk, and various programs, tables, and databases used for various processing and website provision. , And web page files are stored.

  The knowledge information processing apparatus 100 may be configured as a known desktop type or notebook type personal computer, a portable terminal device such as a mobile phone, a smartphone, a PHS, and a PDA, and a knowledge information processing apparatus such as a workstation. Alternatively, an arbitrary peripheral device may be connected to the knowledge information processing apparatus. The knowledge information processing apparatus 100 may be realized by installing software (including programs, data, and the like) that causes the knowledge information processing apparatus to realize the method of the present invention.

  Furthermore, the specific form of distribution / integration of the devices is not limited to that shown in the figure, and all or a part of them may be functional or physical in arbitrary units according to various additions or according to functional loads. Can be distributed and integrated. In other words, the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined and may be selectively implemented.

  As explained in detail above, according to the present invention, sentences described in a natural language such as papers are handled in the same line as other large-scale data, and beyond mere dictionary lookup, users such as researchers, A knowledge information processing device, a knowledge information processing method, and a program capable of navigating, analyzing, and discovering a knowledge space can be provided, so that information processing that handles sentences written in natural language, and It is useful in various fields such as publishing, and is extremely useful particularly in various fields such as medicine, pharmaceuticals, drug discovery, and biological research.

100 knowledge information processing apparatus 102 control unit
102a Structural analysis unit
102b Knowledge extraction unit
102c storage unit
102d specific information acquisition unit
102e Specific information output unit 106 Storage unit
106a Knowledge Base
106b Related Information Database
106c Protein Information Database
106d gene information database
106e Intermolecular interaction information database
106f pathway information database
106g Literature Information Database
106h News database 108 Input / output control interface unit 112 Input unit 114 Display unit 116 Audio output unit

Claims (18)

A knowledge information processing apparatus including at least an output unit, a control unit, and a storage unit,
The storage unit
Node information relating to a node representing knowledge expressed in the word, the phrase, the sentence, or the group of sentences, and associated with unique identification information for the word, phrase, sentence, or group of sentences described in a natural language; The word, the phrase, the sentence, or the group of sentences and the knowledge are expressed with a clear correspondence relationship, including arc information about arcs indicating the nature of the nodes and / or the relationships between the nodes. A knowledge base for storing knowledge object network information related to the knowledge object network,
With
The control unit
Specific information acquisition means for specifying the node constituting the knowledge object network corresponding to an arbitrary word and acquiring specific information including the node information and / or the arc information related to the node;
Specific information output means for outputting the specific information via the output unit;
A knowledge information processing apparatus characterized by comprising: The knowledge information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
The storage unit
Related information storage means for storing related information of the node;
Further comprising
The specific information acquisition means includes
Further, the related information of the node corresponding to the arbitrary word is searched from the related information storage means, and the searched related information is acquired.
The specific information output means includes
Furthermore, the knowledge information processing apparatus, wherein the related information is output via the output unit. The knowledge information processing apparatus according to claim 2,
The related information storage means is
Protein information storage means for storing protein information;
Genetic information storage means for storing genetic information;
Intermolecular interaction information storage means for storing intermolecular interaction information relating to intermolecular interactions of biomolecules,
Pathway information storage means for storing pathway information on pathways of biomolecules;
Document information storage means for storing document information related to documents, and / or
News storage means for storing news provided by the news distribution service;
A knowledge information processing apparatus characterized by comprising: The knowledge information processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The control unit
When the node corresponding to the arbitrary word is not included in the knowledge object network, the node information related to the node indicating the knowledge expressed in the arbitrary word is stored in the knowledge base, and If the arc that closes each other is set, the arc information about the arc is stored in the knowledge base, and the node corresponding to the arbitrary word is included in the knowledge object network, the arbitrary Storage means for storing the identification information for the word in the knowledge base in association with the node information related to the node;
A knowledge information processing apparatus characterized by further comprising: The knowledge information processing apparatus according to claim 4,
The knowledge information processing apparatus
Input section,
Further comprising
The storage means is
Furthermore, when the arc that tightens the mutual contradiction between the stored node and the stored node is set, the output unit displays the arc information related to the arc that requests an evaluation as to whether or not it is the mutual contradiction. The information processing apparatus stores the arc information in the knowledge base when the evaluation of being mutually contradictory is input via the input unit. The knowledge information processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The control unit
A structural analysis unit that performs structural analysis on an arbitrary sentence composed of the sentence, and extracts the word, the phrase, the sentence, or the group of sentences that constitute the sentence;
If the knowledge object network does not include the node corresponding to the word, the phrase, the sentence, or the group of sentences extracted by the structural analysis means, the word, the phrase, the sentence, or the sentence The node information related to the node representing the knowledge expressed in a group is stored in the knowledge base, the arc for tightening a contradiction with the node is set, and the arc information related to the arc is stored in the knowledge base. The identification information for the word, the phrase, the sentence, or the group of sentences if the knowledge object network stores and the node corresponding to the word, the phrase, the sentence, or the group of sentences is included in the knowledge object network. Storing means in the knowledge base in association with the node information related to the node;
A knowledge information processing apparatus characterized by further comprising: The knowledge information processing apparatus according to claim 6,
The above sentence
Knowledge information processing device characterized by being an academic paper of life science. The knowledge information processing apparatus according to any one of claims 4 to 7,
The control unit
Knowledge extracting means for extracting the knowledge by matching the word, the phrase, the sentence or a group of the sentence with a phrase structure template;
Further comprising
The storage means is
Storing the node information corresponding to the matched word, the phrase, the sentence, or the group of sentences, including knowledge information related to the knowledge extracted by the knowledge extracting means, in the knowledge base. Knowledge information processing device. The knowledge information processing apparatus according to claim 8,
The knowledge extraction means is:
Preprocessing the word, the phrase, the sentence, or the group of sentences, and removing the inserted phrase that can be clearly excluded, then the word, the phrase, the sentence, or the group of sentences and the phrase structure A knowledge information processing apparatus characterized by extracting the knowledge by matching with a template. The knowledge information processing apparatus according to any one of claims 4 to 7,
The control unit
Knowledge extracting means for extracting the knowledge by performing syntactic analysis on the word, the phrase, the sentence, or the group of sentences,
Further comprising
The storage means is
Storing the node information corresponding to the matched word, the phrase, the sentence, or the group of sentences, including knowledge information related to the knowledge extracted by the knowledge extracting means, in the knowledge base. Knowledge information processing device. The knowledge information processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The knowledge information processing apparatus
Input section,
Further comprising
The specific information acquisition means includes
When the arbitrary word is designated via the input unit, the node constituting the knowledge object network corresponding to the arbitrary word is specified, and the node information and / or the arc information regarding the node is determined. A knowledge information processing apparatus characterized in that the specific information is acquired. The knowledge information processing apparatus according to claim 2 or 3,
The knowledge information processing apparatus
Input section,
Further comprising
The specific information output means includes
When the item based on the specific information and / or the related information is output to be selectable in a list format via the output unit, and the item is selected via the input unit, the item related to the selected item is selected. A knowledge information processing apparatus that outputs specific information and / or the related information via the output unit. The knowledge information processing apparatus according to claim 2 or 3,
The knowledge information processing apparatus
Input section,
Further comprising
The specific information output means includes
When the item based on the specific information and / or the related information is output to be selectable in a network format via the output unit, and the item is selected via the input unit, the item related to the selected item is selected. A knowledge information processing apparatus that outputs specific information and / or the related information via the output unit. The knowledge information processing apparatus according to claim 2 or 3,
The specific information acquisition means includes
The node constituting the knowledge object network corresponding to the word included in an arbitrary figure is identified, the node information related to the node and / or the arc information is acquired, and the identification information including the node information is acquired. A knowledge information processing apparatus, wherein related information is searched from the related information storage means and the searched related information is acquired. The knowledge information processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 14,
The nodes constituting the knowledge object network are:
Projecting the node corresponding to a uniform abstraction level in each statement object network, or projecting the node corresponding to the abstraction level set in each individual area of each statement object network A knowledge information processing apparatus characterized by being. The knowledge information processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 15,
The node information constituting the knowledge object network information is:
A knowledge information processing apparatus characterized by being an analysis result or an estimation result of experimental data. A knowledge information processing method executed in a knowledge information processing apparatus including at least an output unit, a control unit, and a storage unit,
The storage unit
Node information relating to a node representing knowledge expressed in the word, the phrase, the sentence, or the group of sentences, and associated with unique identification information for the word, phrase, sentence, or group of sentences described in a natural language; The word, the phrase, the sentence, or the group of sentences and the knowledge are expressed with a clear correspondence relationship, including arc information about arcs indicating the nature of the nodes and / or the relationships between the nodes. A knowledge base for storing knowledge object network information related to the knowledge object network,
With
Executed in the control unit,
A specific information acquisition step of specifying the node constituting the knowledge object network corresponding to an arbitrary word and acquiring specific information including the node information and / or the arc information related to the node;
A specific information output step for outputting the specific information via the output unit;
A knowledge information processing method comprising: A program for causing a knowledge information processing apparatus including at least an output unit, a control unit, and a storage unit to execute,
The storage unit
Node information relating to a node representing knowledge expressed in the word, the phrase, the sentence, or the group of sentences, and associated with unique identification information for the word, phrase, sentence, or group of sentences described in a natural language; The word, the phrase, the sentence, or the group of sentences and the knowledge are expressed with a clear correspondence relationship, including arc information about arcs indicating the nature of the nodes and / or the relationships between the nodes. A knowledge base for storing knowledge object network information related to the knowledge object network,
With
In the control unit,
A specific information acquisition step of specifying the node constituting the knowledge object network corresponding to an arbitrary word and acquiring specific information including the node information and / or the arc information related to the node;
A specific information output step for outputting the specific information via the output unit;
A program for running

Images