JP2014082764A - Image display device, image display method, server apparatus and image data structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an image display device capable of effectively displaying moving images in a panoramic image.SOLUTION: A control point detection section 20 extracts a feature point between a panoramic image and a part of a frame of the moving image to detect a control point for associating the moving image to a region of the panoramic image. An alignment processing section 12 adjusts the alignment of the moving image with respect to the panoramic image based on the control point. A mapping processing section 14 performs mapping of the panoramic image and a still image frame of the moving image after alignment processing as a texture in a three-dimensional panoramic space. A three-dimensional image generation section 16 generates a three-dimensional panoramic image when the three-dimensional panoramic space is viewed in a specified viewing direction. Receiving an instruction to reproduce a moving image in the three-dimensional panoramic image, a moving image reproduction section 22 reproduces the moving image.

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for displaying an image.

  Digital still cameras and digital video cameras have become widespread, and there are more opportunities to save and view captured still images and movies on a computer, display them on the screen of game consoles and television (TV) systems. Yes. In addition, it is also popular to upload a captured video to an Internet posting site and share the video with other users.

  Some digital cameras can take panoramic images, and it has become possible to easily take panoramic images with a wide viewing angle. A software tool that generates a panoramic image by combining a plurality of images taken by a digital camera while changing the shooting direction is also often used.

  There is also a site called 360 cities (http; // www.360cities.net) that accepts postings of panoramic images taken by users and publishes them on the Internet, and can browse panoramic images posted by users all over the world. .

  When the panoramic image is a still image, it may be desired to provide a moving image instead of the still image for some objects captured in the panoramic image. For example, in the case of a panoramic image obtained by photographing a night view, a still image is sufficiently beautiful, but in the case of a moving image, it can be shown that the lighting of a building is turned on or off, and the realism and beauty are further increased. In addition, if a moving object is converted into a moving image, a dynamic feeling can be given to the panoramic image. In addition, when viewing the entire landscape through a panoramic image and then viewing the details while focusing on the object of interest, more information can be provided if a moving image is provided.

  The present invention has been made in view of these problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a technique capable of effectively displaying a moving image in a still image.

  In order to solve the above-described problem, a panoramic image display device according to an aspect of the present invention extracts a feature point between a panoramic image and a partial frame of a moving image to be pasted on the panoramic image. A detection unit for detecting a control point for associating a moving image with the region of the panoramic image, an alignment processing unit for adjusting alignment of the moving image with respect to the panoramic image based on the control point, and the panoramic image and alignment processing A mapping processing unit that maps the still image frame of the moving image as a texture to a three-dimensional panoramic space, and the three-dimensional panoramic space is viewed in a specified line-of-sight direction with the shooting location of the panoramic image as a viewpoint position A 3D image generation unit for generating a 3D panoramic image of A display control unit for displaying the 3D panoramic image on a screen; an interface unit for accepting a user's instruction for the displayed 3D panoramic image; and an instruction for the interface unit to reproduce the moving image in the 3D panoramic image. Is received, the moving image reproducing unit for reproducing the moving image is included.

  Another aspect of the present invention is also a panoramic image display device. The apparatus includes an alignment processing unit that adjusts alignment of at least a part of a frame of the moving image with respect to the panoramic image when a panoramic image and a moving image to be pasted on the panoramic image are given, and alignment with the panoramic image. A display control unit that displays the processed still image frame of the moving image on a screen, an interface unit that receives a user instruction for the displayed panoramic image, and the interface unit displays the moving image in the panoramic image. A moving image reproduction unit that reproduces the moving image when an instruction to reproduce is received. When the interface unit receives an instruction to zoom in on an area including the moving image in the panoramic image, the moving image reproduction unit starts reproducing the moving image instead of the still image frame of the moving image. .

  Yet another embodiment of the present invention is a panoramic image display method. In this method, a processor reads out a panoramic image and a moving image to be pasted on the panoramic image from a storage device, adjusts an alignment of at least a part of the frame of the moving image with respect to the panoramic image, and the processor includes: A step of superimposing a still image frame of the moving image that has undergone alignment processing on a panoramic image and displaying the frame on a screen; a step of receiving a user instruction for the displayed panoramic image; A step of starting reproduction of the moving image instead of the still image frame of the moving image when an instruction to zoom in on an area including the moving image is received.

  It should be noted that any combination of the above-described constituent elements and the expression of the present invention converted between a method, an apparatus, a system, a computer program, a data structure, a recording medium, and the like are also effective as an aspect of the present invention.

  According to the present invention, a moving image can be effectively displayed in a still image.

1 is a configuration diagram of a panoramic image display device according to an embodiment. It is a block diagram of the controller which is an example of the input device connected to the panorama image display apparatus of FIG. FIGS. 3A to 3D are diagrams for explaining the mechanism and shooting direction of the omnidirectional shooting system used for shooting a panoramic image. 4A illustrates the azimuth angle θ of the camera, and FIG. 4B illustrates the elevation angle φ of the camera. FIGS. 5A to 5C are diagrams illustrating panoramic images that are shot when the initial position of the camera is in the direction of the azimuth angle θ. FIGS. 6A to 6C are views for explaining panoramic images taken when the elevation angle φ of the camera is 60 °. It is a figure explaining the method of connecting a some image and producing a panoramic image. It is a figure explaining the method of connecting a some image and producing a panoramic image. It is a flowchart explaining the panorama image generation procedure by the panorama image display apparatus of FIG. FIGS. 9A and 9B are diagrams showing examples of panoramic images and moving images to be pasted thereon. It is a figure which shows another moving image which should be affixed on a panoramic image. It is a figure which shows the panoramic image which affixed the moving image of FIG. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an image displayed when zooming in on a region where a moving image is pasted in the panoramic image illustrated in FIG. 11. It is a figure which shows the panoramic image on which the moving image was affixed. FIGS. 14A, 14B, and 14C show how a moving image is reproduced by zooming in on a moving image region in the panoramic image. It is an example of a screen when zooming out and returning to the panoramic image of FIG. It is a figure which shows the example which readjusted the alignment of a moving image and was affixed on the panoramic image.

  An outline of an embodiment of the present invention will be described. Align and paste a still image frame of a moving image to a panoramic image. When the area including the moving image in the panoramic image is zoomed in, reproduction of the moving image is started instead of the still image frame displayed so far. Since the captured moving image includes a camera shake component, the image is disturbed in the boundary region between the moving image and the panoramic image. In view of this, in the boundary region, the effect of camera shake is reduced by alpha blending the moving image and the panoramic image. When playback of a moving image is interrupted and zoomed out, the last displayed frame is realigned with the panoramic image and displayed. Alternatively, when zoomed out, the original panoramic image may be switched and displayed.

  FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a panoramic image display apparatus 100 according to an embodiment. The functional configuration of the panoramic image display device 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 can be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination thereof in a personal computer, a game machine, a portable device, a portable terminal, or the like as an example. A part of these functional configurations is mounted on a server and a part is mounted on a client, and the panoramic image display apparatus 100 may be realized as a server-client system via a network.

  The panoramic image / additional data storage unit 24 holds a panoramic image in which information about the shooting location and information about the shooting direction are associated. Additional data such as information on the shooting location and shooting direction may be added directly to the panoramic image data file, and the additional data may be managed as a separate file from the panoramic image.

  The information regarding the shooting location includes, for example, latitude / longitude information given by GPS (Global Positioning System). The information on the shooting direction includes, for example, information on the azimuth angle of the center point of the panoramic image obtained from the direction sensor, and may include information on the elevation angle and roll angle of the camera at the time of shooting.

  If the azimuth angle of the center point of the panoramic image is given as information on the shooting azimuth, the azimuth of an arbitrary point of the panoramic image can be calculated based on the angle of panning the camera in the left-right direction. Put the coordinate values of the pixels in the true north, true south, true east, and true west directions of the panoramic image calculated based on the azimuth angle and pan angle of the center point of the panoramic image as information on the shooting direction. May be.

  The panorama image acquisition unit 10 acquires a panorama image to be displayed from the panorama image / additional data storage unit 24. The panorama image to be displayed is specified, for example, by the user specifying the shooting location on a map or the like.

  The moving image data storage unit 26 holds a moving image associated with information related to the shooting location. The information regarding the shooting location includes, for example, latitude / longitude information given by GPS at the time of shooting. The information regarding the shooting location may be a unique name of the shot object such as a place name or a facility name.

  The moving image acquisition unit 11 acquires a moving image to be pasted on the panoramic image from the moving image data storage unit 26. The moving image acquisition unit 11 acquires information regarding the shooting location of the panoramic image to be displayed acquired by the panoramic image acquisition unit 10 from the panoramic image / additional data storage unit 24, and a moving image shot at the same or a nearby shooting location. An image may be acquired from the moving image data storage unit 26. The shooting location may be specified by latitude and longitude information, or the shooting location may be indirectly specified by specifically specifying a place name, a facility name, or the like.

  In addition, when there are a plurality of moving images shot at the same place but with different shooting time zones or shooting seasons, the moving image acquisition unit 11 selects a moving image that matches the shooting time zone or shooting season of the panoramic image. Also good. For example, a moving image taken in the spring is selected as a panoramic image taken in the spring, and a moving image taken in the night time is selected as a panoramic image taken in the night time.

  The control point detection unit 20 detects a control point that associates a panoramic image with a moving image by performing feature point extraction between the panoramic image and the frame of the moving image. If feature points are extracted for all frames of a moving image, processing time is required. For example, several frames are selected from the beginning of the moving image, and feature points are extracted between the panoramic image and those frames. A known technique used in image matching can be used for the feature point extraction processing.

  When the feature point extraction process is completed, a control point suitable for associating the moving image frame with the panoramic image region is selected from the extracted feature points. Although many feature points are extracted, it is desirable that the control points are distributed evenly over the entire moving image frame. Preferably, the lattice points when the moving image frame is divided into a plurality of regions in a lattice shape are preferably used. If the control point can be selected, the moving image frame can be aligned with the panoramic image area with high accuracy.

  The alignment processing unit 12 adjusts the alignment of the moving image with respect to the panoramic image based on the control point. Specifically, the moving image is enlarged / reduced and deformed so that the control point of the moving image frame corresponds to the control point of the panoramic image. Since the panoramic image has distortion due to wide-angle shooting, the moving image frame is also deformed accordingly. As a result, the pan, tilt, roll, and scale of the moving image frame are obtained for mapping to the panoramic image.

  Here, since the control points are set for several frames from the beginning of the moving image, for example, each of those frames is aligned to the panoramic image area based on the control points, but using the least square method, Determine the optimal pan, tilt, roll, and scale for those frames. The moving image is associated with the panoramic image area based on the finally determined alignment. In the panoramic image area, one frame of a moving image that has been subjected to alignment processing based on the final determined pan, tilt, roll, and scale, for example, the first frame is pasted as a still image.

  The mapping processing unit 14 performs a process of mapping the panoramic image and the still image frame of the moving image subjected to the alignment processing as a texture to the three-dimensional panoramic space.

  In the case of an omnidirectional panoramic image, a sphere is assumed as a three-dimensional panoramic space, and the panoramic image is texture-mapped to a spherical surface by spherical mapping. Alternatively, a cube may be assumed as the three-dimensional panorama space, and the panorama image may be texture-mapped on the cube surface by cube mapping. Further, when the panorama image is an image that does not have a component in the tilt direction and spreads only in the pan direction, a cylinder may be assumed as the three-dimensional panorama space, and the panorama image may be texture-mapped on the cylinder surface. The same applies to a case where the panoramic image has no pan direction component and spreads only in the tilt direction.

  The three-dimensional image generation unit 16 generates a three-dimensional panoramic image when the mapping processing unit 14 views the three-dimensional panoramic space in which the panoramic image and the still image frame of the moving image are mapped in the designated line-of-sight direction. When the three-dimensional panoramic space is a sphere, the viewpoint is placed at the center of the sphere. When the cube is a cube, the viewpoint is placed at the center inside the cube. In the case of a cylinder, the viewpoint is placed on the center axis of the cylinder. The viewpoint is a place where a panoramic image to be displayed is photographed, and the line-of-sight direction is a direction of looking around from the photographing place, and is specified by an azimuth angle and an elevation angle. The three-dimensional image generation unit 16 generates a three-dimensional image when the three-dimensional panoramic space is viewed in the viewing direction specified by the azimuth angle and the elevation angle.

  The moving image reproduction unit 22 reproduces the moving image pasted in the three-dimensional panoramic image generated by the three-dimensional image generation unit 16 and gives it to the display control unit 18. In the panoramic image, a region to which the moving image is pasted is provided with a link to the moving image data stored in the moving image data storage unit 26. The moving image reproduction unit 22 encodes the code based on the link information. The converted moving image data is read from the moving image data storage unit 26, decoded and reproduced.

  The display control unit 18 displays the generated three-dimensional panoramic image on the screen of the display device. In addition, the display control unit 18 displays the moving image reproduced by the moving image reproducing unit 22 on the screen of the display device.

  The reproduction of a moving image is automatically started, for example, when the panorama image area to which the still image frame of the moving image is pasted is zoomed in. In addition, a symbol indicating that a moving image exists is displayed in the panoramic image area where the still image frame of the moving image is pasted, and the moving image is reproduced when the user selects the symbol. Also good.

  When the shooting direction or the shooting magnification changes greatly due to a change in camera pan, tilt, or roll between frames or a change in the zoom ratio of the camera during video playback, the control point detector 20 detects the shooting direction or shooting. A feature point extraction process is performed between a few frames after the change in magnification (referred to as the “latest frame”) and the panorama image, a control point is newly detected from the extracted feature points, and the alignment processing unit 12 Control point information may be provided.

  In this case, the alignment processing unit 12 readjusts the alignment of the moving image with respect to the panoramic image based on the new control point, and associates the latest frame of the moving image with the panoramic image region. The mapping processing unit 14 maps the final display frame of the moving image subjected to the alignment processing together with the panoramic image into the three-dimensional panoramic space. Accordingly, the moving image is appropriately aligned with the panoramic image based on the latest alignment information and displayed in the panoramic image.

  The initial alignment processing of a moving image is performed based on control points detected from several frames from the beginning of the moving image. If a frame being reproduced is displayed in the panoramic image area based on the initial alignment result, inconsistency may occur if there is a change in the shooting direction or shooting magnification of the camera. By re-detecting the control point for the frame being reproduced and readjusting the alignment, it is possible to accurately associate the frame of the moving image being reproduced with the panoramic image region.

  In particular, when the shooting location has moved during shooting of a moving image, the position of the panoramic image to which the frame being reproduced is to be pasted has moved from the pasting position determined in the initial alignment processing. Therefore, if control point detection and alignment processing are performed again for a frame that is being reproduced, the frame that is being reproduced can be correctly associated with the position to which the panoramic image is moved.

  The readjustment of the alignment of the moving image may be performed when the reproduction of the moving image is completed or interrupted. Moving image playback is performed when you zoom in on the panoramic image area where the still image frame of the moving image is pasted, so you don't mind even if the frame you are playing is not properly aligned with the panoramic image However, it may be unnatural if the playback of the video is terminated or interrupted, zoomed out, and the frame displayed at the end of the video (referred to as the “final display frame”) is not correctly aligned with the panorama image. It is. Therefore, the control point detection unit 20 performs a feature point extraction process between the final display frame and the panoramic image to newly detect a control point, and the alignment processing unit 12 adds a moving image to the panoramic image based on the new control point. The image alignment may be readjusted, and the final display frame of the moving image may be associated with the panoramic image region. As a result, the last display frame of the moving image, that is, the last frame when the playback of the moving image is finished, and the frame displayed when the playback of the moving image is interrupted in the middle are appropriately converted into a panoramic image. Aligned and displayed in the panoramic image.

  When the shooting direction or the shooting magnification changes between frames during playback of a moving image exceeding a predetermined threshold, the control point detection unit 20 newly detects a control point between the latest frame and the panoramic image. Alignment readjustment by the alignment processing unit 12 is not performed at that time, and only the control point information is stored in the memory, and when necessary, for example, when the panoramic image is zoomed out, the alignment processing unit 12 The alignment may be readjusted.

  The user interface unit 40 is a graphical user interface that allows the user to operate the graphics displayed on the display screen using an input device. The user interface unit 40 receives a user instruction from an input device such as a game console controller, a mouse, or a keyboard for a map or a three-dimensional panoramic image displayed on the screen. FIG. 2 shows a controller 102 as an example of an input device, and details of the configuration will be described later. When there is no input from the input device for a certain period of time, an operation command may be executed in accordance with the script on the map or 3D panoramic image displayed on the screen by the script playback unit.

  The user interface unit 40 instructs the panorama image acquisition unit 10 to acquire the designated panorama image from the panorama image / additional data storage unit 24.

  For example, the user can input an instruction to change the line-of-sight direction of viewing the three-dimensional panoramic space by operating the analog stick 118 or the direction key group 116 of the controller 102. The line-of-sight direction setting unit 32 of the user interface unit 40 gives the line-of-sight direction indicated by the user to the three-dimensional image generation unit 16. The three-dimensional image generation unit 16 generates an image when the three-dimensional panoramic space is viewed from the designated line-of-sight direction.

  The angle-of-view setting unit 31 sets the angle of view when the user performs a zoom operation on the displayed panoramic image, and the information on the angle of view set in the panoramic image acquisition unit 10 and the three-dimensional image generation unit 16 is set. give. When panoramic images having different angles of view are stored in the panoramic image / additional data storage unit 24, the panoramic image acquisition unit 10 reads a panoramic image having the angle of view closest to the set angle of view, and displays a panoramic image to be displayed. Switch. The three-dimensional image generation unit 16 realizes a zoom-in / zoom-out visual effect by enlarging / reducing the three-dimensional panoramic image according to the set angle of view.

  The panorama image is also provided with information on the shooting altitude, and the panorama image / additional data storage unit 24 may hold panorama images shot at different altitudes at the same shooting position. In that case, for example, the user can input an instruction to change the altitude by operating the L1 / L2 buttons 161 and 162 on the left side of the front surface of the housing of the controller 102. By pressing the L1 button 161, an instruction to raise the altitude can be given, and by pushing the L2 button 162, an instruction to lower the altitude can be given.

  For example, the display control unit 18 may notify the user that there are panoramic images taken at different altitudes at the same shooting location by displaying small arrows at the top and bottom of the screen. Good. If there is an upward arrow at the top of the screen, it indicates that there is an image with a higher shooting altitude than the current level, and if there is an downward arrow at the bottom of the screen, it indicates that there is an image with a lower shooting altitude than the current level.

  When the altitude setting unit 34 of the user interface unit 40 receives an instruction to change the altitude from the user, the altitude setting unit 34 acquires a panoramic image corresponding to the designated altitude from the panoramic image / additional data storage unit 24 at the same shooting position. In this way, the panorama image acquisition unit 10 is instructed. When the L1 button 161 is pressed, the panorama image acquisition unit 10 acquires a panorama image having a higher shooting altitude than the currently displayed panorama image, and when the L2 button 162 is pressed, the panorama image acquisition unit 10 acquires the shooting altitude. Get a lower panoramic image.

  When the display control unit 18 switches and displays panoramic images with different shooting altitudes, the display control unit 18 may apply a special effect to the images, for example, in order to give a feeling as if the user is moving up and down with an elevator. For example, when switching to a higher-level panoramic image, the user scrolls down the currently displayed panoramic image so that the higher-level panoramic image descends from the top, so that the user can move up and down. You can feel as if you went to.

  The panorama image is also given information related to the shooting date and time, and the panorama image / additional data storage unit 24 may hold panorama images with different shooting dates and times at the same shooting position. In that case, for example, the user can input an instruction to change the shooting date and time by operating the R1 / R2 buttons 151 and 152 on the right side of the front surface of the housing of the controller 102. An instruction to shift to a later date and time can be given by pressing the R1 button 151, and an instruction to shift to an earlier date and time can be given by pressing the R2 button 152.

  The display control unit 18 may notify the user that there are panoramic images taken at different dates and times for the currently displayed panoramic image, for example, by displaying a clock or calendar icon at the corner of the screen. A clock icon is displayed when there are panoramic images with different time zones such as morning, noon, and night, and a calendar icon is displayed when there are panoramic images with different seasons such as spring, summer, autumn, and winter.

  When receiving an instruction to change the date / time from the user, the date / time setting unit 36 of the user interface unit 40 obtains a panorama image corresponding to the designated date / time from the panorama image / additional data storage unit 24 at the same shooting position. The panorama image acquisition unit 10 is instructed to do so. When the R1 button 151 is pressed, the panorama image acquisition unit 10 acquires a panorama image whose shooting date and time is later than that of the currently displayed panorama image, and when the R2 button 152 is pressed, the panorama image acquisition unit 10 acquires the shooting date and time. Get a faster panoramic image.

  Thus, for example, even at the same shooting location, a panoramic image taken in the morning time zone is switched to a panoramic image in the night time zone, or a panoramic image taken in the autumn from the panoramic image taken in the spring It is possible to switch to a panoramic image with a different time zone or season. When switching the panoramic image, the display control unit 18 may apply an effect such as fade-in / fade-out to the image.

  The viewpoint position setting unit 30 sets the panoramic image shooting location as the viewpoint position, and notifies the three-dimensional image generation unit 16 of the viewpoint position. The line-of-sight direction setting unit 32 gives the specified line-of-sight direction to the three-dimensional image generation unit 16.

  FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of the controller 102 as an example of an input device connected to the panoramic image display apparatus 100 of FIG. The panorama image display device 100 may be a game machine as an example.

  The controller 102 has a plurality of buttons and keys for performing operation input to the panoramic image display apparatus 100. When the user operates a button or key of the controller 102, the operation input is transmitted to the panoramic image display apparatus 100 by wireless or wired.

  A direction key group 116, an analog stick 118, and an operation button group 120 are provided on the housing upper surface 122 of the controller 102. The direction key group 116 includes “up”, “down”, “left”, and “right” direction instruction keys. The operation button group 120 includes a circle button 124, a x button 126, a square button 128, and a Δ button 130.

  The user grips the left grip 134b with the left hand, grips the right grip 134a with the right hand, and operates the direction key group 116, the analog stick 118, and the operation button group 120 on the housing upper surface 122.

  Further, a right operation unit 150 and a left operation unit 160 are provided on the front surface of the housing of the controller 102. The right operation unit 150 includes an R1 button 151 and an R2 button 152, and the left operation unit 160 includes an L1 button 161 and an L2 button 162.

  The user can move the pointer displayed on the screen in the up, down, left, and right directions by operating the direction key group 116. For example, when selecting any of the plurality of markers displayed in the panoramic image, the direction key group 116 can be operated to move between the plurality of markers on the screen. When the pointer is over a desired marker, the user can select the marker by pressing the ○ button 124.

  Different functions may be assigned to the buttons of the operation button group 120 depending on the panoramic image display application program. For example, the Δ button 130 has a function for specifying menu display, the X button 126 has a function for specifying cancellation of a selected item, the ○ button 124 has a function for specifying determination of a selected item, and the □ button. 128 is assigned a function for designating display / non-display of the table of contents.

  The analog stick 118 includes means for outputting an analog value when it is tilted by a user. The controller 102 sends an analog output signal corresponding to the direction and amount when the analog stick 118 is tilted to the panoramic image display device 100. For example, the user can move the viewpoint in a desired direction in the three-dimensional panoramic image displayed on the display by tilting the analog stick 118 in a desired direction.

  On the top surface 122 of the housing, a button 136 with an LED, a select button 140, and a start button 138 are further provided. The button 136 with LED is used as a button for displaying a menu screen on a display, for example. The start button 138 is a button for the user to instruct the start of the panorama image display application, the start of playback of the panorama image, the pause, and the like. The select button 140 is a button for the user to instruct selection of a menu display displayed on the display.

  FIGS. 3A to 3D are views for explaining the mechanism and shooting direction of the omnidirectional shooting system 230 used for shooting a panoramic image.

  As shown in FIG. 3D, in the omnidirectional imaging system 230, the camera 200 is fixed to the operation panel 210, and the pan angle of the camera is changed by rotating the operation panel 210 around the Z axis, so that the X axis The tilt angle of the camera can be changed by rotating around, and the roll angle of the camera can be changed by rotating around the Y axis. Here, the Z axis is a vertical axis (gravity direction axis).

  FIG. 3A is a top view of the camera 200 installed on the operation panel 210. The initial position (Y-axis direction) of the operation panel is a pan angle of 0 °, and −180 ° to + 180 ° around the Z axis. The pan angle can be changed within the range.

  FIG. 3B is a front view of the camera 200 installed on the operation panel 210. When the operation panel 210 is placed horizontally, the roll angle is 0 °, and −180 ° to + 180 ° around the Y axis. The roll angle can be changed within the range.

  FIG. 3C is a side view of the camera 200 installed on the operation panel 210. When the operation panel 210 is placed horizontally, the tilt angle is 0 °, and −90 ° to + 90 ° around the X axis. The tilt angle can be changed within the range.

  In order to give information about the shooting direction to the panoramic image shot by the omnidirectional shooting system 230 of FIG. 3D, it is necessary to record in which direction the camera 200 was directed at the time of shooting. For this purpose, the omnidirectional imaging system 230 includes an azimuth sensor for measuring the azimuth and an acceleration sensor for measuring the tilt angle. Furthermore, a GPS sensor or the like is provided for measuring the shooting position and shooting time.

  4A illustrates the azimuth angle θ of the camera 200, and FIG. 4B illustrates the elevation angle φ of the camera 200. FIG. 4A is a top view of the camera 200. The camera 200 faces a direction 220 that is shifted from true north to east by an azimuth angle θ at the initial shooting position, which corresponds to a pan angle of 0 °. To do. That is, the azimuth angle of the pan angle reference direction 220 is θ. When shooting a panoramic image, the subject is panoramic shot while changing the pan angle in a range of −180 ° to + 180 ° with respect to the reference direction 220 of the azimuth angle θ.

  FIG. 4B is a side view of the camera 200, and the elevation angle φ is defined as positive when the camera 200 is rotated about the X axis, ie, the upward direction with respect to the 0 ° tilt direction, that is, the Y axis direction. It is an angle to do. Usually, since the camera 200 is set to the horizontal position and shot, the elevation angle φ = 0 °. However, in order to take a panoramic image of the whole celestial sphere, it is necessary to tilt the camera and change the elevation angle φ to shoot the subject. There is.

  FIGS. 5A to 5C are diagrams illustrating panoramic images that are shot when the initial position of the camera 200 is in the direction of the azimuth angle θ.

  As shown in the top view of FIG. 5A, the camera 200 faces the direction 220 of the azimuth angle θ at the initial position, and the elevation angle φ = 0 of the camera 200 as shown in the side view of FIG. °. While maintaining the elevation angle φ = 0 °, panoramic images of all directions at the elevation angle φ = 0 ° are taken while changing the pan angle of the camera 200 in the range of −180 ° to + 180 ° with respect to the reference direction 220. FIG. 5C shows a panoramic image 300 shot in this way. The center of the panorama image 300 has a pan angle of 0 °, the left half of the panorama image 300 is an image taken by changing the pan angle from 0 ° to −180 °, and the right half has a pan angle of 0 ° to 180 °. It is an image that was taken by changing up to.

  Since the center position of pan angle 0 ° of panorama image 300 is shifted east from true north by azimuth angle θ, the positions of north (N), south (S), east (E), and west (W) are dotted lines. It becomes the part shown by. As long as the panoramic image 300 has the azimuth angle θ at the center position with a pan angle of 0 ° as information on the shooting direction, the pixel positions of north (N), south (S), east (E), and west (W) are In consideration of the deviation of the azimuth angle θ, it can be obtained by calculation. Alternatively, instead of the azimuth angle θ, the coordinate values of the pixel positions of north (N), south (S), east (E), and west (W) may be already used as information regarding the shooting direction.

  In order to obtain a panoramic image of the whole celestial sphere, it is necessary to shoot by changing the elevation angle of the camera 200. For example, assuming that the angle of view of the camera 200 is 60 °, in principle, the camera 200 is tilted by ± 60 ° up and down, and the same shooting is performed while changing the pan angle in the range of −180 ° to 180 °. The panoramic image of the whole celestial sphere can be obtained.

  FIGS. 6A to 6C are views for explaining panoramic images taken when the elevation angle φ of the camera 200 is 60 °. As shown in the top view of FIG. 6A, the camera 200 faces the direction 220 of the azimuth angle θ at the initial position, and the elevation angle φ = 60 of the camera 200 as shown in the side view of FIG. °. While maintaining the elevation angle φ = 60 °, the pan angle of the camera 200 is changed in the range of −180 ° to + 180 ° with respect to the reference direction 220, and the elevation angle φ = 60 ° as shown in FIG. A panoramic image 302 is taken.

  Similarly, while maintaining the elevation angle of the camera 200 at φ = −60 °, the panoramic image at the elevation angle φ = −60 ° is shot while the pan angle is changed in the range of −180 ° to + 180 °. An omnidirectional panoramic image can be obtained by combining panoramic images with elevation angles φ = 0 °, 60 °, and −60 °. However, in terms of mounting, in order to correct inconsistency caused by lens distortion when images are bonded at the boundary portion of the angle of view, a method of photographing the vicinity of the boundary is often employed.

  The omnidirectional panoramic image obtained in this way is given information on the azimuth angle and the elevation angle, and the azimuth and elevation angle can be specified for any pixel of the panoramic image based on the information. In addition, latitude / longitude information measured by GPS is given to the panoramic image as position information of the shooting location. For example, the additional information to be added to the panoramic image may be recorded in accordance with an image file standard called Exif (Exchangeable Image File Format). The place name of the shooting location can be recorded in a part of the file name, and the shooting date and time, the latitude / longitude of the shooting location, the altitude, the azimuth angle, etc. can be recorded as Exif format data. The elevation angle is not defined in the Exif format, but is recorded as extended data.

  7A and 7B are diagrams illustrating a method of creating a panoramic image by connecting a plurality of images.

  In the example of FIG. 7A, seven images 341 to 347 taken while tilting (or panning) the camera 200 are mapped onto a cylinder, and then joined together to create a cylindrical image 340. When joining the images, overlap the borders of the images.

  As shown in FIG. 7B, by shooting with the camera 200 panned (or tilted), a plurality of cylindrical images shown in FIG. 7A are obtained in the pan (or tilted) direction. By combining these cylindrical images 340a to 340f by overlapping the vicinity of the boundary between the images, an omnidirectional panoramic image 360 is finally obtained.

  FIG. 8 is a flowchart for explaining a panoramic image generation procedure by the panoramic image display apparatus 100. Each step of the panoramic image generation procedure in FIG. 8 will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 (a) and 9 (b) to FIG. In the flowchart shown in FIG. 8, the processing procedure of each part is displayed by a combination of S (acronym for Step) meaning a step and a number. In addition, when a determination process is executed by the process displayed by the combination of S and a number, and the determination result is affirmative, Y (acronym for Yes) is added, for example (Y in S24) If the result of the determination is negative, N (acronym for No) is added and (N in S24) is displayed.

  The panoramic image acquisition unit 10 acquires information about the captured panoramic image 400 and the shooting location added thereto from the panoramic image / additional data storage unit 24 (S10). The moving image acquisition unit 11 acquires, from the moving image data storage unit 26, the moving image 500 captured at the same location as or near the shooting location of the panoramic image 400 (S12).

  The control point detection unit 20 acquires several frames from the beginning of the moving image 500 (S14), extracts feature points that can be matched between the panoramic image 400 and the frames of the moving image 500, and among the extracted feature points. Then, a control point for positioning the frame of the moving image 500 in the region of the panoramic image 400 is selected (S16).

  FIGS. 9A and 9B are diagrams showing examples of a panoramic image 400 and a moving image 500 to be pasted thereon. Here, four control points are detected between the panoramic image 400 of FIG. 9A and the first frame of the moving image 500 of FIG. 9B, and the corresponding control points of the two images are indicated by dotted lines. So that they are related.

  The alignment processing unit 12 adjusts the alignment of the moving image 500 with respect to the panoramic image 400 based on the control point, and associates the moving image 500 with the region of the panoramic image 400 (S18).

  FIG. 10 is a diagram showing another moving image 510 to be pasted on the panoramic image. The moving image 510 is a photograph of a ferris wheel. FIG. 11 is a view showing a panoramic image 410 to which the moving image 510 of FIG. 10 is pasted. In the panoramic image 410, the ferris wheel is originally photographed, and the still image of the first frame of the moving image 510 of the ferris wheel is pasted in the photographing area of the ferris wheel. In another embodiment, the panoramic image 410 is not photographed with a ferris wheel, but the moving image 510 can be pasted to make it appear as if the ferris wheel is virtually there.

  Returning to the flowchart of FIG. 8, the mapping processing unit 14 maps the panoramic images 400 and 410 associated with the moving images 500 and 510 to the panoramic sphere (S20). The three-dimensional image generation unit 16 generates and displays a three-dimensional panoramic image when the three-dimensional panoramic sphere to which the panoramic images 400 and 410 associated with the moving images 500 and 510 are mapped is viewed in the specified viewing direction. The control unit 18 displays the generated three-dimensional panoramic image (S22).

  When the user performs an operation of zooming in on an area including the moving images 500 and 510 pasted on the panoramic images 400 and 410 (Y in S24), the moving image reproducing unit 22 starts reproducing the moving images 500 and 510. To do. Thereby, in the moving image 500, the state where the lighting of the building is turned on and off and the state where the elevator moves up and down are reproduced, and in the moving image 510, the state where the ferris wheel rotates is reproduced. When the zoom-in operation is not performed on the moving images 500 and 510 (N in S24), the panorama image generation process is terminated.

  The moving image playback unit 22 alpha blends the boundary area between the moving images 500 and 510 and the panoramic images 400 and 410 when playing back a moving image (S26).

  FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an image 412 displayed when the zoomed-in area of the panoramic image 410 shown in FIG. When the moving image 510 is reproduced, the boundary line 512 between the moving image 510 and the panoramic image 410 is disturbed because the boundary line moves for each frame due to the influence of camera shake. This is because the first few frames of the moving image 510 are aligned with the panoramic image, but the control points of all the frames do not match the control points of the panoramic image due to the influence of camera shake. The disturbance of the boundary region due to the camera shake does not exist when the still image frame of the moving image 510 is pasted on the panoramic image 410 as shown in FIG. 11, but occurs when the moving image 510 is reproduced by zooming in.

  Therefore, the moving image reproduction unit 22 does not make the boundary region inconspicuous in the boundary region 512 between the moving image 510 and the panoramic image 410 by alpha blending the pixels of each frame of the moving image 510 and the pixels of the panoramic image 410. Post-process.

  If the amount of change in the shooting direction or the shooting magnification between frames is within a predetermined threshold during moving image reproduction (N in S28), the process in step S26 is repeated. When the amount of change in the shooting direction or the shooting magnification between frames exceeds a predetermined threshold (Y in S28), the moving image playback unit 22 uses several frames (“the latest frame” after the change in the shooting direction or the shooting magnification. ”) (S30), the process returns to step S16, the control point detection unit 20 newly detects a control point for associating the latest frame of the moving image with the panoramic image region, and the alignment processing unit 12 The moving image alignment is readjusted based on various control points, and the final display frame of the moving image is associated with the panoramic image.

  The moving image alignment readjustment process will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a panoramic image 420 to which the moving image 520 is pasted. The moving image 520 is an image of a carriage. By matching the background image, the first frame of the moving image 520 is associated with the region of the panoramic image 420 and pasted.

  FIGS. 14A, 14 </ b> B, and 14 </ b> C show a state in which the moving image 520 is reproduced by zooming in on the region of the moving image 520 in the panoramic image 420. Each frame in FIG. 14A, FIG. 14B, and FIG. 14C shows frames reproduced from the moving image 520 in time order. The carriage traveled from right to left in the panoramic image 420 and arrived in front of the Ferris wheel.

  FIG. 15 is a screen example when zooming out and returning to the panoramic image 420 of FIG. When zoomed out, the playback of the moving image is interrupted, and the frame that was displayed last is displayed. Alternatively, the playback of the moving image may be continued even after zooming out, and the latest frame may be displayed. Here, the case where alignment readjustment is not performed will be described for comparison. Based on the first alignment result of the moving image 520, the moving image 520 is aligned on the right side of the panoramic image 420, but what is displayed is the last displayed or the latest FIG. Therefore, the background of the moving image 520 does not match the panoramic image 420 and is unnatural.

  FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example in which the alignment of the moving image 520 is readjusted and pasted on the panoramic image 420. Since the control point of the background image of the final display frame of the moving image 520 is associated with the control point of the movement destination area of the panoramic image 420, the background of the moving image 520 matches the panoramic image 420. As described above, when the object (the carriage in this example) photographed in the moving image 520 moves, the position where the moving image 520 is pasted on the panoramic image 420 is also moved following the movement.

  Note that when displaying the first frame of the moving image instead of displaying the final display frame when the playback of the moving image is interrupted by zooming out, the moving image 520 is displayed based on the first alignment result. As shown in FIG. 15, alignment may be performed on the right side of the panoramic image 420.

  The moving position of the moving image 520 may be moved when zoomed out. However, the control point of each frame of the moving image 520 is made to follow the control point in the panoramic image 420 in real time. The pasting position may be moved in the panoramic image 420. Even when zoomed in, a portion of the panoramic image 420 may be displayed around the moving image 520, and the pasting position of each frame is moved in the panoramic image 420 while the moving image 520 is being played back. Thus, the background image of each frame can be matched with the panoramic image 420 to maintain continuity.

  As described above, according to the panoramic image display device of the present embodiment, the still image frame of the moving image is accurately pasted and displayed on the panoramic image based on the control points obtained for the first few frames of the moving image. be able to. When zooming in on the area where the moving image is pasted, the reproduction of the moving image is automatically started. Although the position of the control point varies from frame to frame due to the influence of camera shake, the disturbance of the boundary region can be made inconspicuous by alpha blending the pixel values of the moving image and the panoramic image in the boundary region between the moving image and the panoramic image.

  When playback of a moving image is interrupted, a control point is obtained for the frame that was displayed when it was interrupted and pasted to the panorama image, so continuity with the panorama image can be maintained when zooming out. . In particular, when the object in the moving image moves and the shooting direction changes, the continuity between the moving image and the panoramic image can be maintained by moving the moving image pasting position in the panoramic image. .

  The present invention has been described based on the embodiments. The embodiments are exemplifications, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to combinations of the respective constituent elements and processing processes, and such modifications are within the scope of the present invention. .

  In the above description, the panorama image associated with the moving image is mapped to a three-dimensional panorama space such as a spherical surface, and the three-dimensional panorama image when the three-dimensional panorama space is viewed from the designated viewing direction is displayed on the screen. The panoramic image associated with the moving image may be simply displayed two-dimensionally. In this case, the configuration of the mapping processing unit 14 and the three-dimensional image generation unit 16 is unnecessary, and the panoramic image display device 100 can be simplified. Even in this case, the moving image is automatically reproduced when the area of the moving image associated with the two-dimensionally displayed panoramic image is zoomed in. Alternatively, the reproduction of the moving image may be started when the user selects a symbol indicating that the moving image is associated with the panoramic image.

  The panoramic image is not limited to the one taken with the omnidirectional photographing system as shown in FIG. 3, but is composed of an image photographed using a fisheye lens or a plurality of images photographed with a normal digital camera while changing the photographing direction. It may be an image.

  In the above description, after the alignment processing unit 12 associates the moving image with the panoramic image region, the mapping processing unit 14 maps the panoramic image and the still image frame of the moving image to the three-dimensional panoramic space. As another method, after the alignment processing unit 12 has performed processing for combining the still image frame of the moving image with the panoramic image region based on the control point, the mapping processing unit 14 combines the still image frame of the moving image. The panorama image may be mapped to the three-dimensional panorama space.

  Among the functional configurations of the panoramic image display device 100, a configuration related to a function of aligning and linking a moving image to a panoramic image is mainly implemented in the server, and the panoramic image and a moving image linked in the panoramic image are mainly viewed. The panorama image display apparatus 100 can also be realized as a server-client system via a network by mounting a configuration related to the function to the client. The server may execute a process of aligning and linking the still image frames of the moving image to the panoramic image, and the client may be provided with an interface for browsing the panoramic image to which the moving image is linked. When the user zooms in on the moving image area on the display screen of the client, the encoded stream of the moving image may be streamed from the server and decoded on the client side to reproduce the moving image.

  10 panorama image acquisition unit, 11 moving image acquisition unit, 12 alignment processing unit, 14 mapping processing unit, 16 three-dimensional image generation unit, 18 display control unit, 20 control point detection unit, 22 moving image reproduction unit, 24 panorama image / Additional data storage unit, 26 moving image data storage unit, 30 viewpoint position setting unit, 31 field angle setting unit, 32 gaze direction setting unit, 34 altitude setting unit, 36 date and time setting unit, 40 user interface unit, 100 panoramic image display device 200 cameras.

Claims (9)

An alignment processing unit that adjusts the alignment of the moving image with respect to the still image based on a control point for associating the moving image with a region of the still image;
A display control unit for displaying on the screen a still image frame of the moving image that has undergone alignment processing on the still image;
An interface unit for receiving a user instruction for the displayed still image;
An image display device comprising: a moving image reproduction unit that reproduces the moving image when the interface unit receives an instruction to reproduce the moving image in the still image.   When the interface unit receives an instruction to zoom in on an area including the moving image in the still image, the moving image reproduction unit starts reproducing the moving image instead of the still image frame of the moving image. The image display apparatus according to claim 1.   The moving image reproduction unit reduces the influence of mismatch between the moving image and the still image by alpha blending a boundary area between the moving image and the still image when reproducing the moving image. Item 3. The image display device according to Item 1 or 2. When the shooting direction or shooting magnification of the moving image has changed beyond a predetermined threshold, the alignment processing unit performs the stationary based on the updated control point for the latest frame after the shooting direction or shooting magnification has changed. Readjust the alignment of the video with respect to the image,
The image display device according to claim 1, wherein the display control unit displays the latest frame of the moving image whose alignment is readjusted on the screen so as to overlap the still image. A detection unit for detecting a control point for associating the moving image with the region of the still image by extracting feature points between the still image and a part of the frame of the moving image to be pasted on the still image; ,
A transmission unit that transmits the detected control point to a terminal device that browses the still image,
When the shooting direction or shooting magnification of the moving image changes beyond a predetermined threshold, the detection unit extracts feature points from the still image for the latest frame after the shooting direction or shooting magnification changes. Then, the server apparatus newly detects a control point for associating the moving image with the region of the still image, and the transmission unit transmits the new control point to the terminal apparatus.   A control point for associating the moving image with a region of the still image detected by extracting a feature point between the still image and a part of the frame of the moving image to be pasted on the still image; and An image data structure having a format structure in which still image data and moving image data are arranged. A processor reads a still image and a moving image to be pasted on the still image from a storage device, and adjusts the alignment of the moving image with respect to the still image based on a control point for associating the moving image with a region of the still image And steps to
A step of displaying a still image frame of the moving image that has undergone alignment processing on the still image and displaying the frame on a screen;
A processor accepting a user instruction for the displayed still image;
And a step of reproducing the moving image when the processor receives an instruction to reproduce the moving image in the still image. A function of adjusting the alignment of the moving image with respect to the still image based on a control point for associating the moving image with a region of the still image;
A function of displaying a still image frame of the moving image that has undergone alignment processing on the still image on a screen;
A function of accepting user instructions for the displayed still image;
A program for causing a computer to execute a function of reproducing the moving image when receiving an instruction to reproduce the moving image in the still image.   A recording medium storing the program according to claim 8.