JP2014079813A - Portal type machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a portal type machine tool capable of improving the processing accuracy, while suppressing enlargement of the device, securing fully the torsional rigidity of a cross rail, and preventing falling of columns without preparing a bridge.SOLUTION: The portal type machine tool comprises: a pair of columns 3 which have an interval mutually in the horizontal direction to be supported by a basis plane; a cross rail 8 arranged along the horizontal direction having both ends allotted to a frontal surface 6 of the column 3 concerned and a central part 15 allotted so as to project between the columns 3; a saddle 12 prepared in the cross rail 8 slidably in the horizontal direction; a guiding part 9 prepared between a pair of the columns 3 and the cross rail 8, respectively, and guiding the cross rail 8 upward and downward direction; and a support part 25 which supports an inside surface 18 of the column 3 in the horizontal direction as relative-movably upward and downward to the central part 15 of the cross rail 8.

Description

  The present invention relates to a portal machine tool.

2. Description of the Related Art A portal machine tool having a pair of columns erected in parallel and a cross rail attached so as to be able to move up and down between the columns is known. This type of portal machine tool is generally used for cutting a large workpiece, and a saddle movable in the left-right direction is attached to the front side of the cross rail. A ram is attached to the saddle, and a machining tool is attached to the ram tip.
Since such a portal machine tool is required to have a very high machining accuracy, it has sufficient rigidity so that twisting and bending do not occur with respect to its own weight and machining reaction force input from the ram tip. A structure is required.
Therefore, in order to prevent the column from falling sideways, a bridge that connects the upper ends of the columns is provided, or the torsional rigidity of the crossrail is increased to prevent the torsion of the crossrail.
For example, Patent Document 1 proposes a structure that suppresses twisting of the cross rail due to the weight of the saddle by integrating the cross rail and the bridge and arranging a saddle in the center of the cross rail in the depth direction. ing.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-263959

  However, in the portal machine tool proposed in Patent Document 1, a saddle is arranged in the center of the cross rail in the depth direction, and the cross rail has a shape that passes two beams between columns. . Therefore, in order to suppress cross-rail deflection in the front-rear direction and twisting with respect to the reaction force in the front-rear direction, a larger cross-rail with higher rigidity is required, and the column that supports this cross-rail is also enlarged. There is a problem that the entire apparatus becomes large.

  This invention is made in view of the above circumstances, while suppressing the increase in size of the device, while ensuring sufficient torsional rigidity of the cross rail, and preventing the column from collapsing without providing a bridge, A portal machine tool capable of improving machining accuracy is provided.

In order to solve the above problems, the following configuration is adopted.
The portal machine tool according to the present invention has a pair of columns supported on a base surface with a space therebetween in the horizontal direction, both end portions arranged on the front surface of the column, and protruding between the columns. A cross rail disposed in the horizontal direction with a central portion disposed therein, a saddle provided on the cross rail so as to be slidable in the horizontal direction, and between the pair of columns and the cross rail. Provided respectively are guide portions that guide the cross rail in the vertical direction, and support portions that support the inner side surface of the column in the horizontal direction so that the inner side surface of the column can be moved relative to the center portion of the cross rail. It is characterized by.
By configuring in this way, the cross rail can be enlarged in the depth direction at the center, so that sufficient rigidity is secured so that twisting and bending do not occur with respect to the processing reaction force. Can do. Further, since the central portion is supported in the horizontal direction by the support portion, it is possible to further improve the torsional rigidity of the cross rail. Further, since the central portion is disposed inside the column, the inner side surface of the column can be supported by the central portion.

Further, in the portal machine tool according to the present invention, in the portal machine tool, the support portion includes an easy slip layer on at least one surface of the inner side surface of the column and the outer side surface of the central portion. Also good.
By comprising in this way, the frictional resistance at the time of raising / lowering a cross rail can be reduced, and it can raise / lower smoothly.

Furthermore, in the portal machine tool according to the present invention, in the portal machine tool, the support portion is a direction in which the inner side surface of the column and the outer side surface of the central portion facing the inner side surface are spaced apart and close to each other. There may be provided a restricting portion for restricting displacement to the right.
With such a configuration, it is possible to prevent not only the column from falling to the inside but also the outside from falling to the outside by the restricting portion.

Furthermore, in the portal machine tool according to the present invention, in the portal machine tool, the support portion may include a pressing mechanism capable of pressing the other on at least one of the column and the cross rail.
By configuring in this way, when raising and lowering the cross rail, it is in a state where the pressing mechanism is not pressed, while when raising and lowering the cross rail, it can be pressed by the pressing mechanism. For example, when cutting or the like is performed with a processing tool, the rigidity of the structure can be improved by strengthening the coupling between the cross rail and the column.

  According to the portal machine tool according to the present invention, while suppressing an increase in the size of the apparatus, the torsional rigidity of the cross rail is sufficiently ensured, and the column is prevented from falling without providing a bridge, so that the machining accuracy is improved. Can be improved.

It is a perspective view showing a schematic structure of a portal machine tool in a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a top view of the column and cross rail of the portal machine tool. It is the top view which decomposed | disassembled and expanded the support part of the said portal machine tool. It is an enlarged plan view of the support part in 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is an enlarged plan view of the guide groove in 3rd embodiment of this invention. It is a top view of the lubricating oil supply mechanism in the modification of 1st, 2nd embodiment of this invention.

Next, a portal machine tool according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the portal machine tool 1 in this embodiment has a pair of columns 3 supported on a flat base surface 2. The columns 3 are respectively erected at intervals in the horizontal direction. The pair of columns 3 is formed in a hollow, substantially quadrangular prism shape. A bed 4 is mounted on the base surface 2 between the pair of columns 3 so as to have substantially the same width as the gap between the columns 3 and extend in the front-rear direction perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the columns 3. Is placed. A table 5 slidable in the longitudinal direction of the bed 4 is attached to the upper surface of the bed 4, and a workpiece K is placed on the table 5. In FIG. 1, the front, rear, left, and right directions of the portal machine tool 1 are indicated by arrows.

  Guide members 7 extending in the vertical direction are respectively attached to the front surfaces 6 of the pair of columns 3. These guide members 7 support guided portions (not shown) provided on the rear surfaces 17 of the both end portions 14 of the cross rail 8 so as to be movable up and down. That is, the cross rail 8 extends in the left-right horizontal direction so as to cross between the pair of columns 3 and can be moved up and down along the guide member 7 while maintaining the left-right horizontal state. The cross rail 8 includes a drive source such as a servo motor (not shown), and its elevation position is variable by the output from the drive source. Here, as a mechanism for raising and lowering the cross rail 8, various mechanisms such as a mechanism that transmits a driving force via a chain or a belt, a mechanism that transmits a driving force by a rack and pinion, a ball screw, or the like can be applied. The guide member 9 and the guided portion described above constitute a guide portion 9 provided between the column 3 and the cross rail 8.

  A guide member 11 extending in the horizontal direction is provided on the front surface 10 side of the cross rail 8. A saddle 12 is supported on the guide member 11 so as to be slidable in the left-right direction. The saddle 12 can be moved in the left-right direction by a driving force such as a servo motor (not shown). Under the saddle 12, various types of heads 13, such as those capable of being tilted and rotated, can be mounted. In addition, a processing tool (not shown) for grinding and cutting can be attached to the main shaft (not shown) of the head 13. That is, according to the configuration of the portal machine tool 1, the workpiece K is processed by moving the cross rail 8 up and down, sliding the saddle 12 left and right, and sliding the table 5 back and forth. The position of the tool can be relatively moved back and forth, left and right, and up and down, and the position of the processing tool can be arranged at various angles according to the type of the head 13.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the cross rail 8 includes both end portions 14 attached to the front surface 6 of the column 3 via the guide member 7 and a center portion 15 arranged so as to protrude between the pair of columns 3. Have. That is, the cross rail 8 is formed such that the front and rear thicknesses of both end portions 14 are relatively thin and the front and rear thicknesses of the central portion 15 are relatively thick. In this embodiment, the bridge connecting the upper portions 16 of the columns 3 is omitted, and the dimension of the central portion 15 in the front-rear direction is enlarged by that amount. It is set equal to the direction dimension.

  The central portion 15 includes an outer surface 19 that extends rearward from the rear surface 17 of the both end portions 14 substantially in parallel with the inner surface 18 of the column 3. In addition, an inclined surface 20 is formed in the central portion 15 so as to be inclined behind the outer surface 19 so that the width dimension in the left-right direction is reduced toward the rear. The rear edges 21 of these inclined surfaces 20 are connected by a rear surface 22 that is substantially parallel to the front surface 10 of the cross rail 8. Further, the central portion 15 is formed in a hollow shape having an internal space 23, and a rib 24 having a truss shape in plan view is formed in the internal space 23. By forming the ribs 24 in this way, it is possible to improve the weight specific rigidity, and the load is smoothly transmitted from the front surface of the central portion 15 to the rear surface side. It is possible to improve.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the outer side surface 19 of the central portion 15 is slightly pressed from both the left and right sides by the inner side surface 18 of the column 3, respectively. The inner side surface 18 constitutes a support portion 25 that supports the inner side surface 18 of the column 3 in the horizontal direction so that the inner side surface 18 of the column 3 can move up and down relative to the center portion 15. In order to reduce the sliding friction coefficient, an easy slip layer 26 having a small sliding friction coefficient is formed on both surfaces of the outer surface 19 and the inner surface 18 facing the support portion 25. As the easy slip layer 26, a metal such as copper, polytetrafluoroethylene, Turkite (registered trademark), or the like that satisfies the conditions of load resistance and low friction coefficient can be used. In addition, although the case where the easy slip layer 26 was provided in both the outer side surface 19 and the inner side surface 18 which opposed was demonstrated, you may make it provide only in any one. Further, in the description of FIG. 3, the left support portion 25 of the central portion 15 has been described. However, the right support portion 25 has a symmetrical configuration with the left support portion 25, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted. (Hereafter, the same applies to the second and third embodiments).

  Therefore, according to the portal machine tool of the first embodiment described above, the dimension in the front-rear direction of the cross rail 8 can be enlarged at the central portion 15, so that the cross rail against the processing reaction force from the processing tool. Rigidity that prevents twisting or bending of 8 can be secured. Further, since the central portion 15 is supported in the horizontal direction by the support portion 25, the torsional rigidity of the cross rail 8 can be further improved. Further, since the central portion 15 is disposed inside the pair of columns 3, the inner side surface 18 of the column 3 can be supported by the central portion 15. As a result, while suppressing an increase in the size of the apparatus, the torsional rigidity of the cross rail 8 can be sufficiently secured, and the column 3 can be prevented from falling without providing a bridge, thereby improving the rigidity of the structure. Machining accuracy can be improved.

  In addition, since the easy slip layer is formed on the support portion 25, it is possible to smoothly raise and lower the frictional force when raising and lowering the cross rail 8 while pressing the central portion 15 by the column 3. .

  Next, a portal machine tool according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The portal machine tool according to the second embodiment is different from the portal machine tool according to the first embodiment described above only in the structure of the support portion. Description to be omitted is omitted.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the support portion 125 formed between the inner side surface 18 of the column 3 and the outer side surface 19 of the cross rail 8.
As shown in FIG. 4, a guide groove 30 is formed on the cross rail 8, while a guided portion 31 that is guided in the vertical direction along the guide groove 30 protrudes from the column 3. . In this embodiment, the guide groove 30 and the guided portion 31 form a support portion 125 of the present invention. The guided portion 31 is formed in a substantially L shape in plan view, and protrudes in the front-rear direction from the left and right extending portions 32 extending in the horizontal direction toward the column 3 side and the end portion 33 of the left and right extending portions 32. A front and rear protrusion 34 is provided.

  On the other hand, the guide groove 30 includes a groove main body portion 35 into which the guided portion 31 can be inserted, and a giving portion that protrudes from one side surface 36 of the groove main body portion 35 and restricts the movement of the front and rear protrusion portions 34 in the horizontal direction. 37. In addition, an inclined surface 39 is formed in the opening 38 of the guide groove 30 on the side opposite to the giving portion 37 in the front-rear direction, so that the opening 38 is widened toward the column 3 side in the left-right direction. Yes. The front-rear projecting portion 34 and the giving portion 37 described above constitute the restricting portion 40 of the present invention.

  On the inner surface 41 of the guide groove 30, more specifically, the inner surface 42 of the groove main body portion 35 and the inner surface 43 of the giving portion 37 are respectively formed with the easy slip layers 44 similar to those in the first embodiment described above. Similarly, on the outer surface 45 of the guided portion 31, more specifically, on the outer surface 46 of the front-rear projecting portion 34, an easy slip layer 47 similar to that in the first embodiment described above is formed. In addition, although the case where the easy slip layers 44 and 47 were provided in both the guide groove 30 and the to-be-guided part 31 was demonstrated, it is not restricted to this structure, Easy slip to either the guide groove 30 or the to-be-guided part 31 is carried out. The layer 44 or the easy slip layer 47 may be provided.

  The front-rear dimension L1 of the groove main body 35 is set to a dimension such that all the inner surfaces 42 including the easy-slip layer 44 are in contact with the outer surface 45 of the front-rear protruding portion. In the state where the guided portion 31 is guided by the guide groove 30, the inner side surface 18 of the column 3 and the outer side surface 19 of the cross rail 8 do not come into contact with each other.

  Therefore, according to the portal machine tool of the second embodiment described above, since the relative movement in the horizontal direction of the front and rear protrusions 34 can be restricted by the give part 37, only the sideways inward tilting of the column 3 is possible. In addition, it is possible to prevent a lateral fall to the outside. As a result, the rigidity of the structure can be improved, and the processing accuracy can be further improved.

  Next, a portal machine tool according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, since this 3rd embodiment adds the press mechanism 53, while attaching | subjecting the same code | symbol to the same part and describing it, duplication description is abbreviate | omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 5, a guide groove 30 is formed in the cross rail 8, a guided portion 31 is formed in the column 3, and the support portion 225 of this embodiment includes the guide groove 30 and the guided portion 31. ing. The easy sliding layers 44 and 47 of the second embodiment described above are not formed on the inner surface 41 and the outer surface 45 of the guide groove 30 and the guided portion 31 facing each other. The cross rail 8 can be moved up and down with a slight gap therebetween.

  The cross rail 8 includes a pressing mechanism 53 including a piston rod 52 that can protrude and retract toward the inside of the guide groove 30. In the pressing mechanism 53, the piston rod 52 protrudes inside the guide groove 30 to press the guided portion 31 on the column 3 side when the workpiece K is processed by the processing tool. Thereby, the movement to the up-down direction of the cross rail 8 is controlled. On the other hand, the piston rod 52 of the pressing mechanism 53 is inserted into the outer side of the guide groove 30 so as not to press the guided portion 31 when the workpiece K is not processed by the processing tool. Thereby, the movement of the cross rail 8 in the vertical direction is allowed. The pressing mechanism 53 is driven and controlled by a control unit (not shown) that controls various operations of the portal machine tool. As the pressing mechanism 53, for example, a hydraulic cylinder or an electric actuator can be used.

  Therefore, according to the portal machine tool of the third embodiment described above, when the cross rail 8 is lifted or lowered, the pressing mechanism 53 is not pressed, while the cross rail 8 is lifted or lowered. Since the pressing mechanism 53 can perform pressing, when the workpiece K is processed by the processing tool, the coupling between the cross rail 8 and the column 3 is strengthened to improve the rigidity of the structure. Can be made.

The present invention is not limited to the configuration of each of the above-described embodiments, and the design can be changed without departing from the gist thereof.
For example, in the first embodiment described above, the case where the inclined surface 20 is formed at the rear portion of the central portion 15 of the cross rail 8 has been described, but the inclined surface 20 is not necessarily required and may be omitted. Providing the inclined surface 20 is advantageous in that the weight of the cross rail 8 can be reduced.
Further, the dimension in the front-rear direction of the central portion 15 is not limited to the dimension equivalent to the dimension in the front-rear direction of the column 3. For example, the dimension in the front-rear direction may be larger than that of the column 3.

  Further, in the above-described second embodiment, the case where the guide groove 30 is formed in the column 3 has been described. However, an L-shaped groove is formed in the cross rail 8 and the L-shaped rail is formed in the column 3. You may make it form in. In addition, the shape of the guide groove 30 and the guided portion 31 is not limited to the above-described L-shaped cross section, and may be any shape that can restrict the cross rail 8 from moving in the horizontal direction with respect to the column 3. The cross section may be T-shaped or Y-shaped.

  Further, in the third embodiment described above, a gap is provided between the inner surface 41 of the guide groove 30 and the outer surface 45 of the guided portion 31, so that the inner surface 41 of the guide groove 30 and the outer surface 45 of the guided portion 31 can be easily formed. The case where the slip layers 44 and 47 are not provided has been described as an example. However, as in the second embodiment, the pressing mechanism against the support portion 125 that does not have a gap between the guide groove 30 and the guided portion 31. 53 may be added. Thereby, the rigidity improvement of the further structure can be aimed at.

Moreover, although the case where the pressing mechanism 53 is provided on the cross rail 8 side has been described, the pressing mechanism 53 may be provided on at least one of the column 3 and the cross rail 8, for example, provided on the column 3 side, It may be provided on both the column 3 and the cross rail 8.
Furthermore, although the case where the piston rod 52 protrudes toward the inside of the guide groove 30 has been described as an example, the piston rod 52 protrudes from either one of the outer surface 19 of the cross rail 8 and the inner surface 18 of the column 3 toward the other. You may do it. That is, you may make it provide the press mechanism 53 with respect to the support part 25 of 1st embodiment.

  In the first embodiment and the second embodiment described above, the case where the easy-slip layers 26, 44, 47 are formed has been described as an example. However, it is sufficient if the sliding friction coefficient on the sliding facing surface can be reduced. For example, a lubricating oil supply mechanism 60 may be provided as in the modification shown in FIG. The lubricating oil supply mechanism 60 includes a groove 61 on the outer surface 19 of the sliding cross rail 8, and lubricating oil is supplied to the groove 61 from the outside via an internal passage 62. By doing in this way, it becomes possible to supply lubricating oil to the sliding opposing surface and to reduce a sliding friction coefficient. The groove 61 shown in FIG. 6 is an example, and is not limited to an annular shape as long as lubricating oil can be supplied.

2 Base surface 3 Column 6 Front surface 8 Cross rail 9 Guide portion 12 Saddle 14 Both ends 15 Center portion 18 Inner surface 25, 125, 225 Support portion 26, 44, 47 Easy slip layer 40 Restricting portion 53 Pressing mechanism

Claims (4)

A pair of columns supported on the base surface at intervals in the horizontal direction;
A cross rail disposed along the horizontal direction having both ends disposed on the front surface of the column and a central portion disposed so as to protrude between the columns;
A saddle that is slidable in the horizontal direction on the cross rail;
A guide portion provided between the pair of columns and the cross rail, respectively, for guiding the cross rail in a vertical direction;
A portal machine tool comprising: a support portion that horizontally supports the inner side surface of the column so that the inner side surface of the column can be moved up and down relative to the central portion of the cross rail.   2. The portal machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the support portion includes an easy slip layer on at least one of an inner side surface of the column and an outer side surface of the central portion.   The said support part is provided with the control part which controls that the inner surface of the said column and the outer surface of the said center part facing this inner surface are displaced in the direction which spaces apart and adjoins. Portal machine tool.   The portal machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the support portion includes a pressing mechanism capable of pressing the other of the column and the cross rail.

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