JP2014016563A - Three-dimensional display device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a three-dimensional display device that allows a picture of a projector array to be viewed consecutively as a high definition three-dimensional picture even when a viewer moves a point of view, decreases a discrepancy between convergence and adjustment relative to a three-dimensional picture localized in air and enables an interaction with the viewer.SOLUTION: The three-dimensional display device is configured to: project a picture from an exit pupil 41 of each projector of a projector array 4 by focusing on a diffusion plane 3; transmit a ray of light through the diffusion plane 3 and a real mirror picture imaging optical system 2 having a symmetry plane S internally and capable of imaging a ray of light from space on one side of the symmetry plane S at a plane symmetry position in space on the other side as a mirror picture; image the ray of light at the plane symmetry position of the exit pupil 41 relative to the symmetry plane S as diffused imaging pupils 6 and fill a pupil imaging plane 6S serving as a set of the imaging pupils 6; and thereby, allow an image 5 of a picture projected from the projector array 4 and imaged by the real mirror picture imaging optical system 2 to be consecutively viewed even by a point of view movement from a side where each imaging pupil 6 is imaged.

Description

  The present invention relates to a stereoscopic display device that enables observation with the naked eye using a real mirror image forming optical system that forms a mirror image of an object to be observed as a real image in a space on an observer side.

  The present inventor has so far utilized a real mirror image forming optical system that forms a mirror image of an object to be observed as a real image (hereinafter referred to as a “real mirror image”) in a space on the viewer side. A display device has been proposed that allows a real mirror image of an object to be observed to be imaged and viewed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  This display device includes a real mirror image forming optical system that forms a real mirror image of an object to be observed in a space on the observer side, and a space on the opposite side of the observer across the real mirror image forming optical system. The display device includes an object to be observed, and the observer can see a real mirror image of the object to be observed, as if the object is actually present in the air. It is something that can be done. More specifically, the real mirror image forming optical system is composed of a set of unit elements (two-surface corner reflectors) having two substantially orthogonal micromirrors as a basic configuration, and is orthogonal to the micromirrors of all unit elements. The common plane is virtually an element surface. The principle of the real mirror image forming optical system is that light rays emitted from the object to be observed (the object to be observed emits light directly or light hits the object to be reflected and is reflected) pass through each unit element. In this case, each of the two micromirrors is reflected once, for a total of twice, so that the real image of the object to be observed is formed on the surface symmetry position of the object to be observed with the element surface as the symmetry plane. (See Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1).

  As described above, the real mirror image forming optical system having the basic image forming principle using the reflection by the micromirror has no chromatic aberration, and the obtained image is a mirror image, so there is an intrinsic focal length. In addition, since there is no optical axis as a center, it has various characteristics that an object to be observed at an arbitrary position can be imaged without distortion.

  On the other hand, as a technology that enables the observation of a specific viewpoint image by forming the exit pupil of the projector by using the above-described real mirror image forming optical system, the real image of the projector is passed through the real mirror image forming optical system. The technology used as a head-mounted display to form a virtual image and show the image at a long distance (see Patent Document 2), and a half-mirror and retro-reflector array as a real mirror image-forming optical system. A technique (see Non-Patent Document 2) that creates a specific viewpoint image by forming an image at a symmetric position is known. In addition, a three-dimensional display capable of displaying an image floating on a plane using an anisotropic diffusion screen and a projector array is also known (see Non-Patent Document 3).

International Publication WO2008 / 041616 JP 2009-288696 A

S. Maekawa, et al., “Transmissive imaging device with micromirror array”, Proc. Of SPIE, 6392, 63920E, 2006 Yoshida Takumi et al., “Examination of high resolution in recursive projection multi-view 3D display”, 3D Image Conference 2010, pp. 47-50, 2010 Shunsuke Yoshida et al., “Table-type autostereoscopic display that can be observed from the entire periphery-Examination on display principle and initial implementation-” Virtual Journal of the Virtual Reality Society of Japan, vol. 15, no. 2, 2010

  In Patent Document 2, autostereoscopic viewing is possible, but an observer views a real image projected by a projector as a virtual image formed by a real mirror image forming optical system. It will be displayed far behind the symmetry plane. Further, it is impossible to interact with the virtual image such as bringing a hand or a pointing stick close to the virtual image or moving an image in accordance with the movement. Furthermore, since this technique is applied to a head-mounted display, the viewpoint movement due to the movement of the head is not taken into account, and it can be said that it is difficult to increase the resolution because the imaging distance is long.

  In Non-Patent Document 2, although viewpoint movement due to autostereoscopic vision and movement of the head is taken into consideration, an image is displayed on the retroreflective screen installed on the back of the half mirror that is a symmetric surface as viewed from the observer. Since the image is formed, when an aerial image (that is, an image localized on the viewer side from the half mirror) is displayed, the mismatch between the convergence and the adjustment becomes significant. When a localized image is displayed in the vicinity of the screen surface where the convergence and adjustment match, a half mirror is placed between the image display surface and the observer, and interaction with the image is performed. In this case, it is necessary to turn the hand to the back side of the half mirror.

  Non-Patent Document 3 discloses a multi-projection type stereoscopic display device using an anisotropic diffusion screen. Although this method can be presented as an image floating on a plane, the diffusion screen that projects the image is located at the lower part of the plane, so that when video is displayed on the plane, congestion and adjustment are controlled. The contradiction will be big.

  The present invention pays attention to such problems of the prior art, and the image projected by the projector array can be continuously viewed as a high-definition stereoscopic image without interruption even when the observer moves the viewpoint. In addition, it is a main object to provide a stereoscopic display device that reduces the contradiction between convergence and adjustment with respect to a stereoscopic image localized in the air floating on a plane and enables interaction with an observer.

  That is, the present invention internally has a certain geometric plane as a symmetry plane, transmits a light beam emitted from one side space with this symmetry plane as a boundary, and realizes a real image at a plane symmetry position in the other side space. A mirror image imaging optical system that can form a mirror image, a diffusion surface that diffuses the light beam before, after, or during transmission through the symmetry plane, and one side of the symmetry plane A projector array formed by arranging a plurality of projectors arranged in a space, and a light beam projected from an exit pupil of each projector with a focus on the diffusion surface, and a symmetric surface and a diffusion surface of the real mirror image forming optical system , The image is formed as an imaging pupil which is a mirror image that is a real image diffused in a plane-symmetrical position with respect to the symmetry plane of the exit pupil, and a set of imaging pupils is arranged by each imaging pupil. Clearance between pupil image planes By filling the image, the image projected from the projector array from the side where each imaging pupil is imaged is moved to the viewpoint of the image formed in the position of the symmetry plane or the space where the imaging pupil is imaged. 3D display device characterized in that it can be continuously observed.

  Here, the real mirror image forming optical system forms an image of the projection object as a real image without distortion at a plane symmetrical position with respect to the symmetry plane, and is constituted by the above-described two-surface corner reflector array. As appropriate, an optical system configured by a microlens array (including an afocal lens array) or an optical system such as another lens or a reflecting mirror may be used. As the diffusion surface, a light diffusing plate independent of the real mirror imaging optical system (including a hard plate or a film or sheet, even if it is a geometric optical or wave optical operating principle) Or a real mirror image forming optical system itself having a light diffusing function. In addition, the projector constituting the projector array used in the present invention may be any projector that can focus on the diffusing surface and project, and a general projector or a liquid crystal display screen is divided into a plurality of optical systems such as a lens array. You may divide and project. When oblique projection is performed on the diffusing surface, if the projection optical system of the projector is not designed on the assumption of oblique projection, the distance from the lens to the diffusing surface changes at each point on the diffusing plate. Becomes trapezoidal, and the focal position and resolution change depending on the projection location. In order to avoid this, it is desirable to design the projection optical system of the projector on the assumption of oblique projection, but it is also possible to cope with this by increasing the depth of focus. The image projected by such a projector array may be a real-time image obtained by transferring the image to the projector array while photographing an actual object with a camera, or previously captured or created image data. May be projected.

  The role of the diffusion angle on the diffusion surface in the present invention is intended to fill the pupil image formation surface of the exit pupil with no space by the diffused image formation pupil. By providing a diffusing surface at the image formation position of the projector image, the diffusing surface itself functions as a transmissive screen, so that the resolution of the image projected from the projector remains high. The pupil is diffused on the diffusing surface in the middle of image formation, and is imaged through the real mirror image forming optical system, so that the pupil becomes blurred. For this reason, the real mirror image (imaging pupil) of the exit pupil imaged as a hole opened in space is not clear at its boundary (periphery), and adjacent imaging pupils can be made continuous. Even if the eyes are removed from the positions of the two imaging pupils, the image does not disappear suddenly, and the effect of gradually disappearing is obtained. In addition, when the diffusion angle is too large, the images of a plurality of projectors appear to overlap each other even at one viewpoint, so that an appropriate overlap is required. Although described as a pupil imaging plane, imaging has a depth of focus and does not necessarily mean a plane without thickness.

  Further, the number and arrangement of the projectors constituting the projector array are not particularly limited, and the arrangement form of the projector array by a plurality of projectors may be one-dimensional arrangement of only one column in the horizontal direction or the vertical direction, or the vertical and horizontal directions. It can be a two-dimensional arrangement. When a plurality of projectors are arranged in a one-dimensional manner, an image formed when the plurality of projectors are arranged in a horizontal direction corresponding to the presence of two eyes of a human being who is an observer in the horizontal direction. The horizontal parallax can be expressed. In this case, it is appropriate that the diffusion function by the diffusion surface is such that anisotropic diffusion with a narrow angle in the horizontal direction and a wide angle in the vertical direction occurs. In this way, although the vertical parallax is not given to the image formed, the viewing angle in the vertical direction can be enlarged. As a one-dimensional arrangement, it is easy to arrange in a horizontal line linearly or smoothly, but if the vertical diffusion angle is sufficiently large, there is no problem with some deviation in the vertical direction. Further, considering the depth of focus of pupil imaging, there is no problem with some deviation in the depth direction. When a plurality of projectors are two-dimensionally arranged, it is preferable that the diffusing function by the diffusing surface has a diffusing angle at which blurring is given so that the real images of adjacent exit pupils are appropriately overlapped, As a result, vertical and horizontal parallaxes can be expressed. In the case of a two-dimensional arrangement, a square lattice may be used, but a triangular lattice is more suitable for reducing the diffusion angle for overlapping. Moreover, it is not necessary to line up regularly if the overlap can be made appropriately. Moreover, it does not need to be a plane and may be arranged on a curved surface. In this case, the pupil imaging plane is not a plane but a curved surface. Furthermore, in consideration of the depth of focus of pupil imaging, it is not always necessary to line up on a smooth curved surface, and there is no problem with slight deviation in the depth direction.

  When a diffusing surface is disposed between the projector and the symmetric surface and a space is provided between the diffusing surface and the symmetric surface, the projector is focused on the diffusing surface. The image projected on the diffusing surface is imaged as a real image on the opposite side of the symmetry plane by the real mirror image forming optical system. In this case, since the image is formed by the real mirror image forming optical system, the resolution is lower than that of the image projected on the diffusion surface. However, since it is presented as a real image closer to the viewer than the plane of symmetry, a stereoscopic image presented in the vicinity of the real image position in terms of parallax was seen even when the projector array was placed in a one-dimensional arrangement and no vertical parallax was given. In this case, the movement of the viewpoint in the vertical direction can be suppressed by the influence of the rotation of the object, not the movement of the localization position. Further, since the arrangement of the diffusion surface is relatively free, it is easy to arrange the projector vertically with respect to the diffusion surface. Although it is possible to arrange the diffusing surface horizontally with respect to the symmetry surface, in this case, when a two-surface corner reflector array (to be described later) is used as the real mirror image forming optical system, the two-surface corner reflector is used. Since it is necessary for light rays to enter the array at an angle, the projector needs to project obliquely to the diffusion surface.

  On the other hand, when the diffusing surface is arranged almost coincident with the symmetry plane, the observer must observe the image projected on the diffusing surface as it is without passing through the imaging function of the real mirror image forming optical system. Therefore, the highest resolution video can be presented. As a specific example, a diffusion plate having an independent diffusing surface is disposed in close contact with the upper and lower sides of the real mirror image forming optical system, or the real mirror image forming optical system itself has a diffusion function. It can be considered that. For example, as a real mirror image forming optical system, a two-surface corner reflector array, which will be described later, is applied, and one of the methods for providing the two-surface corner reflector array with a diffusing function is to provide the reflecting surface with a diffusing function. Specifically, a micro structure is formed on the reflecting surface and a diffusion function is provided geometrically and wave-optically, a method in which the reflecting surface is curved instead of a flat surface, and the angle of each reflecting surface is slightly changed. A method of shifting is conceivable. In addition, when the incident surface or the exit surface to the unit optical element is made of a transparent solid, a method of forming a minute structure on the entrance (exit) surface, and having a diffusion function geometrically and wave-optically, A method is conceivable in which the incident (outgoing) surface is a curved surface instead of a flat surface to provide a diffusion function by refraction. In addition, there are a method of arranging fine particles or the like that diffuse light rays in the transmission path of the two-sided corner reflector array, a method of causing diffraction by making the unit optical element sufficiently small, and the like. Even when the symmetry plane and the diffusing plane are matched, the unit optical system and the projected pixel generally do not match, and therefore, if the aperture ratio is not 100%, a part is hidden. Become. In particular, when oblique projection is performed from the projector onto the diffusion surface, if the projection optical system of the projector is not designed for oblique projection, the relationship between the pixel and the unit optical system depends on the projection location as well as the focal length. Problem arises.

  A real mirror image forming optical system is a unit optical system that transmits a light beam emitted from a space on one side with respect to a symmetry plane and forms a mirror image as a real image at a plane symmetrical position in the other space. When the arrangement of these unit optical systems is made to correspond to the pixel arrangement of the image projected by each projector, the size of the unit optical system is equal to or larger than the pixel of the projection image, and the diffusion surface is If they are included in the unit optical system or arranged in the immediate vicinity thereof, each unit optical system can be observed as an independent pixel, and the resolution of the observed image can be increased. Note that when the unit optical system and the pixels of the projection image have a one-to-one correspondence, it is possible to display the projector image without changing the resolution.

  In addition, when the diffusing surface is arranged closer to the observation side than the symmetric surface, and there is a space between the diffusing surface and the symmetric surface, attention must be paid to the focal position in order to form an image of the projector at the position of the diffusing surface. is necessary. In other words, the image of the projector must be focused as a real image by focusing on the plane symmetry position with respect to the symmetry plane of the empty diffusion surface. This real image is formed again as a real image at the position of the diffusion plate by the real mirror image forming optical system. When this method is adopted, since the image formation result by the real mirror image forming optical system is seen, the resolution is lower than the case where the symmetric plane and the diffusion plane substantially coincide with each other. The image seen by the observer is an image projected on the diffusing surface itself, and the image can be observed as a real image as in the case where the diffusing surface is arranged between the projector and the symmetric surface described above. Disappear.

  As a result of appropriately diffusing the imaging pupil, the image projected on the diffusion surface by the projector array from the side where the imaging pupil, which is a real mirror image of each exit pupil of the plurality of projectors, forms an image, or the image By observing the real mirror image formed by the real mirror imaging optical system, it is possible to observe stereoscopic images due to binocular parallax, and the position of the observer's eye pupil is the image pupil and its projection. If you are on the extended line of the projected image, you can observe the 3D image continuously and smoothly without interruption even if you move the observation position (that is, move the viewpoint). As a method, a stereoscopic image observation environment in a parallax method is obtained. And even if the stereoscopic image that can be observed in the present invention is displayed on the near side of the symmetry plane in terms of parallax, the image of each projector can be imaged at the position of the symmetry plane or the viewer side more than that, It has the feature that there is little contradiction between regulation and congestion.

  Further, as a real mirror image forming optical system, a two-surface corner reflector (corresponding to a unit optical system) composed of two mirror surfaces that are substantially perpendicular to a predetermined plane as a symmetry plane and substantially orthogonal to each other is used as a symmetry plane. An afocal lens in which a plurality of afocal lenses (corresponding to a unit optical system) having an optical axis perpendicular to a predetermined plane serving as a symmetry plane are arranged on a symmetry plane. It is desirable to apply an array. When the two-surface corner reflector array is used as the real mirror image forming optical system in the present invention, it is preferable that the projector projects from an oblique direction inclined with respect to the normal of the symmetry plane. A projection optical system is desirable. In addition, since the two-surface corner reflector array uses reflection by a micromirror as a basic principle, chromatic aberration does not occur, and the image to be formed is a mirror image, so there is no intrinsic focal length, and any position An advantage is obtained in that the exit pupil of the projector array arranged at the position can be imaged without distortion. On the other hand, when the afocal lens array is a real mirror image forming optical system according to the present invention, vertical projection from a direction orthogonal to the symmetry plane is possible.

  The double-sided corner reflector array is a 1 × magnification imaging optical system according to the inventor's invention described in the above-mentioned Patent Document 1. To simply describe the structure of the two-surface corner reflector array, a large number of unit optical systems (two-surface corner reflectors) are arranged in which two mirror surfaces substantially perpendicular to a predetermined plane are substantially orthogonal to each other. When this two-surface corner reflector array is applied to the real mirror image forming optical system of the present invention, each light beam emitted from the exit pupil of each projector passes through the symmetry plane of the two-surface corner reflector array. The light is reflected twice by the two mirror surfaces of the corner reflector, a total of two times, and is formed as a real image of the pupil at the plane-symmetric position of the exit pupil with respect to the symmetry plane. The image formed spreads beyond the size of the exit pupil and the peripheral edge is blurred. The dihedral corner reflector array is an imaging optical element based on the principle of twice reflection by two vertically arranged reflecting surfaces, and various structures can be used. There are various types, such as those having an inner wall as a reflection surface, those having a rectangular prism inner wall as a reflection surface, those in which slit mirror arrays are orthogonally arranged in two layers, and those in which corrugated plates are arranged. In addition, the same principle is also included in which the optical path is bent symmetrically by refraction before and after twice reflection.

  When the afocal lens array is used as a real mirror image forming optical system in the present invention, the surface accuracy of the surface of each lens is lowered, a protrusion having an appropriate size is formed on the lens surface, It is possible to give the afocal lens array itself a light diffusing function by mixing bubbles or other foreign matters into the lens.

  The stereoscopic display device according to the present invention uses an image captured by a camera array including a plurality of cameras so as to be optically conjugate with a plurality of projectors and a physical arrangement as an image projected by the projector array. You can play back what you are shooting with the array. When looking into one imaging pupil, the image projected from one projector can be observed as it is, but when the image of a camera optically conjugate with the projector is projected, the image viewed from the camera pupil is It will look as it is. If a plurality of cameras and projectors are also conjugate in their physical arrangement, the scene captured by the camera array is reproduced as it is on the projector array. Since the scale is invariant, it can be reproduced as it is even if the camera arrangement is physically enlarged or reduced.

  A stereoscopic display device according to the present invention uses a real mirror image-forming optical system that forms a real image without distortion at a plane-symmetric position of a projection object with respect to a symmetry plane, and a diffusion surface that diffuses light rays, and a projector array. The image irradiated from the exit pupil of each projector that constitutes the image is formed as a real image that is a mirror image in which the boundary portion (peripheral portion) is blurred at a plane symmetry position with the symmetry plane of the exit pupil as a boundary. it can. Therefore, compared to the case without a diffusing surface, if the observer moves the position of the eyes observing the image formation of the exit pupil, the image suddenly disappears when the eyes are removed from the image formation. The visual effect that the image is gradually disappeared can be obtained. In reality, the image of the exit pupil observed from a certain viewpoint gradually disappears when the viewpoint is shifted from that position, but the image of the immediately adjacent exit pupil also blurs the boundary (periphery). Therefore, even when the viewpoint is moved, the image (image formation) can be observed almost continuously. In addition, since the observed image is formed on the viewer side of the position of the symmetry plane or the symmetry plane, even if parallax popping out from the symmetry plane is given, the contradiction between adjustment and convergence is minimized. It can be suppressed. In addition, even when the projector array is one-dimensional and does not give vertical parallax, the image formation position is in the vicinity of the parallax position, so that the disruption of localization when moving the viewpoint in the vertical direction is minimized. Can be suppressed.

The figure which shows the structural example of the three-dimensional display apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. The top view which shows typically the 2 surface corner reflector array applied to the same embodiment. The perspective view which expands and schematically shows the A section in FIG. Explanatory drawing which shows the image formation mode of the light ray in the same 2 plane corner reflector array. Explanatory drawing of the example which matched the 2nd surface corner reflector array and the projection pixel of the projector. The figure which shows the structural example of the three-dimensional display apparatus which concerns on the 1st modification of the embodiment. The figure explaining the influence of the viewpoint movement to a perpendicular direction using a 1st modification. The figure which shows the example of a display image observed with the same three-dimensional display apparatus. The figure which shows the structural example of the three-dimensional display apparatus which concerns on the 2nd modification of the embodiment. Explanatory drawing which shows the imaging style of the afocal lens array applied to a 2nd modification.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the stereoscopic display device 1 according to the present embodiment includes a real mirror image forming optical system 2, a light diffusion plate 3 that functions as a diffusion surface, and a projector array 4. Is projected on the light diffusing plate 3. Each exit pupil 41 of the projector array 4 is imaged in the air like each imaging pupil 6 as a mirror image which is a real image by transmitting through the real mirror image forming optical system 2 and the light diffusing plate 3, and is formed in the space. A stereoscopic image is observed with the naked eye by an observer who acts like a vacant hole and looks into the hole. In the figure, each projector constituting the projector array 4 is represented by a respective exit pupil 41 instead. Hereinafter, each component of the present embodiment will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the real mirror image forming optical system 2 uses a two-surface corner reflector array in this embodiment (hereinafter, the two-surface corner reflector array is denoted by reference numeral 2 in this embodiment and the drawings). Show). This two-surface corner reflector array 2 includes a large number of two-surface corner reflectors 21 as a unit optical system. Here, in order to explain the basic functions of the two-surface corner reflector 21 and the two-surface corner reflector array 2, a mirror image that is a real image formed by the two-surface corner reflector array 2 of the projection object O with the symbol O and the projection object O. (Hereinafter, a real mirror image) is indicated by a symbol P (see FIG. 4). A plane substantially perpendicular to the two adjacent mirror surfaces 21a and 21b constituting each of the two-surface corner reflectors 21 is defined as an element plane S. This element plane S corresponds to a symmetry plane in the present invention. That is, in the two-surface corner reflector array 2, when the projection object O is arranged in one of the spaces defined by the element plane S with the element plane S as a symmetry plane, light rays (projection target) emitted from the projection object O are arranged. (Including the case where the object O itself emits light and the case where the light hitting the projection object O is reflected) are transmitted through the two-surface corner reflector array 2, once at the two mirror surfaces 21 a and 21 b, By reflecting twice in total, the real mirror image P of the projection object O is formed at a plane symmetrical position with respect to the element plane S of the projection object O in the space on the other side of the element plane S. In the present embodiment, a two-surface corner reflector array 2 having a substantially rectangular shape is applied.

  Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 (FIG. 3 is a region A enlarged perspective view of FIG. 2), the two-sided corner reflector array 2 includes a flat base 20, and the base 20 is flat. In order to form a large number of square holes 20h penetrating the wall thickness perpendicular to the surface of the base and to use the inner wall surface of each hole 20h as the two-surface corner reflector 21, two of the inner wall surfaces of the hole 20h are orthogonal to each other. The mirror surfaces 21a and 21b are respectively formed on the two. The base plate 20 has a square shape in plan view that is a thin plate shape with a thickness dimension of, for example, 50 to 1000 μm, and in this embodiment, 150 μm. Note that. The thickness, planar shape, and planar dimensions of the substrate 20 can be set as appropriate. More specifically, the two-surface corner reflector array 2 has a plane substantially perpendicular to the two mirror surfaces 21a and 21b as an element plane S. The element plane S is used as a symmetry plane and projected onto a plane-symmetrical position. A real mirror image P of the object O is imaged. Since the two-sided corner reflector 21 is very small compared to the whole of the two-sided corner reflector array 2, in FIG. 1, the whole set of the two-sided corner reflectors 21 is shown in gray, and the direction of the inner angle is V-shaped. It is schematically represented by shape. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the two-sided corner reflector 21 is formed using a physical / optical hole 20h formed in the base 20 in order to transmit light. In this embodiment, first, a large number of holes 20h having a substantially rectangular shape in plan view (specifically, a square shape in the present embodiment) are formed in the base 20, and smooth mirror surfaces are formed on two adjacent inner wall surfaces orthogonal to each other among the holes 20h. The mirror surfaces 21a and 21b are processed to form a two-surface corner reflector 21 that functions as a reflecting surface. The double-sided corner reflector 21 is formed on the base 20 so that the inner angles formed by the mirror surfaces 21a and 21b are all in the same direction. Hereinafter, the direction of the inner angle of the mirror surfaces 21a and 21b may be referred to as the direction (direction) of the two-surface corner reflector 21. In the present embodiment, the orientations of the two-surface corner reflectors 21 are all set in the same direction. In forming the mirror surfaces 21a and 21b, in the present embodiment, a metal mold is first created, and the inner wall surface on which the mirror surfaces 21a and 21b are to be formed is subjected to nanoscale cutting processing to form the mirror surfaces. The surface roughness is 10 nm or less, and the surface is uniformly mirrored with respect to the visible light spectrum region.

  Specifically, the mirror surfaces 21a and 21b constituting the two-surface corner reflector 21 have a side of 50 to 1000 μm, for example, 150 μm corresponding to the thickness of the base 20 in this embodiment, and the previously created mold was used. A plurality of substrates are formed at a predetermined pitch on one substrate 20 by a nanoimprint method or an electroforming method in which the press method is applied to the nanoscale. In the present embodiment, all the two-surface corner reflectors 21 are arranged on regular lattice points assumed on the element plane S and face the same direction. In addition, the transmittance | permeability of a light ray can be improved by setting the separation | spacing dimension of adjacent 2 surface corner reflectors 21 as small as possible. Then, a portion of the base 20 other than the portion where the two-surface corner reflector 21 is formed is subjected to a light shielding process, and a transparent reinforcing material having a thin plate shape (not shown) is provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the base 20. In the present embodiment, the two-surface corner reflector array 2 in which tens of thousands to several hundreds of thousands of such two-surface corner reflectors 21 are provided on the base 20 having a square shape in plan view is employed. When the base 20 is formed of a metal such as aluminum or nickel by an electroforming method, the mirror surfaces 21a and 21b naturally become mirror surfaces if the surface roughness of the mold is sufficiently small. Further, when the substrate 20 is made of resin or the like using the nanoimprint method, it is necessary to perform mirror coating by sputtering or the like in order to create the mirror surfaces 21a and 21b.

  Further, the hole 20h has a physical through-hole structure as described above, and a unit having an optical hole 20h by forming a square column made of a transparent body such as resin or glass in addition to a mirror surface of the adjacent two inner walls. An optical element can be used as a two-surface corner reflector by making the two inner walls adjacent to each other a total reflection or a mirror surface by a reflection film. Furthermore, a two-sided corner reflector array in which a real mirror image is formed by two-time reflection can also be configured by orthogonally stacking slit mirror arrays in which strip-like long and narrow mirror surfaces are arranged in parallel and overlapping in two stages. In this case, a square optical hole formed by the orthogonal upper and lower slits functions as a unit optical element.

  The two-sided corner reflector 21 formed on the base 20 in this way reflects the light that has entered the hole 20h from the front surface side (or back surface side) of the base 20 with one mirror surface (21a or 21b), and further reflects the reflected light. Is reflected by the other mirror surface (21b or 21a) and passes to the back surface side (or the front surface side) of the substrate 20, and the light entrance and exit paths are symmetrical with respect to the substrate 20. Therefore, as described above, a large number of two-surface corner reflectors 21 are formed on the substrate 20 to function as the two-surface corner reflector array 2. That is, the element plane S of the two-surface corner reflector array 2 (assuming a plane that passes through the central portion of the thickness of the base 20 and is orthogonal to each mirror surface and is indicated by an imaginary line in FIG. 3) The real mirror image P of the projection object O on the side becomes a symmetrical plane that forms an image at the plane symmetrical position on the other side.

  Here, an image formation mode by the two-surface corner reflector array 2 will be briefly described along with a path of light emitted from the point light source O as a projection object. 4A is a schematic plan view, and as shown in the schematic side view of FIG. 4B, light rays emitted from a point light source O (in the direction of an arrow and indicated by a solid line. Three-dimensionally, (Traveling from the back side of the drawing to the front side of the drawing) passes through a hole 20h (not shown in the figure) formed in the base 20 (not shown in the figure) of the double-sided corner reflector array 2, and the two-sided corner reflector 21 2 is reflected by one mirror surface 21a (or 21b) constituting the light source, and further passes through the element plane S while being reflected by the other mirror surface 21b (or 21a) (the light beam of the transmitted light is indicated by a broken line), a two-surface corner reflector array It passes through the plane of symmetry of the point light source O (position P in the figure) with respect to the second element plane S (see FIG. 4B). That is, eventually, the transmitted light gathers at a plane-symmetrical position with respect to the element plane S of the point light source O and forms an image as a real mirror image P.

  In this embodiment, the light diffusing plate 3 is in the form of a plate or a film, and is adhered to the lower surface side (the side where the projector array 4 is disposed) of the base 20 of the two-sided corner reflector array 2. It is arranged substantially parallel to the element plane S. What is necessary is just to employ | adopt what differs according to the arrangement | positioning mode of each projector of the projector array 4 accompanying the observation mode of image formation for the diffusion characteristic at the time of the light diffusing plate 3 permeate | transmitting a light ray, but this embodiment mentions later. As the projector array 4 in which the projectors are two-dimensionally arranged is applied as described above, the real mirror images (imaging pupils 6) of the exit pupils 41 of the projectors adjacent vertically and horizontally are overlapped with each other. The light diffusing plate 3 having a typical scattering angle is used. As a specific example of the light diffusing plate 3, a lenticular lens array having a diffusion angle of 3.3 degrees (actual measurement value) in the horizontal direction can be exemplified. By using such a light diffusing plate 3, when a projector array mounted product as will be described later is used, the exit pupil 41 of one projector is enlarged to a size of about 13 mm and formed as a real image. Become. As will be described later, for example, when the installation interval of the projector is about 12 mm, the image of the exit pupil 41 (hereinafter referred to as “imaging pupil” 6) diffused and imaged in the horizontal direction has a large number of images. A pupil imaging plane 6S, which is a plane on which a set of pupils 6 is arranged, is filled. Also in the vertical direction, the overlapping of the imaging pupils 6 is considered in the same manner as in the horizontal direction in consideration of the arrangement of the projector array 4.

  In the projector array 4, in the space on the lower surface side of the two-surface corner reflector array 2, a plurality of equivalent projectors (not shown) are arranged in a two-dimensional lattice form with their exit pupils 41 as shown in FIG. They are arranged in a line. Specifically, each projector is arranged in an inclined posture so that the optical axis of each exit pupil 41 intersects the element plane S of the dihedral corner reflector array 2 and the light diffusion plate 3 at an oblique angle. From the exit pupil 41 of each projector, an image is projected with the light diffusing plate 3 as a screen in focus. Therefore, each projector is preferably adjusted so as to project an image so that the light diffusing plate 3 is focused obliquely. However, a normal front-projection type projector may be used as long as it is within the depth of focus range. It can be used. If a bending optical system that bends light rays from each projector in one direction is arranged between the projector array 4 and the light diffusing plate 3 so that the projector can project the light diffusing plate 3 vertically. Adjustment associated with oblique projection can be eliminated. As such a bending optical system, for example, a prism array or a slit mirror array having an inclined mirror surface can be used. Furthermore, the arrangement of the pixels 71 and 72 of the image 7 projected from the exit pupil 41 on the light diffusing plate 3 corresponds to the arrangement configuration of the holes 20h as unit optical elements in the two-surface corner reflector array 2. ing. However, as shown in FIG. 5, when the array of the holes 20h and the array of the pixels 71 and 72 are rotated in the 45 degree direction, the pixels 71 that coincide with the holes 20h (in FIG. 5, the holes 20h filled with gray are filled in). (Indicated by a square inscribed in the circle), the hole 20h as a unit optical element can be independently displayed as a single pixel, so that the highest resolution image can be presented. The video projected from each projector can use video data (image data) captured or created in advance, whether it is a moving image or a still image, or real-time video data captured by a camera. For example, when a camera array comprising a plurality of cameras arranged so as to be optically conjugate with the imaging pupil 41 of each projector is arranged physically, the light rays from the imaging target enter each camera, If the camera array and the projector array 4 are installed at locations separated from each other, the three-dimensional object to be photographed is transmitted as an image as it is. Will be. As a specific implementation of the projector array 4, it is desirable to use a distributed system that generates an image independently for each projector as one method of multi-projection. With this implementation, it is possible to add projectors for each projector. In the projector array 4 by such a distributed system, although not shown, each projector unit is connected to an independent MPU board. The projector unit to be used is, for example, a qHD (960 × 540) resolution, a size of 30 × 31 × 7 mm, and a brightness of 6 lm. The MPU board is equipped with a predetermined CPU core and GPU, has an external connection interface such as a wired or wireless LAN, and operates on a predetermined OS. That is, each projector is connected to a computer equipped with an independent OS, and can freely display an image. Since each computer displays an image that differs only in the viewpoint, the stereoscopic data and the program are shared, and only the viewpoint needs to be changed relatively. Since the relative viewpoint between the projectors does not change, it can be designated as a fixed parameter in advance. That is, when adding projectors corresponding to a new viewpoint, it is only necessary to change the relative viewpoint parameters by using the same hardware and software. In order to change the viewpoint for the displayed video, only the reference viewpoint needs to be broadcast to each computer, and the amount of communication can be suppressed. Furthermore, although a control computer is also introduced, only the viewpoint information is sent at the time of display, and no processing capability is required. In the present embodiment, a projector array 4 is configured by arranging a plurality of projector units in an array, for example, at intervals of 12 mm, with the above projector unit (only the exit pupil 41 is shown) and a computer as a set.

  An imaging method and an observation method by the stereoscopic display device 1 of the present embodiment having the above-described configurations will be described below. In this description, the exit pupils 41 of a plurality of projectors in the projector array 4 and the cameras in the camera array as described above are associated with each other so as to be physically and optically conjugate. The case of projecting with the array 4 and observing the image will be described. First, an object placed at a position different from that of the stereoscopic display device 1 is photographed by each camera of the camera array, and the image is focused on the light diffusion plate 3 from the exit pupil 41 of each projector corresponding to the projector array 4. Project from diagonally below. The projected image is projected using the light diffusion plate 3 as a screen. Since the two-surface corner reflector 21 which is a unit optical system of the two-surface corner reflector array 2 and the arrangement of the pixels 71 and 72 of the image 7 projected on the light diffusion plate 3 are arranged to correspond to each other, the light diffusion plate When 3 is coincident with or sufficiently close to the two-surface corner reflector array 2, the light beam corresponding to one pixel 71 is reflected by one two-surface corner reflector, so that the high resolution of the projected image as it is is high. Is obtained. In addition, since the dihedral corner reflector array 2 performs surface symmetry conversion of light rays, the light diffusion plate 3 on which the image is projected is directly imaged (light diffusion) on the upper surface of the base 20 of the dihedral corner reflector array 2. Plate real image 51). At this time, since the light diffusing plate 3 is in close contact with the dihedral corner reflector array 2, an image is formed with high resolution almost without being affected by diffraction. Further, since the two-surface corner reflector 21 which is a unit optical system of the two-surface corner reflector array 2 is arranged so as to coincide with the pixel arrangement of the image projected on the light diffusion plate 3, the two-surface corner reflector array 2 The real mirror image 5 of the image on the formed light diffusing plate real image 51 is obtained with exactly the same resolution as the projector. Further, since the exit pupil 41 of each projector itself emits a light beam, the light beam is once diffused in the isotropic direction by the light diffusion plate 3 and reaches the two-surface corner reflector array 2 to each two surfaces. A two-plane corner that is reflected by the two mirror surfaces 21a and 21b of the corner reflector 21 twice, is transmitted a total of two times, passes through the two-plane corner reflector array 2, and is a plane-symmetrical position with respect to the element plane S of each exit pupil 41 An image is formed as a real mirror image in the space above the reflector array 2. The imaging pupil 6, which is a real mirror image of the imaged exit pupil 41, is an image of the light beam diffused by the light diffusion plate 3, and therefore has a diameter larger than the circular shape that is the front view shape of the exit pupil 41. However, the peripheral edge thereof is not clear but blurred, and the imaging pupils 6 of the adjacent exit pupils 41 are partially connected to each other.

  The set of imaging pupils 6 of the respective exit pupils 41 thus imaged is a position in the space above the dihedral corner reflector array 2, specifically, a position in a space that is a plane symmetric position with respect to the element plane S of the projector array 4. In addition, a real image of the light diffusing plate 3 formed from each imaging pupil 6 (a real mirror image 5 of the image projected on the light diffusing plate 3 on the light diffusing plate real image 51 is formed as a virtually open viewing window. ) Can be observed. In particular, the observer aligns the positions of both eyes V and V (viewpoint positions) with the imaging pupil 6 in the vicinity so that the real mirror image 5 of the image projected on the light diffusion plate 3 can be obtained by binocular parallax. As a three-dimensional image, it is possible to observe with almost the same high resolution projected from the exit pupil 41 of each projector. That is, the stereoscopic display device 1 of the present embodiment can observe the image projected from one projector (exit pupil 41) as it is from one imaging pupil 6, so that the projected image from the projector is exactly the same. It is possible to observe with the resolution. Further, since the image projected from the exit pupil 41 of each projector is the object itself photographed by each camera of the corresponding camera array, the photographing by the camera array and the projection by the projector array 4 are synchronized in real time. Thus, a subject to be photographed at a distant place can be transmitted as it is and observed as a three-dimensional image with high resolution. Further, in the present embodiment, since the light beam is imaged by the two-surface corner reflector array 2 using the reflection by the micromirror, the chromatic aberration is not easily generated, and the image to be formed (light from the projector array 2). The actual mirror image 5 projected on the diffusion plate 3 and the imaging pupil 6) that is a real image of the exit pupil 41 of each projector are mirror images, and therefore have no intrinsic focal length and are disposed at arbitrary positions. It is possible to form the exit pupil 41 of the array 2 and the image resulting therefrom without distortion.

  The configuration of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment. For example, the light diffusing plate 3 may be disposed on the upper surface side of the base 20 of the two-sided corner reflector array 2 or may be disposed at a very small distance from the lower or upper surface of the base 20 of the two-sided corner reflector array 2. Can be adopted. When the light diffusing plate 3 is arranged on the upper surface side of the two-surface corner reflector array 2, the image is projected from the projector by focusing on the plane symmetric position of the light diffusing plate 3 with respect to the symmetric plane of the real mirror image forming optical system. Project. Thereby, the image formed as a real image on the lower surface side of the symmetry plane is further formed as a real image at a plane symmetry position by the real mirror image forming optical system. Further, since the light diffusing plate 3 is disposed at the real image forming position on the upper surface side of the two-sided corner reflector array 2, a focused image is projected onto the light diffusing plate 3. .

  A stereoscopic display device 100, which is a first modification of the above-described embodiment shown in FIG. 6, uses the same mirror image imaging optical system as that of the above-described two-surface corner reflector array 2, and a plurality of projector exit pupils. 41 is applied to the projector array 140 in a one-dimensionally horizontal direction, and the projector array 140 and the bottom surface of the two-surface corner reflector array 2 are arranged so as to be substantially opposed to the light rays projected from the exit pupils 41 of the projector array 140. A configuration in which the light diffusing plate 3 is arranged in a space between the two is adopted. For the two-sided corner reflector array 2, the individual two-sided corner reflectors 21 that are unit optical systems are shown as being formed by two inner surfaces of a square hole formed in the base 20 as shown in FIG. 3. However, the size of each two-sided corner reflector 21 is exaggerated in FIG. 6 and is actually very small. The image of each projector is projected on the light diffusing plate 3 in focus. The image projected on the light diffusing plate 3 is imaged as a real mirror image 150 in a space on the upper surface side of the two-surface corner reflector array 2 that is in a plane-symmetrical position by the two-surface corner reflector array 2. This real mirror image 150 can be considered to be formed on the light diffusion plate real image 151 in which the light diffusion plate 3 itself forms an image at a plane-symmetrical position by the two-surface corner reflector array 2. Further, each exit pupil 41 of the projector array 140 is also imaged at a plane-symmetrical position by the two-surface corner reflector array 2, but the imaging pupil 6 is generated by a light beam transmitted through the light diffusion plate 3. Because there is, it is blurred. Assuming that the observer is facing a certain point on the displayed real mirror image 150, the exit pupil of the projector is on a straight line connecting the observer's eyes V and V (viewpoint) and the point on the real mirror image 150. If there are 41 imaging pupils 6 and light rays emitted from the imaging pupil 6 enter the observer's eye V, the observer observes the point on the real mirror image 150. be able to. That is, in order to be able to observe the real mirror image 150 without interruption by continuous viewpoint movement from a wide viewpoint, a certain plane in space (that is, a pupil imaging plane formed by a set of imaging pupils 6) by the imaging pupil 6. 160S) must be filled. In general, since the exit pupil 41 of the projector is small and it is difficult to fill the pupil imaging surface 160S only with the image of the exit pupil 41, the image of the exit pupil 41 is also obtained by the diffusion plate 3 in this modification. The method of blurring and expanding is used. As described above, since the projector array 140 is configured one-dimensionally, the horizontal direction is diffused so that the adjacent imaging pupils 6 overlap, and the vertical direction is diffused so that an appropriate viewing area can be secured. By doing so, the pupil imaging plane 160S can be filled with the diffused pupil real image. The vertical diffusion angle of the light diffusing plate 3 is not so important because it only serves to determine the viewing zone. Also in this modification, when observing an image with the viewpoint at the position of the imaging pupil 6 of the exit pupil 41, the real mirror image 150 of the image projected by one projector can be seen as it is, and the viewpoint is viewed sideways. When moving, the real mirror image 150 of the image from the projector that projects the image of the viewpoint can be observed as it is.

  In the above embodiment and its modification, when the image is observed with the viewpoint at the position of the imaging pupil 6 of the exit pupil 41, the real mirror image 5 projected by one projector can be viewed as it is. A case has been described in which the actual mirror image 5 of the image from the projector that projects the image of the viewpoint can be observed as it is when the viewpoint is moved sideways. In the present invention, since a certain plane (pupil imaging plane) in space is filled with a set of diffused real mirror images 6 of the exit pupil 41 of each projector, the position of the viewpoint and the pupil imaging plane However, it is not always necessary to make them coincide with each other, and the image can be observed even if the positional relationship is changed as follows. In other words, when the viewpoint is behind the pupil imaging plane (in the direction away from the two-plane corner reflector array 2), the real image 6 of the pupil imaging plane works like a hole in the space, and the image is transmitted through the hole. Can be observed. Further, when the viewpoint is in front of the pupil imaging plane (in the direction approaching the two-plane corner reflector array 2), the image can be observed by the light rays sucked into the holes. If the viewpoint position and the pupil image plane do not match, the light rays entering the observer's pupil become light rays projected by a plurality of projectors, and an image obtained by combining these is observed.

  Here, the influence of the viewpoint movement in the vertical direction in the stereoscopic display device 100 in which the projector array array provides only one-dimensional lateral parallax will be described with reference to FIG. For example, as shown in the figure, it is assumed that the position of the light diffusing plate real image 151 and the localization position due to parallax are substantially matched. In this case, even if vertical viewpoint movement (movement of the observer's eye V in the vertical direction) is performed, the apparent vertical position of the real mirror image 150 exists optically as a real image. Will not change. However, since the real mirror image 150 is a two-dimensional image and does not change even if the viewpoint moves, the real mirror image 150 seems to rotate so as to follow the movement of the viewpoint when interpreted as a three-dimensional image. However, it is possible to minimize the failure of the sense of orientation and realism that accompanies vertical movement.

  An example of a display image by the stereoscopic display device 100 of the present embodiment is shown in FIG. The figure shows a pot placed on a table and an image with a stick approaching the tip of the pot. The left side of the figure is an image observed from the viewpoint of the left eye of the observer, and the right side of the figure is an observation. It is an image observed from the viewpoint of a person's right eye. The tip of the bar visible on the screen points to a certain point in space. The tip of this bar coincides with the tip of the pot as an image, but is displayed at a position where this relationship is maintained even if the viewpoint is moved up and down. Note that the position of the real image of the diffusion plate 3 (that is, the real mirror image 5 of the image projected on the light diffusion plate 3) is an important factor for such vertical viewpoint movement. When the position of the real image of the diffusing plate 3 matches the position on the parallax, the localization position does not move even by the vertical viewpoint movement.

  Further, as the diffusing surface, the light diffusing plate 3 is not used, and the two-surface corner reflector array 2 itself can be provided with a light diffusing function. For example, the mirror surfaces 21a and 21b of each of the two-sided corner reflectors 21 are roughened to such an extent that light rays are appropriately diffused, or processed as described above, such as curved surfaces (convex surfaces, concave surfaces). Thus, the two-surface corner reflector array 2 can also function as a diffusing surface geometrically or wave-optically. Further, if the two-surface corner reflector 21 which is a unit optical system of the two-surface corner reflector array 2 is made sufficiently smaller than the image pixels projected on the light diffusion plate 3, a plurality of two-surface corner reflectors 21 per pixel. Therefore, the resolution can be adjusted more finely. Further, the diffusion surface (light diffusion plate 3) can be a curved surface as well as a flat surface.

  As a real mirror image forming optical system, an afocal lens such as a stereoscopic display device 200 shown as another modified example (second modified example) in FIG. 9 is used instead of the two-surface corner reflector array 2 of the above-described embodiment. It is also possible to apply the array 220. As shown in FIG. 10, the afocal lens array 220 is configured by arranging a large number of afocal lenses 221 on one element plane 220S. Specifically, the afocal lens 221 includes two lenses 221a and 221b that share an optical axis g perpendicular to the element plane 200S and are spaced from each other by focal lengths fs and fe. In this example, convex lenses are applied as the lenses 221a and 221b. As a result, light incident on the lenses 221a... From one side of the element plane 220S exits from the other pair of lenses 221b..., And is collected at a position that is plane-symmetric with respect to the element plane 220S. Shine. In other words, the image projected from the exit pupil 41 of the projector serving as the light source onto the light diffusion plate 3 forms an image at a plane symmetrical position with respect to the element plane 220S of the light diffusion plate 3 (light diffusion plate real image 251). In addition, each exit pupil 41 of the projector array 240 is imaged by the afocal lens array 220 (imaging pupil 6), and is blurred by the light diffusing plate 3 in the middle of the optical path, so that a fixed plane (pupil imaging surface) 260S). Note that when an image is formed as a real image at a plane-symmetrical position with respect to the element plane 220S using the afocal lens array 220, the viewing angle is limited to a direction close to perpendicular to the element plane 220S. Therefore, in this modification, the projector array 240 is arranged so as to project an image parallel to the optical axis g of the afocal lens array 220 from directly below the afocal lens array 220, and the projector array 240 and the afocal lens array. The light diffusing plate 230 is arranged so as to be perpendicular to the image projected between the two. In the case of this modification, if the observer locates the viewpoints of both eyes V and V directly above the afocal lens array 220 and looks directly underneath, the real mirror image 250 of the projected image is imaged. It can be observed on the light diffusion plate real image 251.

  In addition, the specific configuration of each part is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

  In addition to amusements, conferences, surveys, etc. that are performed while showing stereoscopic images, the present invention is also suitable for stereoscopic image display / transmission systems suitable for, for example, remote surgery as applications that require live broadcast of high-resolution stereoscopic images. Is available.

1,100,200 ... stereoscopic display device 2,200 ... actual mirror image forming optical system (two-sided corner reflector array, afocal lens array)
21 ... Unit optical system (two-sided corner reflector)
3 ... Diffusion surface (light diffusion plate)
4, 140, 240 ... projector array 41 ... exit pupil 5, 150, 250 ... real mirror image of image projected on light diffusing plate 3 6 ... imaging pupil 6S, 160S, 260S ... pupil imaging plane 7 ... projector Projection image 71, 72 ... Projection pixel of projector

Claims (6)

A mirror image can be formed at a plane symmetrical position in the other space by transmitting a light beam emitted from one side of the space with a single geometric plane as a symmetry plane. A real mirror image forming optical system, a diffusion surface for diffusing the light beam before, after or during transmission through the symmetry plane, and a plurality of spaces disposed on one side of the symmetry plane And a projector array formed by arranging projectors of
The exit pupil is plane-symmetrical with respect to the symmetry plane by allowing the light beam projected from the exit pupil of each projector to be focused on the diffusion plane and passing through the symmetry plane of the real mirror image forming optical system and the diffusion means. Each of the imaging pupils is imaged as an imaging pupil which is a mirror image that is a real image diffused at a position, and each of the imaging pupils fills a pupil imaging plane in which the set of imaging pupils are arranged without gaps. An image formed by projecting the image projected from the projector array from the side on which the imaging pupil is imaged on the position of the symmetry plane or the space on the side on which the imaging pupil is imaged can also be moved by the viewpoint movement. A stereoscopic display device characterized in that it can be continuously observed. The stereoscopic display device according to claim 1, wherein the exit pupils of a plurality of projectors constituting the projector array are arranged one-dimensionally or two-dimensionally. The imaging position of the image projected by the projector array is on the diffusion surface located on the projector array side with respect to the symmetry plane, and a real mirror image is formed while diffusing the imaged image by the diffusion surface. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 1, wherein the stereoscopic display device forms and presents a real image by an image optical system. The real mirror image forming optical system is configured as a set of a plurality of unit optical systems, and the arrangement of the plurality of unit optical systems is associated with the pixel arrangement projected by each projector. The stereoscopic display device according to claim 1. The real mirror image-forming optical system uses, as a unit optical system, a two-surface corner reflector having two mirror surfaces substantially perpendicular to each other in a substantially vertical posture with respect to the symmetry plane, and the two-surface corner reflector is the symmetric 5. The stereoscopic display device according to claim 1, which is a two-surface corner reflector array having a configuration in which a plurality of surfaces are arranged on a surface. 6. The three-dimensional image according to claim 1, wherein an image projected by the projector array is an image photographed by a camera array including a plurality of cameras so as to be optically conjugate with a plurality of projectors and a physical arrangement. Display device.

Images