JP2013150427A - Charging control device corresponding to a plurality of quick chargers and normal chargers - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To achieve efficient control in consideration of fluctuation in load for each time zone, at centralized control of charging operations of a plurality of quick chargers and normal chargers.SOLUTION: A management side controller 11 communicates with a plurality of quick chargers and normal chargers to control their charging operations. An upper limit power for each time zone, that can be supplied from a commercial system to the plurality of chargers, is stored in a memory 14. A charging condition of a driving battery by the quick chargers and a charging condition of the driving battery by the normal chargers are defined so as not to exceed the upper limit power on the commercial system side.

Description

  The present invention relates to a charging control apparatus that centrally controls charging operations of a plurality of quick chargers and ordinary chargers.

  In recent years, electric vehicles are becoming widespread, but it is indispensable to enhance charging facilities for full-scale popularization of electric vehicles. In addition, for battery-powered construction equipment and residential storage batteries that are useful in the event of a disaster, the enhancement of charging facilities is expected to improve convenience. And it is thought that charging facilities can be enhanced by installing quick chargers and ordinary chargers in parking lots and parking spaces in stores.

  In order to charge a plurality of electric vehicles, in the apparatus of Patent Document 1, a plurality of charging ports are provided in one AC / DC conversion rectifier so that a plurality of electric vehicles can be charged simultaneously. Moreover, in the apparatus of Patent Document 2, a plurality of chargers are controlled within the predicted load power. Furthermore, in the apparatus of Patent Document 3, the staying time is predicted from the vehicle ID using a technique such as a neural network, and charging control is performed so that the charging time is within the staying time.

JP-A-5-336673 JP 2000-209707 A JP 2011-83165 A

  When a quick charger or a normal charger is installed in an existing parking lot or a parking space of a store, the capacity of the power receiving facility is limited, and the desired number of installations may not be satisfied. There is also a demand to control demand while keeping the total charger load within a certain range.

  The device of Patent Document 1 performs charge control within the capacity range of the AC / DC conversion rectifier. For this reason, the power receiving facility capacity is not considered in the control. In addition, the apparatus of Patent Document 2 does not take into account user requests such as charging completion time and desired charge amount. Furthermore, in the apparatus of Patent Document 3, although charging completion time and power receiving facility capacity are considered, load fluctuations for each time zone are not considered.

  This invention is made | formed in view of such a situation, The objective is to implement | achieve the efficient charge control which considered the load fluctuation | variation for every time slot | zone.

  In order to achieve the above-described object, the present invention provides a quick charger that converts an alternating current from a commercial system into a direct current to quickly charge the first storage battery, and an additional charger attached to the second storage battery. A charge control device that communicates with a normal charger that charges the second storage battery by supplying a single-phase alternating current from the battery, and controls a charging operation by the quick charger and the normal charger, from the commercial system An upper limit power storage unit that stores the upper limit power that can be supplied to the quick charger and the normal charger for each time zone, and a desired charge amount storage unit that stores a desired charge amount for the first storage battery and the second storage battery A desired charge completion time storage unit for storing a desired charge completion time for the first storage battery and the second storage battery, and the desired charge amount and the desired charge completion time. A minimum charging power acquisition unit for acquiring the minimum power on the commercial system side required for charging in time, a charging current supplied to the auxiliary charger, an input voltage input to the auxiliary charger, and the desired charging A unit charge condition obtaining unit for obtaining an individual power, a unit charge time, and a remaining charge time required for charging the unit charge amount for the second storage battery from the amount and the desired charge completion time; and The minimum power required for charging is summed up for each time period, and when the power is equal to or lower than the upper limit power, a first charging permission unit that permits charging of the first storage battery by the quick charger, and the second storage battery The total of the individual power required for charging is obtained in time series, and compared with the difference between the upper limit power and the minimum power in the corresponding time zone, and the total of the individual power is the upper limit power and the minimum power. Total and If the difference below, and having a second charging permission unit for permitting supply of the single-phase alternating current from the common charger.

  According to the charge control device of the present invention, the upper limit power for each time zone is stored in the upper limit power storage unit, and the charging condition of the first storage battery by the quick charger and the normal charger are set so as not to exceed the upper limit power. Since the charging conditions of the second storage battery are determined, efficient charging control can be performed in consideration of fluctuations for each time zone regarding loads such as air conditioners and lighting.

  In the above-described charging control device, when there is a time zone in which the total of the minimum power exceeds the upper limit power, the first charge permission unit indicates the power that has been exceeded, and the total of the minimum power is less than the upper limit power. When allocating to other time zones, a larger number of first storage batteries can be charged.

  In the above-described charging control device, when the first charging permission unit has a time zone that is less than the upper limit power for the total sum of the sum of the minimum power and the sum of the individual powers, When the power on the commercial system side is increased from the minimum power within a range where the total sum is equal to or lower than the upper limit power, the charging time for the first storage battery to be charged can be shortened.

  In the above-described charging control device, when there is a request for charging a plurality of the quick chargers, a first priority storage unit that stores a first priority for each of the quick chargers in the order in which the requests are made, The first charging permission unit performs charging of the first storage battery by the quick charger having the first priority higher than charging of the first storage battery by the quick charger having the lower first priority. In this case, since the first storage battery charged with the quick charger that has been previously requested for charging is preferentially charged, fairness can be ensured.

  In the above-described charging control device, information for individually transmitting maximum current value information indicating a maximum current value in the time period to the quick charger in which charging of the first storage battery is permitted by the first charging permission unit. In the case of having the transmission unit, the quick charger charges the first storage battery within the range of the received maximum current value information, so that charging can be performed under conditions suitable for the state of the quick charger and the storage battery.

  The charging control device includes a second priority storage unit that stores a second priority for each of the normal chargers when charging is requested from the plurality of normal chargers, and the second charging The permission unit accumulates the individual powers in descending order of the second priority stored in the second priority storage unit, and determines the last ordinary charger when the total of the individual powers exceeds the upper limit power. In the standby state and when allowing the supply of the single-phase alternating current to the normal charger before that, the second storage battery is preferentially charged by the high-priority normal charger. Charge control reflecting the demand can be realized.

  In the above-described charging control device, the charging control device includes a unit charging number storage unit that stores, for each of the ordinary chargers, a charging number of the unit charging amount for the second storage battery, and the second charging permission unit has the charging number of times. In the case where a relatively small number of second storage batteries and a relatively large number of second storage batteries are mixed, the second storage battery having a relatively small number of times of charging has priority over the second storage battery having a relatively large number of times of charging. When the second priority is changed so as to be charged, a problem that a specific storage battery is continuously charged can be suppressed.

  In the above-described charge control device, when the second priority is set higher as the ratio of the expected charge completion time to the desired completion time is larger, the charge control pattern can be made closer to the user's desire.

  Further, the present invention is a charge control device that communicates with a plurality of quick chargers for rapidly charging a storage battery by converting alternating current from a commercial system into direct current, and controls a charging operation by the quick charger, An upper limit power storage unit that stores the upper limit power that can be supplied from the commercial system to the quick charger for each time zone, a desired charge amount storage unit that stores a desired charge amount for the storage battery, and a desired charge completion time for the storage battery A minimum charge for acquiring the minimum power on the commercial system side necessary for charging the storage battery at the desired charge completion time from the desired charge completion time storage unit, the desired charge amount and the desired charge completion time. A charging power acquisition unit and a rapid power supply that permits charging of the storage battery by the quick charger when the minimum power required for charging the storage battery is totaled for each time period and is equal to or less than the upper limit power And having a conductive permission unit.

  Further, the present invention communicates with a plurality of ordinary chargers that charge the storage battery by supplying a single-phase alternating current from a commercial system to an attached charger attached to the storage battery, and performs a charging operation by the ordinary charger. A charge control device for controlling, an upper limit power storage unit that stores an upper limit power that can be supplied from the commercial system to the ordinary charger for each time zone, and a desired charge amount storage that stores a desired charge amount for the storage battery A desired charge completion time storage unit for storing a desired charge completion time for the storage battery, a charging current supplied to the auxiliary charger, an input voltage input to the auxiliary charger, the desired charge amount, and the desired The unit charge condition acquisition unit for acquiring the individual power, unit charge time, and remaining charge time required for charging the unit charge amount for the storage battery from the charge completion time, and required for charging the storage battery The total of the individual power is obtained in a time series, compared with the upper limit power in a corresponding time zone, and when the total of the individual power is equal to or less than the upper limit power, the supply of the single-phase AC from the normal charger is performed. And a second charging permission unit to be permitted.

  According to the present invention, when centralized control of charging operations of a plurality of quick chargers and ordinary chargers, it is possible to realize efficient control in consideration of load fluctuations for each time zone.

It is a figure explaining the outline of a charging system. It is a functional block diagram of a charging system. (A) is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of the management-side control unit, and (b) is a conceptual diagram illustrating the memory of the management-side control unit. It is a figure explaining the example of a display of an input indicator, and shows the selection screen of a charger. It is a figure explaining the example of a display of an input indicator, (a) shows the desired charge amount in a quick charger, (b) shows the desired charge amount in a normal charger, respectively. It is a figure explaining the example of a display of an input indicator, (a) shows the desired charge completion time in a quick charger, (b) shows the desired charge completion time in a normal charger, respectively. It is a figure explaining the example of a display of an input indicator, (a) shows the charging completion scheduled time in a quick charger, (b) shows the charging completion scheduled time in a normal charger, respectively. It is a figure explaining the example of a display of an input indicator, (a) shows the selection screen of the vehicle manufacturer in a normal charger, (b) shows the selection screen of the vehicle name in a normal charger, respectively. It is a figure explaining the example of a display of an input indicator, and shows the selection screen of the battery remaining amount (remaining capacity) in a normal charger. (A) is a block diagram explaining the structure of a quick charge side control part, (b) is a conceptual diagram explaining the memory of a quick charge side control part. (A) is a block diagram explaining the structure of a normal charge side control part, (b) is a conceptual diagram explaining the memory of a normal charge side control part. It is a block diagram explaining the structure of an electric vehicle. (A) is a block diagram explaining the structure of a vehicle side control part, (b) is a conceptual diagram explaining the memory of a vehicle side control part. It is a main flowchart of a charging system. It is a flowchart explaining a quick charge control provisional determination process. It is a flowchart explaining a normal charge control temporary determination process. (A)-(c) is a figure explaining the specific example of the charge control pattern determined by quick charge control temporary determination process in time series, respectively. (A)-(c) is a figure explaining the specific example of the charge control pattern determined by a normal charge control temporary determination process in time series, respectively. (A)-(c) is a figure explaining the specific example of the charge control pattern determined by a normal charge control temporary determination process in time series, respectively. (A), (b) is a figure explaining the process which allocates the electric power which charges each battery in the time slot | zone which has an electric power margin, respectively.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. The charging system of this embodiment is for charging a secondary battery mounted on an electric vehicle, and is installed, for example, in a charging stand for an electric vehicle or a convenience store.

  As shown in FIG. 1, this charging system has a centralized management device 10, a plurality of quick chargers 20, a plurality of ordinary chargers 30, and a load (other load) 40 other than each charger. doing.

  The central management device 10 is a device in charge of control in this charging system, and corresponds to a charging control device. The central management device 10 communicates with the chargers 20 and 30 to control the charging operation by the chargers 20 and 30. The centralized management apparatus 10 will be described in detail later.

  The quick charger 20 is a device for charging the driving battery 54 mounted on the electric vehicle 50, and a plurality of quick chargers 20 are installed in one system and can be expanded. In this system, one quick charger 20 charges one drive battery 54. For convenience, two quick chargers 20 are illustrated, but the number is not limited to two. Moreover, each quick charger 20 communicates also with the electric vehicle 50 carrying the drive battery 54 to be charged, and exchanges various information. The quick charger 20 will be described later.

  The ordinary charger 30 is a device that charges the drive battery 54 by supplying a single-phase alternating current to an in-vehicle charger 53 (see FIGS. 2 and 12) mounted on the electric vehicle 50. Multiple units can be installed and expanded. In this system, one ordinary charger 30 charges one drive battery 54. For convenience, two ordinary chargers 30 are illustrated, but the number is not limited to two. The ordinary charger 30 will be described later.

  The other load 40 corresponds to various devices excluding the chargers 20 and 30. For example, an air conditioner or lighting corresponds to this load. In the case of a convenience store, facilities such as refrigerators and freezers also fall under this load. In this embodiment, the centralized management apparatus 10 acquires a detection signal from the power sensor 61 provided in the indoor wiring, and recognizes the amount of power supplied to each load based on the level of this detection signal. Further, the centralized management apparatus 10 communicates with the low voltage distribution unit 62 having a low voltage distribution board and a distribution panel, and recognizes the amount of power supplied from the commercial system 60 to each charger 20, 30.

  In this charging system, when the driving battery 54 is charged by the quick charger 20, the central control device 10 communicates with the electric vehicle 50 via the quick charger 20, and necessary information is transmitted from the electric vehicle 50. get. Then, the driving battery 54 is charged with the high-voltage direct current converted by the quick charger 20. When the drive battery 54 is charged via the normal charger 30, the central control device 10 communicates with the normal charger 30 and sets the supply time of the single-phase AC supplied to the in-vehicle charger 53. . The in-vehicle charger 53 converts the supplied single-phase alternating current into high-voltage direct current, and charges the drive battery 54.

  For this reason, as shown in FIG. 2, the centralized management apparatus 10 is the management side control unit 11, the quick charger 20 is the quick charge side control unit 21, the normal charger 30 is the normal charge side control unit 31, and the electric vehicle. 50 has the vehicle side control part 51, respectively. And the management side control part 11 and the quick charge side control part 21, the management side control part 11 and the normal charge side control part 31, and the quick charge side control part 21 and the vehicle side control part 51 are connected in a communicable state. As a result, information is transmitted and received. In FIG. 2, a thick line indicates a power supply line, and a thin line indicates a data or signal communication line.

  Next, the central management apparatus 10 will be described. As shown in FIG. 2, the centralized management apparatus 10 includes a management side control unit 11 and an input display 12. The management-side control unit 11 is a central part of control in the centralized management apparatus 10. As shown in FIG. 3A, the management side control unit 11 includes a control unit main body 15 having a CPU 13 and a memory 14, and a communication interface 16.

  In the control unit main body 15, various control operations are realized by the CPU 13 executing a program stored in the memory 14. For example, the operation of setting the maximum charging current value in each quick charger 20 for each time zone and the supply control of single-phase alternating current from each ordinary charger 30 to the electric vehicle 50 (on-vehicle charger 53) are realized. The communication interface 16 controls communication in the central management apparatus 10. That is, the communication performed between each quick charger 20 and each ordinary charger 30 is controlled.

  As shown in FIG. 3B, a part of the memory 14 includes a program storage area, an identification information storage area, a contract power storage area, an upper limit power storage area for each time zone, a set interval storage area, a total capacity storage area, Remaining capacity storage area, desired charge amount storage area, desired charge completion time storage area, first AC / DC conversion efficiency storage area, first voltage value storage area, first charge power storage area, first priority storage area, time zone Separate total power storage area, remaining charge time storage area, vehicle type database, second AC / DC conversion efficiency storage area, second voltage value storage area, second charge power storage area, charge urgency storage area, second priority storage area , A unit charge time storage area, a switching time point storage area, a unit charge number counter, and a control pattern storage area.

  Among these areas, information common to charging in the quick charger 20 and charging in the normal charger 30 is stored in the storage area from the program storage area to the desired charge completion time storage area. For this reason, in FIG. 3B, (co) is described after the storage area. In addition, information related to charging by the quick charger 20 is stored in the storage area from the first AC / DC conversion efficiency storage area to the remaining charging time storage area. For this reason, in FIG. 3B, (sudden) is described after the storage area. Similarly, information related to charging by the ordinary charger 30 is stored in the storage area from the vehicle type database to the control pattern storage area. For this reason, in FIG. 3B, (general) is described after the storage area.

  The program storage area stores a program that is read and executed by the CPU 13.

  In the identification information storage area, identification information indicating an electrical device that is communicable with the centralized management apparatus 10 is stored. In the present embodiment, unique identification information indicating each charger is stored for each quick charger 20 and each ordinary charger 30. Therefore, the centralized management apparatus 10 recognizes from which charger the received information is transmitted by comparing the identification information included in the received information with the identification information stored in the identification information storage area. it can. Each of the chargers 20 and 30 charges a driving battery 54 mounted on one electric vehicle 50. For this reason, if the chargers 20 and 30 can be recognized, the electric vehicle 50 to be charged and the drive battery 54 can also be recognized. Therefore, the identification information also functions as identification information for the electric vehicle 50 and the driving battery 54 connected to the chargers 20 and 30.

  In the contract power storage area, a contract power value corresponding to the contract content with the customer who owns the charging system is stored. The centralized management apparatus 10 determines the charge control pattern of each charger 20 and 30 so as not to exceed the contract power, and performs charge control according to the charge control pattern.

  In the time zone upper limit power storage area, a total of charging power (power of the commercial system 60 on the primary side) that can be used for charging by each of the chargers 20 and 30 is stored for each time zone. Here, the upper limit power can be calculated by subtracting the power consumed by the other load 40 (predicted value based on performance) from the contract power. The time zone means a time as a unit of control, and can be set to an arbitrary time width by a system administrator. For example, it can be set to 1 hour every hour or 30 minutes. The time zone information is stored in the set interval storage area as a set interval.

  Each of the total capacity storage area and the remaining capacity storage area is a part that stores information related to the drive battery 54 to be charged in association with the chargers 20 and 30 that perform charging. That is, the total charge capacity is stored in the total capacity storage area, and the remaining charge capacity is stored in the remaining capacity storage area together with the identification information of the chargers 20 and 30 that perform charging.

  In the quick charger 20, these pieces of information are acquired via the quick charge side control unit 21 and are referred to by the CPU 13 when the charging condition for the driving battery 54 is determined. On the other hand, in the ordinary charger 30, these pieces of information are read from the vehicle database associated with the vehicle type selection process (S 301, FIG. 16) described later, and the user input associated with the remaining capacity input process (S 302, FIG. 16). Obtained by operation. Then, the CPU 13 refers to the charging condition for the driving battery 54.

  The desired charge amount storage area and the desired charge completion time storage area are portions that store requests related to charging from the user of the electric vehicle 50 in association with the chargers 20 and 30 that perform charging. In the desired charge amount storage area, information on the charge amount desired by the user (for example, XX% or more of the total capacity) is stored. In the desired charge completion time storage area, information on the charge completion time desired by the user (for example, Δ time) Are stored together with the identification information of the charger that performs charging. These pieces of information are acquired by the user's operation on the input display 12 and are referred to by the CPU 13 when the charging condition for the driving battery 54 is determined.

  The first AC / DC conversion efficiency storage area stores the conversion efficiency for each quick charger 20 when converting from three-phase alternating current (AC) on the commercial system 60 side to direct current (DC). The centralized management device 10 uses this conversion efficiency information when acquiring the primary-side current value during rapid charging.

  In the first voltage value storage area, a voltage value related to rapid charging of the driving battery 54 is stored. That is, in the first voltage value storage area, the charging voltage value (DC voltage value) for each time zone for each driving battery 54 to be charged is stored together with the identification information of the quick charger 20 that performs charging. . In the first charging power storage area, the power (primary power) for each time zone when the driving battery 54 is rapidly charged is stored for each quick charger 20 that performs charging. This charging power is also stored together with identification information of the quick charger 20 that performs charging.

  The first priority storage area stores priorities for the drive battery 54 charged by the quick charger 20. In this embodiment, the higher priority is given to the driving battery 54 charged by the quick charger 20 that has been previously requested for charging.

  The total power storage area for each time zone stores the total power obtained by summing the power consumed during charging by each quick charger 20 for each time zone. This total power is calculated by summing the individual charging powers stored in the first charging power storage area. These pieces of information are obtained in the charging control determination process. The remaining charge time storage area stores the remaining time required for charging the driving battery 54 charged by each quick charger 20. The remaining time is reduced as the charging progresses. These pieces of information are also stored together with identification information of the quick charger 20 that performs charging.

  In the vehicle type database, the AC / DC conversion efficiency of the in-vehicle charger 53, the total charging capacity of the driving battery 54, and the charging current of the commercial system 60 supplied to the in-vehicle charger 53 for each electric vehicle 50 marketed in the vehicle database. Vehicle information such as a value (individual current value) is stored.

  The second AC / DC conversion efficiency storage area stores the conversion efficiency for each in-vehicle charger 53 when converting from single-phase alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). The centralized management device 10 uses this conversion efficiency information when acquiring the expected value of the charging completion time. Regarding the conversion efficiency, when the difference for each vehicle type is small, a standard value may be stored. When the standard value is stored, the item of AC / DC conversion efficiency is excluded from the vehicle type database.

  In the second voltage value storage area, a single-phase AC voltage value (primary voltage value) in the commercial system 60 is stored. This charging voltage value is a value that does not depend on the in-vehicle charger 53 and is commonly used in each ordinary charger 20.

  In the second charging power storage area, the charging power of the commercial system 60 supplied to the in-vehicle charger 53 is stored. This charging power is calculated by multiplying the primary side current value supplied to the in-vehicle charger 53 by the primary side voltage value and the power factor. Since the primary current value is unique information for each in-vehicle charger 53, this charging power is also unique information for each in-vehicle charger 53. The information on the charging power is calculated when the charging condition for the driving battery 54 is determined. For convenience, in the following description, the charging power for each on-vehicle charger 53 is also referred to as individual power.

  The charge urgency storage area is a portion that stores a charge urgency that is an index for determining a charge priority. This charge urgency is determined based on the ratio between the expected charge completion time (expected completion time) and the desired completion time desired by the user. For example, the greater the ratio obtained by dividing the expected completion time by the desired completion time (the longer the time required than the desired completion time), the higher the charge urgency. This charge urgency is also stored together with the identification information of the ordinary charger 30 that performs charging.

  In the second priority storage area, the priority for the normal charger 30 that performs the charging operation is stored. In this embodiment, the higher priority is assigned to the ordinary charger 30 having a higher charge urgency. This priority information is also stored together with identification information of the ordinary charger 30 that performs charging.

  The unit charging time storage area is a part for storing a unit charging time corresponding to one time in the unit charging operation (one cycle in the cyclic charging operation). In this charging system, in the charging control by the ordinary charger 30, the amount of electric power charged in one unit charging operation is made equal from the viewpoint of equality among users. Since this amount of electric power is made equal, the time required for one unit charging operation is determined according to the charging capacity (current value on the primary side) of the in-vehicle charger 53. Therefore, in this unit charging time storage area, one charging time in the unit charging operation is set as a unit charging time and stored together with identification information of the ordinary charger 30 that performs charging.

  The switching time storage area stores the control switching time (cross section described later) in the charge control pattern. The switching time includes a charging start time and a charging end time for each ordinary charger 30. In addition, a boundary between time zones when the upper limit power is switched corresponds to the switching time point. In the unit charge number counter, the number of executions of unit charge is stored together with identification information of the normal charger 30 that performs charging. The unit charge number counter is used in the process of determining the charge control pattern.

  The control pattern storage area stores the charge control pattern determined by the charge control determination process. This charge control pattern is a set of control switching time points (cross section), a normal charger 30 to be operated, and an operation time. When performing the charging process, the management-side control unit 11 reads out the charging control pattern stored in the control pattern storage area, and transmits necessary information to the normal charger 30 to be operated.

  Next, the input display 12 will be described. The input display 12 is a part that provides a user interface in the centralized management apparatus 10. As shown in FIG. 2, the input display 12 includes an input unit 12 a for inputting user instructions and a display unit 12 b for performing various displays. Have. The input display 12 of this embodiment is configured by a touch panel type liquid crystal display device. In this device, the touch panel corresponds to the input unit 12a, and the liquid crystal display device corresponds to the display unit 12b. Note that other types of devices may be used for the input display 12.

  The input indicator 12 is used when the user of the electric vehicle 50 selects the chargers 20 and 30, inputs a desired charge amount, and inputs a desired charge completion time. Further, when charging with the ordinary charger 30, when inputting the vehicle name, etc., inputting the remaining capacity (remaining battery power) of the drive battery 54, inputting the desired charge amount, and inputting the desired charge completion time, etc. Used.

  When the chargers 20 and 30 are selected, for example, as shown in FIG. 4, the type of the chargers 20 and 30 to be used and OK characters are displayed as button images. When the desired charge amount is input, for example, as shown in FIG. 5, the charge amount (ratio to the total charge capacity) of the drive battery 54 is displayed as a button image. Similarly, when inputting the desired charge completion time, for example, as shown in FIG. 6, the desired charge completion time is displayed as a button image. Further, as shown in FIG. 7, the input display 12 also displays the scheduled time for completion of charging.

  Further, when the ordinary charger 30 is selected, for example, as shown in FIG. 8A, first, the manufacturer name (A to H) and OK characters are displayed as a button image. When the manufacturer name is selected, the name of the selected manufacturer's car is displayed as a button image. For example, when “A” is selected as the manufacturer name, vehicle names “a1” to “a8” of the selected manufacturer are displayed as shown in FIG. In addition, as shown in FIG. 9, the remaining battery level of the driving battery 54 is displayed as a button image for each level as a selection image of the remaining battery level (remaining capacity).

  The contents of the display image are determined by the management-side control unit 11. In the present embodiment, display modes are different for selectable items and non-selectable items. For example, a button image that feels that the lamp is lit is displayed for selectable items, and a button image that feels that the lamp is extinguished is displayed for items that are not selectable. In the display example of FIG. 4, since the target is the quick charger 20, the quick charger A and the quick charger B are displayed as button images that are turned on, and the normal charger C and the normal charger D are turned off. Is displayed. Accordingly, it is possible to visually notify the user that the normal chargers C and D are not selected.

  When the selectable button image is touched by the user, the touch operation is detected by the input unit 12a. Then, detection information (for example, coordinates of the touch position) is output to the management-side control unit 11. The management-side control unit 11 recognizes the user selection based on the detection information. In the display example of FIG. 4, when the button image of the quick charger A is touched and the OK button image is touched, the coordinate information of the button image of the quick charger A is controlled from the input display 12 by the management side. Transmitted to the unit 11. The management-side control unit 11 recognizes that the quick charger A has been selected based on the received coordinate information.

  Next, the quick charger 20 will be described. The quick charger 20 is a device that supplies direct-current charging power for charging the drive battery 54, and includes a quick charge side control unit 21 and a power source unit 22 as shown in FIG. 2, for example.

  The quick charge side control unit 21 is a central part of the control in the quick charger 20, and as shown in FIG. 10A, a control unit main body 25 having a CPU 23 and a memory 24, and a communication interface 26 are provided. Have. The control unit main body 25 and the communication interface 26 are configured in the same manner as described in the management-side control unit 11.

  The power supply unit 22 is a part that supplies charging power for charging the driving battery 54, and includes a power converter 27 and a gate control unit 28 as shown in FIG. The power converter 27 is a part that converts three-phase alternating current from the commercial system 60 (low voltage distribution unit 62) into direct current, and for example, a PWM converter (not shown) is used. This PWM converter controls the supplied DC power in accordance with a gate control signal input to the gate terminal. The gate control unit 28 is a part that generates a gate control signal input to the gate terminal of the power converter 27. The gate control unit 28 is electrically connected to the quick charge side control unit 21, and the operation is controlled by the quick charge side control unit 21.

  Next, the memory 24 of the control unit body 25 will be described. As shown in FIG. 10B, a part of the memory 24 includes a program storage area, an identification information storage area, a total capacity storage area, a remaining capacity storage area, an output voltage value storage area, a charging current value storage area, a request It is used as a current value storage area.

  Among these storage areas, the program storage area stores a program that is read and executed by the CPU 23, and the identification information storage area stores unique identification information indicating the quick charger 20. . These pieces of information are stored in advance in the memory 24 as information specific to the quick charger 20.

  In the total capacity storage area and the remaining capacity storage area, the total charge capacity and the remaining charge capacity of the driving battery 54 charged by the quick charger 20 are stored, respectively. These pieces of information are acquired by communication with the vehicle-side control unit 51 and stored in the memory 24. Then, it is read and transmitted during communication with the management-side control unit 11.

  The output voltage value storage area stores a DC voltage value (charge voltage value) output during charging. This output voltage information is also acquired through communication with the vehicle-side control unit 51 and stored in the memory 24. Then, it is read and transmitted during communication with the management-side control unit 11.

  The charging current value storage area stores a charging current value in the current time zone (the maximum current value that can be supplied by each quick charger 20). This charging current value is determined by the centralized management device 10 according to the charging capacity, charging voltage value, and charging time of the driving battery 54. Therefore, it is received by communicating with the management-side control unit 11 and stored in the memory 24.

  In the required current value storage area, a current value for charging required by the electric vehicle 50 is stored. The information on the required current value is referred to when the driving battery 54 is charged by the quick charger 20. For example, when the required current value in the required current value storage area is larger than the charging current value in the charging current value storage area, the quick charge side control unit 21 charges the drive battery 54 with the charging current value. On the other hand, when the requested current value is smaller than the charging current value, the quick charge side control unit 21 charges the driving battery 54 with the requested current value.

  Next, the ordinary charger 30 will be described. The ordinary charger 30 is a device for charging the driving battery 54 by supplying a single-phase alternating current to an in-vehicle charger 53 (attached charger) attached to the driving battery 54. For example, as shown in FIG. The normal charging side control unit 31 and the switch 32 are provided.

  The normal charging side control unit 31 is a central part of control in the normal charger 30, and as shown in FIG. 11A, a control unit main body 35 having a CPU 33 and a memory 34, and a communication interface 36 are provided. Have. The control unit main body 35 and the communication interface 36 are configured in the same manner as described in the management-side control unit 11 and the like.

  The switch 32 is a part that performs supply control of single-phase alternating current. The opening / closing operation of the switch 32 is controlled by the normal charging side control unit 31, and the switch 32 is closed over a unit charging time corresponding to the unit charging operation to supply single-phase alternating current to the in-vehicle charger 43. And it returns to an open state after progress of unit charge time. The normal charging side control unit 31 controls the opening / closing operation of the switch 32 based on the operation instruction signal from the management side control unit 11.

  Next, the memory 34 of the control unit main body 35 will be described. As shown in FIG. 11B, a partial area of the memory 34 is used as a program storage area and an identification information storage area. A program read and executed by the CPU 33 is stored in the program storage area, and unique identification information indicating the normal charger 30 is stored in the identification information storage area.

  Next, the electric vehicle 50 will be described. As shown in FIG. 12, the electric vehicle 50 includes a vehicle-side controller 51, a normal charging inlet 52A, a quick charging inlet 52B, an in-vehicle charger 53, a driving battery 54, an auxiliary battery 55, An inverter 56, a drive motor 57, and a transmission 58 are included. In FIG. 12, a thick line indicates a power supply line, and a thin line indicates a data or signal communication line.

  The vehicle-side control unit 51 is a central part of control in the electric vehicle 50, and includes a control unit main body 73 having a CPU 71 and a memory 72, and a communication interface 74, as shown in FIG. ing. The control unit main body 73 and the communication interface 74 are configured in the same manner as described in the management-side control unit 11 and the like.

  The normal charging inlet 52A is a portion to which the charging plug PG1 of the normal charger 30 is connected, and the quick charging inlet 52B is a portion to which the charging plug PG2 of the quick charger 20 is connected. The charging inlets 52A and 52B are different in that the normal charging inlet 52A is supplied with a single-phase alternating current from the normal charger 30, whereas the quick charging inlet 52B is supplied with a direct current from the quick charger 20. doing. Further, the normal charging inlet 52A is not connected to the vehicle-side control unit 51 via a communication line, whereas the quick charging inlet 52B is connected to the vehicle-side control unit 51 via a communication line. Thereby, the vehicle side control part 51 and the quick charge side control part 21 are connected in a communicable state via the charging plug PG2 and the charging cable.

  A drive battery 54 and an auxiliary battery 55 are connected to the in-vehicle charger 53. The in-vehicle charger 53 charges the driving battery 54 and the auxiliary battery 55 with the supplied single-phase alternating current. For this reason, the on-vehicle charger 53 corresponds to an attached charger attached to the driving battery 54. The drive battery 54 is a part that stores direct-current power for operating the drive motor 57. The auxiliary battery 55 is a part that stores DC power for operating instruments such as the vehicle-side control unit 51.

  When charging each battery, the in-vehicle charger 53 also performs control related to charging such as adjustment of the charging voltage and termination of charging. The drive battery 54 and the auxiliary battery 55 are different in the voltage of the DC power to be stored. For this reason, the in-vehicle charger 53 is provided with a DC / DC converter circuit (not shown), and is configured to be charged with a suitable voltage.

  The inverter 56 is a power converter that generates AC power from DC power stored in the drive battery 54. The inverter 56 outputs AC power whose frequency is adjusted in accordance with a control signal from the vehicle-side control unit 51. The AC power generated by the inverter 56 is supplied to the drive motor 57. Therefore, the rotational speed of the drive motor 57 is controlled according to the control signal from the vehicle side control unit 51.

  The drive motor 57 is a part serving as a drive source for rotating the tire TR. That is, the rotational shaft of the drive motor 57 is connected to the transmission 58, and the rotational force from the drive motor 57 is appropriately decelerated and transmitted to the axle DF. Since the tire TR is attached to the end of the axle DF, the tire TR is rotated by the rotation of the drive motor 57.

  As shown in FIG. 13B, a partial area of the memory 72 included in the control unit main body 73 is a program storage area, a total capacity storage area, a remaining capacity storage area, a required current value storage area, and a remaining charge time storage area. It is used. Since information stored in each area has been described above, description thereof is omitted here.

  Next, the operation in this charging system will be described. FIG. 14 is a main flowchart for explaining the charging operation of the electric vehicle 50 by this charging system. In the flowchart of FIG. 14 and the flowcharts of FIGS. 15 and 16 to be described later, “QC” and “NC” are described. “QC” indicates the quick charger 20 and “NC” indicates normal charging. Each of the containers 30 is meant.

  In this charging system, first, it is determined whether or not the chargers 20 and 30 that perform the charging operation are selected (S101). That is, the management-side control unit 11 determines whether or not the user has selected the chargers 20 and 30 for the input unit 12a. When the chargers 20 and 30 are selected, it is determined whether the chargers 20 and 30 are the quick charger 20 or the normal charger 30 (S102). In the example of FIG. 4, when the button image of the selectable quick charger A or quick charger B is touched, and then the OK button image is touched, the management-side control unit 11 determines the touched one. Recognizing that the quick charger 20 has been selected.

  When the quick charger 20 is selected in step S102, the operation of all the chargers 20 and 30 is stopped (S104). On the other hand, when the normal charger 30 is selected in step S102, it is determined whether or not there is a quick charger 20 that is in a charging operation (S103). The process proceeds to S104 and the operations of all the chargers 20 and 30 are stopped. If there is no quick charger 20 during the charging operation, the process proceeds to step S105 and the operations of all the chargers 20 and 30 are stopped.

  If the operation of all the chargers is stopped in step S104, a temporary determination process of charge control for the quick charger 20 is performed (S106). In this tentative determination process, the management-side control unit 11 acquires necessary information such as a desired charge amount (desired charge amount desired by the user) and a desired charge completion time (desired charge time desired by the user). To obtain the minimum power necessary for charging the drive battery 54 to be charged (corresponding to the first storage battery) at the desired charge completion time, and the obtained minimum power for each drive battery 54 for each time zone. Summing up and tentatively determining the charge control pattern when the power is below the upper limit power. The temporary determination process for the charging control will be described in detail later.

  If the quick charge control provisional determination process in step S106 is completed, it is determined whether or not the charge request from the user can be achieved (S107). That is, it is determined whether or not charging is completed within the charging completion time desired by the user. If the charging request cannot be achieved, a notification to that effect is given (S108). This notification is performed by, for example, displaying on the input display 12 that the charging request cannot be achieved. When the request for charging can be achieved, the notification is performed in a result notification process (S117, described later).

  If it is determined in step S107 that the charging request can be achieved, or if it is notified in step S108 that the charging request has not been achieved, the presence / absence of the normal charger 30 to be charged is subsequently determined. (S109). If it is determined that there is a normal charger 30 to be operated, or if the operation of all the chargers is stopped in the process of step S105, a temporary determination process for charging control for the normal charger 30 is performed. (S110). If it is determined in step S109 that there is no normal charger 30 to be operated, the process proceeds to step 113 (described later).

  In the temporary determination process (S110) of the charging control for the ordinary charger 30, the management-side control unit 11 drives the charging current flowing from the commercial system 60 into the ordinary charger 30, the input voltage input to the ordinary charger 30, and the drive. From the desired charge amount and desired charge completion time for the battery 54, the individual power, unit charge time, and expected charge completion time (required for charging the unit charge amount for the drive battery 54 (corresponding to the second storage battery)) ( Remaining charging time). In addition, the management-side control unit 11 obtains a total value of the individual powers obtained by summing the individual power necessary for one unit charging operation for the driving battery 54 by the number of the driving batteries 54 to be charged in time series.

  When the total sum of the individual power and the sum of the minimum power calculated in step S106 is equal to or lower than the upper limit power in the corresponding time zone, supply of single-phase alternating current from the normal charger 30 is permitted. The content of the charging control is determined as described. The determined charge control content is stored in the control pattern storage area of the memory 14 as a charge control pattern. The temporary determination process for the charging control will be described later in detail.

  When the normal charging control provisional determination process in step S110 is completed, it is determined whether or not the charging request from the user can be achieved (S111), as in the process related to the quick charger 20. If the charge request cannot be achieved, a notification to that effect is given (S112). This notification is performed by, for example, displaying on the input display 12 that the charging request cannot be achieved. If the request for charging can be achieved, similar to the process related to the quick charger 20, the result is notified in the result notification process in step S117.

  If the control for the quick charge and the normal charge is provisionally determined (S106, S110), it is determined whether or not there is a time zone with sufficient power (S113). In this process, the management-side control unit 11 calculates a total sum of the total value of the minimum power (S106) and the total value of the individual power (S110) for each time zone, and in the time zone corresponding to this total sum. When the power is lower than the upper limit power, it is determined that there is a power margin time zone. On the other hand, if the total sum is the same value as the upper limit power in all time zones, it is determined that there is no power margin time zone.

  If there is a power margin time zone, quick charge control adjustment processing is performed (S114). This adjustment process is a process for distributing the power in the rear time zone to a time zone where there is a margin in power, and shortening the entire charging time by that amount. If the quick charge control adjustment process is performed, the normal charge control adjustment process is performed (S115). This adjustment process is a process of resetting the control pattern of the normal charging process (unit charging process) in the shortened time zone as the charging time by the quick charger 20 is shortened. Note that the adjustment processing in steps S114 and S115 will be described in detail based on a specific example.

  If it is determined in step S113 that there is no power margin time zone, or if the above-described adjustment processing (S114, S115) is performed, the process proceeds to step S116 and the charge control pattern is determined. Then, a result notification process based on the determined charge control pattern is performed (S117). In this result notification processing, for example, the expected time for completion of charging is displayed on the input display 12.

  If the notification process is performed, the charging process is performed (S118). In this charging process, the management side control unit 11 transmits information on the charge control pattern to the quick charge side control unit 21 of the quick charger 20. Then, the quick charge side control unit 21 charges the drive battery 54 in accordance with the received charge control pattern. Here, information indicating the maximum current value in the time zone is used as the charge control pattern. For this reason, the management-side control unit 11 calculates the maximum current value that can be used for charging based on the charging power in the current time zone, and transmits the maximum current value to each quick charger 20. In each quick charger 20, the charging current value according to the required current from the electric vehicle 50 flows into the driving battery 54 with the charging current value as a maximum value. For this reason, the quick charging side control unit 21 stores the charging current value in the current time zone in the charging current storage area of the memory 24, and uses the requested current value transmitted from the vehicle side control unit 51 as the requested current value of the memory 24. The storage battery stores the charge current value and the required current value, and the drive battery 54 is charged with a smaller current.

  In addition, the management-side control unit 11 transmits, for example, instruction information for operating the switch 32 to the normal charger 30 (charging-side control unit 31) to be operated in accordance with the determined charging control pattern. To do. The normal charger 30 supplies single-phase alternating current to the in-vehicle charger 53 by closing the switch 32 over the unit charging time based on the received instruction information. The in-vehicle charger 53 charges the drive battery 54 over a period during which the single-phase alternating current is supplied.

  This charging process is continued until charging of all the drive batteries 54 is completed (S119). Until the new chargers 20 and 30 are selected, charging is performed with the determined charging control pattern (S120). On the other hand, when new chargers 20 and 30 are additionally selected, the process returns to step S102 and the processing after the charger type determination is repeated. When charging of all the drive batteries 54 is completed (S119), the process returns to step S101 and waits until new chargers 20 and 30 are selected.

  Next, details of the quick charge control determination process (S106) by the management-side control unit 11 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.

  In this quick charge control determination process, vehicle information is first taken in (S201). The vehicle information here is information on the total charge capacity and remaining capacity of the drive battery 54, and the like. Then, the management-side control unit 11 stores the fetched information in the memory 14.

  If vehicle information is acquired, the management side control part 11 waits for the input of desired charge amount and desired charge completion time (S202, S203). FIG. 5A illustrates a case where the remaining charge capacity of the driving battery 44 is about 50%. In this case, button images with a desired charge amount of 20% or more and 40% or more are displayed in a non-selectable manner because the remaining charge capacity is larger. On the other hand, button images with a desired charge amount of 60% or more and 80% or more are displayed in a selectable manner because they are larger than the remaining charge capacity. When the button image of 60% or more or 80% or more that can be selected is touched and then the OK button image is touched, the management-side control unit 11 selects the touched desired charge amount. Recognize In the example of FIG. 6A, when the button image within 1.5 hours or 2 hours that can be selected is touched and then the OK button image is touched, the management-side control unit 11 touches the button. It is recognized that the time of the selected button image has been selected as the desired charging completion time.

  Next, the fastest charger 20 with the highest priority is selected (S204). In the present embodiment, the quick charger 20 selected earliest in the above-described charger selection process (S101) is selected as the fast charger 20 with the highest priority. The second and subsequent priorities are also determined in the order of selection. That is, the higher priority is set in the order added in the determination process (S120) of the additional quick charger 20. Information on these priorities is stored in a memory 14 included in the management-side control unit 11.

  Next, an expected total charge amount is calculated for the selected quick charger 20 (S205). In the present embodiment, the expected total charge amount is calculated by the following equation (1).

  Expected total charge amount = total battery charge capacity x desired charge amount (%)-remaining battery capacity (1)

  If the expected total charge amount is calculated, a minimum continuous charge current value (hereinafter referred to as a minimum charge current value) corresponding to the desired charge completion time is calculated (S206). This minimum charging current value means the minimum value of the charging current value required to complete charging in the desired charging completion time, and is calculated by the following equation (2). In Equation (2), the output voltage value is the value of the charging voltage for the driving battery 54 and is read from the memory 14 of the management-side control unit 11.

  Minimum charge current value = Expected total charge amount / (Output voltage value x Desired charge completion time) (2)

  Next, the primary side minimum charging power corresponding to the minimum charging current value, that is, the minimum value of the power continuously supplied from the commercial system 60 during charging is calculated (S207). This minimum charging power is calculated by the following equation (3). For convenience, in the following description, the primary side charging power corresponding to the minimum charging current value is referred to as primary side minimum charging power.

  Primary side minimum charging power = Minimum charging current value × Output voltage value ÷ AC / DC conversion efficiency (3)

  Next, the calculated primary side minimum charging power is provisionally set in a time zone (scheduled charging time zone) in which charging is scheduled (S208). Here, the temporary setting means that the primary side minimum charging power is integrated in the scheduled charging time zone. For example, in the case of the first quick charger 20, the power up to that point is 0 W, so the primary side minimum charging power is provisionally set over the scheduled charging time zone. In the case of the second quick charger 20, the primary side minimum of the first quick charger 20 in the time zone in which both the first quick charger 20 and the second quick charger 20 are charged. The primary side minimum charging power of the second quick charger 20 is added to the charging power. In addition, for the time zone in which only the second quick charger 20 is charged, the primary minimum charging power of the second quick charger 20 is temporarily set.

  Next, a determination is made as to whether or not the temporarily set primary-side minimum charging power exceeds the constraint conditions over all time periods (S209). This determination is made by comparing the temporarily set primary-side minimum charging power and the upper limit power (upper limit of power that can be used by the chargers 20 and 30) determined for each time zone for each time zone. Then, it is determined that the temporarily set minimum primary charging power exceeds the upper limit power over all the time zones, and is determined to exceed the constraint conditions. Is determined not to exceed.

  If it is determined that the constraint condition is exceeded, the charging request cannot be achieved (S210), and the process returns from the charging control determination process to the main flowchart. In this case, in the notification process (S108), the user is notified that the charge request cannot be achieved. Then, charging is continuously performed after the desired charging completion time under the set conditions.

  On the other hand, if it is determined that the constraint condition is not exceeded, it is determined whether the constraint condition is satisfied in all time zones (S211). Here, when it is determined that the constraint condition is exceeded in a part of the time zone, the charging power in the excess time zone (the integrated value of the primary side minimum charging power) is corrected to the upper limit power (S212). Then, it is determined whether or not there is a time zone with sufficient power (S213). If there is a time zone with sufficient power, the excess charging power is distributed to the time zone (S214). Further, if there is no time zone with sufficient power, the charging request cannot be achieved (S210), and the process returns from the quick charging control determination process to the main flowchart.

  If it is determined in step S211 that the constraint conditions are satisfied in all time zones, the charge control pattern is provisionally determined as the charge pattern of the quick charger 20. Next, it is determined whether or not the charge control pattern of the drive battery 54 has been provisionally determined for all the quick chargers 20 that are requested to be charged (S215). Here, if there is a quick charger 20 for which the charge control pattern has not been provisionally determined, the fast charger 20 having the highest priority among them is selected (S216), and the processing from step S205 is executed. Repeat. The quick charge control determination process will be described with a specific example.

  Next, with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 16, the details of the normal charging control provisional determination process (S110) by the management-side control unit 11 will be described.

  In this normal charging control provisional determination process, vehicle information is first taken in (S301). This process is performed by allowing the user to select a vehicle type for the electric vehicle 50 to be charged. For example, as shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, a vehicle type is selected from a combination of a manufacturer name and a vehicle name. If a vehicle type is selected, the management side control part 11 will call the vehicle information of the selected vehicle type from a vehicle type database, and will memorize | store it in a corresponding storage area. As a result, information on the total charge capacity of the drive battery 54, the primary current value supplied to the in-vehicle charger 53, and the like are called and stored in the storage area for storing the respective information.

  If the vehicle information is captured, the management-side control unit 11 waits for input of the remaining capacity, the desired charge amount, and the desired charge completion time (S302 to S304).

  In the example of FIG. 9, a button image indicating the remaining battery level (remaining battery capacity) of five selectable levels (about 0%, about 20%, about 40%, about 60%, about 80%) is displayed. When any one button image is touched and then the OK button image is touched, the management-side control unit 11 recognizes that the touched battery remaining amount is selected.

  In the example of FIG. 5B, a button image indicating the desired charge amount of three levels (60% or more, 80% or more, 100%) that can be selected from among the five levels is displayed. When the image is touched and then the OK button image is touched, the management-side control unit 11 recognizes that the touched desired charge amount has been selected.

  In the example of FIG. 6B, the button image indicating the desired charging completion time of 3 selectable levels (within 4 hours, within 8 hours, within 12 hours) among the 5 levels is displayed. When any one button image is touched and then an OK button image is touched, the management-side control unit 11 recognizes that the desired charging completion time touched is selected.

  If the necessary information is input, the normal charger 30 that is temporarily determined for the charge control pattern is selected (S305). Here, when the identification number is composed of alphabets, the smallest one in alphabetical order is selected, and when the identification number is composed of order numbers, the one with the smallest number is selected. .

  Next, an expected total charge amount is calculated for the selected normal charger 30 (S306). In the present embodiment, the expected total charge amount is calculated by the following equation (4). In Equation (4), the desired charge amount and the remaining battery capacity are both in percent units.

  Expected total charge amount = battery total charge capacity × (desired charge amount−battery remaining capacity) (4)

  If the expected total charge amount is calculated, the charging power on the primary side is calculated (S307). In this embodiment, this charging power is calculated by the following equation (5). In equation (5), the charging current is the value of the charging current of the commercial system 60 supplied to the in-vehicle charger 53, and the input voltage is the voltage value of the single-phase AC input to the in-vehicle charger 53. .

  Charging power = charging current x input voltage x power factor (5)

  If the charging power on the primary side is calculated, the expected charging completion time is calculated (S308). In the present embodiment, this estimated charge completion time is calculated by the following equation (6). In Equation (6), the charging voltage value is a single-phase AC voltage value. Therefore, in this process, the single-phase AC voltage value is read from the memory 14 (second voltage value storage area) of the management-side control unit 11.

  Expected charge completion time = expected total charge ÷ AC / DC conversion efficiency ÷ charge power (6)

  Next, a unit charging time (one cycle charging interval) is calculated (S309). In the present embodiment, this unit charging time is calculated by the following equation (7) and indicates the charging time in one cycle of cyclic charging. In Equation (7), the reference cyclic charging time is a reference charging time in one cycle of cyclic charging, and can be set to an arbitrary time by the administrator of the charging system. The reference charging power is power charged in one cycle of cyclic charging, and can be set to an arbitrary value by the administrator of the charging system. These reference cyclic charging time and reference charging current value are determined in order to equalize the amount of charge charged in the drive battery 54 in one cycle of cyclic charging.

  Unit charging time = reference cyclic charging time x reference charging power ÷ charging power (7)

  Next, the charge urgency is calculated (S310). As described above, the charge urgency is an index for determining the priority of charge, and is calculated by the following equation (8) in the present embodiment. That is, as the urgency of charging increases, it means that charging must be performed for a time longer than the user's desired charging completion time.

  Charge urgency = Expected charge completion time ÷ Desired charge completion time (8)

  If the charge urgency level has been calculated, it is determined whether or not each calculation process from step S306 to S310 has been performed on all target ordinary chargers 30 (S311). Here, if there is a normal charger 30 that has not been subjected to calculation processing, the normal charger 30 with the youngest identification information is selected (S312), and each calculation processing for this normal charger 30 (S306-). S310) is performed.

  On the other hand, when each calculation process is performed for all the ordinary chargers 30, the priority order of the ordinary chargers 30 is rearranged in descending order of charge urgency (S313). This process is performed based on the charge urgency calculated in step S310.

  Next, the target cross section is set (S314). Here, the cross section is a control switching time point in the charge control pattern, and corresponds to a determination timing as to whether or not the power that can be used for charging in each ordinary charger 30 exceeds the upper limit power. As this section, there are a start time and an end time of the unit charging operation performed by the normal charger 30. In addition, the boundary between time zones that define the upper limit power also corresponds to the cross section. Therefore, the start point of charging is the first cross section. For this reason, when the process proceeds from step S313, the charging start point (time t0 in the specific example) is set as the target cross section.

  If the target cross section is set, it is determined whether or not the constraint condition in the target cross section is satisfied (S315). Here, the power (individual power) at the time of charging is integrated in descending order of priority (charging urgency). And when the sum of the individual electric power with respect to all the chargers 20 and 30 is below the upper limit electric power in an object cross section, it is judged that a constraint condition is satisfied.

  Here, when the constraint condition is satisfied, the charge control pattern in the cross section is provisionally determined (S317). On the other hand, if the constraint condition is not satisfied, the normal charger 30 having a low priority and the normal charger 30 having a high unit charge count (cyclic charge count) are set in the standby state in order (S316). By making the total equal to or less than the upper limit power in the target cross section, the charge control pattern in the cross section is provisionally determined.

  If the charge control pattern for the target cross section is provisionally determined in this way, it is determined whether or not the charge control pattern is provisionally determined for all target cross sections (S318). If there is a cross section for which the charge control pattern is not determined, the cross section is set as the target cross section (S314), and the above-described processing is repeated (S315 to S317).

  In this setting process, the management-side control unit 11 sets the normal charger 30 in a standby state at the end of one cycle of charging (unit charging) by the normal charger 30. In addition, for the normal charger 30 having a unit charge count larger than that of the other normal chargers 30, the priority order is temporarily set low. By performing such a setting, a problem that the specific drive battery 54 is continuously charged is suppressed. This setting process will be described based on a specific example.

  If the charge control pattern is determined for all the cross sections (S318), it is determined whether or not the charging request is satisfied for all the normal chargers 30 (S319). Here, if the desired charge amount can be charged within the desired time, it is determined that the charge request is satisfied. On the other hand, if the desired time is exceeded when charging the desired charge amount, it is determined that the charge request is not satisfied.

  If it is determined that the charging request is satisfied, notification data indicating that the request is expected to be achieved is created (S320). This notification data is notified by the result notification in step S117. On the other hand, if it is determined that the charging request is not satisfied, notification data indicating that the request is not achieved is created (S321). This notification data is notified in the notification process in step S112. If these notification data creation processes are performed, the normal charge control provisional determination process (S110) is terminated and the process returns to the main flowchart.

  Next, the above charge control determination process will be described in detail based on the specific examples of FIGS. 17 (a) to 20 (b). In these figures, the horizontal axis is time, and the vertical axis is power. Moreover, the dotted line drawn in the step shape is the upper limit power for each time zone (power on the commercial system 60 side that can be used by the entire chargers 20 and 30). In this specific example, four time zones including time t0-t1, time t1-t2, time t2-t3, and time t3- are depicted.

  Further, in this specific example, charging is performed by two quick chargers 20 and three ordinary chargers 30, and the charging amount by each quick charger 20 is shown with reference numerals QC 1 and QC 2. The amount of charge by the charger 30 is shown with reference numerals NC1 to NC3. Here, with respect to the charge amounts QC1 and QC2 and the charge amounts NC1 to NC3, young order numbers are given in descending order of priority.

  In addition, regarding the rectangular figure which shows charge amount of charge amount NC1-NC3, an area (charge amount) is equal and an aspect ratio is different. This is because the charge amounts NC1 to NC3 for one cycle are aligned from the viewpoint of charging the drive batteries 54 equally. That is, the in-vehicle charger 53 of each electric vehicle 50 is set with a unique charging current value. Depending on the charging current value, the size of the vertical axis in the rectangular figure (charging power from the commercial system 60) is determined. For this reason, when the charge amount of 1 cycle is prepared, if the charge current value is relatively large, the charge operation of 1 cycle (unit charge operation) is completed in a relatively short time, and the charge current value is relatively small. The unit charging operation takes a relatively long time. Therefore, the normal charger 30 connected to the in-vehicle charger 53 having a relatively large charging current value has a vertically long rectangular figure, and the normal charging connected to the in-vehicle charger 53 having a relatively small charging current value. The container 30 becomes a horizontally long rectangular figure.

  Hereinafter, the procedure for determining the charge control pattern will be described. First, the upper limit power will be described. As shown in FIG. 17A, the upper limit power is set to a level indicated by reference sign P1 in a period from time t0 indicating the current time to time t1 thereafter. The upper limit power up to time t1-t2 is set to a level indicated by reference sign P2, and the upper limit power up to time t2-t3 is set to a level indicated by reference sign P3. The upper limit power P2 is set to a value lower than the upper limit power P1. The upper limit power P3 is set to a value lower than the upper limit power P1 and higher than the upper limit power P2.

  In this specific example, as shown in FIG. 17B, the minimum charge power p1 corresponding to the desired charge completion time (t0-t3) is calculated for the first quick charger 20 (drive battery 54). Temporarily set (S204-S208). Since the minimum charge power p1 is lower than the upper limit power P2, it is assumed that the constraint condition is satisfied in all time zones (S211), and the process proceeds to the process for the second quick charger 20 (S215, S216).

  As shown in FIG. 17C, regarding the second quick charger 20, the minimum charging power p2 corresponding to the desired charging completion time (t0-t3) is calculated and temporarily set (S205-S208). Here, in the second period (t1-t2), the total power (p1 + p2) exceeds the upper limit power P2 (S211). For this reason, as shown in the figure, the excess power in the second period is subtracted (S212), and the excess power is distributed to the preceding and succeeding periods (t0-t1, t2-t3) ( S213, S214). Thereby, the electric power in these periods is increased from the value p2 to the value p2a.

  Thus, the charging control for the two quick chargers 20 is provisionally determined (S215). For this reason, the process proceeds to a temporary determination process of charge control related to the ordinary charger 30.

  As shown in FIG. 18 (a), the management-side control device integrates the charging power in a range not exceeding the total upper limit value in order from the charging amount NC1 having the highest priority with time t0 as the starting point (starting cross section). In this example, since the upper limit power P1 is set in the time zone t0-t1, the remaining power obtained by subtracting the total charging power (p1 + p2a) of the quick charger 20 from the upper limit power P1 is charged by the ordinary charger 30. Allocated. In other words, the unit charging operation of the normal charger 30 is performed within a range in which the total sum of the charging power of the quick charger 20 and the individual power of the normal charger 30 does not exceed the upper limit power of the corresponding time zone. Is recognized.

  In the example of FIG. 18A, even if the unit charging operation by the three ordinary chargers 30 is performed, the total amount of charging power is less than the upper limit power P1. For this reason, the three ordinary chargers 30 are provisionally determined as charging targets for the start cross section (S315, S317). Among these normal chargers 30, the one that completes one cycle of charging first is the second normal charger 30 having a charge amount NC <b> 2. For this reason, time t0a which is the charge completion time of charge amount NC2 is set to the next cross section (S314).

  Next, as shown in FIG. 18B, the charge control pattern at time t0a, which is the next cross section, is provisionally determined. Here, the priority order of the second ordinary charger 30 that has finished the unit charging operation at time t0a is the lowest priority, but charging control is performed so that the second unit charging operation is continued because there is a margin in charging power. A pattern is provisionally determined (S315, S317). And time t0b which is the charge completion time of charge amount NC2 is set to the next cross section (S315). The same processing is performed at this time t0b, and as shown in FIG. 18C, the charge control pattern is provisionally determined so that the third unit charging operation is continuously performed for the second ordinary charger 30 (S315). , S317). Then, the time t0c, which is the charging completion time of the charge amount NC3, is set to the next cross section (S315).

  As shown in FIG. 19A, the priority of the third ordinary charger 30 is set higher than that of the second ordinary charger 30 at time t0c. This is because the number of unit charges of the third ordinary charger 30 is smaller than the number of unit charges of the second ordinary charger 30 (S316). As shown in FIG. 19B, at time t0d, the unit charging operation in the first ordinary charger 30 ends, but the priority order is higher than that of the second ordinary charger 30 and the third ordinary charger 30. Is also set high. This is also because the number of unit charges of the first ordinary charger 30 is less than the number of unit charges of the second ordinary charger 30 and the third ordinary charger 30 (S316).

  As shown in FIG. 19B, the upper limit power P2 is switched at time t1. And in the time slot | zone t1-t2, the two quick chargers 20 have used up the upper limit electric power P2. For this reason, the normal charger 30 is not charged in the time zone t1-t2.

  And as shown in FIG.19 (c), charge of the normal charger 30 is restarted in the time slot | zone t2-t3. In this case, the first ordinary charger 30 that has finished the second unit charging operation at time t1 has the highest unit priority because it has the smallest number of unit charges. And the 3rd normal charger 30 is set to the next priority. At this time, the unit charging operation that was in the middle of charging at time t1 is resumed from time t2. Here, regarding the second ordinary charger 30 having the lowest priority, if the ordinary charger 30 is charged, the upper limit power P3 in the time period t2-t3 is exceeded. Therefore, the second ordinary charger 30 is set in a standby state with a lower priority until the number of unit charging operations of the first ordinary charger 30 and the third ordinary charger 30 catches up (S316). .

  Thereafter, by repeating the same procedure, the charge control pattern for all sections is provisionally determined (S314-S318).

  If charge control is provisionally determined for all of the quick charger 20 and the normal charger 30, adjustment processing for the charge control pattern is performed (S113 to S116). 20A and 20B are diagrams for schematically explaining the adjustment process. In these drawings, the sandy area indicated by the symbol NC indicates the amount of charge that can be used for the unit charging operation by the ordinary charger 30.

  When the charge control pattern in the quick charger 20 and the normal charger 30 is provisionally determined, it is determined whether or not there is a time zone with sufficient power (S113). In the specific example shown in FIG. 20A, it is determined that there is a power margin in the time zone t0-t1 and the time zone t2-t3. Therefore, the management-side control device adjusts the charge control pattern so as to increase the charging power of the quick charger 20 in the spare time zone and shorten the charging time by the quick charger 20 by that amount (S114). .

  In FIG. 20A, the charging power of the quick charger 20 can be increased by the difference between the upper limit power P1 and the total sum of the charging power (power p1 + p2a + p3) in the time zone t0-t1. Therefore, the charging power p1 and the charging power p2a are increased so that the total amount of charging power becomes the upper limit power P1. In this case, the increase amount of each charging power p1, p2a is determined so that the ratio of charging power p1 and charging power p2a may become the same. As a result, as shown in FIG. 20B, in the time zone t0-t1, the total sum of the charging power (charging power p1 ′ + p2a ′ + p3) becomes equal to the upper limit power P1, and can be used for charging in this time zone. The upper limit can be set.

  Similarly, in the time period t2-t3, the charging power can be increased by the difference between the upper limit power P3 and the total of the charging power (charging power p1 + p2a + p4). Therefore, the charging power p1 and the charging power p2a are increased so that the total amount of charging power becomes the upper limit power P3. Also in this case, the increase amount of each current value is determined by the ratio of the charging power p1 and the charging power p2a. Further, since the charging power is increased, the charging time is shortened accordingly. As a result, as shown in FIG. 20 (b), in the time zone t2-t2a, the total sum of charging power (charging power p1 ″ + p2a ″ + p4) becomes equal to the upper limit power P3 and can be used for charging in this time zone. The upper limit can be set.

  Furthermore, since charging of each quick charger 20 is completed at time t2a, the time zone after time t2a can be used exclusively for charging by the ordinary charger 30. Therefore, the management-side control device rearranges the charge control pattern of each ordinary charger 30 after time t2a (S115). That is, the time t2a is set as a new section, and the charging control pattern by the three ordinary chargers 30 is rewritten.

  As described above, in the charging system of the present embodiment, the upper limit power for each time zone that can be used by each of the chargers 20 and 30 is stored in the upper limit power storage area of the memory 14 and does not exceed this upper limit power. As described above, the charging condition of the driving battery 54 (first storage battery) by the quick charger 20 and the charging condition of the driving battery 54 (second storage battery) by the ordinary charger 30 are determined. Considerable efficient charge control can be performed.

  Moreover, the management side control part 11 (1st charge permission part) has the charge power of a surplus in the electric power in excess when there is a time slot when the sum of the minimum charge power about the quick charger 20 exceeds the upper limit power. Since it is allocated in some other time zone, a larger number of driving batteries 54 can be charged.

  Further, the management-side control unit 11 (first charging permission unit) is less than the upper limit power with respect to the total sum of the minimum charging power for the quick charger 20 and the individual charging power for the normal charger 30. When the charging time for the driving battery 54 to be charged is increased, the charging power of the quick charger 20 in the time zone is increased within a range where the total charging power is equal to or lower than the upper limit power. It can be shortened.

  When there is a request for charging a plurality of quick chargers 20, the first priority for each quick charger 20 is stored in the first priority storage area of the memory 14 in the order of request, and the control unit on the management side 11 (first charging permission unit) prioritizes charging of the driving battery 54 by the quick charger 20 having a high first priority over charging of the driving battery 54 by the quick charger 20 having a low first priority. Therefore, the drive battery 54 charged by the quick charger 20 that has been previously requested for charging is preferentially charged, thereby ensuring fairness.

  Further, the maximum current value information indicating the maximum current value in the time zone is individually transmitted to the quick charger 20 in which charging of the driving battery 54 is permitted by the management-side control unit 11 (first charging permission unit). Therefore, the quick charger 20 can charge the driving battery 54 within the range of the received maximum current value information, and the quick charging can be performed under conditions suitable for the state of the quick charger 20 and the driving battery 54. Yes.

  When there is a request for charging a plurality of ordinary chargers 30, the second priority for each ordinary charger 30 is stored in the second priority storage area of the memory 14, and the management-side control unit 11 (second charge The permitting unit) accumulates the individual charging power in the order of the second priority, sets the last normal charger 30 when the total charging power exceeds the upper limit power to the standby state, and normal charging before that. Since the charger 30 is configured to permit supply of single-phase alternating current, the driving battery 54 is preferentially charged by the high-priority normal charger 30, and charging that reflects the user's request Control can be realized.

  In addition, a unit charge number counter that stores the number of unit charge operations (the number of charge of unit charge amount) for the drive battery 54 for each normal charger 30 is provided in the memory 14, and the drive with a relatively small number of unit charges is provided. When the battery 54 for driving and the driving battery 54 having a relatively large number are mixed, the driving battery 54 having a relatively small unit charging frequency is charged in preference to the driving battery 54 having a relatively large unit charging frequency. As described above, since the priority order is changed by the management-side control unit 11 (second charging permission unit), it is possible to suppress a problem that the specific driving battery 54 is continuously charged.

  Further, in this embodiment, since the priority is set higher as the ratio of the expected charging completion time to the desired completion time is larger, the charge control pattern can be brought closer to the user's desire.

  The above description of the embodiment is for facilitating the understanding of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention. The present invention can be changed and improved without departing from the gist thereof, and the present invention includes equivalents thereof. For example, you may comprise as follows.

  Regarding the storage battery, the drive battery 54 mounted on the electric vehicle 50 has been described as an example, but the storage battery is not limited to this storage battery. For example, a power storage battery mounted on a construction heavy machine can be charged. Moreover, the storage battery for houses can be charged. That is, if the storage battery has a storage capacity equivalent to those of these storage batteries, can be transported by a vehicle, and can be charged by the quick charger 20 or the ordinary charger 30, it is charged by the exemplified charging system. It becomes.

  In the above-described embodiment, the case where the first storage battery charged by the quick charger 20 and the second storage battery charged by the normal charger 30 are both the drive battery 54 has been described. In this configuration, charging by the quick charger 20 and charging by the normal charger 30 can be selected for the driving battery 54. However, it is not limited to this configuration. That is, the first storage battery and the second storage battery may be different storage batteries.

  In addition, regarding the input of vehicle information, in the above-described embodiment, the vehicle type database is provided and necessary vehicle information is acquired based on the input from the input display 12, but the present invention is not limited to this form. . You may comprise so that a required item may be input separately through the input indicator 12. FIG. In addition, the charging current value may be obtained each time by applying a single-phase alternating current to the in-vehicle charger 53 for a specified time on a trial basis and acquiring the electric energy at that time.

  In the above-described embodiment, the charging system in which the quick charger 20 and the ordinary charger 30 are mixed has been described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this configuration. For example, a charging system having a plurality of quick chargers 20 can be configured in the same manner, and a charging system having a plurality of ordinary chargers 30 can be configured in the same manner. In the case of a charging system having a plurality of quick chargers 20, the processing related to the normal charger 30 may be skipped. In the case of the charging system having a plurality of normal chargers 30, the processing related to the quick charger 20 may be skipped. Good.

  Moreover, regarding the quick charger 20, an example in which a three-phase alternating current is supplied to the primary side is illustrated, but a single-phase alternating current may be supplied. In short, what is necessary is just to convert the alternating current from the commercial system 60 into a direct current and use it for charging.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Centralized management apparatus, 11 ... Management side control part, 12 ... Input indicator, 12a ... Input part, 12b ... Display part, 13 ... CPU, 14 ... Memory, 15 ... Control part main body, 16 ... Communication interface, 20 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS ... Quick charger, 21 ... Quick charge side control part, 22 ... Power supply part, 23 ... CPU, 24 ... Memory, 25 ... Control part main body, 26 ... Communication interface, 27 ... Power converter, 28 ... Gate control part, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 30 ... Normal charger, 31 ... Normal charge side control part, 32 ... Switch, 33 ... CPU, 34 ... Memory, 35 ... Control part main body, 36 ... Communication interface, 40 ... Other load, 50 ... Electric vehicle, 51 ... Vehicle-side control unit, 52A ... Normal charging inlet, 52B ... Quick charging inlet, 53 ... In-vehicle charger, 54 ... Drive battery, 55 ... Auxiliary battery, 56 ... Inverter, 7 ... driving motor, 58 ... Transmission, 60 ... commercial system, 61 ... power sensor, 62 ... low-voltage distribution unit, PG1 ... ordinary charger charging plug, PG2 ... charging plug of the fast charger, TR ... tire, DF ... axle

Claims (10)

By supplying a single-phase alternating current from the commercial system to a quick charger for rapidly charging the first storage battery by converting alternating current from the commercial system to direct current, and an auxiliary charger attached to the second storage battery A charge control device that communicates with an ordinary charger for charging two storage batteries and controls a charging operation by the quick charger and the ordinary charger;
An upper limit power storage unit that stores an upper limit power that can be supplied from the commercial system to the quick charger and the ordinary charger for each time zone; and
A desired charge amount storage unit for storing a desired charge amount for the first storage battery and the second storage battery;
A desired charge completion time storage unit for storing a desired charge completion time for the first storage battery and the second storage battery;
From the desired charge amount and the desired charge completion time, a minimum charge power acquisition unit that obtains the minimum power on the commercial system side necessary for charging the first storage battery at the desired charge completion time;
Individual power required for charging the second storage battery with a unit charge amount based on the charge current supplied to the auxiliary charger, the input voltage input to the auxiliary charger, the desired charge amount, and the desired charge completion time A unit charging condition acquisition unit for acquiring a unit charging time and a remaining charging time;
A first charge permission unit that sums the minimum power required for charging the first storage battery for each time period and permits charging of the first storage battery by the quick charger when the power is equal to or less than the upper limit power;
The total of the individual power necessary for charging the second storage battery is obtained in time series, and compared with the difference between the upper limit power and the total of the minimum power in the corresponding time zone, and the total of the individual power is the upper limit power And a second charge permission unit that permits the supply of the single-phase alternating current from the normal charger when the difference is less than or equal to the total of the minimum power.   The first charging permission unit, when there is a time zone in which the total of the minimum power exceeds the upper limit power, outputs the excess power in another time zone in which the total of the minimum power is less than the upper limit power. The charge control device according to claim 1, wherein the charge control device is assigned.   The first charging permission unit, when there is a time zone less than the upper limit power for the total sum of the minimum power and the total of the individual power, the power on the commercial system side in the time zone, 3. The charge control device according to claim 1, wherein the total power is increased from the minimum power within a range where the total power is equal to or less than the upper limit power. When there is a request for charging a plurality of the quick chargers, a first priority storage unit that stores a first priority for each of the quick chargers in the order of request,
The first charging permission unit performs charging of the first storage battery by the quick charger having the first priority higher than charging of the first storage battery by the quick charger having the first priority. The charge control device according to claim 1, wherein   An information transmission unit that individually transmits maximum current value information indicating a maximum current value in the time period to the quick charger in which charging of the first storage battery is permitted by the first charge permission unit. The charge control device according to any one of claims 1 to 4. A second priority storage unit that stores a second priority for each of the ordinary chargers when there is a request for charging from a plurality of the ordinary chargers;
The second charging permission unit accumulates the individual powers in descending order of the second priority stored in the second priority storage unit, and the last of the individual powers when the total power exceeds the upper limit power 6. The charge control device according to claim 1, wherein the normal charger is set in a standby state, and the supply of the single-phase alternating current is permitted for the normal charger before the normal charger. A unit charge number storage unit for storing the number of charge of the unit charge amount for the second storage battery for each of the ordinary chargers;
The second charging permission unit may be configured such that when the second storage battery having a relatively small number of times of charging and the second storage battery having a relatively large number are mixed, the second storage battery having a relatively small number of times of charging has the number of times of charging. The charging control device according to claim 6, wherein the second priority order is changed so that the charging is performed with priority over a relatively large number of second storage batteries.   The charging control device according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the second priority is set higher as a ratio of the expected charging completion time to the desired completion time is larger. A charge control device that communicates with a plurality of quick chargers that rapidly charge a storage battery by converting alternating current from a commercial system into direct current, and controls a charging operation by the quick charger,
An upper limit power storage unit that stores an upper limit power that can be supplied from the commercial system to the quick charger for each time zone; and
A desired charge amount storage unit for storing a desired charge amount for the storage battery;
A desired charge completion time storage unit for storing a desired charge completion time for the storage battery;
From the desired charge amount and the desired charge completion time, a minimum charge power acquisition unit for obtaining a minimum power on the commercial system side necessary for charging the storage battery at the desired charge completion time;
A quick charge permission unit that sums the minimum power required for charging the storage battery for each time period and permits charging of the storage battery by the quick charger when the power is equal to or lower than the upper limit power. Charging control device. A charging control device that communicates with a plurality of ordinary chargers for charging the storage battery by supplying a single-phase alternating current from a commercial system to an attached charger attached to the storage battery, and controls a charging operation by the ordinary charger. There,
An upper limit power storage unit that stores an upper limit power that can be supplied from the commercial system to the ordinary charger for each time zone;
A desired charge amount storage unit for storing a desired charge amount for the storage battery;
A desired charge completion time storage unit for storing a desired charge completion time for the storage battery;
From the charging current supplied to the auxiliary charger, the input voltage input to the auxiliary charger, the desired charge amount, and the desired charge completion time, the individual power necessary for charging the unit battery with the unit charge amount, the unit A unit charging condition acquisition unit for acquiring the charging time and the remaining charging time; and
The total of the individual power required for charging the storage battery is obtained in time series, compared with the upper limit power in the corresponding time zone, and when the total of the individual power is less than or equal to the upper limit power, from the normal charger A charge control apparatus comprising: a second charge permission unit that permits supply of the single-phase alternating current.

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