JP2012253952A - Fast charger, fast charging apparatus and fast charging method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce a maximum value of consumed power in the whole of a power consuming facility such as a convenience store to reduce a power contract price, and to decrease fluctuation of system power load to reduce destabilizing factors in the system.SOLUTION: A fast charger (21) comprises: an equipment storage battery 22 capable of charging an external storage battery (EV40); a DC/DC converter 26 for converting an output to the equipment storage battery 22 to a current or a voltage suitable for charging the external storage battery (40); an AC/DC converter 30 capable of controlling inputted power from outside for charging the equipment storage battery 22 using an alternating-current input 10 from the outside; and controllers 28 and 36 for controlling the converters. The fast charger (21) is used to consume only a surplus power that is a difference between consumed power by equipment (14) other than the fast charger and a contract power.

Description

  The present invention relates to a rapid charger, a rapid charging apparatus, and a rapid charging method, and more particularly, rapid charging suitable for use in a small-scale facility such as a convenience store equipped with a rapid charger for an electric vehicle (hereinafter referred to as EV). Quick charger, quick charging device and quick charge that can cover the power required for quick charging by using only the surplus power at the store without increasing the contract power at the store where the charger is installed Regarding the method.

  In small-scale stores such as convenience stores that are one of the power consumption facilities, the amount of steady received power is small, but only a large amount of time is required, for example, during operation of a large microwave oven. Since power consumption occurs and there is a large fluctuation in power consumption, there is a problem that contract power must be increased.

  As a countermeasure against the above problem, a method of performing load leveling by installing a power storage device including a storage battery or the like that can store power can be proposed. For example, in Patent Document 1, when the load power is suddenly reduced, the flywheel generator motor is caused to function as an electric motor to absorb the power, while when the load power is suddenly increased, the flywheel generator motor is caused to function as a generator. A received power leveling apparatus has been proposed.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-346440

  However, it is impossible to introduce such a device only for the purpose of reducing the peak of power consumption from the viewpoint of cost, and it is a fact that it is not widely spread.

  Further, in recent years, with the start of sales of EVs, EV quick chargers have started to be widely used, and installation in the above-mentioned stores and the like has started gradually.

  EV quick chargers generally have a function of converting electric power from an electric power system and converting to electric current and voltage required by the EV for charging.

  In such a conventional quick charger for EV, when the EV is charged, several kW to several tens of kW of power is consumed, and when the EV does not come, a load with a large fluctuation in power consumption is consumed. There is a characteristic that becomes.

  In the situation as described above, the power consumption of the EV quick charger is generated in a form that is added to the power consumption of other loads in the store, and therefore, the received power varies more greatly in the store as a whole. Was in a situation.

  On the other hand, some EV quick chargers have been built with built-in storage batteries (hereinafter referred to as facility storage batteries). As a result, the power consumption of the EV quick charger is leveled, and the fluctuation of the power consumption is smaller than the conventional one.

  However, in any case, since the power consumption of the store and the power consumption of the EV quick charger are performed independently, the contract power amount of the power in the store is the sum of the maximum values of both, and is average. Even when the amount of received power is small, there is a problem that an expensive power receiving contract must be made.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional problems, and by using only surplus power at a store side without increasing contract power at a store or the like where a quick charger is installed, quick charging can be performed. The task is to be able to cover the necessary power.

  The present invention relates to an equipment storage battery that can be charged to an external storage battery, a DC / DC converter that converts the output of the equipment storage battery into a current or voltage suitable for charging the external storage battery, and an AC input from the outside. An AC / DC converter capable of controlling input power from the outside for charging the storage battery for equipment using a power supply, and a controller for controlling the AC / DC converter. It solves the problem.

  Here, the AC / DC converter includes an insulation transformer for performing insulation between the AC side and the input side and changing a voltage as necessary, a switching element for performing conversion from AC to DC, and the switching element. A filter circuit for smoothing a direct current output for charging the storage battery for equipment, and a control circuit for controlling the switching element to control the input power to the AC / DC converter to a target value. Can be provided.

  Further, the controller controls the AC / DC converter based on power consumption by equipment other than the quick charger in the power consumption facility where the quick charger is installed and power consumption by the quick charger. Can be.

  Moreover, the said storage battery for facilities can be provided with two or more.

  The present invention also measures the power consumption of the quick charger, means for measuring power consumption by equipment other than the quick charger of the power consumption facility where the quick charger is installed, and power consumption by the quick charger. Quick charge, characterized in that only the surplus power that is the difference between the power consumed by the equipment other than the quick charger of the power consuming facility and the contract power is consumed by the quick charger. A device is provided.

  The present invention also provides a surplus that is a difference between the power consumed by the equipment other than the quick charger of the power consuming facility where the quick charger is installed and the contract power in the power consuming facility where the quick charger is installed. The present invention provides a quick charging method characterized in that only electric power is consumed by the quick charger.

  Here, according to the remaining amount of electricity of the storage battery for the equipment of the quick charger, the surplus power of the power consuming facility, and the load generation status of the external storage battery, the charging state of the external storage battery and the auxiliary charging state of the storage battery for the equipment Can be switched.

  In addition, when the amount of remaining electricity of the storage battery for facilities is sufficient for charging the external storage battery, and the surplus power is sufficient for charging to the external storage battery, the external storage battery is charged only by the surplus power. can do.

  Further, when the remaining electricity amount of the storage battery for facilities is sufficient for charging the external storage battery and the surplus power is not sufficient for charging to the external storage battery, the surplus power and the storage battery for facilities are used in combination. The external storage battery can be charged.

  Further, when the remaining electricity amount of the facility storage battery is not sufficient for charging the external storage battery, the facility storage battery can be supplementarily charged with the surplus power as a maximum value.

  In addition, when the amount of remaining electricity of the equipment storage battery is not sufficient for charging the external storage battery, the equipment storage battery is not used for charging the external storage battery, and the external storage battery can be charged only with the surplus power. it can.

  Further, when the remaining electricity amount of the storage battery for facilities is not sufficient for charging the external storage battery and there is no surplus power, the external storage battery can be prevented from being charged.

  In the present invention, in consideration of the power consumption by other equipment except for the EV quick charger in the store, etc., only the surplus power that is the difference from the contract power in the entire store is consumed by the quick charger. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the maximum power consumption of the entire store and reduce the contract power charge, and at the same time, it is possible to reduce the fluctuation factors of the grid power supply and reduce the instability factor of the grid It becomes.

A block diagram showing a standard configuration of an EV quick charger with a built-in storage battery for facilities and a model of the connection status of in-store load facilities Time chart showing an example of typical power consumption in a store The block diagram which shows the structural example at the time of installing 1st Embodiment of the quick charger for EVs which concerns on this invention in a shop etc. The circuit diagram which shows the principal part structure of the AC / DC converter used by 1st Embodiment The flowchart which similarly shows the effect | action of a 2nd controller The block diagram which shows the structural example at the time of installing 2nd Embodiment of the quick charger which concerns on this invention in a shop etc. The time chart which shows the example of the time transition of power consumption such as the store which adopts this invention The block diagram which shows the basic composition of 3rd Embodiment of the quick charger which concerns on this invention. The circuit diagram which shows the structure of an example of the insulation type DC / DC converter which can be used in 3rd Embodiment The block diagram which shows the specific structural example of 3rd Embodiment. The block diagram which shows the state before connecting the storage battery for power similarly The figure which shows the state which is performing CAN communication between a charging device and EV similarly The block diagram which shows the state after connecting the storage battery for power similarly The block diagram which shows the state which turned off the DC / DC converter similarly Block diagram showing the basic configuration of an example of a conventional quick charger The block diagram which shows the case where the inflow electric power of the DC / DC converter primary side is supplied only from an AC / DC converter in 3rd Embodiment. Similarly, the block diagram which shows the case where the inflow electric power of the DC / DC converter primary side is supplied only from the storage battery for facilities

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  1 shows a standard configuration of an EV quick charger (also simply referred to as an EV charger) 20 having a built-in facility storage battery 22, a convenience store (hereinafter also referred to as a convenience store), and the like. The model of the connection situation of the load equipment (henceforth, load equipment in a store) 14 in a store including etc. is shown.

  An in-store load facility 14 and an EV charger 20 are connected to the input from the AC system 10 via the power distribution board 12.

  In the state where the EV 40 is not connected, when a sufficient amount of electricity is not stored in the facility storage battery 22, supplemental charging from the AC / DC converter 24 to the facility storage battery 22 is performed according to an instruction from the controller 28. If a sufficient amount of electricity is stored in the facility storage battery 22, the charging of the facility storage battery 22 is terminated. When the controller 28 detects that the EV 40 is connected, the controller 28 operates the DC / DC converter 26, and the DC / DC converter 26 supplies the power of the storage battery 22 for equipment so as to match the current or voltage value required by the EV 40. Transform and charge EV40.

  In the conventional general operation, the in-store load facility 14 and the EV charger 20 are independently operated as needed, and the total power consumed by these is the amount of power received.

  Next, an example of a time change of typical power consumption in the above convenience store or the like when no EV charger is installed is shown in FIG. An example of installation is shown in FIG. Here, it is assumed that the EV charger 20 has a built-in facility storage battery 22 and always consumes a constant power regardless of whether or not the EV 40 is charged. Actually, the power consumption of the EV charger 20 is not constant, but constantly fluctuates due to repeated charging of the EV 40, charging of the built-in facility storage battery 22, etc. It is assumed that it is larger than FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the normal power consumption in stores and the like is centered on steady loads such as lighting and air conditioners, but the power consumption increases rapidly only during the period (short time) when a high-power microwave oven is used. is doing. In a normal contract, since the contract is made with power that can cover this maximum power, a contract that is higher than the average power consumption is required. If this short-term power consumption can be suppressed, not only can the contract amount be reduced, but the power system can also eliminate unstable factors such as frequency fluctuations due to sudden changes in the load, thus stabilizing the system. It is also effective in terms of sex.

  Next, the structural example at the time of installing the EV charger 21 used for this invention in a shop etc. is shown in FIG. In FIG. 3, a second controller 36 and power meters P1, P2 are added to FIG. P1 is a power meter that measures the power consumption of a store or the like excluding the EV charger 21, and P2 is a power meter that measures the power consumption of the EV charger 21. The second controller 36 receives the measurement results of the wattmeters P1 and P2, and controls the existing controller (referred to as the first controller) 28 of the EV charger 21 to instruct the control method of the EV charger 21. Device. Further, the AC / DC converter 30 in the figure has a function of changing the power used from the AC input 10 based on an instruction from the first controller 28.

  Here, a configuration example and operation of the AC / DC converter 30 capable of controlling input power from the AC power supply 10 based on an instruction from the outside will be described with reference to FIG.

  As shown in the figure, the AC input 10 is passed through the insulating transformer 32 and the input / output is insulated and the voltage is converted as necessary. Thereafter, constant power control is performed with the input power value to the converter 30 as a target value by converting the alternating current into direct current by the switching element 33 such as an IGBT and simultaneously controlling the output power. The input power is controlled by controlling the energization state of the gate circuit of each switching element 33 by the gate firing control circuit 34 shown in the figure. In the figure, reference numeral 35 denotes a filter circuit composed of, for example, a capacitor for rectifying the output waveform. In the figure, a three-phase alternating current is shown as an example of an input alternating current, but a single-phase alternating current may be used.

  Next, the operation of this apparatus will be described with reference to FIG.

  In the second controller 36, the contract power of the store or the allowable maximum power P0 is stored in advance as data. P0 is input in advance at the time of installation of the apparatus, but it is also possible to manually change the setting when changing the power load facility and contract power.

Since P1 is a measurement result of in-store use current excluding the EV charger 21, in the second controller 36, the difference between P0 and P1, that is,
P0−P1 = PR (1)
By calculating, the surplus power value PR corresponding to the difference between the power currently used in the store and the contract power can be calculated.

  Subsequently, the second controller 36 transmits PR to the first controller 28 as a power value that can be used by the EV 40.

  Hereinafter, a flowchart of a control program incorporated in the second controller 36 will be described with reference to FIG.

  First, as shown in the equation (1), the second controller 36 calculates the difference between the allowable power P0 of the store and the power P1 used in other load equipment other than the EV charger 21. To calculate the surplus power PR of the store (step 1 in FIG. 5; FIG. 5 is omitted in the following step numbers).

  Subsequently, the remaining electricity amount of the facility storage battery 22 is measured by a method such as measurement of the terminal voltage, and it is determined whether or not this remaining electricity amount is sufficient to charge the EV 40 (step 2). A determination value as to whether or not the remaining amount of electricity is sufficient for EV charging is input in advance to the second controller 36 as data.

  First, the procedure when there is a sufficient amount of electricity for charging the EV 40 in step 2 will be described.

  It is confirmed by a method such as CAN communication whether the EV 40 is connected and charging to the EV 40 is requested (step 3).

  If there is no charge request, the process returns to the circled numerical value 1 in FIG. 5 (step 4).

  In this case, by continuing the route of Step 1 → Step 2 → Step 3 → Step 4, the apparatus 21 enters a standby state.

  Next, the case where the EV 40 is connected in step 3 and charging is requested will be described.

  In this case, the process proceeds from step 3 to step 5.

  In step 5, the second controller 36 determines whether or not the current surplus power PR is zero. When the PR is 0, there is no surplus power on the store side, and therefore, AC input cannot be used for charging the EV 40. For this reason, it is necessary to charge the EV 40 using only the facility storage battery 22 built in the device 21. Therefore, the second controller 36 gives an instruction to stop the operation of the AC / DC converter 30 via the first controller 28 and charge the EV 40 only with the facility storage battery 22 (step 6). ). In this case, the route of Step 1 → Step 2 → Step 3 → Step 5 → Step 6 is continued, and charging to the EV 40 using only the storage battery 22 for facilities is continued as long as the same state continues.

If PR is not 0 in step 5, the process proceeds to step 7 and the electric power PN required for charging the EV 40 is calculated using information such as a required current value obtained from the EV 40 by CAN communication or the like.
Subsequently, the magnitudes of PR and PN are compared (step 8).

  In step 8, if the PR is larger or equal, it means that the power required from the EV 40 can be sufficiently covered by the store surplus power, so the second controller 36 passes through the first controller 28. Then, the AC / DC converter 30 is instructed to charge the EV 40 with the input power PN (step 9). In this case, the EV 40 is charged with electric power from the AC / DC converter 30 only. As long as the same state continues, the route of Step 1 → Step 2 → Step 3 → Step 5 → Step 7 → Step 8 → Step 9 → Step 1 is maintained, and charging to the EV 40 using only the AC / DC converter 30 is performed. continue.

  Here, in the case where the state where the PN is larger than the PR occurs in Step 8, it means that the surplus power of the store alone is insufficient for charging the EV 40. The second controller 36 controls the DC / DC converter 26 via the first controller 28 so that the input power operates as PR and the total power becomes PN by using the power of the facility storage battery 22 together. Then, the EV 40 is charged (step 10). The control in this case is step 1 → step 2 → step 3 → step 5 → step 7 → step 8 → step 10 → step 1.

  The control procedure in the case where the facility storage battery 22 has a sufficient remaining power amount has been described above.

  Next, a description will be given of a control procedure in a case where the amount of remaining power of the facility storage battery 22 is small and the EV 40 cannot be charged.

  The process proceeds from step 2 in FIG. 5 to step 11 to determine whether there is a charge request from the EV 40 as in step 3.

  First, the case where the EV 40 is not connected will be described. In this case, the facility storage battery 22 is charged with the input of the AC / DC converter 30 as PR (step 12). However, since charging to the storage battery 22 for equipment needs to be performed by a method that matches the characteristics of the storage battery for equipment, such as a constant voltage constant current method, the surplus power PR of the store is set to the maximum value by the first controller 28. Charge the battery. If this state continues, the route of step 1 → step 2 → step 11 → step 12 → step 1 is maintained and charging of the storage battery 22 for equipment is continued. If a sufficient amount of power is stored in the facility storage battery 22, the process proceeds from step 2 to step 3 as described above.

  On the other hand, if it is detected in step 11 that the EV 40 is connected, it is necessary to charge the EV 40 via the AC / DC converter 30 without using the facility storage battery 22. The normally closed switch (not shown in FIG. 3) provided between the storage battery 22 and the AC / DC converter 30 is opened, and the facility storage battery 22 is disconnected. This is because, in the state where the facility storage battery 22 having a small capacity is connected to the output of the AC / DC converter 30, the EV 40 is charged via the DC / DC converter 26 and at the same time supplemented to the facility storage battery 22. This is because charging is performed and the efficiency of charging the EV 40 is reduced.

  Subsequently, in step 14, it is determined whether or not PR is 0 as in step 5. If PR is not 0, a current value that can be used for charging EV 40 is calculated from the numerical value of PR, and information is provided to EV 40 through CAN communication or the like (step 15). This is because, in the current standard protocol for EV connection, the EV charger 20 notifies the EV 40 of a current value that can be used for charging in advance via CAN communication. If another protocol is used, the charging current can be determined according to the protocol specifications. Subsequently, in step 16, the second controller 36 performs control via the first controller 28 so as to charge the EV 40 so that the input power to the AC / DC converter 30 becomes PR. In this case, Step 1 → Step 2 → Step 11 → Step 13 → Step 14 → Step 15 → Step 16 → Step 1 is continued.

  Finally, if PR is 0 in step 14, since the remaining capacity of the storage battery 22 for facilities is insufficient and there is no surplus power in the store, the EV 40 cannot be charged at this time. It is necessary to wait until surplus power is generated (step 17). However, as shown in FIG. 2, the peak power generation in the store is extremely short, for example, 1 minute, and waiting in the meantime is not a big problem. In this case, Step 1 → Step 2 → Step 11 → Step 13 → Step 14 → Step 17 → Step 1 is continued.

  In such a situation, when it is desired to always carry out EV charging without waiting, a method of appropriately setting the capacity of the storage battery for facilities in consideration of the generation of surplus power at the store and the frequency of charging to the EV 40 In addition, as in the second embodiment shown in FIG. 6, two or more sets of facility storage batteries 22 (two sets of 22A and 22B in the figure) are mounted, and the switches SW1 to SW5 are appropriately switched to store the storage battery 22 for facilities. It is also possible to perform a method such as alternately performing charging to the EV and charging to the EV 40 alternately.

  By mounting the above control program on the second controller 36, the EV charger 21 always operates so that the power used is equal to or less than the surplus power PR. As a result, the total current used in the store including the EV charger 21 can always be equal to or less than the contract power P0.

  This situation is shown in FIG. 7 as an example of the time transition of the power consumption of the store.

  With this device described above, the power required for rapid charging to the EV 40 is provided by using only the surplus power at the store without increasing the contract power at the store where the EV charger 21 is installed. Can do.

  Note that the EV charger described in the present apparatus can be load leveled without changing the design of the basic configuration of the EV charger including the storage battery 22 for facilities.

  In addition, in 2nd Embodiment, although the two sets of storage batteries 22 for facilities were provided, three or more sets may be sufficient.

  Here, the DC / DC converter 26 normally has a conversion efficiency η of about 95% at the maximum. Further, the energy loss caused by temporarily storing in the facility storage battery 22 is about 98% by using a highly efficient battery although it depends on the type of storage battery.

Therefore, in the method shown in FIG. 3, the total efficiency η20, which is the ratio of the input AC power and the power for charging the load, is the power input to the primary side of the DC / DC converter 26 only for the facility storage battery 22. Is supplied by the following formula, which is about 88.4%.
η20 = 0.95 × 0.98 × 0.95 = 0.848 (2)

  That is, (100-88.4 =) 11.6% of the electric power obtained from the AC input is consumed as heat. This low overall efficiency can be problematic.

  Further, the capacity of the DC / DC converter 26 is naturally required to be large enough to supply power necessary for charging the load. For example, assuming that the output power to the EV 40 serving as a load is 100 kW, the input power to the DC / DC converter 26 is 105.3 kW, and the input to the storage battery 22 for facilities is considered in consideration of the charge / discharge loss of the storage battery 22 for facilities. Is 107.4 kW. Therefore, the input power to the AC / DC converter 30 needs to be 113.1 kW. Therefore, in the above numerical example, the AC / DC converter 30 requires a power capacity of 113.1 kW, and the DC / DC converter 26 requires a power capacity of 100 kW.

  Therefore, in the third embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 8, the secondary-side ground-side wiring 51 of the insulated DC / DC converter 50 is connected to the facility storage battery 22 instead of the ground. . The DC / DC converter 50 is of an insulating type, that is, a type in which the ground terminals on the input side and the output side are insulated. Other configurations are the same as those in FIG.

  A circuit example of the insulation type DC / DC converter 50 is shown in FIG. In FIG. 9, a DC power source is connected to the primary side of the isolation transformer 50A, and the current is turned on and off with a switch by a gate-controlled transistor 50B. An induced electromotive force is generated on the secondary side of the insulating transformer 50A, and is rectified and output by the diode 50C and the capacitor 50D. The output voltage is controlled to a desired voltage by detecting the output voltage by the sensor 50E and controlling the drive waveform of the transistor 50B. Since the ground level of the DC input and the DC output can be changed by using the insulation transformer 50A, it is called an insulation type. FIG. 9 shows an example of an insulated DC / DC converter, and other systems may be used as long as they are insulated.

  Hereinafter, the control method of the third embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 10 shows the configuration of the main part of the third embodiment including the control system, omitting the description of the second controller 36 and the like. In FIG. 10, the AC / DC converter 30, the insulation type DC / DC converter 50, the switch S <b> 1, and the like are controlled by the first controller 28, for example. V1 is a voltmeter for monitoring the voltage of the storage battery 22 for facilities and grasping | ascertaining a residual amount.

(1) When EV 40 is not Connected In this case, as shown in FIG. 11, the operation of the DC / DC converter 50 is stopped, and the facility storage battery 22 is charged by the AC / DC converter 30. As a charging method, for example, floating charging can be performed. The fact that the EV 40 is not connected is detected by, for example, the absence of a signal indicating that the EV 40 is connected from a user interface device (not shown). Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 12, it can be detected by CAN communication with the EV 40 side using a CAN (Controller Area Network) which is an in-vehicle LAN (Local Area Network).

(2) When EV 40 is connected When it is detected that the EV 40 is connected by CAN communication or the like, the charging operation is started by closing the switch S1, as shown in FIG. When the charging current is instructed from the EV 40 side by CAN communication or the like, the DC / DC converter 20 is controlled so as to have the current value IS. When there is no charge current instruction from the EV 40 side, the current value is set to an appropriate current value based on the result of measuring the charge current A2 on the output side of the DC / DC converter 50, for example. An appropriate current value can be set by an external input or the like.

  The DC / DC converter 50 controls the output voltage so that the charging current A2 on the output side becomes equal to IS. According to this configuration, the EV 40 and the DC / DC converter 50 are connected in series, and the output voltage of the DC / DC converter 50 needs to be constantly changed by the voltage of the storage battery 22 for equipment. The comparison process is performed at a certain fixed period.

  Next, the power applied to the primary side of the DC / DC converter 50 is controlled by changing the output voltage of the AC / DC converter 30. Here, when (a) the power of the storage battery 22 for facilities is used preferentially and the AC power consumption from the AC input 10 is reduced as much as possible, (b) the AC power from the AC input 10 is used preferentially However, when the power of the facility storage battery 22 is reduced as much as possible, there are three cases where (c) the facility storage battery 22 is not used and only the output of the AC / DC converter 30 is used to operate the present apparatus. These can be selected by a user interface or can be set in advance.

  For example, when the use of this device is limited in the daytime and priority is given to charging with nighttime power and it is desired to reduce the AC input as much as possible during the daytime, the morning time zone can be After the power consumption is reduced and the remaining amount of the facility storage battery 22 is reduced, it is conceivable to use (b) to enable rapid charging while securing the remaining amount of the facility storage battery 22. Normally, the operation (a) or (b) is used, but the operation (c) is performed when the remaining amount of the facility storage battery 22 becomes extremely small and charging from the facility storage battery 22 to the EV 40 cannot be performed. be able to.

  In the case of (a), the first controller 28 sets the output voltage of the AC / DC converter 30 so that the output current A3 of the AC / DC converter 30 is sufficiently small and the output current A1 from the facility storage battery 22 is large. Control to set it low.

  In the case of the above (b), the first controller 28 reverses (a) the AC / DC converter 30 so that the output current A3 is sufficiently large and the output current A1 from the facility storage battery 22 is small. Control is performed to set the output voltage of the DC converter 30 high.

  In the case of (c), the first controller 28 stops the operation of the DC / DC converter 50 as shown in FIG. 14, and the DC / DC converter 50 incorporates the DC (DC) by a switch (not shown). Control is performed so that the power from the AC / DC converter 30 bypasses the DC / DC converter 50 and is directly used for charging the EV 40 by short-circuiting the secondary side connection of the DC / DC converter 50. In this case, since the power from the storage battery 22 for facilities cannot be used, the charging speed is a low speed limited by the capacity of the AC / DC converter 30, but the charging of the EV 40 can be continued.

  When the remaining capacity of the facility storage battery 22 decreases during the operation of (a) above, in order to continue charging the EV 40 while leaving the remaining amount of the facility storage battery 22, It is also possible to program the first controller 28 to perform an operation that automatically switches to an operation.

  Alternatively, when it is predicted that charging cannot be completed by the operation (a) according to the remaining amount of the storage battery 22 for equipment, the program of the first controller 28 is set in advance to perform the operation (b). It is also possible.

  In order to perform these operations, the first controller 28 needs to have a function of grasping the remaining amount of the facility storage battery 22 at a constant period.

  The communication between the first controller 28 and the user interface device can include this function in the first controller 28, or a module having a dedicated communication function may be mounted.

  Next, the effect of improving the overall efficiency according to the third embodiment will be examined.

  In the circuit of FIG. 8, the output power from the facility storage battery 22 is divided into two paths. One is connected to the primary side of the DC / DC converter 50, and the other is connected in series to the secondary side of the DC / DC converter 50 by the wiring 51. In this case, since the storage battery 22 for equipment is connected in series to the secondary side of the DC / DC converter 50 and the voltage is raised, the output voltage of the DC / DC converter 50 is the same as that in the conventional example shown in FIG. Smaller than that. As a result, the power handled by the DC / DC converter 50 can be reduced as compared with FIG.

  If the efficiency of the normal DC / DC converter 26 and the DC / DC converter 50 according to the present embodiment is the same, a power loss proportional to the power passing through the DC / DC converter is generated. The power loss in the DC converter is reduced, and as a result, the overall efficiency η is improved.

  A calculation example similar to the above is shown below.

  In the circuit configuration of FIG. 8, a part of the output of the facility storage battery 22 is supplied to the primary side of the DC / DC converter 50, and the rest is supplied to the secondary side. Continuously changing according to the remaining amount of EV and the remaining amount of EV40.

  As the most extreme example, when the inflow power on the primary side of the DC / DC converter 50 is supplied only from the AC / DC converter 30 (for example, the output voltage of the AC / DC converter 30 is converted to the voltage of the storage battery 22 for equipment). In contrast, when the inflow power on the primary side of the DC / DC converter 50 is supplied only from the facility storage battery 22 (as opposed to the voltage of the facility storage battery 22). It can be realized by sufficiently reducing the output voltage of the AC / DC converter 30). An equivalent circuit diagram in each case is shown in FIGS.

  In the following, the overall efficiencies η30 and η40 of the systems in FIGS. 16 and 17 are calculated. The preconditions are the same as described above.

  First, it is assumed that the voltage of the facility storage battery 22 is 1/2 of the voltage of the EV 40 serving as a load, that is, the output voltage of the DC / DC converter 50 is equal to the voltage of the facility storage battery 22.

In the case of FIG. 16, the efficiency of the output of the DC / DC converter 50 is directly connected to the output of the AC / DC converter 30.
0.95 × 0.95 = 0.9025.

  The output efficiency of the facility storage battery 22 is 0.95 × 0.98 = 0.931.

When these are connected in series, the total efficiency η30 to the EV 40 is as follows because these voltages are equal.
η30 = 0.09025 × 0.5 + 0.931 × 0.5 = 0.997 (3)

On the other hand, the case of FIG. 17 is similarly calculated. Since the secondary side output of the DC / DC converter 50 is supplied from the storage battery 22 for equipment, the efficiency is 0.931 × 0.95 = 0.8845.

Since the efficiency of the storage battery 22 for equipment connected in series on the secondary side of the DC / DC converter 50 is 0.931, the total efficiency η40 is expressed by the following equation.
η40 = 0.8845 × 0.5 + 0.931 × 0.5 = 0.09078 (4)

  That is, in either case of FIG. 16 or FIG. 17, it can be seen that the total efficiency η20 = 0.848 in the case of FIG. 15 calculated by the above equation (2) is exceeded. Further, the actual operation is in an intermediate state between FIG. 16 and FIG. 17, and the efficiency is a numerical value between η30 and η40, which indicates that the efficiency is higher than that in FIG. 15 in any case.

  In the above-described example, the voltage of the facility storage battery 22 is assumed to be ½ of the voltage of the EV 40 serving as a load. However, as the voltage of the facility storage battery 22 decreases, the share of the DC / DC converter 50 increases. Overall efficiency is reduced.

  In the following, the overall efficiency η is calculated with the ratio of the voltage of the storage battery 22 for equipment to the voltage of the EV 40 as P. In this case, the output voltage of the DC / DC converter 50 is represented as (1-P) from FIG.

The total efficiency η31 in the case of the circuit configuration of FIG.
η31 = 0.95 × 0.95 × (1-P) + (0.95 × 0.98) × P (5)

Similarly, the total efficiency η41 in the case of FIG.
η41 = 0.95 × 0.98 × 0.95 × (1-P) + (0.95 × 0.98) × P
(6)

  The overall efficiency η11 of the entire system is a numerical value between η31 and η41 depending on the remaining capacity of the storage battery for equipment 22 and EV40.

  Here, the minimum value of η11 is obtained. When η31 and η41 are compared, η31> η41 is always satisfied, and therefore the minimum value is η41.

  Further, from equation (6) of η41, η41 becomes smaller as P is closer to 0. The minimum value is when P = 0. In this case, the voltage of the facility storage battery 22 is 0, and the device does not operate.

Assuming that P is approximately 0, the total efficiency ηMIN at this time is expressed by the following equation.
ηMIN = 0.95 × 0.98 × 0.95 (7)

  This is equal to the overall efficiency η20 in the case of FIG.

  That is, by taking the configuration of FIG. 8, if the voltage of the facility storage battery 22 is greater than 0, the efficiency of the entire system is always higher than that of the configuration of FIG.

  On the other hand, it is shown that the capacity of the DC / DC converter 50 is smaller than that of FIG. 15 by adopting the configuration of FIG. For example, in the above example in which the voltage of the storage battery 22 for facilities is ½ of the EV40 voltage serving as a load, the capacity of the DC / DC converter 50 is ½, 50 kW, for an output of 100 kW. This is effective in reducing equipment cost, weight, and the like.

  Next, in the configuration of FIG. 8, conditions relating to voltage setting of the storage battery 22 for equipment are shown.

  The voltage of both the facility storage battery 22 and the EV 40 varies depending on the remaining battery level.

  When the maximum and minimum voltages of the facility storage battery 22 are VBMax, VBMin, and EV40, respectively, and the minimum voltage is VEMax and VEMin, respectively, the voltage of the facility storage battery 22 is set as follows.

Since the output voltage of the DC / DC converter 50 cannot be negative,
VBMax ≦ VEMin
It is. That is, it is a condition that the voltage VB of the facility storage battery 22 does not exceed the voltage VE of the EV 40 regardless of the value.

  Further, as the voltage VB of the facility storage battery 22 is smaller, boosting by the DC / DC converter 50 is required, leading to a reduction in efficiency. Therefore, it is desirable that the voltage VB of the facility storage battery 22 is as close to the voltage VE of the EV 40 as possible. .

  From the above examination, voltage setting such that VBMax = VEMin is the most efficient.

  However, in actual battery selection, it is necessary to consider the overall cost, battery availability, and the like, and therefore, it is not limited to VBMax = VEMin. As shown in the above examination results, as long as the circuit configuration of FIG. 8 is adopted, the efficiency is always improved unless the voltage VB of the facility storage battery 22 is 0, and therefore the setting of the battery voltage is arbitrary.

  The output capacity of each of the above storage batteries, AC / DC converter, and DC / DC converter is an example, and the optimum numerical value is taken into consideration in consideration of the capacity of the external storage battery that is the load of the apparatus, the operating rate required for the apparatus, etc. Can be selected.

  Further, depending on the usage mode, the AC / DC converter 30 can be externally omitted from the EV charger 21.

  About the contents explained above, the facilities where this device is installed were explained using convenience stores as an example, but not limited to this, any store with the same type of load pattern such as gas stations, parking lots, factories, general companies, etc. It can be applied to power consuming facilities such as power consumers.

  In each embodiment, the second controller 36 is provided independently of the first controller 28 in the EV charger 21. However, the two controllers may be integrated into a single controller, Furthermore, the control function of the AC / DC converter 30 or the DC / DC converter 26 may have the same function.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although this invention was applied to the quick charger to EV, the quick charge object of this invention is not limited to this.

10 ... AC input 12 ... Power distribution board 14 ... Load facilities in the store (power consumption facility) 21 ... Rapid charger for electric vehicles (EV charger)
22 ... Storage battery for equipment 26, 50 ... DC / DC converter 28, 36 ... Controller 30 ... AC / DC converter 40 ... Electric vehicle (EV)
P1, P2 ... Wattmeter

Claims (12)

A storage battery for facilities capable of charging an external storage battery;
A DC / DC converter for converting the output of the facility storage battery into a current or voltage suitable for charging the external storage battery;
An AC / DC converter capable of controlling input power from the outside for charging the storage battery for equipment using an AC input from outside;
A controller to control these,
A quick charger characterized by comprising: The AC / DC converter is
Insulation transformer for insulation between AC side and input side and voltage change as necessary,
A switching element for performing conversion from alternating current to direct current,
A filter circuit for smoothing a DC output generated by the switching element and charging the storage battery for equipment;
A control circuit for controlling the switching element to control the input power to the AC / DC converter to a target value;
The quick charger according to claim 1, further comprising:   The controller controls the AC / DC converter based on power consumption by equipment other than the quick charger of the power consumption facility where the quick charger is installed and power consumption by the quick charger. The quick charger according to claim 1, wherein the quick charger is provided.   The quick charger according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the storage batteries for equipment are provided. A quick charger according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
Means for measuring power consumption by equipment other than the quick charger of the power consumption facility where the quick charger is installed;
Means for measuring power consumption by the quick charger,
A rapid charging apparatus characterized in that only the surplus power that is the difference between the power consumed by equipment other than the rapid charger at the power consuming facility and the contract power is consumed by the rapid charger. In the power consumption facility in which the quick charger according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is installed,
A rapid charging method characterized in that only the surplus power that is the difference between the power consumed by equipment other than the rapid charger in the power consumption facility where the quick charger is installed and the contract power is consumed by the rapid charger.   Switching the charging state of the external storage battery and the auxiliary charging state of the storage battery according to the remaining amount of electricity of the storage battery for the facility of the quick charger, the surplus power of the power consuming facility, and the load generation state of the external storage battery The rapid charging method according to claim 6.   When the remaining amount of electricity of the storage battery for facilities is sufficient for charging the external storage battery, and the surplus power is sufficient for charging to the external storage battery, the external storage battery is charged only by the surplus power. The rapid charging method according to claim 7.   When the amount of remaining electricity of the facility storage battery is sufficient for charging the external storage battery and the surplus power is not sufficient for charging to the external storage battery, the surplus power and the facility storage battery are used in combination. The rapid charging method according to claim 7, wherein the storage battery is charged.   The rapid charging according to claim 7, wherein when the remaining electricity amount of the facility storage battery is not sufficient for charging the external storage battery, the facility storage battery is supplementarily charged with the surplus power as a maximum value. Method. If the amount of remaining electricity of the storage battery for facilities is not sufficient for charging to the external storage battery, do not use the storage battery for facilities to charge to the external storage battery,
The rapid charging method according to claim 7, wherein the external storage battery is charged only with the surplus power.   The rapid charging according to claim 7, wherein when the amount of remaining electricity of the storage battery for facilities is not sufficient for charging the external storage battery and there is no surplus power, the external storage battery is not charged. Method.

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