JP2012184682A - Engine system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent occurrence of trouble by online detecting properties of exhaust gas derived from a used fuel in a control device for an engine.SOLUTION: The engine system includes a laser analysis device 10A separately taking in a part of the exhaust gas 201 generated when driving the engine by use of the fuel F supplied from a first fuel tank, and measuring particulate matter or hydrocarbon inside the exhaust gas by first Raman scattered light 15A generated by irradiating laser light 11B into the exhaust gas 201. In the engine system, a fuel decision means 41 decides whether the fuel is good by the result of exhaust gas components as the result of the analysis in the laser analysis device 10A, and the engine control device 42 controls the engine based on the decision result of the fuel decision means 51.

Description

  In particular, the present invention relates to an engine system capable of determining the characteristics of the combustion exhaust gas in a diesel engine using heavy oil as fuel.

  For example, heavy oil is mainly used as a fuel in a diesel engine applied to a ship. The heavy oil used in this diesel engine remains after high-quality oil such as light oil is refined in the process of refining petroleum, and has high viscosity. In recent years, with the progress of this oil refining process, C heavy oil close to petroleum residue is taken out and used as fuel. However, C heavy oil is particularly high in viscosity among heavy oils, and its combustibility varies when used as fuel for diesel engines. In recent years, considering the trend of environmental regulations, which are becoming more stringent, and the realization of stable operation of the engine itself, as a solution to this problem, the concentration of particulate matter and hydrocarbons (HC) in combustion exhaust gas can be measured online. Is required.

  Conventionally, it is known to measure the concentration of dust (particulate matter) component in fuel gas by Mie scattered light by laser irradiation (see Patent Documents 1 and 2).

JP 2005-24249 A JP 2005-24250 A

JIS Z 8808 “Measurement method of dust concentration in exhaust gas”

By the way, in order to obtain the concentration of the particulate matter with a conventional laser device, an original operation of measuring Mie scattered light is required. For example, when laser Raman scattering analysis is performed, a separate measuring device is required to perform particle material analysis by Mie scattering.
However, an independent apparatus configuration becomes large, and establishment of an analysis method capable of simultaneously performing a compact gas component analysis and a particulate matter concentration analysis is desired.
In particular, if a plurality of analyzes (gas composition, particulate matter concentration, hydrocarbon concentration) can be realized by using only a single detection means, the number of parts in the device can be reduced, and a compact analyzer can be achieved. It can be provided. That is, when a plurality of analyzers are used, there is a problem that maintenance of each device is required, and costs and labor are required.
In addition, since the simultaneity of the measurement objects (measurement of the same sample) is lost, there is a problem that analysis accuracy deteriorates.

  In particular, when troubles such as those caused by carbon-derived particulate matter (PM (Particulate Matter)) in exhaust gas resulting from incomplete combustion of the diesel engine gin of a ship being navigated occur during navigation Since it cannot be analyzed, it takes a long time for the analysis results to come out, and there are many losses in the period until the implementation of the countermeasures, so detection of particulate matter and hydrocarbon concentration The advent of a simple and quick measuring device is demanded.

  In recent years, crude fuel has been used to reduce the running cost of diesel engines, while exhaust gas regulations have become stricter year by year, and not only the emission of particulate matter but also hydrocarbons (HC : Hydrocarbons), gaseous substances, especially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) reduction of the establishment of a simple analytical method and countermeasures are eagerly desired.

  As described above, in diesel engines, the quality of heavy oil used as fuel varies, and when the deterioration of heavy oil progresses, problems such as engine ignition delay may occur. When the ignition delay of the engine occurs, combustion starts in the combustion chamber when the piston descends, and the exposed area of the cylinder liner with respect to the flame increases, and this cylinder liner is subjected to a heat load in a wide range. As a result, the engine has a shortage of lubricating oil due to evaporation of the lubricating oil, which may cause local deterioration or coking.

  To that end, it is necessary to grasp the total amount of particulate matter (PM) and hydrocarbons introduced in the engine. However, in order to simply apply the conventional analysis method, it is an intermittent analysis. However, it takes time, and sufficient accuracy cannot be obtained when obtaining the total amount, and there is a problem that it is difficult to realize the analysis frequency in terms of cost (Non-patent Document 1: JIS Z 8808 “in exhaust gas” Measuring method of dust concentration ").

  The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, detects the properties of heavy oil as the fuel to be used, detects the composition of exhaust gas after combustion, particulate matter and hydrocarbons on-line, and introduces each into the engine. It is an object of the present invention to provide an engine system that can prevent the occurrence of the problem by grasping the total amount of the battery.

  The first invention of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problem is to fractionate a part of exhaust gas generated when the engine is driven using the fuel supplied from the first fuel tank. Analyzing device for measuring gas composition, particulate matter and hydrocarbons, and analyzing with the analytical device to determine the total amount of gaseous particulate matter and hydrocarbons. There is provided an engine system characterized by comprising fuel determination means for checking whether or not a threshold value is exceeded and determining whether the fuel is good or not, and controlling the engine based on a determination result of the fuel determination means.

  In a second aspect based on the first aspect, the analyzer measures particulate matter and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas by Raman scattered light or Mie scattered light generated by irradiating the exhaust gas with laser light. The engine system is characterized by this.

  In a third aspect based on the first aspect, the analyzer measures particulate matter and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas by Mie scattered light or fluorescence generated by irradiating the exhaust gas with visible light or ultraviolet light. The engine system is characterized by

  According to a fourth invention, in any one of the first to third inventions, when the concentration of the particulate matter in the exhaust gas exceeds a threshold value, the particulate matter is removed by a filter and the exhaust gas is used for engine intake. The engine system is characterized by this.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first to fourth aspects, when it is determined by the second fuel tank that can store heavy oil with good combustibility and the fuel determination means that fuel use cannot be continued, In the engine system, the fuel in the second fuel tank is supplied to a fuel supply pipe.

  According to the engine system of the present invention, the content (total amount) of bad components in the fuel used in the driving engine is measured, and the engine is controlled based on the result of the measurement. Can be prevented in advance.

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an engine system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the laser analyzer according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a laser analyzer according to the second embodiment. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a laser analyzer according to the third embodiment. FIG. 5 is a peak signal spectrum chart of Raman scattered light obtained by measuring diesel engine exhaust gas with the first wavelength conversion laser light (532 nm). FIG. 6 is a peak signal spectrum chart of Raman scattered light obtained by measuring diesel engine exhaust gas with a second wavelength conversion laser beam (355 nm). FIG. 7-1 is a diagram showing a calibration curve of the relationship between the Mie scattered light intensity at the wavelength of 532 nm and the particle substance concentration. FIG. 7-2 is a diagram showing a calibration curve of the relationship between the Mie scattered light intensity and the particle substance concentration at a wavelength of 355 nm. FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an analyzer according to the fourth embodiment. FIG. 9 is a graph showing the measurement results of particulate matter and hydrocarbons.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In addition, this invention is not limited by this Example, Moreover, when there exists multiple Example, what comprises combining each Example is also included. In addition, constituent elements in the following embodiments include those that can be easily assumed by those skilled in the art or those that are substantially the same.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an engine system according to the present embodiment.
The diesel engine of Example 1 is mounted on a ship and used for navigation, for example, and uses heavy oil as fuel. In this diesel engine, as shown in FIG. 1, the engine main body 101 is formed with a plurality of cylinder bores 102, and cylinder liners 103 are mounted on the inner surfaces of the cylinder bores 102, and the pistons 104 are supported so as to be movable up and down. Has been. The combustion chamber 105 is defined by the engine main body 101 (cylinder liner 103) and the top surface of the piston 104. The combustion chamber 105 has an intake port 116 and an exhaust port 117 communicating with each other at the upper part, and lower end portions of the intake valve 118 and the exhaust valve 119 are located. The intake valve 118 and the exhaust valve 119 are urged and supported in a direction to close the intake port 116 and the exhaust port 117, and intake cams and exhaust cams of an intake camshaft and an exhaust camshaft (not shown) are connected to the intake valve 118 and the exhaust camshaft. By acting on the exhaust valve 119, the intake port 116 and the exhaust port 117 can be opened and closed. Further, the engine main body 101 is provided with a high-pressure injector 120 capable of injecting high-pressure fuel into the combustion chamber 105 above the combustion chamber 105. In FIG. 1, reference numerals V ₁ and V ₂ denote on-off valves.

  The engine body 101 has an intake pipe (intake passage) 121 connected to the intake port 116 via an intake manifold, and an exhaust pipe (exhaust passage) 122 (202) connected to the exhaust port 117 via an exhaust manifold. The exhaust pipe 202 is equipped with a purifying means 210 such as a catalyst device that purifies harmful substances such as HC, CO, and NOx contained in the exhaust gas.

  The first fuel tank 123A can store heavy oil as fuel and can be replenished with heavy oil from the outside. The fuel in the first fuel tank 123A can be supplied to the combustion chamber 105 of the engine body 101. A first fuel supply system 124A is provided. That is, the first fuel tank 123 </ b> A and the high-pressure injector 120 are connected by the fuel supply pipe 125, and the fuel pump 126 </ b> A is attached to the fuel supply pipe 125. Therefore, by driving the fuel pump 126A, the fuel in the first fuel tank 123A can be pressurized and then transported to the high-pressure injector 120 through the fuel supply pipe 125. By driving the high-pressure injector 120, The high-pressure fuel can be injected into the combustion chamber 105 at a predetermined timing.

  The ship is provided with a control device 42 that comprehensively controls the diesel engine. That is, the control device 42 can control the high-pressure injector 120 by calculating optimum values such as the fuel injection amount and fuel injection timing based on the engine operating state such as the engine speed and the accelerator opening detected by various sensors (not shown). It has become.

  Further, an EGR passage of an exhaust gas recirculation device (hereinafter referred to as “EGR”) that communicates an exhaust pipe 122 upstream of the turbine and an intake pipe 121 downstream of the compressor (not shown) is provided. By controlling the opening, the ratio of the exhaust gas recirculating is adjusted.

  In the diesel engine of this embodiment configured as described above, when the quality of heavy oil used as fuel varies and the deterioration of the fuel advances, problems such as engine ignition delay may occur. Therefore, in the engine system of the first embodiment, a part of the exhaust gas 201 generated when the engine is driven using the fuel F supplied from the first fuel tank 123A is collected, and the laser light 11B is extracted into the exhaust gas 201. Is provided with a laser analyzer 10A for measuring particulate matter and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas by using the first Raman scattered light 15A generated by irradiating the gas, and analyzing means 10 (laser analyzers A to C, analyzers described later). 10D to F), the quality of the fuel is judged by the fuel judging means 41 from the result of the exhaust gas component, and the engine is controlled by the control device 42 based on the judgment result of the fuel judging means 41. Yes.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the laser analyzer 10A according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 2, the laser analyzer 10A includes a laser irradiation device 13 that oscillates a basic laser beam (1064 nm) 11A, and a first wavelength converter laser 11B that converts the wavelength of the oscillated basic laser beam 11A into a first wavelength conversion laser beam 11B. The first wavelength conversion unit 12A, the wavelength-converted first wavelength conversion laser light 11B, the measurement region 14 that irradiates the exhaust gas 201 to generate the first Raman scattered light 15A, and the generated first A Raman scattered light detector 18 for measuring the Raman scattered light 15A, and obtaining the gas composition of the exhaust gas 201 from the peak signal spectrum of the Raman scattered light based on the measurement result of the first Raman scattered light 15A. The particulate matter (PM) concentration is determined from the baseline excluding the peak signal spectrum.

  FIG. 5 is a peak signal spectrum chart of Raman scattered light obtained by measuring diesel engine exhaust gas with the first wavelength conversion laser light (532 nm). Here, in FIG. 5, the baseline excluding the peak signal spectrum is the concentration due to Mie scattered light caused by the particulate matter.

In general, the baseline is only noise information such as electrostatic noise and stray light.
However, in a measurement system equipped with an optical system capable of appropriately measuring Raman scattered light, these electrostatic noise and stray light are very small, so when using the first wavelength conversion laser light 11B of 532 nm, this Since the baseline information includes Mie scattered light caused by the particulate matter, it is valuable as particulate matter concentration information.

  In the present invention, 532 nm, which is the second harmonic of the YAG laser beam, is used as the wavelength. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the laser beam is 400 nm or more, more preferably 500 nm or more. Is preferred. Since the Mie scattering intensity decreases as the wavelength becomes longer, it is preferable to use laser light in the range of 400 to 1,100 nm, more preferably in the range of 400 to 700 nm.

  Here, in the present embodiment, the Raman scattered light detector 18 includes a spectroscopic unit 16 that measures the first Raman scattered light 15A generated by the irradiation of the first wavelength conversion laser light 11B, and an ICCD (Intensified Charge Coupled Device). The camera 17 is configured.

  Here, in FIG. 2, reference numeral 14 denotes a measurement region in which the exhaust gas 201 is introduced and the gas component is measured by irradiating the first wavelength conversion laser light 11 </ b> B, and 21 a is a reflection that reflects the first wavelength conversion laser light 11 </ b> B. A mirror, 22 is a condenser lens for condensing the first wavelength conversion laser light 11B, and 23 is a data processing means (CPU).

Here, the basic laser light 11A from the laser irradiation device 13 is converted into the first wavelength conversion laser of the second harmonic of the 532 nm YAG laser by the basic laser light (YAG: 1064 nm) 11A by the first wavelength converter 12A. The wavelength is converted into light 11B, reflected to the measurement region 14 side via the reflection mirror 21a, condensed by the condensing lens 22 which is a condensing means, and then sent into the exhaust pipe 202, into the measurement region 14. The first wavelength conversion laser beam 11 </ b> B is incident and irradiated to the exhaust gas 201 introduced into the exhaust pipe 202.
For measurement, the exhaust gas 201 may be branched from the exhaust pipe to the measurement chamber.

Further, the first Raman scattered light 15A scattered from the center of the measurement region 14 is spectrally separated by the spectroscopic unit 16 through an optical group (not shown) such as a polarizer, a condenser lens, and a filter, for example. The intensity of light of each wavelength is measured by the ICCD camera 17 connected to the spectroscopic unit 16.
The measurement data from the ICCD camera 17 is sent to a data processing means (CPU) 23 where the measurement data is processed.
Further, the Mie scattered light caused by the particulate matter generated at the same time is measured in the same manner, and the measurement data is processed.

FIG. 5 is a chart of Raman scattering light measurement results of diesel engine exhaust gas. From this, the concentration of each composition (carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen, etc.) can be obtained from each peak intensity.
In the figure, the horizontal axis is the pixel of the ICCD camera 17 and corresponds to the wavelength (nm).
As shown in FIG. 5, the composition of CO2, O2, and N2 can be analyzed by measuring the Raman scattered light intensity.

  In the present invention, the gas composition is obtained from the peak signal spectrum of the Raman scattered light using the second wavelength first laser beam 11B of the second harmonic of the specific 532 nm YAG laser, and the baseline is obtained by removing the peak signal spectrum. Thus, the concentration of the particulate matter can be obtained from the measurement, and the gas component and the concentration of the particulate matter can be measured simultaneously by one measurement.

  Below, each structural member of 10 A of laser analyzers using a laser apparatus is demonstrated.

The power meter 26 provided in the exhaust pipe 202 is provided in the traveling direction of the first wavelength conversion laser light 11B output from the laser irradiation device 13, and the output of the first wavelength conversion laser light 11B. It is a computing device that can measure accurately. This numerical value is fed back to adjust the output of the laser irradiation device 13.
Thereby, the position detection accuracy of the laser beam is improved, and the optical axis can be corrected quickly. However, in a poor environment, it is possible to prevent the detection element from deteriorating, for example, by ejecting a purge gas at a constant flow rate.

  The reflection mirror 21a is a mirror that reflects the traveling direction of the wavelength-converted first wavelength conversion laser light 11B in the direction in which the exhaust gas 201 exists by reflection. By adjusting the angle of the reflection mirror 21a, measurement at an arbitrary position in the measurement region 14 is possible.

  The first wavelength conversion laser beam 11B for measurement and the first Raman scattered light 15A from the exhaust gas 201 enter and exit from the first window 27-1 and the second window 27-2.

  The second window 27-2 is a quartz glass window for preventing the exhaust gas 201 from flowing out. The reason why it is made of quartz glass is to allow the first wavelength conversion laser light 11B to pass through the window. This window is doubled so that gas does not leak even if one piece of quartz glass is broken.

  Further, an electromagnetic valve (not shown) is provided in the passage of the first wavelength conversion laser beam 11B and is normally closed.

  Measurement is performed by irradiating the first wavelength conversion laser beam 11B to the exhaust gas 201 existing in the measurement region 14.

  In addition, a Raman scattered light detector 18 having a spectroscopic unit 16 having a function of separating the first Raman scattered light 15A and extracting it as measurement data will be described. Here, the first Raman scattered light 15A scattered from the central portion of the measurement region 14 forms an angle with the first wavelength conversion laser light 11B, and the second window 27-2 and the first window 27. The light enters the spectroscopic unit 16 via -1.

  The polarizer (not shown) provided in the spectroscopic unit 16 is a polarizing means that transmits only the scattered light having a specific polarization plane without changing the traveling direction. The scattered light transmitted by the polarizer is After being condensed by a condenser lens (not shown), only scattered light having a specific wavelength is transmitted by a filter (not shown).

  Then, the first Raman scattered light 15A having a specific wavelength region is split by the spectroscopic unit 16, and the intensity of the light is measured by the ICCD camera 17 connected thereto. The ICCD camera 17 is a photomultiplier device, and here, the intensity of light of each wavelength spectrally separated by the spectroscopic unit 16 is measured. Examples of the photodetector include an avalanche photodiode (APD) and a photomultiplier tube (PMT) in addition to the ICCD camera.

Further, in order to improve the measurement accuracy of the particulate matter concentration, the signal intensity (R ₀ ) of the Raman scattered light of the reference gas (nitrogen) present in the exhaust gas 201 is measured, and each time measurement is performed, the measurement region Measure the signal intensity (R ₁ ) of the Raman scattered light of the reference gas present in the reference gas, and use the obtained R ₀ / R ₁ as the calibration constant (K) to obtain the detected signal intensity (X ₁ ) of the peak signal spectrum. Then, the true signal intensity is obtained by multiplying by the calibration coefficient (K = R ₀ / R ₁ ), and the gas composition and the concentration (M ₂ ) of the particulate matter are calculated from the true signal intensity.

As a result, in addition to the analysis of the gas composition components (CO ₂ , O ₂ , N ₂ ) analyzed in the normal Raman scattering measurement, the calibration coefficient with the nitrogen concentration of the initial Raman scattered light as a reference for each measurement. By calibrating using K, the concentration-corrected true particulate matter concentration (M ₂ ) can be quickly obtained.
At this time, nitrogen used as the reference gas is not introduced from the outside, but is the gas itself contained in the exhaust gas, so that the measurement accuracy is improved.

As a result of measuring the particulate matter concentration using the laser analyzer 10A shown in FIG. 2 described above, when the fuel determination means 51 determines that the content of bad components in the fuel from the combustion exhaust gas is high, it remains as it is. If the operation is possible, the control device 42 gives a command to continue the operation.
Further, when it is determined that the fuel itself is worse than the state of the combustion exhaust gas, the control device 42 issues a command to switch the fuel.
In addition, although there is a large amount of particulate matter in the exhaust gas at present, even if it is not necessary to perform operation control, a means to generate an alarm such as an alarm should be provided if a trend of future increase is predicted. It may be.

Therefore, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, a second fuel tank 123B is provided.
The second fuel tank 123B can store high-quality heavy oil as fuel and can be replenished with high-quality heavy oil from the outside. The fuel in the second fuel tank 123B is used as the fuel for the first fuel supply system 124A. A second fuel supply system 124B that can supply the supply pipe 125 is provided. That is, the second fuel tank 123B and the fuel supply pipe 125 is connected by a fuel supply pipe 127, a fuel pump 126B and closing valve V ₂ is mounted in the fuel supply pipe 127. In this case, the second fuel tank 123B stores high-quality heavy oil having good fuel properties and good combustibility.

Therefore, by opening the on-off valve V ₂ drives the fuel pump 126B, after the quality fuel in the second fuel tank 123B is pressurized, be supplied to the fuel supply pipe 25 through the fuel supply pipe 127 it can.

  In the engine system of the first embodiment configured as described above, a part of the fuel F flowing through the fuel supply pipe 125 is fractionated, and the fuel is ashed to indirectly detect a bad component 10A. The measurement result of the first Raman scattered light 15A is processed by the data processing unit 23, the fuel determination unit 51 determines the quality of the fuel based on the detection result, and the control device 52 controls the diesel engine. I have to.

  Here, when the control device 42 determines that the currently used heavy oil is not good in quality (quality) and has poor combustibility, the fuel supply pipe 125 supplies the high-quality fuel in the second fuel tank 123B. The high pressure injector 120 injects heavy oil mixed with high quality heavy oil into the combustion chamber 105. Then, in the combustion chamber 105 of the engine body 101, the air-fuel mixture becomes an appropriate pressure at the top dead center of the piston 104 and ignites, thereby suppressing the ignition delay. Therefore, the cylinder liner 103 is prevented from receiving a heat load in a wide range due to the ignition delay, and the occurrence of insufficient lubricating oil, local deterioration, coking, and the like due to evaporation of the lubricating oil is prevented.

It should be noted that the supply amount when supplying the high-quality fuel in the second fuel tank 123B to the fuel supply pipe 125 is the combustibility of the currently used heavy oil, the amount of non-good fuel in the first fuel tank 123A, and the second It is set based on the amount of high-quality fuel in the fuel tank 123B, the time until new heavy oil can be filled, and the like. In this case, the fuel tank 123A, but sets the opening degree of the on-off valve V ₂ to set the percentage of fuel in the 123B, even if driving the engine using only high-quality fuel in the second fuel tank 123B Good.

  Therefore, the control device 42 detects the flammability of heavy oil used in the driving engine, and if it is determined that the flammability of this heavy oil is poor, the high-quality heavy oil in the second fuel tank 123B is supplied to the fuel supply pipe 125. By supplying, heavy oil with good flammability is mixed with heavy oil with poor flammability, and a decrease in flammability can be suppressed, and an increase in heat load on the lubricating oil film can be effectively suppressed.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the bad substance in the fuel can be indirectly analyzed online by the combustion exhaust gas, so that the quality of the fuel can always be monitored.
This makes it possible to accurately grasp the total amount of bad substances.

In this way, by measuring the concentration of particulate matter always accurately during diesel engine operation, how much particulate matter (PM) is actually discharged according to changes in fuel injection pressure and supercharging pressure. You can check online.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 5, the Raman scattering analysis can simultaneously detect N ₂ , CO ₂ , O ₂ , and H ₂ O, so that the O ₂ and CO ₂ concentrations can be traced in real time.

For this measurement, since the composition of the exhaust gas can be confirmed in real time by installing a laser analyzer comprising a laser device and a second photodetector in the intake pipe, it is applied to, for example, an EGR system. Thus, by grasping the gas composition (O ₂ , CO ₂ , N ₂ ) in the intake air of the EGR in real time, engine control according to the gas composition can be performed.

  For example, when the concentration of the particulate matter in the exhaust gas exceeds a threshold value, the particulate matter is removed by a filter, and the exhaust gas can be controlled to be used for engine intake of the EGR system. For example, when the oxygen concentration is low, it is possible to perform control such as increasing the ignition timing accordingly.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a laser analyzer according to the second embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 3, the laser analyzer 10B includes a laser irradiation device 13 that oscillates a basic laser beam (1064 nm) 11A, and a first wavelength conversion laser that emits the oscillated basic laser beam 11A at a second harmonic of 532 nm. A first wavelength conversion unit 12A that converts the wavelength into light 11B, a bypass optical path 31 that bypasses the fundamental laser beam (1064 nm) 11A to the downstream side of the first wavelength conversion unit 12A, and basic laser beams 11A and 532 nm of 1064 nm. A second wavelength conversion unit 12B that converts the wavelength of the combined light 11C with the first wavelength conversion laser light 11B to a second wavelength conversion laser light 11D of the third harmonic (355 nm), and a second wavelength of 355 nm. A measurement region 13 for introducing the converted laser light 11D and irradiating the exhaust gas 201 to generate the second Raman scattered light 15B, and the generated second Raman scattered light 15B. A Raman scattered light detector 18 for measurement, and the gas composition of the exhaust gas 201 is obtained from the peak signal spectrum of the Raman scattered light based on the measurement result of the second wavelength conversion laser light 11D having a wavelength of 355 nm. The particulate matter and hydrocarbon (HC) concentration is obtained from the baseline excluding the peak signal spectrum.
Here, reference numerals 21b, 21c, and 21d denote reflection mirrors that form a bypass optical path that bypasses the first wavelength converter 12A.

  In Example 2, the basic laser beam 11A of 1064 nm and the first wavelength conversion laser beam 11B of 532 nm are combined into a combined beam 11C, and this combined beam 11C is converted into a second wavelength of 355 nm by the second wavelength converter 12B. By using this second wavelength conversion laser light 11D, the wavelength of 355 nm or less is cut and detected by the Raman scattered light detector 18 to detect the gas composition and the particulate matter concentration ( A combination of Mie scattered light) and HC (fluorescence) concentration can be measured.

  FIG. 6 is a chart showing the results. Here, in FIG. 6, the baseline is a combination of the particulate matter concentration (Mie scattered light) and the hydrocarbon (HC) concentration (fluorescence).

  Generally, the baseline is only noise information such as electrostatic noise and stray light, but when the second wavelength conversion laser light 11D of 355 nm is used, the baseline information includes Mie scattering caused by particulate matter. Since light and fluorescence resulting from hydrocarbons are included, it is valuable as particulate matter concentration information and hydrocarbon concentration information.

  In the present invention, 355 nm, which is the third harmonic of YAG laser light, is used as the wavelength. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and it is preferable to use laser light that generates fluorescence of 400 nm or less.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a laser analyzer according to the third embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 4, the laser analyzer 10C includes a laser irradiation device 13 that oscillates a basic laser beam (1064 nm) 11A, and a first wavelength conversion laser that emits the oscillated basic laser beam 11A at a second harmonic of 532 nm. A first wavelength conversion unit 12A that converts the wavelength into light 11B, a bypass optical path 31 that bypasses the fundamental laser beam (1064 nm) 11A to the downstream side of the first wavelength conversion unit 12A, and basic laser beams 11A and 532 nm of 1064 nm. A second wavelength conversion section 12B that converts the wavelength of the combined light 11C with the first wavelength conversion laser light 11B to a second wavelength conversion laser light 11D of the third harmonic (355 nm), and a first of 532 nm The wavelength-converted laser beam 11B and the second wavelength-converted laser beam 11D having a wavelength of 355 nm are introduced with a time delay, and the exhaust gas 201 is irradiated to the first and second Raman scattered light. A measurement region 14 for generating 5A and 15B, and a Raman scattered light detector 18 for measuring the generated first and second Raman scattered light 15A and 15B, and a first wavelength conversion laser beam 11B having a wavelength of 532 nm. As a result of the measurement, the gas composition of the exhaust gas 201 is obtained from the peak signal spectrum of the Raman scattered light, the particulate matter concentration in the exhaust gas 201 is obtained from the baseline excluding the peak signal spectrum, and a second wavelength of 355 nm is obtained. Based on the measurement result of the wavelength conversion laser beam 11D, the gas composition of the exhaust gas 201 is obtained from the peak signal spectrum of the Raman scattered light, and the particulate matter and hydrocarbon (HC) concentrations in the exhaust gas 201 are excluded from the peak signal spectrum. It is obtained from the line and the particulate matter concentration is estimated from the difference between the two. In FIG. 4, reference numerals 22a and 22b denote condensing lenses, and 21e to 21g denote reflecting mirrors.

Here, the process of estimating the particulate matter concentration from the difference between the two will be described.
FIG. 7-1 is a calibration curve showing the relationship between the Mie scattered light intensity and the particulate matter concentration at a wavelength of 532 nm. FIG. 7-2 is a calibration curve showing the relationship between the Mie scattered light intensity and the particulate matter concentration at a wavelength of 355 nm.

Step 1) In Example 3, the configuration of Example 1 and Example 2 is combined. From the measurement value (for example, 1.8 A.U) based on the measurement result of the first wavelength conversion laser beam 11B having a wavelength of 532 nm. The particulate matter concentration (1.0 mg / m ³ N) is obtained from the first calibration curve (FIG. 7-1).
Step 2) Next, based on the measurement result of the second wavelength-converted laser beam 11D having a wavelength of 355 nm, the Mie scattered light intensity (for example, 15 AU) is calculated from the particulate matter concentration (1.0 mg / m ³ N). Obtained from the calibration curve of Fig. 2 (Fig. 7-2).
Step 3) Then, by dividing the Mie scattered light intensity (for example, 15 AU) obtained in Step 2 from the actual measurement value with the second wavelength conversion laser beam 11D having a wavelength of 355 nm, the hydrocarbon (HC) Determine the concentration.

Here, hydrocarbon (HC) is an aggregate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) such as anthracene and naphthalene derivatives, and the combustion state of the engine can be predicted from the tendency of the concentration.
Furthermore, a calibration curve is prepared in advance for a specific HC (for example, anthracene or naphthalene derivative), and the HC concentration is applied to the calibration curve to obtain an approximate concentration of anthracene or naphthalene derivative. May be.

The concentration of particulate matter and hydrocarbon can be confirmed by the laser analyzer 10C of the third embodiment.
FIG. 9 is a graph showing measurement results of particulate matter (PM) and hydrocarbon (HC).

As shown in FIG. 9, when the concentration of particulate matter (PM) and hydrocarbon (HC) increases with time and exceeds a threshold value, operation control is performed.
A plurality of threshold values are set.

Then, as a result of the analysis, when it is determined that the combustion is poor due to bad components in the fuel and the amount (total amount) of particulate matter and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas exceeds the threshold, a command to switch the fuel Is performed by the control device 42.
In addition, even when it is not necessary to perform operation control by providing a plurality of threshold values, a means for generating an alarm such as an alarm may be provided when a future trend of increase is predicted.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an analyzer according to the fourth embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 8, the analyzer 10D according to the present embodiment introduces a light source 51 for irradiating ultraviolet or visible light 52 and exhaust gas 201, and irradiates the exhaust light with the irradiation light 52, and scatters the exhaust gas. A first measuring unit 53 having a first detector 55 for detecting light and a downstream side of the first measuring unit 53 via a dust filter 56 are irradiated with ultraviolet rays to detect the fluorescence. And a second measuring unit 57 provided with a second detector 58.
In the present embodiment, the Mie scattered light is detected by the first detector 55, the particulate matter is then removed by the dust filter 56, and ultraviolet rays are irradiated to generate hydrocarbon (HC) -derived fluorescence, and carbonization is performed. Hydrogen (HC) is detected.

  The concentration of the hydrocarbon (HC) determined from the fluorescence detected by the second detector 57 from the concentration of the particulate matter and hydrocarbon (HC) determined from the Mie scattered light detected by the first detector 55. By subtracting, the concentration of particulate matter in the exhaust gas can be easily obtained.

  As a result of measurement using the analyzer 10D shown in FIG. 8 and processing by the data processing means 23 and measuring the concentration of the particulate matter, the fuel determination means 41 determines that the content of bad components in the fuel from the combustion exhaust gas is high. When this occurs, the control device 42 issues a control command corresponding to the situation in the same manner as in the first embodiment.

  In each of the above-described embodiments, the engine control device according to the present invention has been described as applied to a diesel engine for navigation that is mounted on a ship. However, in the diesel engine used for a land boiler or the like, You may apply.

  As described above, according to the present invention, the particulate matter and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas can be obtained online during the operation of the marine diesel engine by using the engine system including the particulate matter concentration and gas component measuring device in the gas. Therefore, appropriate preventive measures against incomplete combustion of the engine (change of ignition timing, change of fuel mixture ratio, switching of filters, etc.) can be taken.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 101 Engine main body 105 Combustion chamber 120 High pressure injector 123A 1st fuel tank 123B 2nd fuel tank 124A 1st fuel supply system 124B 2nd fuel supply system 125 Fuel supply pipe 52 Control apparatus 10A-10C Laser analyzer 10D-10D Analyzer

Claims (5)

  A part of the exhaust gas generated when the engine is driven using the fuel supplied from the first fuel tank, and measuring the gas composition, particulate matter and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas; Analyze with the analyzer, find the total amount of gaseous particulate matter and hydrocarbons, check whether the particulate matter or hydrocarbons in the gas exceed the predetermined threshold, and judge the fuel quality An engine system comprising: a fuel determination unit, and controlling the engine based on a determination result of the fuel determination unit. In claim 1,
The engine system is characterized in that the particulate matter and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas are measured by Raman scattered light or Mie scattered light generated by irradiating the exhaust gas with laser light. In claim 1,
The engine system is characterized in that particulate matter and hydrocarbons in exhaust gas are measured by Mie scattered light or fluorescence generated by irradiating the exhaust gas with visible light or ultraviolet light. In any one of Claims 1 thru | or 3,
When the concentration of particulate matter in the exhaust gas exceeds a threshold value, the particulate matter is removed by a filter and the exhaust gas is used for engine intake. In any one of Claims 1 thru | or 4,
A second fuel tank capable of storing heavy oil with good combustibility;
When it is determined by the fuel determination means that fuel use cannot be continued,
An engine system for supplying fuel from the second fuel tank to a fuel supply pipe.

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